International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/149602

Editor: Prof. M. S. Bhatia

ISSN: 0975 – 1491; (Print)

Frequency: 3 issues a year

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.ijppsjournal.com/index.htm

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2,4-Substituted Quinazoline As Jak2 Inhibitor: Docking And Molecular Dynamics Study
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2020-02) Buggana, S. J.; Paturi, M. C.; Vvs, R. P.
Objective: The involvement of Janus kinase2/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK2/STAT3) pathway reported in various solid tumors made authors study the conformational changes of JAK2-3e complex which was previously reported with a moderate percentage of In-vitro JAK2 inhibition. Methods: In this present study Compound 3e was reported with a moderate percentage of inhibition of JAK2 protein selected for performing molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies to elucidate the conformational changes with JAK2-3e complex. Docking studies were performed using ChemSketch to draw the structure of the compound and optimized/energy minimized using the Ligprep module of Schrodinger suite, employing optimized potentials for liquid simulations (OPLS-2005) force field. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed for 10 ns for complex using TIP4PEW water solvent model and neutralized by adding sodium ions. Results: Docking studies of Compound 3e which has been reported as one of the effective cytotoxic agents and a moderate percentage of In-vitro JAK2 inhibition among the series, showed H-bond interaction with leucine 855, serine936, aspartine994. Dock score and Ligand binding energy with protein suggested compound 3e has shown-4.049,-66.003 kcal/mol respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations elucidated the mechanistic insight of JAK-2 inhibition. The Root means square deviation (RMSD) pattern of both protein and ligands in the JAK2-3e complex observed to be different over 10 ns simulation. In the JAK2-3e complex, an exponential increase in RMSD of Cα and side-chain amino acids is observed during the first 1-3 ns simulation and is stabilized till 10 ns. During the 10 ns simulation, ligand 3e seems to be stable in the complex with an overall deviation<1 Å, despite a drastic increase between 1-3 ns. The ligand RMSD plot suggests that the ligand 3e remained intact within the binding site of the protein and longer time period simulation may elucidate the binding pattern and fate of ligand 3e. Conclusion: Results from molecular dynamics simulations elucidated the mechanistic insight of JAK-2 inhibition by 2, 4 disubstituted quinazoline compound that is N’(2-(4-nitrophenyl)quinazoline-4-yl) isonicotinohydrazide) and their binding phenomenon. Molecular docking studies further supported the elucidation of binding patterns of the molecules in the JAK-2 protein environment. Further simulations with a longer time period may provide deeper insights into ligand interactions in the protein environment. It is noteworthy to use compound 3e as a new scaffold for further development of multifunctional compounds.
2d And 3d-Qsar Analysis Of Amino (3-((3, 5-Difluoro-4-Methyl-6-Phenoxypyridine-2-Yl) Oxy) Phenyl) Methaniminium Derivatives As Factor Xa Inhibitor
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2019-02) Suhane, S.; Nerkar, A. G.; Modi, K.; Sawant, S. D.
Objective: The main objective of the present study was to evolve a novel pharmacophore of methaniminium derivatives as factor Xa inhibitors by developing best 2D and 3D QSAR models. The models were developed for amino (3-((3, 5-difluoro-4-methyl-6-phenoxypyridine-2-yl) oxy) phenyl) methaniminium derivatives as factor Xa inhibitors. Methods: With the help of Marvin application, 2D structures of thirty compounds of methaniminium derivatives were drawn and consequently converted to 3D structures. 2D QSAR using multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis and PLS regression method was performed with the help of molecular design suite VLife MDS 4.3.3. 3D QSAR analysis was carried out using k-Nearest Neighbour Molecular Field Analysis (k-NN-MFA). Results: The most significant 2D models of methaniminium derivatives calculated squared correlation coefficient value 0.8002 using multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. Partial Least Square (PLS) regression method was also employed. The results of both the methods were compared. In 2D QSAR model, T_C_O_5, T_2_O_2, s log p, T_2_O_1 and T_2_O_6 descriptors were found significant. The best 3D QSAR model with k-Nearest Neighbour Molecular Field Analysis have predicted q2 value 0.8790, q2_se value 0.0794, pred r2 value 0.9340 and pred_r2 se value 0.0540. The stepwise regression method was employed for anticipating the inhibitory activity of this class of compound. The 3D model demonstrated that hydrophobic, electrostatic and steric descriptors exhibit a crucial role in determining the inhibitory activity of this class of compounds. Conclusion: The developed 2D and 3D QSAR models have shown good r2 and q2 values of 0.8002 and 0.8790 respectively. There is high agreement in inhibitory properties of experimental and predicted values, which suggests that derived QSAR models have good predicting properties. The contour plots of 3D QSAR (k-NN-MFA) method furnish additional information on the relationship between the structure of the compound and their inhibitory activities which can be employed to construct newer potent factor Xa inhibitors.
