European Journal of Medicinal Plants

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/151205

Chief Editors: Dr. Marcello Iriti, Dr. Valentina Savo
ISSN: 2231-0894

Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.sciencedomain.org/journal-home.php?id=13

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 484

The Strategies for Production of Forskolin vis-a-vis Protection Against Soil Borne Diseases of the Potential Herb Coleus forskohlii Briq.
(2011-01) Khatun, Selima; Chatterjee, Narayan C; Cakilcioglu, Ugur
Coleus forskohlii is an important plant in Indian Ayurvedic medicine. It is the only source for forskolin among the plant kingdom. Forskolin has a unique property of activating almost all hormone sensitive adenylate cyclase enzymes in a biological system. This review article has highlighted on research developments of C. forskohlii for the production and to enhance the production of forskolin by employing various strategies, and also to protect the most potential herb against the soil borne wilt disease, causing a serious threat towards its propagation and cultivation by using effective integrated disease management technology.
Yield, Fruit Body Diameter and Cropping Duration of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus sajor caju) Grown on Different Grasses and Paddy Straw as Substrates.
(2011-01) Rajak, Shyamal; Mahapatra, S C; Basu, M
The present experiment aimed at finding the suitability of some grasses as cost effective alternative substrates, for cultivation of one species of oyster mushroom viz., Pleurotus sajor caju (Fr.) Singer in eastern India. Relative efficacy three grasses viz., kash grass (Saccharum spontaneum L.), sabai grass (Eulaliopsis binata C.E. Hubb (Retz.)) and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citrates Stapf.) was tested by using each of them either as whole substrate or in combination with the conventional substrate i.e., paddy straw in 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 ratios. Results revealed that the maximum yield of mushroom was recorded under paddy straw with biological efficiency of 85.9%. However, no significant difference in yield was found when 25% or 50% of the conventional substrate (paddy straw) was replaced by lemon grass and sabai grass. The results indicated that grasses which are available in plenty in the forests and wastelands of lateritic uplands of eastern India can be utilized successfully as promising substrate for the commercial cultivation of Pleurotus sajor caju.
Preliminary Phytochemical, Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of Alafia barteri Stem Grown in Nigeria.
(2011-04) Hamid, A A; Aiyelaagbe, O O
The preliminary phytochemical studies of Alafia barteri stem extracts revealed the presence of reducing sugar, steroids, glycosides, flavonoids and anthraquinones. Hexane, ethylacetate and methanol successive extracts of A. barteri stem showed inhibition on the six test bacteria. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were sensitive to methanol extract at concentrations ranging from 25 to 200mg/ml using agar disk diffusion procedure, while hexane and ethylacetate extracts of the plant inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at concentrations between 50 and 200mg/ml. Hexane and ethylacetate extracts showed lower inhibition on Staphyloccocus aureus and Bacillus subtilis (gram positive), and Klebsiellae pneumonae (gram negative). Meanwhile, methanol extract exhibited antibacterial properties on Staphyloccocus aureus at concentrations between 50 and 200mg/ml, and Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiellae pneumonae and Salmonellae typhii at concentrations between 100 and 200mg/ml. The three extracts exhibited higher antifungal properties on Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolon, Penicillum notatum, Tricophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum with activity comparable to that of the reference drug tioconazole trosyd.
Sustainable Utilization of Medicinal Plants by Local Community of Uttarkashi District of Garhwal, Himalaya, India.
(2011-04) Rawat, Vardan Singh; Jalal, Jeewan Singh
A study was conducted in the Uttarkashi district of Garhwal, Himalaya, India to document the medicinal plants used by the local communities. 56 plant species distributed in 46 families were documented. Of the total plant species 52% were herbs, 25% trees, 20% shrubs and 3% climbers. 17 different plant parts were used by local communities for different ailments. Some of the plants viz. Aconitum heterophyllum, Angelica glauca, Commiphora mukul, Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Picrorhiza kurroa and Saussurea costus are very rare in the wild. Zanthoxylum armatum, Rumex nepalensis, Cinnamomum tamala, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum and Angelica glauca were the preferred medicinal plant species. The main indications for plants use were against common colds, asthma, skin and liver diseases.
Total Phenolic Contents and Lipid Peroxidation Potentials of Some Tropical Antimalarial Plants.
