European Journal of Medicinal Plants

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/151205

Chief Editors: Dr. Marcello Iriti, Dr. Valentina Savo
ISSN: 2231-0894

Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.sciencedomain.org/journal-home.php?id=13

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In silico Investigation of the Anti-inflammatory Potential of Ligands from Commonly Used Spices, Herbs and Medicinal Plants
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-04) Morebise, O; Chukwu, E; Abandoh-Sam, M; Kotbagi, S; Eyo, E.
Introduction: Inflammation has been shown to be implicated in many communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Several studies have indicated the beneficial/protective effects of phytochemicals from many commonly used herbs, spices, vegetables and medicinal plants against ailments that have inflammatory components. Our study investigated the possible anti-inflammatory properties of ligands from these commonly used plants by exploring their interactions with the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme, using bioinformatics techniques. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme involved in the production of prostaglandins implicated in inflammatory disorders. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight ligands from plants were used for the study; ibuprofen and celecoxib served as reference ligands. The 3-D structures of the 30 ligands were retrieved from the PubChem database in their Structure Data Format (SDF). COX-2 was retrieved in its Protein Data Bank (PDB) format. The ligands and the protein were converted to their pdbqt formats and subjected to molecular docking through standard bioinformatics procedures. One of the ligands (quercetin) was further subjected to molecular dynamics simulation using the Desmond Maestro software. Results: Many of the ligands compared very well with celecoxib in their binding properties and exhibited more negative binding energies than ibuprofen. Additional interactions of H bonds and hydrophobic bonds were noticed post molecular dynamics simulation of quercetin with COX-2, indicating dynamic forces fluctuations. MD simulations showed that Gln42, Gly45, Pro 153, Pro154 and Glu465 were the best amino acid side chains that interacted with quercetin for the stabilization of the protein-ligand complex. The energy values and protein-ligand interactions indicate affinity and stability of complex. Conclusion: Many of the ligands subjected to molecular docking and MD simulation can be taken as promising drug targets and subjected to ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) properties analysis and clinical trials. This is especially important in view of the various side effects of both selective and nonselective NSAIDs. In addition, the authors, through the findings of this study, recommend more consumption of natural foods that have health benefits rather than processed and artificial products.
Unlocking the Potential of Chia Seed: A Comprehensive Review of Its Potential Applications
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-02) Sharma, P; Kaur, R.
Chia, native to Mexico and Guatemala, is now cultivated worldwide and contains 25–39% oil and 16–26% protein and is rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, tocopherols, and phytosterols, making them valuable functional foods. This review explores various methods for extracting chia oil and analyzing its composition and properties. It also highlights the potential use of chia seed by-products in food processing, such as partially defatted chia cake or meal, which can be converted into protein concentrates and phenolic compound extracts for applications in bread, cookies, and pasta. Additionally, chia cake can serve as a fat substitute and stabilize fat-free salad dressings and ice creams, while chia gum from the cake is used in biodegradable films and vegan mayonnaise. Further research is essential to expand the understanding and industrial applications of chia seeds and their derivatives.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Prepared Herbal Denture Cleansers and Their Impact on Physical Properties of Denture Base Material: An Invitro Study
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-02) BK, R; H, AT; Akanksha; Fareed, N; NK, J; Rao, S.
Background: Microbial colonization on dentures, particularly by Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, leads to oral infections and systemic health risks. Chemical denture cleansers, commonly used for hygiene, are associated with adverse effects such as tissue irritation, allergic reactions, and the potential for antimicrobial resistance, prompting the need for more biocompatible alternatives. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of herbal denture cleansers prepared from Ocimum sanctum, Aloe barbadensis miller, Coffea arabica, Elettaria cardamomum, and Salvadora persica against common denture-colonizing microorganisms. Additionally, the impact of these cleansers on the physical properties of denture materials was assessed. Materials and Methods: Herbal methanolic extracts were prepared. Each extract was diluted to specific concentrations and tested for antimicrobial activity using the agar well diffusion method against Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis for zone of inhibition. Denture specimens were immersed in the cleansers for six months, and physical properties including Colour change, Surface roughness, Surface hardness and Flexural strength were evaluated using standard techniques such as colorimetric system, profilometry, Vicker’s Hardness Tester, and a three-point bending test, respectively. p-value<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Ocimum sanctum and Aloe barbadensis miller demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity, though less than standard drugs (Nystatin, Amoxicillin, Chlorhexidine). Ocimum sanctum showed the highest inhibition against Candida albicans (17.56 mm) and Streptococcus mutans (20.02 mm). Aloe barbadensis miller showed the highest inhibition against Porphyromonas gingivalis (22.98 mm). Minimal adverse effects on denture properties were observed, with no significant deterioration over six months. Conclusion: Herbal denture cleansers, particularly those derived from Ocimum sanctum and Aloe barbadensis miller, exhibit promising antimicrobial efficacy and are potential eco-friendly alternatives to conventional chemical cleansers, with minimal impact on denture properties.