2D-QSAR STUDY ON SOME NOVEL DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE-4-CARBONITRILE ANALOGS AS AN ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2023-03) PATEL, RIDDHI; PASHA, T. Y.; PATEL, SANDIP
Objective: The present study was designed to study the antifungal activity of Dihydropyrimidine-4-Carbonitrile analogs against the fungi Candida albicans by a 2D quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model.Methods: The pyrimidine derivatives were produced using lipophilic, electronic, and steric parameters by Quantitative Structure Activity-Relationships (QSAR). A relationship between dependent and independent variables (biological activities and physicochemical descriptors, respectively) was resolved statistically using regression analysis. The F value shows the level of statistical significance of the regression (r2) was used to report the fitness of data. The newly synthesized derivatives were evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicansby Nutrient agar and Seaboard dextrose agar media.Results: Multiple linear regression is a method of crucial importance, it allowed us to obtain a relation between the calculated parameters and the antifungal activity; this we can interpret the variance of the activity by contribution to the calculated descriptors. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model showing a significant activity-descriptors relationship accuracy of 90% (R2 ? 0.90) and activity prediction accuracy of 81% (R²cv = 0.81). These values prove that the model obtained is reliable. Out of the three descriptors studied; log P has minimum potency, molar refractivity has more potency and heat of formation has moderate potency.Conclusion: Important structural understanding in the pattern of potent antifungal agents by Quantitative Structure Activity-Relationships (QSAR) study. The acquired physicochemical properties (electronic, topological, and steric) show the important structural features required for antifungal activity against Candida albicans.
3D PRINTING TECHNIQUE: A REVIEW ON THE APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-04) YADAV, ABHISHEK; YADAV, MANISH; YADAV, ASHISH KUMAR; MISHRA, SHWETA; JENA, JITENDRA; RAI, JITENDRA KUMAR
In the realm of pharmaceutical manufacturing, 3D printing technology stands on the brink of a transformable revolution. This article passionately explores the boundless potential of 3D printing in shaping the future of pharmaceuticals, aiming to inspire researchers. It delves into crucial aspects: an overview of 3D printings in drug development, its advantages in drug production, and the pivotal role of personalized medicine. The article also discusses the creation of patient-specific medical devices, novel drug delivery systems, and the anticipated challenges in adopting 3D printing. Real-world case studies showcase successful applications while addressing the regulatory challenges associated with 3D-printed pharmaceuticals. By bridging existing knowledge gaps, this comprehensive article acts as a guiding light for those dedicated to advancing pharmaceutical research. It empowers researchers with profound insights into this disruptive technology, fostering innovation and collaboration within the community. The untapped potential of 3D printing in pharmaceuticals is vast and promising. Together, researchers can pioneer the future of pharmaceutical manufacturing, benefiting patients globally and propelling scientific advancement. Join us in this exhilarating journey of exploration and discovery as we harness the full capabilities of 3D printing for the betterment of healthcare and the progress of science.
3d Qsar And Docking Study Of Indole Derivatives As Selective Cox-2 Inhibitors
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2019-04) Chavan, R.; More, H.
