Indian Journal of Applied-Basic Medical Sciences
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Editor: Dr Janardan V Bhatt
ISSN: 0975-8917
Frequency: Semi-annual
Language: English
Published By: Basic Medical Sciences Forum
Peer-reviewed open access journal indexed in Index Medicus
Website: https://www.themedicalacademy.in/
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Item Dental Emergency During Orthodontic Treatment Arising Due to Road Traffic Accident a Case Report(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2025-01) Khamar, KhushbooRoad traffic accidents often result in traumatic dental injuries. With ongoing orthodontic treatment, the injuries to the orodental structures always present differently. Management of these patients require immediate surgical approach. This case report describes the immediate surgical treatment of relieving of soft tissue entrapment from the orthodontic brackets and wires following trauma.Item A Comparison Study Between Patella Resurfacing Versus Nonresurfacing With Patelloplasty in Total Knee Arthroplasty- a Case Series(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2025-01) Shah, Richenkumar; Rawat, Sudhir KumarIntroduction Anterior knee pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains one of the important reasons for patient dissatisfaction. The management of patellofemoral joint is controversial and a decision whether to resurface the patella or not, is important. The present study compares the clinical and radiological outcomes between patellar resurfacing and nonresurfacing in patients undergoing bilateral TKA. Aims To Comparison Study Between Patella Resurfacing and Patelloplasty in Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty Objectives To Assess the: - ? Functional outcomes ? Complications If any after Patelloplasty or Patella Resurfacing ? Improvement in quality of life Material and Method ? 40 patients were consecutively selected who to be operated for primary bilateral total knee replacement ? Patients had staged bilateral total knee replacement. ? All 40 patients were kept blinded. patella resurfaced on the side operated second. ? Prospective study removing the subjective bias by comparing the two techniques in a single patient operated for bilateral tkr and having patella resurfaced in one side and patelloplasty in other. Also all the surgeries were performed by a single surgeon surgeries and using the same implant removing the other biases and making the study more reliable and conclusions valid. Observation and Results ? There were 11 males and 29 females. ? Youngest patient was 48 years age and eldest patient was 85.average age was 68.5. Average age in male was 65.09 and in female 62.61. ? Average b.m.i. was 24.9(19.1-27.5). ? Minimum follow up was 6 months and maximum follow up was 20 months. ? Operting time av. 15 minutes longer with 25cc more blood loss in resurfaced group. ? No acute infections. Conclusion There was no statistically significant difference in short-term clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes in the two groups and therefore, routine patellar resurfacing for patient undergoing TKA is not advantageous.Item Do Our Indian Medical Graduates Write Prescriptions as Per National Medical Council Guidelines(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2025-01) Attarwala, Jumana; Thakkar, Nishka; Bhatt, JanardanBackground: Drug prescription errors may lead to serious consequences including morbidity and mortality so MCI and now NMC send regular notifications to the medical community to enforce the guidelines for a rational prescription. However, due to unknown reasons, a rational prescription is rare to be seen in practice. So we made a short retrospective study of already written prescriptions and compared them whether they meet 100 % of the criteria of the guideline of NMC. Objectives: 1] To find whether our IGMs write drug prescriptions as per the guidelines of NMC 2] If writing drug prescriptions as per guidelines of NMC to what extent: Research Question: DO OUR INDIAN MEDICAL GRADUATES WRITE THE PRESCRIPTION AS PER NATIONAL MEDICAL COUNCIL GUIDELINE? Ho: our IMGs do not prescribe as per national Medical Council guideline. Ha: our IMG prescribe as per national medical council guideline? Method: We reviewed the drafts published on the website of NMC and the Indian gazette. We collected sixty-nine ransom samples of prescriptions written by IMGs and studied them and compared already published latest guidelines of NMC of drug prescription including August 2023 including various parameter ideal and rational prescription like mentioning registration number, patient age, name drugs, capitalised letters or not.... The data was collected in Excel sheet for statistical analysis. Result: Major findings can be summarised as follows From analysis we found that the drug name in capital /their Generic were written in capital in 0 %, doctor’ registration number was written in 47 %. Emergency contact number was written in 39%, the patient' name was written in 70 % UNIQUE NMC ID was written in 0%. Conclusion: The study concluded that a significant number of prescriptions written by Indian Medical Graduates do not align with the standards set by the National Medical Council (NMC) draft dated 23-05-2022. To address this