Antiplasmodial Properties of Medicinal Plants from East Singhbhum District of Jharkhand in India
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-02) Jahan, N; Shrivastava, P; Rahman, SU.
It has been reported that malaria is one of the most important vector-borne diseases in Jharkhand with significant morbidity and mortality. The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme has prepared new treatment guidelines for malaria that recommend phytochemical constituents-based therapy as the first-line drug for malaria. It is being observed in the treatment of malaria that the cases of drug resistance are increasing day by day. Finding new antiplasmodial or antimalarial plant species to develop effective malarial drugs is the necessity of time to avoid the problem of drug resistance. The tribal people have been using traditional medicinal plants since ancient times. They are using the medicinal plants found in their area for the treatment of fever, loss of appetite, digestive disorders, diabetes, jaundice, joint pain, skin and various other diseases. A community-level study was conducted to document the traditional knowledge and identify the antimalarial plant species with the help of traditional healers (vaidya/Hakeem) as well as by involving Sabar, Santal, Ho tribes and other communities of the area. The present study is focused on the exploration of antiplasmodial and antimalarial medicinal plants which are traditionally used by the ethnic or tribal people of East Singhbhum district in Jharkhand. Further, the review of scientific literature was conducted to validate the documented knowledge and related antimalarial plant species. A total of 28 medicinal plants of East Singhbhum have been identified and reviewed which have good antiplasmodial properties. These medicinal plants are rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, essential oils, anthraquinones pyrroles etc. The present study deals with the details of those active compounds and concludes the best drug for control of Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum. However, more advanced research is needed to establish the effectiveness of bioactive compounds in vitro and in vivo, understand their basic mechanisms of action and begin the process of clinical research.
Therapeutic Potential of Asparagus Racemosus Root in Managing Hyperglycemia, Dyslipidemia, and Platelet Aggregation in Neonatal Streptozotocin-induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-02) Hannan, JMA; Ahammed, A; Flatt, PR.
Lipid abnormalities frequently accompany hyperglycemia and thus a primary goal in diabetes therapy is the management of dyslipidemia. Asparagus racemosus root has previously been shown to reduce postprandial blood glucose in diabetic rats by delaying carbohydrate absorption and enhancing insulin secretion. In the present study, the chronic effects of A racemosus root on serum glucose, fructosamine, lipids, and platelet aggregation were assessed in rats with type 2 diabetes induced by neonatal streptozotocin injection. The type 2 diabetes model was created by injecting 48-hour-old pups with a single intraperitoneal dose of streptozotocin (STZ). Platelet aggregation was measured by optical aggregometry. Daily oral administration of ethanol extract of A racemosus to diabetic rats (n = 10) lowered serum glucose by 21% (p<0.01) and fructosamine by 11% (p<0.05) after 28 days. Total cholesterol (p<0.05), triglyceride (p<0.05), and NEFA (p<0.01) levels were also lowered by 9%, 16% and 38% respectively. No difference in HDL cholesterol or body weights was observed compared to control rats but platelet aggregation was significantly reduced by 18% (p<0.05). Food and water intake, stool formation, water content of stools, and urine formation were unchanged in extract-treated rats in a 24-hour acute observational study in Nalgene Metabolic Cages. In conclusion, this study reveals that ethanol extract of A racemosus root lowers circulating glucose, and atherogenic blood lipids and decreases platelet aggregation. Thus, A racemosus is the source of glucose-lowering bioactive agents and a useful dietary adjunct in the management of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and related complications.