Objective: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) continue to be one of the most widely used groups of therapeutic agents. QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) approach is a very useful and widespread technique for drug design. 3D QSAR facilitates evaluation of three-dimensional molecular fields around molecules and generates a relationship of these fields' values with the activity. Methods: 3D QSAR study was performed on selected twenty-four compounds from synthesized indole derivatives using the stepwise variable selection k-nearest neighbor (kNN) molecular field analysis approach for indicating the contribution of the steric and electronic field for activity. The docking study was performed to further confirm the binding affinity of synthesized molecules (ligands) to COX-2 enzyme as well as to study binding nature. Results: Statistically significant model was generated using VLife Molecular Design Suite 3.5 software with cross-validated correlation coefficient q2 of 0.9461 and high predictive correlation coefficient (Pred_r2) of 0.8782 indicating that the model is robust. The results of docking study suggest that the synthesized compounds have a comparable binding affinity with the COX-2 enzyme. Conclusion: The present study may prove to be helpful in the development and optimization of existing indole derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents with selective COX-2 inhibition.
ACETAMINOPHEN-INDUCED TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS-A CASE SERIES
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-07) MEVADA, DHARMESH; CHABHADIYA, PRATIK; SINGH, ANIL
Acetaminophen is the most widely used over-the-counter medication for treating fever and pain. While adverse reactions to this drug are infrequent, they can occasionally result in severe and potentially fatal events, such as Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN). Due to the rarity of such reactions, there is a limited amount of information available about toxic epidermal necrolysis caused by acetaminophen. This case series will contribute to the existing knowledge in this area. In our cases, acetaminophen is the most suspected drug for the development of toxic epidermal necrolysis in patients. Causality assessment in all of these adverse drug reaction in context with World Health Organization (WHO) causality assessment scale suggests “Possible.” This case series concludes that severe hypersensitivity reactions like TEN caused by acetaminophen use and which can be potentially life-threatening which needs additional treatment.
ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF ARSENICUM ALBUM IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-12) A, M; S, B; S, V; AT, SV; MS, U; A, V; TM, K.
Objective: In India, homeopathic medicines derived from arsenic trioxide, such as Arsenicum album (A. album), are used to treat COVID-19. Many of the Arsenicum album's adverse events during the COVID treatment led to drug discontinuation. Nonetheless, Ayurvedic, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopathic (AYUSH) medicine prescribes it. Researching Arsenicum album's toxicity is now essential since it will help decide whether or not the drug can be utilized during treatment. Methods: Acute oral toxicity was performed in Wistar Albino Rats to find out the effects of Arsenicum album in various organs. Rats were divided into three groups: Group A (control), Group B (Arsenicum album 1000?l/100g) and Group C (2000?l/100g). A Single bolus dose of Arsenicum album was given orally and the study period was conducted for 14 d. The rats were subsequently sacrificed on the 15th d and biochemical and histopathological studies were done. Results: The acute oral toxicity study showed median Lethal dose (LD50) was greater than 2000?l/100g for Arsenicum album. Biochemical analysis showed a significant increase in HDL level in Group C (2000?l/100g) compared to Group A (control) and Group B (1000?l/100g). [P<0.05]. Blood glucose, when compared to Group A (control) is increased in both groups B and C but statistically not significant (p>0.05). When compared to Group A (control) there is no significant change in blood urea level in Groups B and C (p>0.05). Serum creatinine is increased in Groups B and C compared to Group A (control) but statistically not significant (p>0.05). LDL cholesterol is increased in groups B and C compared to Group A (control) but statistically not significant (p>0.05). Macroscopic examination of the organs of Group B and C revealed no abnormalities when compared with the organs of Group A (control). Histopathological analysis showed mild hepatocellular and renal toxicity in Groups B and C with extensive hemorrhages and periportal lymphocytic infiltrates.
Adherence To Essential Hypertension Treatment Guidelines In A Tertiary Hospital In Nigeria
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2020-08) Ibezim, I. C.; Naylor, I.; Isah, A.; Igboeli, N. U.
