International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/149602

Editor: Prof. M. S. Bhatia

ISSN: 0975 – 1491; (Print)

Frequency: 3 issues a year

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.ijppsjournal.com/index.htm

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 508

CRISPR-CAS9-MEDIATED EX VIVO GENE EDITING FOR INHERITED HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS: ADVANCEMENTS, CHALLENGES, AND CLINICAL POTENTIAL
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-09) PANDA, AR; DAS, S.
Global healthcare systems have a great challenge in the form of inherited hematological diseases, which necessitates the development of new remedial strategies. By precisely targeting inherited abnormalities, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated ex vivo gene editing has surfaced as a promising approach to treat these diseases. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the advancements, challenges, and clinical eventuality of CRISPR-Cas9-intermediated ex vivo gene editing for inherited hematological diseases. With advancements in CRISPR-Cas9 technology, the eventuality to correct inheritable mutations responsible for inherited hematological diseases is within reach. However, challenges such as off-target effects, immune responses, and ethical considerations need to be addressed for the safe and effective perpetration of this technology. A promising understanding of how CRISPR-Cas9-intermediated gene editing functions in practice is handed by ongoing clinical studies, giving rise to the possibility of advanced remedial approaches and bettered patient issues. By addressing these complications in a human-readable format, this review attempts to provide greater understanding and appreciation for the eventuality of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in revolutionizing the treatment landscape for these challenging disorders and contribute to the ongoing discussion in the field and facilitate further exploration towards effective treatments for these challenging disorders.
A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON ANTIBIOTIC USAGE TRENDS, RISK FACTORS AND 28 DAYS MORTALITY RATE ASSOCIATED WITH VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA AMONG MEDICAL ICU PATIENTS: INSIGHTS FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-08) PARTHASARATHY, R; SUNNY, AA.
Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the antibiotic usage, risk factors and mortality associated with the development of VAP (Ventilator Associated Pneumonia). Methods: An open–labelled, prospective, observational (case-control) study was carried out for 6 mo in the Department of Critical Care Medicine. Initial screening was done based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and 58 patients were found eligible. The statistical analysis was done using the Chi-Square test and t-test. Results: The incidence of VAP in our study was 6.07%. Prolonged hospitalisation (p=0.00) and ICU stay (p=0.00) showed a statistically significant association with the development of VAP and they possessed a high risk of carbapenem-resistant organisms in the age group more than 60 years. Colistin therapy alone and/or combined with tigecycline therapy showed 100% survival. SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) scoring done before and after VAP diagnosis showed a significant difference (p<0.005). Our study revealed that mortality was high in patients with SOFA score range of 7-9. Conclusion: The lower incidence of VAP points out the good infection control practices in the ICU (Intensive Care Unit). Late-onset VAP was more prevalent with Acinetobacter baumannii. Prolonged hospitalization and ICU stay were the significant risk factors. Colistin therapy alone and/or in combination with tigecycline was the most effective treatment.
BIOREMEDIATION OF SANITARY NAPKIN BY CELLULOSE-DEGRADING BACTERIA
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-08) PANICKER, S; LOHAKANE, R; KUNDALIY, R.
Objective: This research aims to isolate cellulase-producing microbes from ruminants and investigate their potential for bioremediation of organic wastes, like sanitary napkins. Organic waste management is a critical environmental challenge, and bioremediation offers a sustainable approach for waste treatment. Ruminant animals possess a unique microbial population in their digestive systems that can efficiently degrade cellulose, a major component of sanitary napkins. Methods: In this study, samples of garden soil, cow dung, buffalo dung, and dumping yard soil were collected and screened for cellulase-producing microbes using Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) agar medium. Subsequently, the cellulase-producing microbes were employed in the whattman filter paper degradation and their capacity to degrade the cellulose in it by performing a DNSA assay. Furthermore, these isolates were employed in the bioremediation process to degrade sanitary napkins. Thereafter, we prepared various consortia of the isolates to check if it led to better degradation of sanitary napkins. Results: The results demonstrated the successful isolation of cellulase-producing microbes from all the samples using CMC agar medium and were labeled as Isolates 1, 2, 3, 4, G, and D. In the filter paper degradation assay, isolate 3 produced the highest amount of reducing sugar from 0.1 g of cellulose, followed by isolate G, indicating the highest cellulase or FPase activity among all isolates. Additionally, these isolates exhibited promising potential for the degradation of sanitary napkins. Tube with isolate 3 had the highest concentration of reducing sugar and the lowest dry weight of sanitary napkin, followed by isolate G. Isolates 3 and G showed promising results as compared to the other isolates, but isolated 3 had an antagonistic effect when it was used with other isolates in the consortium. In contrast, isolate G showed synergistic effects in the consortium, and G+D showed the highest degradation of sanitary napkins. Conclusion: This research contributes a microbial-based bioremediation approach to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly strategies for waste management.
PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOOLIGOSACCHARIDE HYDROLYSATE PREPARED FROM CHITOSANASE ENZYME OF MARINE ISOLATES
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-08) VANATHI, P.
Objective: The present study was carried out to develop an enzymatic hydrolysate with unique biological properties targeting diabetic foot ulcers. Methods: Chitosanase-producing organisms were isolated and used to create chitooligosaccharide hydrolysate. Various techniques, such as FTIR, NMR, and X-ray diffraction, were used. Antimicrobial activity was tested using disc diffusion and well diffusion methods. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined through the Chitooligosaccharide-Broth Dilution Method. Results: The study identified marine mud samples and isolated S9, S15, and SF12 as significant sources of chitosanase production. The partially purified chitosanolytic enzymes produced by these isolates were hydrolyzed in a 1% chitosan solution at 180 °C, revealing more prominent antimicrobial activity. The Chitooligosaccharide Hydrolysate (COS) preparation was fixed at 45 °C, pH 5.5, for 180 min. The chitosanase enzyme was soluble in four solvents and insoluble in ethanol, acetone, and diethyl ether. All COS hydrolysates prepared showed antimicrobial activity against foot ulcer pathogens, Pseudomonas sp., and Candida albicans. S9 COS showed higher activity than SF12 hydrolysates against foot ulcer pathogens. The COS hydrolysate showed significantly stronger antimicrobial activities than chitosan and chitosanase. Conclusion: The present study concludes that COS hydrolysate and its biological functions are applicable for diabetic foot ulcer treatment. Further investigation into the efficacy of COS against diverse infectious pathogens is needed.
INSTAPRESERVETM: AN ALTERNATIVE FIXATIVE TO FORMALIN AND SUITABLE FOR HISTOPATHOLOGY
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-08) VANGALA, RK; VANGALA, AB; KANUKOLLU, S; MS., P; REDDY, C. N; S., A; P., J; NAIR, J; NAIR, PN; MURUGAIAN, EE.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of InstaPRESERVETM for replacing formalin in histopathology. Methods: Tissue from seven organs from a pig was fixed with InstaPRESERVETM and formalin for 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. Microtome sections at three time points were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and evaluated for intactness, and nuclear and cytoplasmic staining. Scoring was done based on their quality. Results: Gross findings were well appreciated for the tissue specimens fixed with InstaPRESERVETM compared to formalin. Unlike formalin, discoloration was lesser and the rigidity was mild to firm with InstaPRESERVETM fixation. The penetration rate of InstaPRESERVETM was equivalent to formalin and the morphology and intactness were well preserved. The nuclear and cytoplasmic H and E staining intensity of InstaPRESERVETM fixed tissues was comparable to formalin fixation. Conclusion: The promising results from InstaPRESERVETM fixed tissues of pig organs are encouraging. This preliminary study is positive on replacing formalin in routine histopathology thus preventing the pathology laboratory personnel from occupational hazards. Further studies with human specimens are required to escalate InstaPRESERVETM to medical histopathology.
ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF ARSENICUM ALBUM IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-12) A, M; S, B; S, V; AT, SV; MS, U; A, V; TM, K.