Assessment of the Genetic Diversity of the Traditional Tree Species Kigelia africana (Sausage Tree) Using Molecular Markers for Conservation Genomics in Kenya
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-02) Denis, MM.
This study is the first to explore the genetic composition of ancient Kigelia africana across a distribution range in Kenya. Kigelia africana is a native forest species of Kenya as far as we know it; it is widely planted in the central regions of the country by the Kikuyu tribe who inhabit this region for making their traditional brew Muratina. Unlike other tree species like Acacia, Kigelia africana has seldom been studied, although there is ample evidence of its great ecological and economic value. Because of cultural reasons, natural populations are rare in the wild. Hence the study seeks to explore the genetic diversity and composition of ancient the tree distributed across various regions in Kenya. In this study, four ancient tree populations were investigated to explore the genetic diversity and composition of Kigelia africana through DArTseq technology. Thirty-two (32) Plant seed samples were obtained from various locations, their DNA extracted, libraries prepared, and sequenced using the Illumina 2500 high throughput sequencer. A total of 8,556 SilicoDArT and 3,703 SNP markers were selected and used. The average PIC was 0.45 and 0.41 for the SilicoDArT and SNPs respectively. The population structure and average linkage hierarchical clustering based on the SNPs revealed two distinct subpopulations and a few smaller admixture groups. Both marker types identified all 32 landraces as potential duplicates with very low genetic diversity between individuals. The heterozygosity defining the genetic variation within each subpopulation was around 0.25. A mantel test showed good harmony between DArTseq and SNP marker data sets. It also showed no significant correlation between genetic diversity and the geographical coordinates of the tree samples. The results of this study provide important information and insights for decision-makers, farmers, and breeders to make the necessary actions to conserve this culturally important tree.
A Review of the Botanical, Ethnomedicinal Uses, and Phytochemistry of Dalbergia (Fabaceae) Species
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-02) Isyaka, SM; Umar, A; Talatu, A; Abdullahi, AM.
Secondary metabolites found in plants are recognized to have medicinal qualities and are utilized in both mainstream and traditional medicine. More than 80% of people on the planet use medicinal plants to treat a variety of illnesses, including fever, malaria, stomachaches, and ulcers. One significant family of flowering plants with therapeutic qualities is the Fabaceae, sometimes referred to as the Leguminoceae. The fabaceae subfamily Faboideae of the pea family includes the large genus Dalbergia, which has over 300 species. It is a tiny to medium-sized trees, bushes, and lianas are found in tropical parts of Central and South America, Africa, Madagascar, and Southern Asia. Many species of Dalbergia are commonly utilized in diverse communities around the world to treat a variety of diseases. Phytoconstituents commonly found in Dalbergia species, includes isoflavonoids, neoflavonoids, glycosides, cinnamylphenols, quinones, and furans. However, only a limited number of Dalbergia species have been subjected to pharmacological research to validate their traditional uses. Additionally, only a few compounds have been identified based on their phytochemical constituents. Despite the existence of over 300 Dalbergia species worldwide, only a small fraction has been studied in detail. Therefore there is need for more scientific research on Leguminoceae species especially Dalbergia due to tremendous medicinal phytochemicals present in the specie, and can be used to cure multiple diseases affecting global population.
Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic Fungi from Passiflora edulis, Mercurialis annua and Pouteria campechiana Using MALDI-TOF and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Leaf Extracts
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-04) Dsouza, JG; B, S; Antony, B.
Aim: The present study aimed to isolate and identify the endophytic microflora of Passiflora edulis, Pouteria campechiana and Mercurialis annua plant leaves and to evaluate antimicrobial activity of their leaf extracts against pathogenic bacterial and Candida strains. Background: Endophytes have extensive uses in agriculture and medicine and provide a host with various unknown advantages in addition to producing hormones that support plant growth and help the host resist abiotic stress. In addition, bioactive secondary metabolites are produced by endophytic fungi, some of which come from the host plants. Methodology: The healthy plant leaves were subjected to surface sterilization. The leaf segments were cut aseptically (1cm x 1cm) and placed in Petri dishes containing Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and incubated at room temperature for 7 days. Identification was done based on macroscopic, microscopic characteristics and MALDI-TOF Analysis. Ethanolic leaf extracts were prepared and the antimicrobial activity of three plants were evaluated by using Disc diffusion and Agar well diffusion method. Results: A total of 40 endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy leaves such as, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Talaromyces spp, Fusarium solani, Mucor spp, Rhizopus spp and Candida albicans. The overall colonization rate of endophyte in all the 3 leaf segments was found to be 74.07%. The extracts of P. edulis, P. campechiana and M. annua exhibited considerable effectiveness in the agar well diffusion method compared to the disc diffusion method. P. campechiana leaf extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against all the tested organisms such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas spp, Acinetobacter spp, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida spp. Conclusion: This study highlights the diversity of endophytic fungal communities inhabiting P. edulis, P. campechiana and M. annua, as well as the antimicrobial property of ethanolic leaf extracts. These findings imply the potential of endophytic fungi as a source of bioactive compounds and the effectiveness of plant extracts in antimicrobial applications.
Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Potential of Byrsanthus brownii Guill
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-04) Bikindou, K; Boungou-Tsona, G; Bounkosso, H-M; Nienzi, PJN; Bitemou, E; Dabira, RV; Mbouita, LM; Otoubou, FBM; Miabangana, ES; Loumouamou, AN.
Byrsanthus brownii Guill (Salicaceae) is a plant used in traditional Congolese medicine to treat malarial fevers, amoebic dysentery, high blood pressure, physical and sexual asthenia. Objective: This work aimed to determine the chemical profiles and then evaluate the antioxidant activity of extracts from different parts of Byrsanthus brownii Guill. Methods: The extracts were obtained by maceration in methanol. The contents of total polyphenols and total flavonoids were determined respectively by the Folin-ciocalteu reagent and by aluminum trichloride and sodium nitrite. The chemical profiles were determined by LC-MS/MS. The antiradical activity was evaluated by trapping the free radical DPPH. Results: The total polyphenol contents obtained are 288.87 ± 0.14 mgEAG/g.Ms (root barks), 271.12 ± 0.12 mgEAG/g.Ms (trunk barks) and 174.77 ± 0.17 mgEAG/g.Ms (leaves). The total flavonoid contents are 104.09 ± 0.03 mgEQ/gMs (trunk barks), 85.50 ± 0.01 mgEQ/gMs (root barks) and 34.20 ± 0.01 mgEQ/gMs (leaves). Several compounds have been identified in Byrsanthus brownii extracts such as citric acid, tachioside, scutellarin, dihydroammiol glucoside, apigenin-o-glucuronide, lanceoloside A isomer, kaempferol, kaempferide, and acacetin. The antioxidant activity is better in trunk barks (IC50= 141.53 ?g/mL) and in root barks (IC50 = 154.06 ?g/mL). Conclusion: Extracts of the trunk and roots bark of Byrsanthus brownii showed interesting antioxidant potential related to their chemical profiles.
Ethnopharmacological Insights on Rubb-us-Soos (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-04) Jahan, T; Siddiqui, D; Saleem, MN; Alvi, M.
In Unani system of medicine, the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) or Licorice have been used clinically for centuries for their anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, expectorant, antimicrobial, antipyretic, analgesic, and anxiolytic activities. The roots are highly valued for their nutritional and medicinal properties and have been employed by the Greeks, Arabs, and Indians since ancient times in the treatment of cough and asthma. A decoction of roots, when further heated and converted into a jellified form known as Rubb-us-soos (extract of GG), has been used by Unani Physicians for ages for gastrointestinal ailments. Avicenna also recommended the use of licorice roots for treating cutaneous ulcers, kidney and urinary bladder diseases, gastritis, fever, lung disorders like bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis, as well as heart diseases. It is commonly added to bitter laxative formulations such as those containing Senna, Aloe vera, and Cascara, to improve flavor due to the sweet taste of glycyrrhizin. It is also used to enhance flavor in toothpaste, mouthwash, and breath purifiers. Besides, it is also employed in chewing gum, confectionery, soft drinks, liqueurs, ice creams, puddings, bakery products, soy sauce and soybean-protein meat substitutes. In the last couple of decades, a strong awareness of the safety, efficacy, easy availability and cost-effectiveness of GG has been developed among the public, thus increasing its importance and popularity. The current paper aims to highlight and appraise the botanical background, phytochemical composition, and ethnopharmacological properties of Rubb-us-soos.