Objective: This study determined the level of prescribers’ adherence to the World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) guidelines for the management of hypertension at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Nigeria. Methods: This study employed a retrospective cross-sectional design. Two groups were used: Group A (300 patients) were treated before the guidelines review in 2003, while Group B (200 patients) were treated after. The two study groups were compared, and systolic blood pressure of 130 mm Hg or above was taken as the index of hypertension. Results: There were 198 (66%) male patients in Group A, while Group B had 136 (68%) males. The highest age for Group A was 50–59 y for 89 (30%) patients, unlike group B that had 58 (29%) patients in aged 40–49 y as the highest. The highest blood pressure range for patients in Group A was 150–159 mm Hg for 64 (21%) patients, unlike Group B that had 43 (22%) patients as the highest in the same range. Furosemide was present in 282 (24%) prescriptions for group A patients. However, atenolol was present in 61 (20%) prescriptions for the same group. In group B, Furosemide was prescribed in 197 (97%) encounters, while Nifedipine was found in 81(40%) prescriptions. Conclusion: Prescribers at LUTH complied substantially with WHO/ISH guidelines in the management of hypertension. Diuretics and beta-blockers were used before the guideline review. After the review, diuretics and calcium channel blockers were the most frequently prescribed antihypertensives.
ADVANCES IN BIOREMEDIATION AGENTS AND PROCESSES FOR REMOVAL OF PERSISTENT CONTAMINANTS FROM ENVIRONMENT
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-05) PATIL, ROSHNI; DESAI, SONAL
The development of bioremediation agents and processes-a sustainable solution to environmental pollution has advanced significantly. This is particularly valid when handling persistent pollutants such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study reviews the state-of-the-art in bioremediation technology, emphasizing the vital role that bacteria and their metabolic pathways play in the breakdown of pollutants. Microorganisms, which can be any type of fungus or bacteria, have been employed because of their unique capacity to break down a broad spectrum of contaminants. A thorough grasp of the metabolic subtleties of these bacteria is essential for optimizing bioremediation methods, especially with regard to PAH breakdown. The exploration of eco-friendly technologies, such bioaugmentation and biostimulation, emphasizes the commitment to eco-friendly approaches to environmental remediation. This review presents strong case studies and acknowledges ongoing issues to demonstrate the practical effectiveness of bioremediation. Future advancements in bioremediation-a crucial aspect of environmental management-may be possible through the combination of genetic engineering and artificial intelligence, which could assist overcome current obstacles.
ADVANCES IN COCRYSTALS OF ANTICANCER AGENTS: FORMULATION STRATEGIES AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2024-06) SINGH, APARNA; JAISWAL, VISHAKHA; BISHT, SHRADHA
Cancer remains one of the most pressing health concerns worldwide, driving continuous efforts in pharmaceutical research to develop more effective treatments. In the ever-evolving landscape of cancer therapy, cocrystals stand as promising contenders, offering enhanced solubility, stability, and bioavailability to traditional anticancer agents. Co-crystallization, a strategy emerging at the nexus of pharmaceutical and crystal engineering. From the fundamental principles of cocrystal engineering to advanced spectroscopic and crystallographic methodologies, each aspect is meticulously dissected to unveil the transformative potential of cocrystals in oncology. The review elucidates the transformative potential of cocrystals in oncology, highlighting their capacity to revolutionize drug delivery and efficacy. Recent advancements in the field are comprehensively examined, showcasing the promising role of anticancer cocrystals in paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies and improved patient outcomes. Cocrystals represent a promising avenue in cancer therapy, offering significant enhancements to traditional anticancer agents. Through a comprehensive exploration of recent advancements, this article navigates the complex terrain of anticancer cocrystals, drug-drug cocrystals, paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies and improved patient outcomes.