Objective: In India, homeopathic medicines derived from arsenic trioxide, such as Arsenicum album (A. album), are used to treat COVID-19. Many of the Arsenicum album's adverse events during the COVID treatment led to drug discontinuation. Nonetheless, Ayurvedic, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopathic (AYUSH) medicine prescribes it. Researching Arsenicum album's toxicity is now essential since it will help decide whether or not the drug can be utilized during treatment. Methods: Acute oral toxicity was performed in Wistar Albino Rats to find out the effects of Arsenicum album in various organs. Rats were divided into three groups: Group A (control), Group B (Arsenicum album 1000?l/100g) and Group C (2000?l/100g). A Single bolus dose of Arsenicum album was given orally and the study period was conducted for 14 d. The rats were subsequently sacrificed on the 15th d and biochemical and histopathological studies were done. Results: The acute oral toxicity study showed median Lethal dose (LD50) was greater than 2000?l/100g for Arsenicum album. Biochemical analysis showed a significant increase in HDL level in Group C (2000?l/100g) compared to Group A (control) and Group B (1000?l/100g). [P<0.05]. Blood glucose, when compared to Group A (control) is increased in both groups B and C but statistically not significant (p>0.05). When compared to Group A (control) there is no significant change in blood urea level in Groups B and C (p>0.05). Serum creatinine is increased in Groups B and C compared to Group A (control) but statistically not significant (p>0.05). LDL cholesterol is increased in groups B and C compared to Group A (control) but statistically not significant (p>0.05). Macroscopic examination of the organs of Group B and C revealed no abnormalities when compared with the organs of Group A (control). Histopathological analysis showed mild hepatocellular and renal toxicity in Groups B and C with extensive hemorrhages and periportal lymphocytic infiltrates.
PROBIOTIC AND ?-LACTAM SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM TRADITIONALLY FERMENTED PRODUCTS OF MEGHALAYA
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-12) GHOSH, R; RAI, AK; JOSHI, SR.
Objective: The present study aimed to isolate, identify, and analyze the probiotic properties and ?-lactam sensitivity in the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) prevalent in Tungtap and Lung-seij, common traditionally fermented ethnic products throughout Meghalaya. Methods: Bacterial pure colonies were identified using conventional biochemical tests and 16S rRNA Sanger sequencing. Slightly modified standard protocols were followed for the assessment of different probiotic properties. Results: The selected LAB isolates were found Gram-positive, catalase, and oxidase-negative and exhibited resistance to most of the ?-lactam antibiotics used in this study. No significant antibacterial activity was shown against tested strains. However, they showed strong bile salt and acid tolerance, as well as high auto aggregation and moderate hydrophobicity properties, which represent their probiotics properties. Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) yield was highest for the TT2 isolate, while TT10 showed maximal siderophore production. Biofilm formation varied, with BS2 and BS5 showing strong adherence. Sequencing results confirm that the majority of the isolates belonged to the Lactiplantibacillus and Ligilactibacillus genera. Moreover, further genetic analysis confirmed the presence of ?-lactamase genes in the selected isolates. Conclusion: The presence of these genes suggests that the isolates may become reservoirs for Antimicrobial Resistance Genes (ARG) in traditional fermented foods. Further study is required to establish whether the isolates are transmitting their antimicrobial resistance genes during co-culture under different stress conditions and transportation.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF MIMOSA PUDICA ON SWISS ALBINO MOUSE
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-08) BASUMATARY, H; BORDOLOI, P; DEKA, D.
Objective: To evaluate the acute anti-inflammatory activity of Aqueous Extract of Mimosa pudica (AEMP) on carrageenan-induced paw edema on Swiss albino mouse and to compare the histopathology findings of control, standard and treated Paws of mouse. Methods: 24 Albino mice (20±2g) were divided into 6 groups. Anti-inflammatory activity using carageenan-induced paw edema method were measured at various intervals on Day 1 followed by histopathological examination of paw. Aspirin was taken as the standard drug, three different doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) of AEMP were taken as test drug. Left paw of mouse was considered as control. Statistical analyses were done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests, p-value<0.05 was considered for significant difference. Results: AEMP showed significant anti-inflammatory activity at all doses (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) when compared to carrageenan-induced group. The study showed that test drug AEMP at the dose of 400 mg/kg produced maximum reduction of paw edema at 4 h. The reduction in paw edema of mice was lower in the 1 h and showed maximum reduction at 4 h. The AEMP significant (p?0.05) anti-inflammatory activities in a dose-dependent manner to that of the standard drug Aspirin. Conclusion: The study suggests that AEMP has anti-inflammatory property and can be used in the treatment of pain. However, further study is necessary in this regard.
POINT PREVALENCE SURVEY OF ANTIMICROBIAL CONSUMPTION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF NORTH EAST INDIA
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-12) BORAH, M; KHANIKAR, D; CHAKRABORTY, SS; CHARKRABORTY, A; DEVI, D; DUDHRAJ, V; BAHL, A.