Phytochemical Study and In vitro Antibacterial Activities of Extracts from Three Ivorian Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used to Treat Inflammatory Dermatoses in the Mé Area, South-East of Ivory Coast
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-02) Germain, KK; Armelle, AA-GAS; Ange, KGKN; Edwige, OA; Noël, ZG.
Background : Many of the pharmaceutical drugs used to treat Bacterial dermatoses, are becoming less and less effective in the face of bacterial multi-resistance. The search for remedies based on medicinal plants is a necessity in the discovery of new antibiotics effective in the treatment of dermatoses, above all inflammatory dermatoses become very common. Objective : To evaluate the antibacterial power of aqueous and ethanolics extracts of three medicinal plants used in traditional medicine by the Akyé people to treat inflammatory dermatoses. Methods : Plant organs were harvested in the Mé area, dried to a constant weight and then ground to a fine powder. Extraction was then carried out using osmosed water and ethanol 96° The phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out by colouring reactions. The aqueous and ethanolic plant extracts were tested In vitro against Staphyloccocus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results : The phytochemistry screening revealed the presence of sterols and polyterpenes, polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, quinones and saponosides. Antibacterial tests showed that the hydroethanol extracts were the most active, with Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ranging from (0.048 to 06.25 mg/ml) and Minimal Bacterial Concentrations from (1.56 to 06.25 mg/ml). Of the two bacterial strains studied, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most sensitive to all the extracts. The antibacterial potentials thus highlighted by the values of the ratio between Minimal Bacterial Concentrations and Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations obtained indicated that all the extracts showed a high bactericidal activity (100%) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared with Staphylococus aureus. Conclusion : The results provide a solid database for future pharmaceutical research and the development of dermatological treatments derived from natural sources. In addition, this work highlights the importance of traditional medicinal knowledge in modern healthcare and supports efforts to develop effective topical forms of dermatoses based on active plant extracts through galenic formulations.
In silico Pharmacophore Profiling of Embelia ribes and Gloriosa superba for Potential Therapeutic Applications
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-04) Dubey, SK; Behar, N; Behar, N.
Traditional Plants of Medicinal Importance (TPMI) are essential components of healthcare systems in developing countries. It is estimated that, out of 300,000 plant species present in the world, only 15% have been assessed for their pharmacological potential. The complexity and high costs associated with lab-based pharmacological assessment have significantly limited the evaluation of many TPMI, restricting research primarily to a small number of plant species, further it has hindered the exploration of numerous potentially bioactive compounds present in medicinal plants. However, in silico tools emerged as a powerful alternative that enabling the large-scale screening of plant constituents in a cost-effective and time-efficient manner. Researchers can identify promising bioactive compounds and prioritize them for further in vitro and in vivo validation by leveraging computational methods like molecular docking, virtual screening, and bioinformatics-based target prediction. Bioinformatics tools like SwissADME, PubChem, and ChemSpider provide effective solutions for large-scale screening of plant bioactive compounds. Embelia ribes and Gloriosa superba, two rare indigenous plants, have been selected for in silico pharmacophore evaluation during the present course of investigation. The researchers have reported that E. ribes and G. superba, are rich repertoire of bioactive compounds, including caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, o-cumaric acid, embelin, vanillic acid, colchicine, and colchicoside. The identification of key biological targets including MMP-9, HCAR2, SLC22A3, and ALOX5 for these bioactive compounds emphasizes their relevance in treating conditions such as papillary thyroid cancer and inflammatory diseases. Additionally, the favorable physicochemical properties, such as low tPSA values, suggest promising bioavailability and absorption, further supporting their potential as viable drug candidates.
Citral Chemotype of Pectis elongata Essential Oil: Nanoemulsification and Enhanced Antimicrobial Properties for Food Safety
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-04) Massing, LT; Mourão, RHV; Sarrazin, SLF; Suemitsu, C; Figueiredo, PLB; Fernandes, CP; Maia, JGS.