AIF-1 GENE AS STRONG PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKER FOR ORAL CANCER
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2023-09) TANDON, DIVYA
Objective: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), which is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer across the globe caused by cigarette smoking, smokeless tobacco use, excessive and extreme alcohol use, oral trauma, HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) infection as well as genetic mutations. AIF-1(Allograft Inflammatory Factor) has been identified as an inflammatory response modulator, and its increased expression has been linked to carcinogenesis.Methods: In this study, 200 OSCC patients and 200 matched controls were compared to investigate if there was any association between the AIF-1(Allograft Inflammatory Factor) gene and the risk of cancer of oral cavity in the North Indian population. AIF-1(Allograft Inflammatory Factor) gene polymorphism rs2857595 were detected using TaqMan probe assay.Results: The findings of our study revealed that AA genotype of AIF-1(Allograft Inflammatory Factor) Gene increases the susceptibility of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. The association of AA genotype with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma is more in co-dominant model and the combination of both the mutant genotypes (AA+AG) is more significantly associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in recessive model. GG genotype of AIF-1 (Allograft Inflammatory Factor) gene comes out with a protective effect against the risk of (OSCC Squamous Cell Carcinoma). To further understand the role of AIF-1(Allograft Inflammatory Factor) polymorphism, we compared the association of genotypes with various clinicopathological characteristics of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma patients. And we found that the patients with AA genotype have a significantly higher risk of developing high-grade tumors and more nodal involvement.Conclusion: Thus, rs2857595 locus AA genotype of AIF-1(Allograft Inflammatory Factor) can be considered as important point in the development of accurate preventive approach and a prognostic indicator for oral cancer.
Alumina Catalyst: Synthesis Of Novel Quinazoline Derivatives And Their Solubility Increases Through Inclusion With Β-Cyclodextrin
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2019-02) Hossain, M.; Nanda, A. K.
Objective: To synthesis a novel methodology of bioactive quinazoline derivatives under greener process to an excellent yields and increases their solubility via inclusion with β-cyclodextrin (CD). Methods: Derivatives of quinazoline compounds were prepared by the mixture of 3-amino-2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one, derived from 2-phenyl-4H-benzo[1,3]oxazin-4-one by refluxing with hydrazine, substituted aromatic aldehyde and alumina intimately in an agate mortar and pestle under solvent-free condition. Using various techniques for preparing inclusion complexes, kneaded method is the best method for encapsulation in host-guest complex chemistry. All compounds including inclusion complexes were characterised by spectral methods. Results: Synthesized a series of novel quinazoline compounds under a very easier greener process with a commercially available reagent. However, their low bioavailability, due to low absorption and solubility, can limit their potential applications. CD was used to resolve this solubility problem. CD can easily accommodated the guest molecules to encapsulate inside its cavity due to interior the hydrophobic nature with a hydrophilic exterior part to form thermodynamically more stable molecular microcapsules, commonly name as host-guest complexes or inclusion complexes. In this sense, CD was utilized to enhance not only the solubility and bioavailability of these quinazoline compounds but also their antibacterial capacity. The formation of inclusion complex was thus confirmed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solubility study technique. Conclusion: Here we have successfully unfolded an eco-friendly methodology for the synthesis of derivatives of quinazoline and increased their solubility via host-guest inclusion technique. From the spectral analysis, it was concluded that the quinazoline compound is fully encapsulated inside the cavity of the CD.
Analgesic Activity Of Bark And Leaves Of Ficus Religiosa L. From Nepal
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2020-07) Marasini, D. R.; Pandey, J.; Sharma, L. P.; Paudel, L.; Gyawali, R.; Rokaya, R. K.; Giri, P. M.; Khadka, R. B.; Aryal, P.; Bhandari, R..