(2011-04) Iyawe, H O T; Azih, M C
In this investigation extracts of leaves and barks from five tropical antimalarial plants namely; Magnifera indica, Anacardium occidentale, Azachiractha indica, Carica papaya Linn and Cymbopogm citrates were studied in vitro for their total phenolics, total flavonoids and inhibition of lipid peroxidation abilities. Crude extracts from each plant material were obtained by maceration in ethanol and water respectively. The FolinCiocalteu procedure was used to assess the total phenolic concentrations of the extracts and results expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). Total flavonoid contents in extracts were determined by the aluminium chloride colorimetric assay and expressed as quercetin equivalents (QAE). The percentage inhibition of lipid peroxidation was assayed by estimating the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). The phenolic contents in water extracts of Anacardium occidentale leaves was 452.57 ± 8.08mg/gGAE and that of bark was recorded as 267.15 ± 6.06mg/gGAE. The ethanolic and water extracts of Azachiractha indica bark were found to be 310.71 ± 7.07mg/gGAE and 390.64 ± 6.97mg/gGAE respectively. The extracts of Magnifera indica leaves had the highest flavonoid content of 139.08 ± 0.77mg/100gQAE in ethanol and 69.55 ± 0.39 mg/100gQAE in water. The least values observed were 21.19 ± 0.64 mg/100gQAE for water extract of Anacardium occidentale leaves and 30.73 ± 0.26 mg/100gQAE for ethanolic extract of Anacardium occidentale bark. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney were observed as 15.92 ± 3.01% and 17.10 ± 3.48% in ethanolic extracts of Anacardium occidentale bark and leaves respectively while it was 30.67 ± 0.47% for Carica papaya Linn. The water extract of Azachiractha indica bark inhibited liver lipid peroxidation by 8.70 ± 0.32% while that of Anacardium occidentale bark inhibited kidney lipid peroxidation by 11.78 ± 1.08%. These results suggest a need for further examination of the water extract of Anacardium occidentale bark as this part of the plant appears to be critical in the phytotherapy of malaria infection.
Potentiality of Medicinal Plants in Treating Urinary Lithiasis in Littoral Region, Cameroon.
(2011-07) NOUMI, Emmanuel; EBWELLE, Essoh Samuel
Background: The objective of this study was to reveal patterns in the treatment of urinary lithiasis in the Littoral Region, Cameroon, based on data on the use of plants, from traditional healers and patients under primary health care, and to demonstrate the efficiency of some of the recipes used. Methodology: An analysis of plants use data from semi-structured interviews with traditional healers was conducted and diagnostic data was collected from patients in the community. Health conditions were ranked according to the citation frequency of plant use reports to treat urinary calculus by healers. Results: Plant use reports from 15 healers yielded about 22 medicinal plant species, which are used in 16 therapeutic preparations to treat urinary lithiasis conditions. The sample of the survey consisted of 30 patients, out of which 83.33% got well after an average of 2 months of treatment. People aged 50 to 60 years and married are the most affected by this illness. The region is situated on a volcanic soil and the richness in mineral elements would be a favorable factor to the formation of lithiasis. Furthermore, traditional health care in that region appears to be competent to overcome urinary calculus. Conclusion: Traditional medicine in the study area is consistent with the local patterns of morbidity, health care needs in relation to the side effects of the soil richness in mineral elements.
Inventory and Identification of Plants Used in the Treatment of Diabetes in Douala Town (Cameroon).
(2011-07) Din, N; Dibong, S D; Mpondo, E Mpondo; Priso, R J; Kwin, N F; Ngoye, A
Currently, the International Diabetes Federation estimates that 194 million people live with diabetes worldwide are 5.1% of the adult population and this number is estimated at 333 million in 2025. In Africa, there are about 13.6 million people suffering from diabetes. Despite many discoveries made about his treatment, cost of drug prescriptions is very high to justify the continued inaccessibility to medicine for the population living below a dollar daily income per person. The use of medicinal plants is accessible to all strata of society contributing to health for all. This study focuses on the inventory, identification and use of medicinal plants in the treatment of diabetes in Douala town. The ethnobotanical survey conducted in 2009 has enabled the identification of 41 plant species belonging to 36 genera and grouped into 26 families. These plants have led to the establishment of 47 medicinal recipes and some of which have already been cited by other authors. Ten species are common for the treatment of diabetes. These are: Alluim cepa, Aloe vera, Alstonia boonei, Catharanthus roseus, Costus afer, Cassia occidentalis, Ceiba pentandra, Citrus limon, Mangifera indica and Persea americana. The recipes which are more effective to apply every day are: one to two glasses of juice of Brassica oleracea L., a half glass of juice Phaseolus vulgaris L., three glasses of juice made from one to two handfuls of dry beard Zea mays L. boiled in a liter of water for 15 minutes and two glasses of boiled water with Eucalyptus sailgna Smith. Decoction and maceration are the main modes of preparation and oral mode is the only administration way met. The plants most used are harvested in forests, home gardens or crops and the organs used are the bark or leaf. Woody plants are most prevalent. Some plants are not recommended for pregnant women: Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Mormodica charantica, Panax ginseng, aloe vera because of the risk of miscarriage.