Aims: Essential oils of Pectis elongata from the Brazilian Amazon were analyzed to estimate the citral (neral and geranial stereoisomers) content in the vegetative and reproductive phases and their circadian cycle. Also, a nanoemulsification bioassay was performed to determine its impact on the oil composition and antimicrobial effectiveness against food contaminant agents. Methodology: Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyzed the oil composition, nanoemulsion, and the citral standard. Nanoemulsion was prepared using low-energy input methodology with phase inversion, and its mean diameter, polydispersity index, and volatile composition were evaluated on the 1st, 7th, and 15th-day post-processing. Results: The citral content of P. elongata oil ranged from 70.0% to 92.5% in the performed studies. The disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration bioassays conducted with the emulsified essential oil exhibited antimicrobial activity that was two to four times greater than the oil itself, with this nanoemulsion showing an average diameter between 140.7 ± 6.79 and 177.07 ± 9.24 nm, a polydispersity index between 0.36 and 0.47 ± 0.09, and a zeta potential between -2.54 ± 2.6 and -7.25 ± 2.37. Conclusion: Citral was maintained as the oil main constituent, preserving its biological properties and significantly enhancing its antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic agents contaminating and spoiling food. These findings highlight the potential application of a citral-rich oil nanoemulsion to enhance food safety.
Medicinal Plants Used as Aphrodisiacs in Niger Republic
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-04) Lawaly, MM; Moussa, I; Ikhiri, K.
For centuries, man has sought to enhance his sexual vitality or to combat impotence through traditional knowledges based on aphrodisiac substances. Several ethnobotanical surveys that were conducted in Niger republic have mentioned a number of plants as aphrodisiacs. This work aims to review and present in one single paper a list of medicinal plants that are often used as aphrodisiacs for the management of sexual dysfunction. The information were extracted from reports, published and unpublished dissertations, as well as scientific papers using online databases. A total of 38 aphrodisiac plant species belonging to 22 families were recorded. The families Fabaceae (10 species) and Rubiaceae (5 species) were found with the highest recorded number of plant species, with the roots being the most used plant parts. 25 (65.78%) out of the 38 species were cited for the first time as aphrodisiac plant and constitute one of the contributions of the present review. Overall, this review contributes to a better understanding of the traditional use of aphrodisiac plants in Niger republic. However, none of the cited plants have been scientifically proven to possess aphrodisiac properties. Therefore, the need for laboratory based studies should be carried out on these plants in order to verify there pharmacological properties and safety.
An Ethnopharmacological Review on the Antibacterial, Antifungal and Therapeutic Potentials of Acorus calamus Linn
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-04) Sunandini; Dutt, B; Kumar, R.
Acorus calamus Linn. (Sweet Flag), a semiaquatic aromatic herb from the Araceae family, thrives in wetland and humid conditions, particularly in temperate and subtropical regions. Its rhizomes, used in traditional medicine, have been employed for centuries to treat ailments like swelling, constipation, fever and asthma. The plant's medicinal properties stem from its rich content of secondary metabolites, including glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols and essential oils. These compounds contribute to its antibacterial, antifungal anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Asarone is the chief bioactive compound responsible for its antifungal properties because it interferes with the fungal cell wall synthesis and metabolic processes. Recent studies have emphasized the potential of Acorus calamus essential oils as a natural remedy for microbial infections, offering promising alternatives to synthetic drugs. With a broad spectrum of therapeutic effects, the plant holds great promise in modern drug development, particularly in combating drug-resistant infections. Despite its therapeutic potential, concerns regarding toxicity have emerged. The plant contains ?-asarone, which, at high doses, may cause hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Prolonged use could also lead to gastrointestinal issues and potential carcinogenic effects. Therefore, further research is critical to assess the safety profile of Acorus calamus, determine safe dosages, and explore its full medicinal potential while mitigating toxicity risks.
Nutritional Profile, Anti-anaemic and Antioxidant Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Senna occidentalis on Male Wistar Albino Rats
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-04) Mananga, M-J; Nyunaï, N; Touole, SR; Tchamgoue, AD; Ndjigoui, BDK; Mbassi, GM; Noah, JKE; Medou, FM; Fokou, E.