issue, the NMC should introduce more promotional strategies and incentive-based approaches to enhance compliance. Our studies suggest that there are challenges in adherence to standard prescribing guidelines among IMGs. Targeted interventions, including enhanced medical education, continuous professional development, and a stricter enforcement of prescribing standards to ensure patient safety and effective healthcare delivery. Despite widespread media coverage, prescription writing practices remain substandard. The penalty-like suspension of medical practice licenses for various durations has been a matter of concern. The Indian Medical Association (IMA) has also raised concerns in support of the Indian Medical Graduates (IMGs). The study found that the key areas requiring attention are the deficiencies in prescriptions, including the Absence of the registration number, emergency contact number, patient's age, review date, and unique ID/registration number (NMC). These aspects should be emphasized, and further education and awareness are necessary to address these gaps. In this context, it is worth mentioning that the Rational prescription writing has been made a core issue in new competency medical education [CBME NMC 2023] and is expected to have a positive outcome. The medical profession also faces a huge challenge regarding the availability of all drugs in generic form in all corners of the country. All higher authority should also see that all generic drugs are available in every corner of the country if the high quality and low-cost generic drug are available. Truly speaking only limited drugs are available in genetic form but it is hoped that all generic drugs will be available easily soon. However, the matter is challenging as we need to change the behaviour of img. Higher medical authorities and medical hospitals, organizations and medical professional associations /societies should make standard operating procedures [SOP] - to see that prescription written by IMG ARE AS NMC GUIDELINES.Item Study to Compare Progrip Mesh vs Conventional Mesh in Lichtenstein’s Open Inguinal Hernia Repair(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2025-01) Shah, Anisha D.; Palsinh, HoneyBackground: A hernia is protrusion of a tissue or an organ such as omentum or bowel loops through a defect in the weakened abdominal wall muscles. Amongst the various types of hernia, inguinal hernia is the most common. The best modality of treating an inguinal hernia is surgery and hence the most common surgery done is inguinal hernia repair. Amongst the various techniques of hernia repair, Lichtenstein’s tension free meshplasty is the latest and has become the gold standard. In 2008, COVIDIEN launched progrip mesh which is a self-fixing mesh used in both inguinal and incisional hernia repair. Progrip mesh is made up of isoelastic lightweight macroporous knitted monofilament polypropylene fabric that incorporates absorbable polylactic acid fabric on one side of the mesh to provide self-fixation during first few months of implantation. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the outcome on basis of incidence of postoperative pain and operative time of self-fixing pro-grip mesh with conventional mesh in Lichtensteins open inguinal mesh hernioplasty. Objective: Comparing outcome in terms 1. Post-operative pain 2. Operative time Conclusion: Lichtenstein’s open inguinal hernia herniomeshplasty using self-fixing Progrip mesh has an advantage over conventional mesh repair as it requires less operative time and the incidence of post-operative pain is less frequent and occurs at an even more later period compared to conventional mesh repair which at times is found to be present even at postoperative day 2.Item Functional and Radiological Outcome of Displaced Supracondylar Humerus Fracture in Children A Prospective Observational Study(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2025-01) Parekh, Manan; Rawat, Sudhir; Patel, Rahul; Shah, RichenkumarAbstract: Introduction: Around 60% of all the elbow injuries in the first decade, supracondylar fractures of the humerus are the most extensively honored elbow injuries in youths. Accompanied with problems like compartment syndrome, neurovascular detriment, Volksman’s ischemic contracture, and malunion. The most extensively honoured choice of cascading is either cross-pin fashion or two parallel pins. Closed reduction and percutaneous K-wire obsession are stylish with the least problems in discrepancy with different modalities. In our study, we want to assess the functional and radiological outgrowth of pediatric displaced supracondylar humerus fracture treated with closed reduction percutaneous K-wire obsession. Materials and methods: 96 patients were selected for the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria based on the consecutive sampling. For all patients, the standard technique of percutaneous k wire fixation was performed, and patients were evaluated on 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months with functional scoring by Flynn et al. Criteria and Mayo elbow scoring and radiological scoring with Baumann’s angle. Results: Sixty children (62.5%) were affected in their first decade of life, with a clear male partiality than female. Mayo elbow scoring was 2.5, 6.0, and 