Phytochemical Screening and Biological Studies of the Leaves of Microtrichia perotitii DC (Asteraceae).
(2011-07) Abdullahi, M N; Ibrahim, H; Ilyas, N
The Butanolic soluble fraction (F3) of the leaves of Microtrichia perotitii DC was evaluated for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects on laboratory animals. The results of analgesic studies was dose dependent and showed significant inhibition of writhings in rats while those of the anti-inflammatory studies was dose independent and the values obtained were significantly different from the control (ketoprofene) at P<0.5,P<0.01 and P≤0.001 under the student’s t-test. There were remarkable reductions of paw edema in the mice. The results of the biological studies expose the local usage of the leaves for the treatment of pains and inflammation. The phytochemical screening of the leaves revealed the presence of Saponins, Flavonones, Alkaloids and Tanins.
Biochemical Defense against Die-Back Disease of a Traditional Medicinal Plant Mimusops elengi Linn.
(2011-07) Khatun, Selima; Cakilcioglu, Ugur; Chakrabarti, Manoranjan; Ojha, Suprakash; Chatterjee, Narayan Chandra
Mimusops elengi (Linn.) commonly known as Bakul is one such tree native to the Western Ghat region of the peninsular India. However, today this tree is also found growing in other parts of the tropical and sub tropical regions of the world. The stem, barks, leaves and fruits are used in various Ayurvedic and folk medications to treat various ailments. Die-back disease caused by Alternaria lunata severely affects the plants grown in and around Burdwan, West Bengal, India. An investigation was carried out to study the phenolics along with their oxidizing enzymes that involve in defense against the activity of the pathogen. Peroxidase activity reached its peak on 14th day after infection whereas polyphenol oxidase mediated phenol oxidation was increased upto 21st day in the infected tissues. The enhancement of phenols and their oxidizing enzymes in infected plants affords resistance of the host against die-back
Hypoglycemic and Wound Healing Properties of Cissus multistriata Leaf Extract in Rattus novergicus.
(2011-07) James, Omale; Ogirima, Yunus Habiburahman
The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-diabetic and wound healing properties of Cissus multistriata leaf extract. Diabetes mellitus was induced with alloxan and graded doses of methanol leaf extract of Cissus multistriata were administered orally to the experimentally diabetic rats for 28 days at 400, 800 and 1600mg/kg b.w for groups. Administration of the methanol extract elicited a statistically significant (P<0.05) reduction in blood glucose level in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The reduction was dose dependent. There was reduction in blood haemoglobin and increase in body weights of animals which were statistically significant (P<0.05) when compared with the control. Three groups of male rats each consisting of four rats were used for the evaluation of wound healing potential of the extract. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were treated topically with C. multistriata, Povidone iodine (drug) and paraffin base (negative control), respectively. The extract significantly (P<0.05) accelerated wound healing process compared to standard povidone iodine used. It could be stated that Cissus multistriata possesses hypoglycemic and wound healing properties.
Elevated Vanilmandelic Acid Concentration in Brain Tissue Following the Administration of Ethanolic Extract of Alstonia boonei (De Wild) in Rats.
(2011-07) Oze, G; Onyeze, G; Abanobi, S; Ojiako, O; Austin, Obi
Anthelminthic and Bactericidal Activity of Extracts from Flaveria trinervia Spring C. Mohr.