Background: The causes of anaemia vary and include iron deficiency, vitamin deficiency, inflammation-related anaemia, aplastic anaemia, anaemias related to bone marrow diseases, hemolytic anaemia, and sickle cell anaemia. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional profile, anti-anaemic, and antioxidant properties of the aqueous extract of Senna occidentalis leaves on anaemia induced by phenylhydrazine. Methodology: Firstly, the nutritional composition of the extract was analyzed using AOAC methods. Then, hemolytic anaemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg body weight for 2 consecutive days in 25 male rats. After two days, animals were randomly divided into six groups: G1 (non-anaemic control), G2 (anaemic control), G3 (reference solution), G100 (100 mg/kg/day of the aqueous extract leaf), G200 (200 mg/kg/day of the aqueous extract leaf), G300 (300 mg/kg/day of the aqueous extract leaf). After the 14-day treatment period, the animals of all groups were sacrificed and blood samples were taken to analyze the biochemical and hematological parameters. Organ samples from the sacrificed rats were excised and weighed. Results: the aqueous extract of Senna occidentalis leaves contains 14.50% proteins, 31.04% sugars, 19.28% ash, 5.02% fibers, Vitamin C (46.79 mg/100 g), and ?-carotene (3.32 mg/100 g). It increased the haemoglobin concentration, RBC counts, and hematocrit rate in extract-treated groups, but lower mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) level. Spleen weight increased in G100, G200, and reference solution groups. Kidney weight increased in G200 and G300 groups. Catalase activity rose in G300, while SOD activity increased in the positive control. Serum iron levels rose in G100 and G300 groups. Triglyceride levels decreased in G100 and G200 groups, and HDL cholesterol increased in extract treated and reference solution groups. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Senna occidentalis, rich in iron and bioactive compounds, improves hematological parameters and could thus be used for anaemia management.
Biochemical Modulation of Streptozotocin Neurotoxicity by Cinnamonum Verum Bark Extract in Wistar Rats
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-04) Charles, II; Charles, NC; Immaculata, OM; Chioma, OJ; Akpan, JA.
This study investigates the effects of Cinnamomum verum bark extract on Streptozotocin (STZ) induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty five (25) Male Wistar rats weighing between 93.4 -107.6g were divided into five groups: Group A: Control, Group B 65mg/kg STZ, Group C 65mg/kg STZ + 200mg/kg cinnamomum verum extract, Group D 65mg/kg STZ-induced + 400mg/kg Cinnamonum Verum extract and Group E 600mg/kg Cinnamomum verum extract for 28 days. STZ was administered intraperitoneally to induce neurotoxicity, followed by oral administration of Cinnamomum verum bark extract. Neurobehavioral test using Ymaze were conducted to assess cognitive functions. Biochemical assays measured oxidative stress markers, and neurotransmitter levels in the brain tissue. Hippocampal absorbance rates and latency periods were also measured to assess hippocampal intergrity and cognitive performance. The extract showed a significant increase in cognitive functions compared to the STZ-induced group. There was a marked reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA), and an increase in antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione. Treatment with Cinnamomum verum bark extract particularly in Group D and E, significantly reduced (p?0.005) MDA levels and restored SOD and GTT levels, suggesting enhanced antioxidant protection. In the Y-maze, the STZ only group showed prolonged latency periods, reflecting impaired spatial learning and memory. Cinnamonum verum bark treatment notably reduced latency period in Group D and E,demonstrating improved cognitive function. Furthermore, hippocampal absorbance rates were significantly attenuates STZ induced cognitive impairment in male wistar rats. The extract enhances antioxidant defenses, reduces oxidative stress and improves cognitive performance, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease.
Nutritional and Bioactive Potentials of Powdered Leaves of Adansonia digitata L., Corchorus olitorius L., and Bark of Triumfetta cordifolia A. Rich.: Effect on GLUT4 Translocation Activity
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-04) Armel, AAJ; Serge, AOD; Esther, N.