Objective: The study was conducted to quantify antimicrobial utilization and determine the patterns of antibiotic use in Indoor patients and ICUs of the hospital. Methods: The Point Prevalent Survey (PPS) was conducted in a core “National Antimicrobial Consumption Network site” as a part of the National Centre for Disease Control-WHO project “Point prevalence survey of antimicrobial consumption at healthcare facilities.” The study was conducted as per the “WHO Methodology for PPS on Antibiotic use in hospitals” in March, 2022. Altogether, 1396 eligible patients were admitted during the survey period, and 1109 patients were included in the survey. Data were collected using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire in separate hospital, ward and patient forms. Results: The prevalence of antibiotic use during the study was 79.44%. On an average, 1.39 antibiotics were in use per patient and only a minor fraction of (1.5%) patients received definitive therapy. Parenteral route of administration (92.72%) was mostly used for administration of antibiotics. The most common indication for antibiotic use was found to be surgical prophylaxis (30.66%). There were 154 antibiotic prescriptions in the 'Not Recommended' category. Double gram negative and double anaerobic cover accounted for 25% and 8.3% respectively of the total prescriptions. Conclusion: Empirical use of antibiotics is common and lack of utilisation of antimicrobial susceptibility testing services requires urgent interventions. Routine monitoring of antibiotic use is recommended to improve the current scenario of antimicrobial consumption.
ENHANCING FLUCONAZOLE SOLUBILITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY THROUGH SOLID DISPERSION TECHNIQUES: EVALUATION OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 6000 AND SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE SYSTEMS USING FIBER OPTICS
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-12) HATTALI, WSA; SAMUEL, BA; PHILIP, AK.
Objective: The triazole antifungal fluconazole is widely used for treating mycotic infections, but its efficacy is limited by its poor aqueous solubility and low dissolution rate, leading to reduced oral bioavailability. This study aimed to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of fluconazole using solid dispersion techniques with Polyethylene Glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) and Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) as carriers. Methods: Solid dispersions were prepared using the fusion method, and their physicochemical properties were evaluated against physical mixtures and pure drug samples. Results: The solid dispersion showed a significant increase in the dissolution rate, achieving 89.01% drug release in 180 min compared to 40.3% for the pure drug (p<0.0032) and 84.1% for the physical mixture (p<0.0453). The encapsulation efficiency of the solid dispersion was 39.24%, with a drug loading capacity of 19.62%. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the stability of the drug within the dispersion, while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed amorphous particles, indicating enhanced solubility. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the solid dispersion of fluconazole with PEG 6000 and SCMC significantly improves its dissolution rate and flow properties, providing a promising strategy for enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs.
SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF A COUMARIN SCHIFF-BASE FOR IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-12) SHET, S; BV, S.
Objective: 44 novel Schiff bases of aminated 4-methylumbelliferones were designed and subjected to in silico evaluation of activity against S. aureus, with Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFR) as the target. The top-scoring compounds (as per binding affinities) were subjected to drug-likeness and ADMET evaluation. Overall assessment of the binding affinities, drug-likeness and ADMET profile (especially toxicity) suggested that the derivative, BVSSS22 was found to be the most promising Schiff base (even when compared to the standard, Trimethoprim). Hence, the objective was to synthesize BVSSS22 and evaluate it for in vitro activity against S. aureus. Methods: BVSSS22 was synthesized, characterized via melting point, TLC, and spectral data acquisition (ATR-IR, NMR, and HRMS), and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against S. aureus using the agar-well diffusion method, with Trimethoprim as the standard (n=3). Results: BVSSS22 was successfully characterized, and the in vitro antibacterial assay showed that BVSSS22 possessed zones of inhibition, where at 400 µg/ml, the zone of inhibition was slightly less than that of trimethoprim (18.33±0.57 mm v/s 17.33±1.15 mm). Conclusion: The results show that BVSSS22 is a potent and safe drug candidate for anti-S. aureus action. However, it can be evaluated at a concentration higher than 400 µg/ml or undergo further structural optimization to enhance its in vitro potency to surpass that of Trimethoprim.
AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY IN DIABETES PATIENTS ON METFORMIN THERAPY AND THE ROLE OF VITAMIN B-12 SUPPLEMENTATION
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-12) PASUPULATI, H; SWATHI, B; TAHSEEN, S; ANWER, MS; SANDHYA, R; FATHIMA, S; FATIMA, SA.
Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients on metformin therapy using the Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN-4) scale, explore the relationship between long-term metformin use and serum vitamin B-12 levels, and identify how metformin contributes to neuropathy. Additionally, it seeks to raise awareness about the importance of vitamin B-12 monitoring and supplementation for improving patient quality of life. Methods: An observational study was conducted involving diabetes patients on metformin therapy. Data were collected on patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and vitamin B-12 levels. Peripheral neuropathy was assessed using the DN-4 questionnaire. Correlations between metformin duration, dosage, vitamin B-12 levels, and neuropathy prevalence were analyzed. Results: The results indicated that the majority of the study population were male (61.2%) and aged 51-60 years (41.8%), with a majority proportion residing in urban areas (74%). A significant finding was that Peripheral neuropathy was prevalent in 44.8% of patients, with 51.5% exhibiting vitamin B-12 deficiency. Furthermore, the study identified a high prevalence of peripheral neuropathy with a significant correlation between longer metformin use and increased neuropathy (r =0.9372), additionally, a strong negative correlation between metformin dosage and Vitamin B-12 levels (r=-0.9189) highlighted the risk of deficiency with higher doses. Conclusion: The study underscores the critical role of monitoring and supplementing vitamin B-12 in diabetes patients on metformin therapy to mitigate peripheral neuropathy. Regular screening and proactive supplementation could potentially reduce neuropathic complications associated with long-term metformin use.
OPTIMIZING TRANSDERMAL PATCH FORMULATION FOR ENHANCED DELIVERY OF RIVAROXABAN: A COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS APPROACH
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-12) NADENDLA, RR; PRIYANKA, PVLN.
Objective: To optimize Trans Dermal Patches (TDPs) of rivaroxaban using Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP K30) and Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose E50(HPMC E50) as hydrophilic polymers, Propylene Glycol(PG) as a plasticizer, and permeation enhancer. Methods: TDPs were crafted using a solvent casting technique with a 2-level, 3-factor factorial design. These patches were assessed for thickness, folding endurance, in vitro drug release, drug content, and moisture uptake and loss. An 8-stage diffusion cell apparatus facilitated in vitro drug release testing. The independent variables were HPMC E50, PVP K30, and PG. The change in the concentration of these independent variables resulted in the optimization of the transdermal patch. The dependent variables were the thickness, folding endurance, and in vitro diffusion. Results: The patch thickness ranged from 0.311±0.3 to 0.334±0.6. Folding endurance ranged from 58±0.7 92±6. The in vitro drug release ranged from 52.36% to 95.58%. The percentage drug content ranged from 83.58±0.4 to 95.26±0.5. The percentage of moisture content absorbed ranged from 21.36±0.13% to 25.54±0.26%. The percentage of moisture lost ranged from 1.01% to 2.31%. Conclusion: PG increased the release of rivaroxaban because it permeated the membrane. HPMC E50 is highly soluble. Thus, rivaroxaban patches are potentially suitable transdermal drug delivery systems.
TO EVALUATE THE ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF ZIZIPHUS JUJUBE IN SWISS ALBINO MOUSE
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-08) DEKA, N; BORDOLOI, P; DEKA, D.
Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the anti-epileptic potential of Hydroalcoholic (30:70) Extracts of leaves of Ziziphus jujube (HELZJ) in Maximal Electroshock Seizure (MES) induced convulsions and to compare its efficacy with standard drug-phenytoin for MES method. Methods: Different doses of HELZJ were separately administered orally to 4 groups (total 20 numbers) of Swiss albino mice (20±2 g). Phenytoin was used as positive control. After 30 min, tonic-clonic seizures were induced by MES method. Animals were monitored for 1 hour and different parameters, including decrease in duration of tonic hind limb flexion, tonic hind limb extension, clonus and postictal depression, were noted. Results were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison post hoc test. The significant difference was established when probability value (p-value) was less than 0.05. Results: The HELZJ had shown a significant anticonvulsant effect against MES-induced convulsions in Swiss albino mice mean duration of tonic hind limb extension of both the test groups, T1(1.50±3.21) and T2 (0.17±0.41) were significantly reduced compared to the control group (12.50±3.54). Conclusion: The HELZJ contains the phenolic compounds which may induce the Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) transmission that could be attributed to the anti-epileptic activity.