3.75 at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. pin- tract infection (12), six cases of malunion of our study population. In all 96 cases, the union was achieved with 84 cases satisfactorily excellent and satisfactorily good in 6 case and lousily poor in 6 cases. Conclusion: Closed reduction and percutaneous K-Wire are the treatment of choice for pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures with Modified Gartland’s type II and type III. Applicable pinning fashion ensures a successful outgrowth with cross configuration furnishing excellent outgrowth with good rotational stability. Closed reduction and percutaneous cascading is a safe, cost-effective, less morbid procedure.Item Prevalence of Ocular Morbidity Among School Going Children in the Age Group of 6-16 Years(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2025-01) JITENDRA, KHUBANI SNEHA; Purohit, Dipali. M.PURPOSE: - To determine the prevalence of ocular morbidity among school going children in the age group of 6-16 years. Method: - In this population based prospective, cross-sectional study, 4057 children were examined from the random school selected from different areas of Bhuj, Ahmedabad, Modasa and Surendranagar from 6-16 years of age. A complete eye examination was conducted which includes detailed History, Visual acuity, Colour vision assessment, Refractive error measurement, Ocular deviation determination, Accommodation and Convergence and lastly Anterior and Posterior segments evaluation. The detailed evaluation was performed and studied by optometrist and ophthalmologist. If children required further evaluation, they were referred to the hospital. Detailed data analysis was performed. Results: - A total number of 4057 students from different schools were examined, of whom 2137 were males, and 1920 were females. The commonest eye disorder was refractive error 10.59%(430) in which most common was myopic 66.51 (286), followed by astigmatism in which simple myopic astigmatism was 13.26 (57)and compound myopia was11.2 (48)followed by mixed astigmatism 5.12 (22) , simple hypermetropia 1.16%(5) and compound hypermetropic astigmatism 0.23%(1). Out of the spectacle usage, it was found to be present only in 35.11% (157) students, rest 64.88% (279) were not aware of the refractive error. Squint i.e. phoria was present in 0.74 % (30) and tropia was present in 0.2% (7), defective color vision was there in 0.5% (20); lids and adnexal disorders 0.07% (3). Amblyopia was 0.3 % (12), retinal condition 0.22 (9), corneal opacity 0.04 % (2) and rest i.e. Low vision, nystagmus, conjunctivitis and eyelid condition were 0.02 % (1). There were no students with congenital anomalies, congenital glaucoma or Vitamin A deficiency. Conclusion: - The study concluded that most common ocular disorders were refractive error, squint and colour vision deficiency. This all disorders can easily be detected by routine eye examination and can be treated or prevented. Other ocular disorder are not in significant number but it can be diagnosed early with the help of vision screening program So, school screening program are the simplest and easy method to find the ocular morbidityItem Twin to Twin Transfusion Syndrome in Monochorionic Monoamniotic Twins(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2025-01) Deshpande, Aditi; Bhatasana, Nidhi; Patel, Vaishali; Parikh, Shalvi; Shah, SamipaTwin to twin transfusion syndrome is an infrequent complication in a monozygotic twin pregnancy. There exists a “donor” twin that donates blood to a “recipient” twin via deep artery to vein anastomosis. This sets up a “oligo-poly” sequence between the twins. The most prevalent treatment is aimed at ablation of the anastomosis. This is a case report of a 27 year old third gravida patient who presented at estimated gestational age of 20 weeks, with outside USG findings of MCMA twins with mild polyhydramnios in first twin and small sized echogenic of both kidneys in second twin. She was managed by medically terminating the pregnancy and delivering the abortuses. As TTTS is a rare complication, a systemic detailed ultrasound with Doppler should be carried out.Item Prevalence of Colour Vision Defect and Its Relation With Amblyopia and Refractive Error in School Going Children of 6-16 Years(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2025-01) Jitendra, Khubani Sneha; Purohit, Dipali. M.PURPOSE: - To determine the prevalence of colour vision defect and its correlation with amblyopia and refractive error in school going children. Method: - In this population based prospective, cross-sectional study, 4057 children were examined from the random school selected from different areas of Bhuj, Ahmedabad, Modasa and Surendranagar from 6-16 years of age. A complete eye examination was conducted which includes detailed History, Visual acuity, Colour vision assessment, Refractive error measurement, Ocular deviation determination, Accommodation and Convergence and lastly Anterior and Posterior segments evaluation. Children who could not answer 4 or more plates correctly, then child was consider as colour vision deficient. Amblyopia was detected by taking pinhole visual acuity which was lesser than 0.4 in LogMAR. Ocular disease condition was assessed Results: - Color vision deficiency (CVD) was detected