(2011-10) Hoskeri, H Joy; Krishna, V
Objective: To determine the anthelminthic and bactericidal activity of Flaveria trinervia. Study design: Assessment of Anthelminthic and bactericidal activity. Place and Duration of Study: Anthelminthic and bactericidal activity of extracts from Flaveria trinervia Spring C. Mohr. between August 2010 and May 2011. Methodology: The methanol and aqueous extracts of Flaveria trinervia were screened for antibacterial activity against 20 clinical strains belonging to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Echerichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from different infectious sources. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay of both the extracts was carried out against clinical isolates using two fold agar dilution method. Ciprofloxacin and piperazine citrate were used as the standard reference for bactericidal and anthelminthic activity respectively. Results: Evaluation of anti-bacterial activity revealed that both the extracts showed effective activity against all the six bacterial pathogens. Specifically, aqueous extract was more efficient than methanol extract but less potent than standard drug ciprofloxacin. Among the various concentrations of aqueous extract tested, 250 mg/ml showed efficient anthelminthic activity and among all the concentrations methanol extract tested 250 mg/ml gave significant results. This investigation revealed that methanol extract of F. trinervia showed significant anthelminthic activity against Pheretima posthuma when compared to the aqueous extract. Conclusion: From the results of this investigation we can conclude that F. trinervia is a potent antibacterial and anthelminthic plant.
Response Pattern of Antioxidants to Lipid Peroxide Concentration in Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepato-Toxicity Is Tightly Logistic in Rabbits.
(2011-10) Alisi, C S; Ojiako, O A; Osuagwu, G C; Onyeze, G O C
Logistic response of antioxidants to lipid peroxide concentration in carbon tetrachloride toxicity in rabbit liver was evaluated. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), ethanol extracts of Chromolaena odorata (ETECO), sylimarin (a known hepatoprotective agent) and water, were used to induce variations in the oxidant/antioxidant balance in the test and control animals. This was used as a model to study the delicate balance between the activities and/or the intracellular concentrations of these antioxidants and lipid peroxide. Concentrations of lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde) were estimated to access the degree of oxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the liver tissue. Glutathione (GSH) concentration was estimated to capture the non-enzymatic antioxidant concentration, while glutathione-s-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were assayed in the liver to assess the enzymatic antioxidant activities. Results obtained from this study showed that the concentrations of lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde) varied in a logistic fashion with the nonenzymatic antioxidant (glutathione) and the enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione-stransferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase). The concentration of the peroxidation product and the concentration/activity of the antioxidants were inversely related, maintaining a highly logistic relationship (R2 = 0.99). The non-enzymatic antioxidant (GSH) concentration and the enzymatic antioxidant (GST, SOD, and CAT) activities were found to be directly related in a sigmoidal manner (R2 = 0.98). These observations indicated that oxidant/antioxidant concentrations and activities in a rabbit liver tissue is tightly related and mathematically associated.
Antimicrobial and Antiinflammatory Potential of the Swedish Herbs Extract.
(2011-10) Gomez-Flores, R; González-Meléndez, R; Ceballos-Salobreña, A; Tamez-Guerra, P; Tamez-Guerra, R; Rodríguez-Padilla, C; Monreal-Cuevas, E; Garza-Ramos, M A De La
Oral conditions that produce the greatest damage on individuals are cavities and periodontal disease, hence non-expensive and effective solutions are immediately required, particularly for communities with no access to dental services. The antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential of the Swedish bitter herbal extract was evaluated, using pure microbial cultures and clinical samples of 29 patients. It was observed that the extract caused significant (p<0.05) in vitro growth inhibition of up to 29%, 17%, 15%, and 50% against Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus intermedius, respectively. In addition, the extract significantly (p<0.05) inhibited oral flora growth in patient samples showing MICs of < 7.8 μg/ml in 21% of the patients, 15.6μg/ml in 17% of the patients, 31.2 μg/ml in 10% of the patients, 62.5 μg/ml in 17% of the patients, 125 μg/ml in 3% of the patients, and 250 μg/ml in 7% of the patients, and induced a maximum of 75% growth inhibition, as measured by the MTT reduction assay. The extract was also observed to significantly suppress production of the inflammatory marker nitric oxide by LPS-treated murine peritoneal macrophages. The Swedish herbal extract may be considered in the clinics to prevent or treat bacterial oral infections and at the same time reducing inflammation.
Effects of Methanolic Extract of Citrullus lanatus Seed on Experimentally Induced Prostatic Hyperplasia.