TECHNICAL AND PATENT PERSPECTIVE ON FILM FORMING TOPICAL SPRAYS
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-12) DEHGHAN, MH; RAJPUT, SP.
Film-forming systems were a viable option for topical and transdermal medication administration in the present study. Medication administered via the skin serves two purposes: topical treatment of skin disorders and transdermal drug absorption into the circulation. Apart from the ease of self-administration, the topical route provides a broad and diverse surface and functions as a substitute for oral and hypodermic injection drug delivery routes. Existing dosage forms, such as creams, patches, and ointments, have several drawbacks. In addition to being unsightly, patches can be painful to put on curved surfaces, create discomfort while peeling off, and most often cause skin irritation because of their occlusive qualities, which block sweat ducts and prevent perspiration from evaporating from the skin surface. This review encompasses the mechanism of polymers, such as ethyl cellulose and Eudragit types, plasticizers, and penetration enhancers utilized in film formation. Overall, polymeric film-forming sprays exhibit substantial potential for the convenient administration of antibiotics and antiseptics to treat bacterial, fungal, and viral skin infections. The application of topical medication is thought to result in both local and systemic effects. The physicochemical characteristics of the medication and patient adherence determine how well the topical treatment works. Poor permeability and poor adherence to the skin are some of the disadvantages of conventional pharmaceutical formulations for topical and dermatological administration. The development of medication delivery technologies intended for topical administration to the skin includes the use of topical film-forming systems.
IS ONLINE SEARCH FOR MEDICATION INFORMATION WILL BECOME A NEW DIMENSION FOR NONCOMPLIANCE
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-11) P., G; CHOWDARY, CS; SANDEEP; CHANDRASEKHAR, BVS.
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of online medication information on adherence and beliefs with chronic illness. Methods: The study was carried out at a tertiary-care teaching hospital. A questionnaire was used to assess beliefs on the online information, stopped the medication without consultation, missed dose based on information on online, trust on information provided by the health care provider, type and frequency of the online search information on medications and finally, adhere to the medication regimen. Results: A total of 95 participants were interviewed and 60 participants were showed interest to participate in the study. Chronic illness conditions among them were mostly hypertension, diabetes milletus followed by asthma and COPD, renal failure, inflammation and convulsions. Seeking online health information 30% daily, 33% weekly, monthly 10%, rarely 16% never 10%. The information mostly searched around 40% of treatment options, 35% of medication information and flowed by disease symptoms, dietary advises and physical exercises. Belief on online information was 66.7% positively and 33.3 negatively. Trust on healthcare provider about medication information the complete trust 60%, somewhat trust 38.30%, not trust was 1.6%. Only 15% subjects felt difficulty to adhere to medication regimen. Conclusion: Despite of participants searching for online health information, still they have strong belief on prescription and medication adherence.
OPTIMIZING DRUG DOSING IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS WITH AUGMENTED RENAL CLEARANCE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-11) CHACHAR, M; LOKHANDE, T; KUMBHAR, A; CHAVAN, R; SHINDE, D.
Renal clearance plays a pivotal role in eliminating most administered drugs, particularly antibiotics, which is crucial for achieving therapeutic goals by maintaining plasma concentrations within the therapeutic window. Various pre-existing conditions such as renal replacement therapies, kidney or liver impairment, and enhanced excretory organ function can disrupt drug concentrations, leading to treatment failure. Augmented Renal Clearance (ARC) exacerbates this by causing rapid drug elimination, notably in critically ill patients. Consequently, careful monitoring and adjustment of drug dosages tailored to individual patient conditions and comorbidities are imperative to prevent sub-therapeutic outcomes or treatment failures. Our review highlights the necessity of dosage modifications informed by current research to optimize therapeutic outcomes in such cases. We provide a comprehensive table detailing effective antibiotics and their adjustments for ARC.