in 20 children indicating a prevalence of 0.5 %. The prevalence of CVD in male children (0.6%) was higher compared to female children (0.4 %). The mean age of patient with CVD and without CVD was 12.23 and 12.6 whose p-value was 1.28 which indicates no significant difference in the age group of both the category. The mean V/A LogMAR of the children with CVD was normal compared to the children without CVD. There was no correlation of children of CVD with Refractive error, Amblyopia, Strabismus and Anisometropia. Conclusion: - In our study we concluded that the colour blindness mostly affects boys but it can affect both the gender. Red and green deficiency is most common because of its genetic heritance. Along with it, there was no relationship between CVD and type of Amblyopia, Refractive error, Anisometropia or Strabismus.Item Beyond Fingerprints the Complex World of Dermatoglyphics & Its Implications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellites(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2025-01) Makwana, Kajal; Shah, Mayuri; Bhatti, VaibhaviINTRODUCTION "DERMATOGLYPHICS" is the study of the epidermal ridges that generate a range of pattern configurations on the volar aspect of the hands and feet. The study of an individual's distinctive lines and patterns on their palms, fingers, soles, and toes is known as dermatoglyphics. Dermatoglyphics, the study of skin patterns, has emerged as a potential non-invasive diagnostic tool for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Research has shown that specific dermatoglyphic patterns are associated with T2DM, allowing for early detection and risk assessment. This review explores the application of dermatoglyphics in T2DM, including its use in identifying genetic predisposition, predicting complications, and monitoring disease progression. With its simplicity, non-invasiveness, and cost-effectiveness, dermatoglyphics holds promise as a valuable adjunct to traditional diagnostic methods for T2DM. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study aims to highlight the dermatoglyphic features and characteristics in Diabetes mellitus type II. This article will discuss the dermatoglyphic features and characteristics in type 2 diabetic patients, as well as the method of registering prints and the benefits and drawbacks of dermatoglyphics. PURPOSE OF STUDY Dermatoglyphics has significant applications in various fields, including: 1. Anthropology: Studying human diversity and population genetics. 2. Criminology: Forensic analysis and identification. 3. Medicine: Researching genetic diseases and conditions, such as: - Trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome) - Alzheimer's disease - Multiple sclerosis - Schizophrenia 4. Judicial and criminal research: Forensic analysis and identification. Dermatoglyphic studies have shown promise in understanding genetic diseases, including: 1. Diabetes mellitus type II: Research suggests potential links between dermatoglyphic characteristics and diabetes. 2. Other diseases: Further research is needed to establish clear connections between dermatoglyphics and various diseases. RESULT As a result, they can aid in the assessment of intrauterine anomalies as well as the discovery of illnesses before birth. The aetiology of both forms of diabetes is mostly due to genetic factors. CONCUSION When evaluating quantitative fingerprint traits, the number of palm dermal ridges is crucial. These patterns have made their way into the medical field nowadays, where they are used as a first diagnostic aid for medical diseases.Item A Prospective Study to Determine the Role of Subcutaneous Closed Vacuum Drain in Patients Undergoing Laparotomy(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2025-01) Patel, Zeel Bharatkumar; Patel, Nirav B.ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of subcutaneous closed vacuum drain in reducing surgical site infection in patients undergoing laparotomy (emergency and elective) with regards to the hospital stay duration, BMI and drain presence, and overall in regards to the complications. METHODOLOGY: This observational, prospective study was conducted at GCS Medical College & Research Centre in Ahmedabad from October 2022 to October 2024. It included 100 patients undergoing both elective and emergency laparotomies to evaluate the incidence of surgical site infections and related complications. RESULTS: The study found several key points: 1. Hospital Stay Duration: A statistically significant difference was observed in the duration of hospital stay between patients with and without a drain. Patients with a subcutaneous closed vacuum drain had a significantly shorter hospital stay. 2. BMI and Drain Presence: A significant difference was found between BMI and the presence of a drain. The presence of a drain had a particularly positive impact on patients with a higher BMI. 3. Complications: There was an association between the absence of a drain and an increased likelihood of complications. Patients who did not have a drain experienced more complications compared to those who had one. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that the use of a subcutaneous closed vacuum drain in both elective and emergency laparotomies can reduce the incidence of SSIs and related complications, especially in patients with higher BMI.Item A Clinico-histopathological Analysis and Bacillary Index in Skin Biopsy of Leprosy : A Study(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2024-01) Shah, Devanshi; Ganatra, Ayushee; Tandon, Rakesh; Shah, PriyanshiIntroduction: Leprosy is one of the leading causes of physical disabilities contributing to intense social stigmata resulting in human discrimination. This chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae principally affects skin and peripheral nerve. It can also include muscle, eyes, bones, testis and internal organs. Histopathology study and bacillary index is important in understanding the disease progression, diagnosis, varied manifestation and complications. Method: All cases attending the Skin OPD were examined clinically and skin biopsy specimen was obtained from clinically diagnosed cases of Leprosy and stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin and modified Fite Faraco (AFB). The clinical diagnosis correlated with histopathology in all 100 cases. Results: The age of the patients was ranged from 4 to 80 years. The male to female ratio of patients was 3 to 1. Borderline Tuberculoid was the most common presentation. Highest parity was observed in BT and Histoid leprosy. Clinico-histopathological agreement was seen in 76 (76%) cases. Conclusion: The clinical and histopathological features along with bacteriological index are useful than any single parameter in arriving definitive diagnosis and classification of the leprosyItem Study of Fetomaternal Outcome in Pregnancy With Eclampsia(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2024-01) Prajapati, Dipika; Panchal, Nirali; Patel, Shlok V.; Patel, Rina V.; Vagela, Nikharbhai; Panchal, Vaishali P.INTRODUCTION: - Eclampsia is defined as an acute and life threatening convulsive condition that arises due to preeclampsia. Typically, convulsions are tonic –clonic lasting for 1-2 mins and are not due to other causes. (e.g.- epilepsy, brain tumour). Global incidence of eclampsia is 1 in 1500 pregnancies whereas in India it is as high as 1-5% of all pregnancies. Poor availability to health resources, lack of transportation, lack of knowledge regarding the various risk factors and loss to follow up of high-risk pregnancies are the major hindering factors in the reduction of rate of eclampsia. OBJECTIVES: - This study is to estimate the proportion of eclampsia, evaluate the clinical presentation, assess management and study the various foetal and maternal outcomes in patients with eclampsia coming to our institute. METHOD: - This is a prospective observational study which was conducted at our tertiary care centre. Total 7500 births were recorded in a period of one year from February 2022to February 2023. The study population consists of patients who presented to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at our tertiary institute with features of eclampsia, RESULT: - Proportion of eclampsia in our study is 0.33%. Chances of eclampsia increase in nulliparous patients (80%) during our study period. Incidence is higher during antepartum period. In the present study, 72% patients were discharged without the requirement of intensive care, where as 20% patients need ICU stay. 34% babies required NICU admission. CONCLUSION: - In low- and middle-income countries, eclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality. Counselling and proper antenatal care play a very important role in prevention of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early detection of preeclampsia and timely treatment with antihypertensive drugs may help in reducing the incidence of antepartum eclampsia.Item A Study of Ectopic Pregnancy at Tertiary Care Hospital(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2024-01) Shihora, Kartavya Y.; Vaghasiya, Meera B.; Panchal, Vaishali P.Introduction: The word ectopic is originated from a Greek word; ‘EKTOPOS’ meaning “out of the the place”. The term “Ectopic Gestation” is applied to pregnancy where fertilized ovum becomes implanted at the site other than endometrial lining of the normal uterine cavity. Ectopic pregnancy is the leading cause of maternal morbidity in first trimester. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is approximately 1.5-2% worldwide. Increased use of the intrauterine devices for contraception and use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are responsible factors for the ectopic pregnancy. Due to advance in modern technology like diagnostic laparoscopy, radioimmunoassay of HCG and ultrasonography diagnosis has become less difficult. Material and methods: This prospective study of ectopic pregnancy was carried out at Obstetrics & Gynaecology department of our institute from November 2022 to September 2023.All diagnosed cases of ectopic pregnancy were enrolled in the study. Information was collected in a pretested proforma and analyzed. Result: In this study incidence of ectopic pregnancy is 2.4/1000 live births. Out of 25 patients, 72% patients were between the age group of 21-30 years. In our study nulligarvida (36%) were found to be more prone to have an ectopic pregnancy. Amenorrhea with lower abdominal pain (90%) is the most common presenting symptom. Tubal ectopic pregnancy (96%) was the commonest site of ectopic