(2011-10) Olamide, Adesanya A; Olayemi, Olaseinde O; Demetrius, Oguntayo O; Olatoye, Otulana J; Kehinde, Adefule A
Aims: To investigate the effects of methanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus seed (MECLS) on experimentally induced benign prostate hyperplasia. Study design: Animal model of experimentally induced prostatic hyperplasia. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ikenne Campus, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria, between May 2010 and August 2010. Methodology: Twenty adult male Wistar rats weighing about 135-180g were randomly divided into four groups of five animals each. Group I, Normal control (NC) was given corn oil as placebo 1g/Kg BW; Group II, Hormone treated control (HTC), Groups III, and IV hormone and extract treated (HTEC), received continuous dosage of 300μg and 80μg of testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) respectively on alternate days for three weeks subcutaneously in the inguinal region while the extract treated received an additional 2g/Kg BW (low dose) and 4g/Kg BW (high dose) of extract orally for 4 weeks after the successful induction of prostate enlargement. Immediately after induction some animals were randomly selected and sacrificed for gross inspection of prostate enlargement and sperm count evaluation, these procedures were repeated again after four weeks of extract treatment. Portion of the prostate were taken and processed routinely for paraffin embedding and stained with H&E. Results: Hormone treatment did not affect the body weight of the animals; however it caused a significant decrease in the weight of the testes and rendered all the rats azoospermia. In addition, treatment with extracts caused a significant decrease in the enlarged prostate, seminal vesicle and testes sizes in a dose related manner (P<0.05) compared to the hormone treated control. Histological examination of prostate revealed that the methanolic extract caused significant changes in its histo-architecture. There was an increase in the fibromuscular layer, decrease in prostatic acini size, shrinkage of epithelium, and no infolding of the epithelium into the lumen, rather, it appeared flat compared to the very distinct columnar epithelium of the hormone treated control and conspicuousness of the acini. The extracts further caused a dose dependent reduction in the prostates weight. PSA level was significantly lowered in both HTEC at low and high doses (P<0.05) in dose dependent manner. Conclusion: Administration of MECLS for one month reduced the prostate size significantly (P< 0.05), both at high and low dose, but could not restore the initial size of shrunken testes and severe oligospermia caused by the hormones. The histological studies clearly establish MECLS as a potential candidate in management of androgen dependent conditions like benign prostate hyperplasia.
Evaluation of Haematinic Activity and Subchronic Toxicity of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (Menispermaceae) Seed Oil.
(2011-10) Mbaka, G O; Owolabi, M A
Aim: The haematinic activity and subchronic toxicity of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (Menispermaceae) seed oil was evaluated and compared with the control. Materials and Methods: In acute toxicity study the animals tolerated up to 16 g/kg body weight (bw) of the extract in 2 % Tween 80 solution administered orally after 24 hrs fast. Another set of mice (6 per group) fasted for 24 hrs were administered with the extract intra-peritoneal (IP) at different doses (250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg bw) until 100% mortality was achieved. In subchronic toxicity study, 300, 600 and 1200 mg/kg bw of the extract in 2 % Tween 80 were administered on the animals for 120 days. Results: In acute toxicity study, the extract was found to be non toxic when it was administered orally for up to 16 g/kg bw within 24 hrs. Subchronic toxicity test showed no mortality after 120 days of oral administration. The animals showed appreciable increase in feeding habit and water intake. Increase in body and vital organs weights occurred while tissue histology showed no abnormal features. The liver function profile showed no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) compared to the control except for the albumin that increased markedly. The extract led to significant increase (p < 0.05) in RBC. The packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin count (Hb) increased with increase in dose. On the other hand, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and white blood cells (WBC), did not vary markedly. Similarly, WBC differentials did not record appreciable difference compared to the control. Conclusion: The result showed that SJ seed oil possessed haematinic and hepato-protective property thereby justifying its therapeutic use in traditional medicine.
Phytochemical Analysis and Hypolipidemic Properties of Jatropha tanjorensis Leaf Extract.
(2011-10) Oyewole, Oluwole I; Akingbala, Peter F
Aims: This study investigated the phytochemical composition of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf and the effect of its methanolic extract on serum lipid profile of albino rats. Study design: Experimental Animal Model. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Osun State University, Osogbo Nigeria, between January and February 2011. Methodology: Twenty four (24) albino rats divided into four groups and weighing between 130 and 150g were used for the study. Group 1 served as the control, Groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered varying concentrations of methanolic leaf extract of Jatropha tanjorensis daily for 14 days. Results: Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of terpenoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and tannins. Measurement of serum lipid profile in rats administered the extract indicate a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the mean values of total lipids, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol while triglycerides and HDL cholesterol levels were not significantly different from the control. Conclusion: This study suggests that leaf extract of Jatropha tanjorensis posses phytochemical ingredients capable of lowering blood cholesterol level and might be useful in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases caused by hyperlipidemia.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Turmeric and Garlic against 7-12, Dimethylbenzanthracene Induced Liver Damage in Wistar Albino Rats.