Objective: Because of adverse side effects, caused by NSAIDs, tolerance, and dependence induced by opiates, the use of these analgesic agents has not been successful in all cases. Therefore, alternative analgesic drugs from plant sources are the new target now days. The objective of this study was to evaluate the analgesic activity of ethanolic extracts of stem barks and leaves of Ficus religiosa. Methods: The analgesic activity of ethanolic extract of stem barks and leaves was evaluated in the Swiss albino mice model using acetic acid-induced writing response and Eddy’s hot plate method. Analgesic activity was demonstrated with the percentage inhibition of acetic acid induced writings and the percentage increased in latency time of paw licking. The potency of test extracts was compared with standard drug, Diclofenac. Results: Ethanolic extract of leaves and bark of F. religiosa showed potential analgesic activity from both methods. From Eddy’s hot plate model, it was observed that the percentage of increased latency time at 90 min by ethanolic extract of leaves and stem bark was found to be 70.81 % (8.54 min) and 70.78 % (8.53 min) respectively at a dose of 400 mg/kg. Both of these results are statistically significant (p<0.05) as compared to the test group. Furthermore, both of these extracts showed the dose-dependent and time-dependent increased in latency time and these results are compared to that of standard drug Diclofenac. Similarly, ethanolic extract of leaves and stem at 400 mg/kg significantly inhibited the number of writhings induced by acetic acid. The percentage inhibition of writhings by ethanolic extract of leaves at a dose of 400 mg/kg was 68.47 % which was similar to that of standard drug Diclofenac (68.47 %). However, ethanolic extract of bark showed relatively lower percentage inhibition (60.79 %) as compared to leaf extract and standard, but the result was significant as compared to that of the test group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Ethanolic extracts of F. religiosa stem bark and leaf possess both central and peripheral analgesic properties and these effects may be beneficial for the management of pain.
ANALYSIS AND CHEMICAL PROFILING OF HONEY USING 1H-NMR SPECTROSCOPY, FTIR SPECTROSCOPY AND TLC USING VARIOUS CHROMOGENIC REAGENTS FOR DERIVATIZATION
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2023-04) SAHOO, MANAS RANJAN; VARRIER, RAMESH R.; RAJENDRAN, ANITHAKUMARI
Objective: Honey is a natural sweet substance known for various health benefits and is used in many traditional medicines and dietary supplements. It contains various bioactive constituents like sugars, amino acids, polyphenols, flavonoids and various minerals. Quality control of honey is an essential part for ensuring its health benefits and therapeutic usage. In the present study, honey was analyzed by using various spectroscopic approaches and physicochemical methods.Methods: The samples of honey were analyzed by Thin-layer Chromatography (TLC) derivatization, ATR-FTIR, and 1H-NMR fingerprint and the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) were measured by Uv-Vis spectrophotometry and analysis were carried out for various physicochemical parameters of honey.Results: All the physicochemical parameters of the honey were as per the desired quality. The UV-Vis analysis was successfully used in the determination of total phenolics and flavonoid contents in the samples of honey. TLC analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, phytosterols, phenolics, sugars and carbohydrates in honey. The Thin-Layer chromatography analysis showed good resolution for various components of honey on the TLC plates. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of various functional groups characteristic of amino acids, carbohydrates and sugars, which was further supported by 1H NMR chemical profiling.Conclusion: In the present work, the application of various spectroscopic techniques and physicochemical tests were found to be useful in analysis of honey.
Analysis Of Adverse Drug Events Reported At Peripheral Adr Monitoring Centre In Gujarat
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2020-06) Rhythm; Gor, A. P.; Gajjar, B.; Dalwadi, Z.; Goyal, A.
Objective: Hospital-based ADR (Adverse drug reaction) monitoring and reporting programmes are useful for identifying and minimizing preventable ADRs and may enhance the ability of prescribers to manage ADRs more effectively. The objective of this study was to evaluate and analyze the spontaneously reported adverse drug events from various departments of Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad. Methods: This was a retrospective study and data was analyzed for adverse drug events reported during the period of April 2018 to March 2019 from various departments of Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad. Analysis was done on the basis of the demographic profile of patients, health care professionals who have reported and drugs causing ADRs, with their causality assessment using WHO probability scale. Results: Out of 36 patients, 20 (55.55%) were males and 16 (44.44%) were females. Antibiotics were the most common culprit group of drugs for reported ADRs in 21 patients. The number of ADRS related to the skin was 21 (58.33%) followed by GIT 11 (30.55%), cardiovascular 2(5.55%) and neuronal 2(5.55%). According to WHO causality assessment scale 01 (2.77%) of the suspected ADR was certain, 27(75%) were probable and 8 (22.22%) were possible. Conclusion: Our study concluded that the most commonly reported ADRs were dermatological reactions like itching and rashes. Antimicrobials were the most common drug group involved in causing ADRs. Even though there were continuous efforts for adverse drug event reporting awareness, still there is need to sensitize health care professionals to improve reporting.