pregnancy. Conservative medical management was done in 1patients. Multi-dose methotrexate regimen was used inpatient and were treated successfully. Laparoscopic management was done in 16%of cases. Laparotomy was done in 80%of patients. Conclusion: It has been observed that ectopic pregnancy remains the most lethal and morbid gynaecological emergency in child bearing age. Early identification of underlying risk factors, diagnosis with the essential aids like trans vaginal ultrasound and beta hCG and timely intervention in the form of medical or surgical treatment will definitely help in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancy & improve the future reproduction outcome.Item Comparative Study of One Day Pre-operative Antibiotic Prophylaxis Versus Five Days Postoperative Antibiotic Coverage in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2024-01) Mistry, Yashesh K.; Chandnani, RajeshINTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial agents were considered as magic bullets and effective tools to combat infection in various therapeutic settings. In conventional antibiotic use, antimicrobials are used for a predetermined period after therapeutic procedure to combat the infection because most often in public hospitals due to lack of maintenance of environmental hygiene & overload of surgical patients fear of SSI (surgical site infection) are more. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To study the wound infection rate and recognition and prevention of exogenous and endogenous sources of SSI in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, whether long term antibiotics should be given or antibiotics given at the maximum time of concentration are sufficient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study size and period: 50 cases, June 2023 to December 2023. Study conducted at SMIMER HOSPITAL, SURAT. Single dose of antibiotic, 1 gm ceftriaxone was administered one hour before surgery by IV route & 5 days’ course, 2 days IV and 3 days oral (cefixime). Study on patients with age group of 18-60 years both males & females with no co-morbid condition posted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gall bladder stones. Wound inspection done on 3rd, 5th, and 7th day. RESULTS: 1-day pre-operative antibiotic is almost as effective as to multiple dose antibiotics. Hence a single-day prophylaxis is recommended to reduce the financial burdens, the emergence of resistant strains and avoid the side effects of the drugs. However, it is of utmost importance that complete asepsis be maintained during the surgery and post-operative care, irrespective of the antibiotic prophylaxis, to achieve the most desired goal of elimination of post-operative infections, thus reducing the morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSION: Single dose antibiotic is sufficient in preventing wound infection and also so other factors like proper preoperative skin preparation, sterile surgical practice & operative theatre & good postoperative nursing care to be taken care of. Prolonged administration of antibiotics is unnecessary and costlier. Prolonged use of antibiotics is associated with emergence of resistant strains and super-infections, which can be prevented by cost-effective short term antibiotic prophylaxisItem A Single Shot of Antibiotic in Laparoscopic Appendectomy(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2024-07) Ghantasala, Sai Deepu Jnana; Shah, BhavinBackground: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common acute surgery events. Appendicitis must be considered in every patient who presents with acute abdominal pain. Its main treatment is surgery. However medical management before and after the surgery has an important impact on the treatment. Single or multiple-dose regimens of antibiotics may rely on the patient’s medical situation and the patient’s susceptibility to infection. The present study was therefore planned to evaluate the effectiveness and outcomes of the single dose of antibiotics in patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy. Aim of the study is whether a single dose of antibiotic in laparoscopic appendectomy is sufficient. Materials and Methods: The retrospective case study was conducted in Department of General Surgery, Dhiraj Hospital, SBKS, Vadodara, Gujarat, India from March 2023 -September 2023 among 50 patients scheduled for laparoscopic appendectomy. Results: Out of 50 patients, majority 80% were males and 20% were females. Most common symptom was right iliac fossa pain. Out of 50, 34 patients underwent planned laparoscopic appendectomy while 16 underwent emergency laparoscopic appendectomy. Out of 50 patients, 10 patients had SSI. In 10 patients with SSI, swab culture of the wound was done out of which 8 patients were negative and 2 patients were positive for infection. Only 10% of the patients had wound infection. Conclusion: For basic, uncomplicated acute appendicitis, single dose of prophylactic antibiotics will help in cases of laparoscopic appendectomy. There is no necessity for the post-operative administration of antibiotics.Item Study of Clinical Profile of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2024-01) Rathod, Ajaykumar M; Makwana, Divyang; Patel, Ankitkumar A; Bamaniya, Gaytri H; Gummadi, Sathwik; Chaudhary, TarunBACKGROUND: Atrial Fibrillation is the most commonly encountered irregular heart beat (arrhythmia) in our population, and it is the disordered supraventricular (atria) event characterized by irregular heart rhythm. Therefore, the role of clinical profile in atrial fibrillation patient needs to be further discussed. In order to analysis the above issue, our study investigated the association between stroke patient and their clinical profile. METHOD: The study included 50 patient admitted in the Iccu and fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The study consists of history taking, clinical examination and biochemical assay and radiological examimation. Study subjects were selected after obtaining consent. Patient were managed according to standard guidlines. RESULTS: Most common symptom in our study was palpitation. Most common etiology was Coronary heart disease. Most common Class of drugs used in treatment were B-blockers, followed by anti-arrhythmic. Heart failure was the commonest complication seen, followed by Cardiogenic shock. Mortality was observed in patients with complications, while no mortality was observed in uncomplicated patients. Conclusion: Male patients were more common than female patients. Most common symptom in our study was palpitation. Most common etiology was more commonly seen in younger age group. Valvular etioligy was more commonly seen in younger age group. Most common valvular abnormality was mitral stenosis. Paroxysmal AF was the most common type of AF. Paroxysmal AF was mostly seen in patient with new onset AF while persitent was seen in old onset Most common class of drug used in treatment were B-blockers, followed by anti arrythmic. Heart failure was the commonest complication seen, followed by cardiogenic shockItem Fundal Pressure Practice in the Late Second Stage of Labor Amongst the Healthcare Practitioners a Survey Based Study(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2024-01) Shukla, Mauli K.; Doshi, Haresh U.; Singh, Kanupriya M.BACKGROUND- Caesarean rates have increased considerably in present times. Obstetricians are performing lesser instrumental deliveries in second stage of labour due to less training and skills and fear of litigations. Uterine fundal pressure is pressure applied to a woman’s uterine fundus in the direction of the vagina during the second stage of labour with intention to promote or accelerate the time of vaginal birth. METHODS- The study was a questionnaire – based study that was carried out via google survey forms. The survey was conducted amongst 700 Obstetricians from all over India via Google forms and we received 663 replies. The survey comprised of 8 questions which include practice of fundal pressure, who gives it, success rate, station at which it was given, its use along with instrumental delivery, use of episiotomy, complications if any and lastly the number of contractions for which the fundal pressure was employed by different obstetricians. RESULTS- Fundal pressure was practiced by majority (94.9 %) either regularly or sometimes. Only few 5.1% doctors never used it. Most of the times, it was given by a healthcare worker (55.8%). Nearly one fourth of them (40%) achieved more than 70 % of success rate for vaginal deliveries. Large number of doctors, (56%) were giving fundal pressure at crowning. During instrumental deliveries 55.4 % practiced fundal pressure. Episiotomy was commonly employed (68.2%) before giving fundal pressure. There were no major complications during the procedure, except small perineal or vaginal tears. Half of the respondents practiced fundal pressure up to 3 to 4 contractions. CONCLUSION – In cases of prolonged second stage, fetal distress, failure to progress and maternal exhaustion, fundal pressure is often used to assist vaginal birth. This shortens the second stage & reduces the need for instrumental deliveries or LSCS & improves perinatal outcome. In majority cases fundal pressure gives good results in achieving vaginal deliveries. Very few cases have adverse maternal outcomes in the form of perineal tears.Item Metronidazole Induced Reversible Cerebellar Toxicity – a Case Report of Uncommon Side Effects of Commonly Used Drug(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2024-07) Rathwa, Shubham; Chauhan, Sanket; Thakor, Vishal; Pranami, HarshBackground :Pyogenic liver abscesses carry significant morbidity and mortality and can be difficult to treat, typically requiring drainage and broad-spectrum antibiotics to resolve. Antibiotic regimens will often take several weeks to months after drainage to clear the infection, which can put patients at significant risk for developing serious side effects from long term medication toxicity Metronidazole is a widely used antibiotic against bacteria And protozoan infections. Even though the therapeutic use of the drug is high, it is associated with some severe side effects like neurotoxicity such as optic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy and cerebella toxicity. History :We present a case of a 56-years male presented with dysarthria, who had positive cerebellar sign . Conclusion The magnetic resonance imaging findings suggestive of metronidazole induced cerebellar toxicity following metronidazole therapy for six months in a case of liver