UNDERSTANDING THE BENEFITS OF STEVIA REBAUDIANA BERTONI FOR DIABETES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-11) DHARANI, B; A, S; SEBASTIAN, S.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complicated metabolic condition defined by long-term elevated blood glucose levels. This chronic hyperglycemia induces metabolic dysfunctions that cause structural and functional disruptions in the vasculature, leading to macrovascular and microvascular complications. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, commonly known as Stevia, is a perennial shrub that contains various bioactive constituents responsible for its sweetness and several other activities. Many studies on Stevia have shown that it possesses various beneficial effects on health, including being zero-calorie, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-tumor. Several studies have found that neither gastric juice nor digestive enzymes decompose stevioside. The presence of bioactive phenolic and flavonoid compounds supports Stevia's medicinal properties and its potential use in both the food/nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. A significant antioxidant capacity of Stevia has been identified recently. It can also help limit essential nutrient supply to tumor cells. Research on Stevia's effects on the human body has largely found no negative side effects. The growing body of evidence underscores Stevia's potential role in managing various health conditions, particularly for diabetic patients, due to its minimal impact on blood sugar levels. However, to fully harness its benefits and meet the increasing global demand, further scientific research is essential to optimize its cultivation, enhance its chemical constituents and ensure its safety. Overall, Stevia stands out as a promising natural sweetener with significant health benefits for diabetic patients. In this review article, we explore different aspects of Stevia and its beneficial effects on diabetic patients.
DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL SINGLE HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS SEPARATION OF MULTIPLE IMPURITIES IN DEXAMETHASONE DRUG PRODUCT
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-11) SHAH, JH; MEHTA, T; MUKHARYA, A; CHOWDHURY, AR; PATEL, A; MEVADA, S; THAKER, BT; AMETA, R.
Objective: A simple, reliable, and rapid HPLC method has been established for the detection of Dexamethasone (DEX) and its related impurities. The proposed method has been validated for specificity, linearity, system suitability, accuracy, precision, robustness, LOD, and LOQ as per International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. All parameters were found to be within the accepted limits, affirming the method's reliability. Methods: Analysis was conducted using HPLC on X-Bridge C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm id, 3.5 µm) with a mobile phase-A comprising buffer and acetonitrile (90:10, v/v), mobile phase-B comprising buffer and acetonitrile (25:75, v/v) and a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min by following gradient elution. The detection was performed with a UV detector set at 240 nm. The method has been employed to investigate DEX and DEX-related impurities. These studies were conducted in tablet formulations of DEX. Results: The Retention Time (tR) of DEX was about 41.589 min, and all parameters met acceptable limit values. The response exhibited linearity over a concentration range of 0.162 to 3.052 µg/ml (R2= 0.9999). The percentage of DEX recovered from the pharmaceutical tablet dosage form ranged from 96.3 % to 100.4 %. Sensitivity levels for the developed method were indicated by LOD and LOQ values of 0.081–0.162 µg/ml. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guideline. Conclusion: Hence, a simple, reliable, accurate, and precise HPLC method was developed, proving suitable for the separation of DEX and DEX-related impurities in commercial formulations.
PREBIOTIC EFFICACY OF DEFATTED FENUGREEK SEED FLAKES (FENUFLAKESTM): A SHORT-TERM COLONIC SIMULATION STUDY
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-11) THAKURDESAI, P; DESHPANDE, P; NIMSE, S; BHASKARAN, S; KARVE, M; RAJE, D.
Objective: To investigate the prebiotic effects of defatted fenugreek seed flakes (Fenuflakes™) using a 48-hour colonic simulation model. Methods: Fecal samples from three healthy adult human donors were exposed to treatment conditions of blank (medium control), Fenuflakes, or inulin (fiber control). The effects on microbial fermentation (pH and gas production), metabolite production [Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFAs), Branched-Chain Fatty Acid (BCFA), ammonium and lactate production], and microbial community composition were evaluated at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h. Results: In comparison to inulin, Fenuflakes demonstrated a significant reduction in gas production. Both inulin and Fenuflakes significantly increased beneficial SCFAs, but no significant change was observed in BCFA. Ammonium production increased upon Fenuflakes treatment due to a residual protein fraction reaching the colon, in contrast to inulin, which is in a protein-depleted state. The lactate levels significantly increased for Fenuflakes and inulin. The presence of Fenuflakes and inulin resulted in favorable fermentation by the colonic gut microbiota, indicating an increase in species enrichment and alpha diversity in the microbial community composition. Conclusion: Fenuflakes exhibit prebiotic potential by increasing SCFA and promoting the enrichment of several beneficial colonic bacteria while maintaining normal colonic pH and producing less gas than inulin.

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