Analysis Of Applicability Of Tools Of Inventory Control And Knowledge Of Hospital Pharmacists On Methods Of Inventory In The Central Pharmacy Of A Tertiary Care Hospital
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2019-08) Ashwini R., S.; Chowdry B., S.; Sannihitha B., S.; Raj V., S.; Rani N., V.; P., T.; Aiyavoo, M.
Objective: A study was conducted to analyse the applicability of the tools of inventory control of drugs, and the awareness of hospital pharmacists on the inventory tools in the central pharmacy of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Always Better Control (ABC) and High Moderate Low (HML) analysis were carried out for 4057 drugs purchased in the central pharmacy during the financial year of 2017-2018. The drugs were classified as A, B and C category based on their annual usage value and as Category High (H), Moderate (M) and low (L) drugs based on their unit price respectively. The knowledge of the 80 hospital pharmacists on the tools of inventory control was assessed using a structured questionnaire. Results: Based on ABC analysis, of 4057 drugs, 330 drugs were classified under “A” category accounting to 8.13% of the total number of drugs purchased which was 70.91 % of total annual consumption in money value. The category “B” consisted of 667 drugs accounting to 16.44% of the total number of drugs which was 20.01% of total annual money consumption. Category “C” had 3060 drugs which accounted to 75.42% of the total number of drugs purchased which reflected on 9.01% of annual money consumption. Based on HML analysis, 440 drugs (10%) had a unit price above Rs. 500 and were classified under ‘H’ category. The drugs with unit price between Rs.500 and Rs.100 were grouped as ‘M’ items. There were 695 drugs (17.13%) in ‘M’ category. The ‘L’ category consisted of 2922 drugs (72.02%) with their unit price below Rs.100. Of 80 pharmacists, 84 % had good overall knowledge on the inventory control tools and 59 participants were willing to acquire additional training on inventory control techniques. Conclusion: The study explained the need for the application of ABC and HML analysis, and the involvement of hospital pharmacists in the regular implementation of inventory analysis towards effective management of Pharmacy stores in a hospital setting.
Analysis Of Doxorubicin And Doxorubicinol In Dried Blood Spot Of Breast Cancer Patients For Monitoring The Cardiotoxicity Of Doxorubicin
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2020-04) Harahap, Y.; Amalia, S. N.; Anarta, A.; Ramadhan
Objective: This study aimed to analyze doxorubicin and doxorubicinol levels in Dried Blood Spot (DBS) from 25 breast cancer patients who received doxorubicin in their therapeutic regiment. Methods: DBS samples were extracted by protein precipitation method and analyzed using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), with the Acquity UPLC BEH C18 Waters chromatography column (2.1 x 100 mm x 1.7 μm). The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% acetic acid (eluent A) and acetonitrile (eluent B) with gradient elution; the flow rate was 0.15 ml/min and runtime, 7 min. This method was linear within the concentration range of 10–200 ng/ml for doxorubicin and 4–100 ng/ml for doxorubicinol. Result: The analysis results showed that doxorubicin levels were in the range of 11.01 ng/ml to 93.75 ng/ml and doxorubicinol was 5.80 ng/ml to 58.57 ng/ml. Conclusion: Cumulative doses of all patients were in the range of 49.11 mg/m2to 303.70 mg/m2, which have cardiomyopathy incidence rates<4%.