abscess. And, the symptoms resolved after cessation of metronidazoleItem Amyloidosis of Bladder and Ureter – A Case Report(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2024-07) Savalia, Charmi; Kanhere, ShubhadaIntroduction :Theamylodosis is a disorder of protein confirmation and metabolism in which insoulable fibrils are deposited extracellularly in body organs causing organ dysfunction and death. It is associated with inherited and inflammatory disorders. Primary amyloidosis of bladder and ureter is a rare disease and easily confused with neoplasm. Hematuria, irritative or obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms and cystitis-like manifestations are the common clinical presentation. History :Presenting a case of 61 year old male patient having gross heamturia and irritative urinary tract symptoms. Conclusion On radiology there is a wall thickening of bladder with calcification and wall thickening of right lower ureter. Biopsy was sent to histopathology department and histopathological examination demonstrated amyloidosis of bladder and ureter.Item A Case Control Study for Diagnostic Significance of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) & Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Total Creatine Kinase (CK) Level in Meningitis(FORUM: Fraternity of national Research & pUblication Society of Medical sciences, 2024-07) Parmar, Nikita; Makwana, ManishaIntroduction : Meningitis is the most common sequalae to microbial invasion of the CNS. Neurological sequalae are serious and rather common among survivors. Meningitis disturbs the blood brain barrier (BBB) and is expected to cause rise in enzymatic activity. For that reason some enzymes are used for the diagnosis in cases of meningitis. Since prompt and precise etiological diagnosis remains a challenge and often a thorough cerebrospinal fluid examination may not give a precise diagnosis, a quick and reliable test is required for rapid bedside diagnosis. This study was planned to find out the role of diagnostic significance of CSF & serum LDH & Total CK levels in meningitis. AIM : Diagnostic significance of CSF & serum LDH & Total CK levels in meningitis. Objectives : To measure and estimate the level of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) & Serum LDH & Total CK in pyogenic meningitis and tuberculous meningitis. Material and methods : This Case control study was carried out at Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Medical College Baroda and Sir Sayajirao General (S.S.G.) Hospital, Vadodara. Approval of Institute’s Scientific Review Committee and Ethical Clearance were obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee for Human Research, Medical College Baroda and S.S.G. Hospital, Vadodara. 30 diagnosed patients of Meningitis and 30 patients who were operated under spinal anesthesia (Patient who met with an accident without any major illness) between the age group of 18 to 60 years were enrolled in my study. Detailed history and record findings of examination were done as per proforma and data were recorded in proforma sheet. For laboratory investigation , 5 ml blood sample by venipunture was taken in plain vacutainer and 1 ml CSF sample by lumber puncture were collected in plain vacutainer. Blood and CSF samples were processed in clinical chemistry laboratory and tests were performed .Results: As defined in materials and methods, the study group consisted of 30 cases in group I (Clinically diagnosed cases of meningitis) and 30 age & sex matched controls in group II (Patients undergoing surgery under spinal anesthesia from Ortho and Surgery i.e patients with accidents were taken as Control).Statistical analyses were done by using unpaired Student’s t-test to find out significance of difference between two groups. The Mean ± SD of S. LDH ,CSF LDH, S. Total CK , CSF Total CK in group I and group II, were 232.10 ± 27.79 (161.0 – 280.1) IU/L, 248.68 ± 44.48 ( 148.0 – 320.8 ) IU/L, 201.34 ± 19.84 (167.8 – 236.7) IU/L, 31.80 ± 9.44 (18.2 – 56.0) IU/L, 140.01 ± 13.92 ( 115.2 – 167.0 ) IU/L, 35.73 ± 10.40 (18.9 – 66.9) IU/L, 115.87 ± 52.52 (29.0 – 198.0) IU/L, 7.89 ± 3.61 (3.9 -17.0) IU/L, respectively. There was statically significant difference found between these two groups. (P < 0.0001). The Mean ± SD of S. LDH , CSF LDH, S. Total CK , CSF Total CK in Pyogenic meningitis and Tuberculous meningitis in group I were 233.45 ± 30.43 (161 – 280.1) IU/L, 251.36 ± 46.66 (148.0 – 320.8 ) IU/L, 202.93 ± 19.70 ( 167.8 – 230.0) IU/L, 33.76 ± 9.80 ( 18.2 – 56.0 ) IU/L, 227.68 ± 17.54 ( 198.5 – 244.0 ) IU/L, 239.88 ± 38.20 (180.0 – 286.0 ) IU/L, 196.10 ± 20.93 (175.9 – 236.7 ) IU/L, 25.37 ± 3.92 (19.8 – 30.4) IU/L, respectively. There was statistically significant difference was not found in between Pyogenic meningitis and Tuberculous meningitis. (P > 0.05). Conclusion : This study was carried out to measure the levels of Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Total Creatine Kinase (CK) in serum and Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with meningitis. LDH and Total CK in serum and CSF may not be useful in differentiating types of meningitis but it may act as a corroborative evidence of meningitis. So along with routine CSF parameters CSF LDH and Total CK level may add in the diagnosis of meningitis