(2011-10) Singh, Harmeet; Bedi, P S; Singh, B
Aim: In present study the antioxidant activity of turmeric was studied in Wistar albino rats. Study design: The experimental animals were divided in to five groups each containing six animals. Group I served as normal control. All the other four groups, viz. II, III, IV and V were first challenged with7-12 Dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). Thereafter, group III, IV and V received Indole-3-Carbinol, turmeric and turmeric with garlic respectively for four weeks. Group II have Received no intervention other than DMBA. Methodology: At the end of the study all the animals were sacrificed and the effects of DMBA, Indole-3-Carbinol, Turmeric and Turmeric with garlic were monitored by growth rate during study period and also by assaying the levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA), superoxidedismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in liver and kidney homogenates. In addition serum alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phoshatase (ALP), urea and Creatinine levels were also studied. Results: The results showed that the difference in total body weight gain was not significant among all the groups. Body weight in group II was found to be reduced than the body weight on zero day. There was significant decrease in SOD and CAT, but significant increase in MDA in both the tissue homogenates. The levels of AST, ALT, ALP, Creatinine and Urea were significantly increased in group II. Reversal effects of DMBA were shown by group IV and V but they were lower than group III. Cyst formation in liver was observed in group II rats only. Enlargement and paleness of liver was maximum in group II as compared to other treated groups. Conclusion: In present study the turmeric have shown the reversal effects of DMBA induced carcinogenicity.
Partial Purification and Characterization of Lectin from the Seeds of Cissus poplunea.
(2011-10) Awoyinka, O A; Dada, O O
Lectin is a glycoprotein substance, usually of plant origin, of non-immunoglobulin nature and capable of binding to carbohydrate moieties of complex glycoconjugates. This underlies its clinical significance. Hence, purification steps comprising of centrifugation, salting-out, ultra filtration, dialysis and anion exchange affinity chromatography were used to purify the protein from the seed of Cissus populnea. The purified lectin agglutinated non-specifically red blood cells of human type A, B and O. The hemagglutinating activity of the lectin towards human erythrocytes was inhibited by Dfructose, D-glucose and CuSO4. However the lectin activity was enhanced by Dgalactose and MgCl2. Stability studies showed the purified protein to be stable at a spectrum of 20-40°C and at pH range of 6-8 and 10-11. The kinetic study on the purified protein indicated 26271HU and 278.2 L for Vmax and Km, respectively. However, result from paper chromatography on the carbohydrate isolate during purification indicated presence of a ketone sugar having same appearance with fructose standard, a sugar clinically established as the major source of energy during spermatogenesis. It was observed that heamagglutinating activity of the lectin from Cissus populnea towards human erythrocytes was non-selective to type of blood groups. It could be stated that Cissus populnea consumption may pose no threat to patient with challenge in metabolising glucose, since its main carbohydrate content is fructose.
Anti-hyperglycemic Effect of Khaya senegalensis Stem Bark Aqueous Extract in Wistar Rats.
(2012-01) Kolawole, O T; Kolawole, S O; Ayankunle, A A
Aim: To investigate anti-hyperglycemic effect of aqueous extract of Khaya senegalensis stem bark (KSE) in alloxan-diabetic Wistar rats. Methodology: Thirty rats were randomly divided into six groups of 5 animals each. Group I (non-diabetic control) was given distilled water orally. Animals in the remaining five groups were treated with a single dose of alloxan (120mg/kg body weight, i.p) to induce diabetes mellitus. This resulted in significant increase in the fasting blood glucose level of the rats. Group I (non-diabetic control) and group II (hyperglycemic control) then received distilled water orally for 14 days. Group III, IV and V were treated orally with daily doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight of KSE respectively for 14 days. Group VI was given glibenclamide (5mg/kg, p.o) for the same period. Fasting blood glucose was determined by oxidative method in all the groups on day 0 (before treatment), day 7 and day 14. Oral glucose tolerance test and erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were estimated after the two week treatment. Body weights of the animals were also measured on day 0, day 7 and day 14. Results: Treatment with KSE and glibenclamide caused significant (p<0.05) and dosedependent changes compared to the untreated animals with respect to body weight, blood glucose level and erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. The antihyperglycemic effect of KSE was comparable to that of the standard drug, glibenclamide. Conclusion: The study showed that aqueous extract of Khaya senegalensis stem bark possesses anti-hyperglycemic activity.

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