The consumption of medicinal plants in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasingly recommended by therapists. The leaves of Adansonia digitata (LAD), Corchorus olitorius (LCO), and the bark of Triumfetta cordifolia (BTC) are parts of the plants commonly consumed as traditional dishes for their nutritional and bioactive potential. However, very few studies have evaluated the effects of the constituents of these plants on GLUT4 translocation. The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional and bioactive composition of the powders from the LAD, LCO, and the BTC, as well as their effects on GLUT4 translocation activity. The LAD, LCO, and the BTC were processed into powders after harvest. Proximate composition, energy value, and mineral content were determined from the obtained powders. Bioactive compounds and their profiles, along with GLUT4 translocation activities, were evaluated from the extracts of the powders. It was found that the powders of A. digitata and C. olitorius had the lowest energy values of 257.75 ± 3.98 and 270.68 ± 1.65 Kcal/100g, respectively, and available sugar contents of 37.72 ± 0.45 and 38.24 ± 0.20 g/100g DM. However, only C. olitorius exhibited the highest total protein content of 21.60 ± 0.10 g/100g DM, with macroelement contents being the highest at 2200.00 ± 4.00; 1957.41 ± 3.89; and 580.00 ± 1.45 mg/100g DM for calcium, potassium, and magnesium, respectively. The powder of T. cordifolia had the highest total flavonoids of 4.90 ± 0.05 µg QE/g DM. Flavonoids such as isoquercetin and quercetin have effects on GLUT4 translocation from the extracts of the powders of A. digitata and C. olitorius of 90.61 and 92.52%Insulin, respectively. These activities are closely dependent on calcium content. The powder of C. olitorius demonstrates the best nutritional and bioactive potential and may be recommended for the management of T2D patients.
Ethnobotanical Survey of Cerrado Plants Used as Antihypertensives for the Elderly in Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-04) Santos, GSA dos; Piza, PA; Toniasso, IM; Sanchez, M; Melo, LVL; Silva, MAB da.
This study aimed to investigate the traditional use of medicinal plants for hypertension treatment by elderly communities in Rondonópolis-MT, Brazil. Ethnobotany studies the aspects by plant utilization by societies, encompassing principally the medicinal utility. Consequently, it helps in the development bioactive natural products. This ethnobotanical study was focused medicinal plants to the Cerrado, as used by elderly in Rondonópolis-MT, Brazil for hypertension treatment. Initially, two institutions supporting elderly in Rondonópolis were chosen: Recanto do Idosos and the Associação de Apoio à Terceira Idade. A questionnaire, comprising open and closed questions covering personal data, general plant-use information, and knowledge about species with anti-hypertensive properties, was used. Plants cited as anti-hypertensive and originating from the Cerrado were collected and submitted for taxonomic classification. A total of 41 elderly participated in the study, with 60.08% women, and 39.02% having incomplete elementary education. Notably, mothers played a prominent role, accounting for approximately 38.71% of the influence on plant use. Among the respondents, 58.06% believed that plants exhibit a moderate effect, while 100% claimed that plants do not cause adverse effects, and 93.5% affirmed the transmission of this knowledge to younger generations. In conclusion, 11 medicinal plants with anti-hypertensive activity were identified, with only 4 classified as belonging to the Cerrado post-bibliographic research. Following collection and botanical classification, the scientific names obtained were: Costus arabicus L.; Solanum paniculatum L.; Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. Ex Mart.; and Bixa orellana L. The limited number of plants mentioned raises concerns about the potential loss of traditional knowledge about plant among elderly. Hence, undertaking new ethnobotanical investigations becomes crucial for documenting this culturally significant knowledge.
Phytochemical & Pharmacological Activities of Diospyros malabarica
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-04) Himi, AS; Pramanik, M; Kubra, K; Muntaher, M; Anika, KA; Islam, MA; Mia, MS.
Diospyros malabarica, is a prominent member of the Ebenaceae intimate natural to the Indian subcontinent. This paper comprehensively explores the diverse pharmacological activities attributed to various parts of Diospyros malabarica, shedding light on its possible as a foundation of bioactive composites for medicinal and therapeutic applications. The pharmacological properties of Diospyros malabarica are presented through an in-depth analysis of the scientific literature, highlighting its traditional uses, phytochemical constituents and therapeutic potential. This paper covers the wide array of bioactive compounds identified in Diospyros malabarica, which have been linked to its various pharmacological activities. Several studies have demonstrated its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal, anthelminthic and anti-diabetic properties. Additionally, Diospyros malabarica has shown promise as an anticancer agent, with its extracts exhibiting cytotoxic effects on various cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the paper underscores the importance of supplementary exploration to better understand the mechanisms of fundamental in the experimental pharmacological activities and to develop standardized formulations for clinical use. Diospyros malabarica emerges as a valuable botanical resource with rich pharmacological potential. Its traditional uses are supported by scientific evidence and its bioactive compounds hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic agents.

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