Analysis Of Fatty Acids From Oil Of Green Tea (CAMELLIA Sinensis L) By Gas Chromatography Coupled With Flame Ionization Detector And Its Anticancer And Antibacterial Activity In Vitro
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2019-03) Mandal, M.; Das, K.; Nandi, D. K.; Das, B.; J., S. R.
Objective: Tea is a widely consumed beverage worldwide. The effect of green tea is mainly due to its high polyphenols-(-) epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) content in the culture of cancer cell and bacterial cells. The present work was carried out to investigate the efficacy of green tea oil (GTO) against cancer cells and bacterial cells. Methods: In this study green tea oil was prepared from green tea for different experiment and determination of fatty acids profile from green tea oil. In the present study, peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) was chosen as human peripheral blood lymphocytes and blood cancer MCF-7 cells were chosen as human cancer cells. To fulfill our aims and also to evaluate the activity of this phytomedicine against normal lymphocytes and cancer cells the cell samples were divided into 26 experimental groups in the following ways. Each Petri dish contains 2 X 105 cells. Results: GTO shows a potent anticancer agent but nontoxic to normal cells. The GTO decreases the reduced glutathione (GSH) level and increase the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) level significantly (P<0.05) in MCF-7 cells. But in lymphocytes the GSH level and GSSG level were almost the same with the control group but doxorubicin (DOX) significantly decreased the GSH and increase the GSSG level. Green tea oil treatment causes generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MCF-7 cells revealed by DCFH2DA staining. Agar diffusion test shows the GTO is effective against multi-drug resistant bacteria. Conclusion: This phytomedicine has a potent anticancer activity without damaging the normal lymphocytes. So, this drug can be used for further treatment of anticancer and antibacterial.
Analysis Of Lynestrenol In Human Plasma In Vitro By High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Uv-Vis: European Medicines Agency Guideline
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2020-05) Nurfitriyana, N.; Harmita, H.; Iskandarsyah, I.
Objective: Development and validation of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method with UV-Vis detector for in vitro determination of lynestrenol with levonorgestrel as an internal standard in human plasma. Methods: The RP-HPLC method was developed using a C18 Sunfire© waters column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid in water (60:40), respectively, at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and was detected at a wavelength of 204 nm. Lynestrenol and levonorgestrel were extracted from human plasma using pentane with protein precipitation method. Results: The RP-HPLC method was able to selectively quantify lynestrenol in blood plasma on 40 ng/ml. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range 40-1000 ng/ml for lynestrenol with retention time 4.0 second, and the coefficient correlation (r) was 0.9994. Accuracy (% diff) of this method was-10.81% to 8.72% with precision (CV) being 3.84% to 8.12%, and complete recovery was established to be 98.27% to 106.49%. The method was sensitive, selective, and has simple sample preparation extraction lynestrenol in plasma with pentane was successfully developed. Conclusion: The method can be used to analyze lynestrenol in blood plasma, with a simple pretreatment procedure using pentane.
ANALYSIS OF PACKAGE INSERTS OF ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS UTILISED IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF NORTH KARNATAKA
(Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2023-05) INGALE, ANAND M.; PALABHAVI, PRIYANKA S.
Objective: To evaluate the package inserts of antimicrobial drugs utilized in a tertiary care Hospital of North KarnatakaMethods: A cross-sectional, observational, prospective study was undertaken to analyze the package inserts of antimicrobial drugs utilized in a tertiary care hospital in North Karnataka for two months. 218 that belonged to antimicrobials were included in our study and analyzed based on criteria mentioned in Schedule D of the Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1945.Results: None of the Package Inserts analyzed by us adhered to the standard guidelines. Legibility, Approved generic name of active ingredients, and Content of active ingredient per dosage was mentioned in all. In contrast, the least mentioned criteria included References (n=2) and Retail price of the drug (n=9).Conclusion: Updating the existing ones and stricter adherence to the PI with the standard guidelines will achieve better quality and, in turn, improve health care in our society, especially by these antimicrobial agents, which can prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance.

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