International Journal Of Scientific Research

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Perception Of Early Clinical Exposure By I MBBS Students
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-05) Nanda, Sunil Kumar; Thiruvengadam, Ramachandran
Background: The National Medical Council (NMC) in its new educational reforms has made Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) sessions compulsory. Though it is being followed by all medical colleges, there are very few studies where perception of ECE in Biochemistry has been studied. To determine the perception of I MBBS students about ECE in Biochemistry. Study design :Objectives: Materials And Methods: Ambispective qualitative study, Study setting : Biochemistry Department. Subjects : I MBBS students 2022 Batch, Sampling technique : Purposive sampling, Study duration : 4 months. ECE Re?ection questionnaire were given to all students after ECERetrospective component: sessions. We studied 120 ECE re?ections. We conducted Focused group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviewsProspective component : (IDI) for 40 students. The Themes generated from re?ections, Focused group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews were analyzed. Results: Thematic analysis Themes on early clinical exposure sessions emerging from Focused group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews were : Understanding of ECE Method � 揑t was helpful and exposed us to different clinical conditions", Impact on Clinical Problem-Solving - 揃y ECE sessions, we learnt how to encounter clinical cases", Enhancements for ECE Sessions - 搕aking students to wards�, Diverse Learning Outcomes - 揈CE sessions made complex manifestations into easily understandable topics". There was a broad understanding of ECE andConclusion: perceptual shift in study topics among participants. Integration of basic sciences with clinical subjects was found bene?cial, though complexities were noted. Suggestions for ECE enhancements were more interactive sessions and real-life clinical exposure
A Rare Case Of Double SVC
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-05) Ramakrishnan, Sindhuja; Chavada, Daxa; Bamaniya, Laxmikant
Various anomalies in the development of great thoracic veins of the embryo can be found incidentally in a normal adult. Normally the superior vena cava is a single vascular structure formed by the union of right and left brachiocephalic veins which are in turn formed by the union of corresponding internal jugular and subclavian veins, draining the head and neck as well as the superior extremity.1 A review of the literature since 1887 indicates that this is an addition to 216 cases of double superior venae cava in cadavers.2
Novel Method Of "Santosh-PGI Stapler-Nephrectomy With Tranexamic Acid & Noradrenaline" In Renal Cell Carcinoma With Supradiaphragmatic Inferior Vena Cava Tumour Thrombus For Decreasing Operative Times & Blood Loss
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-05) Kumar, Santosh; Deshpande, Rohit Sanjay; Singh, Shanky; S, Sivakumar
Radical resection of renal cell carcinoma with renal vein & supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava thrombosis, is often associated with signi?cant amount of blood loss during the surgery, owing to the dense peri-renal reactive adhesions, altered hilar anatomy & parasitic/collateral vessels from the surface of kidney to colon and retrohepatic area & retroperitoneum. It is standard practice to proceed with nephrectomy initially, followed by retrieval of the thrombus; however, the opposite can also be performed. Invariably, surgery in these cases is associated with signi?cant blood loss, mainly due to the extensive network of peri-nephric collateral vessels. Hence, adequate preoperative patient preparedness is the norm. In this case series, we aim to highlight a novel method of decreasing the intra-operative time & blood loss associated with nephrectomy, during radical resection of renal tumours associated with tumour thrombus which eventually led to decreased intra-operative blood loss and operative times
Fatal Unusual Ischemic Stroke Following Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury In A Young Child: A Case Report
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-05) Saini, Susheel Kumar; Saini, Ajay Kumar; Kumari, Seema
Ischemic stroke occurs in a signi?cant subset of patients with blunt traumatic brain injury in pediatric age group. Increasing numbers of patients with ischemic stroke are being identi?ed, largely due to the widening use of computed tomography angiography (CTA) for screening trauma patients. These patients are particularly dif?cult to manage because they often suffer from hemorrhagic stroke simultaneously. Presently, there is no consensus about optimal management. Because these patients are managed primarily by neurosurgeons, patients with ischemic stroke have been effectively hidden from view of pediatric intensivist and pediatric neurologists. We present a case of a boy who developed bilateral anterior cerebral artery infarct following traumatic brain injury. He presented with this fatal complication of traumatic brain injury in second week of illness. This case report is intended
Renal Papillary Adenoma : An Incidental Finding On Autopsy
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-05) Gupta, Sumiti; Gupta, Nishtha; Rawat, Priyanka; Nishith, Nilay
The incidence of benign renal tumours is less, especially when compared to renal cell carcinomas, as most are detected incidentally or at autopsy.1 Reported in 7% of kidneys resected for other tumors, they are more frequent in resected kidneys accompanying RCC, papillary type compared with other subtypes.2 Present in 7 - 40% of autopsy studies, frequency increases with age.2 We present a case of 30 year old deceased male whose viscera including brain, heart, lungs, liver, spleen and kidney were received in the Department of Pathology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana for histopathological examination. The histopathological examination of the kidney showed Renal papillary Adenoma.
Efficacy Of Semont Maneuver Vs Gufoni Maneuver In Improving The Quality Of Life In BPPV Patients: A Comparative Study
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-05) Hooda, Rakhi; Sangwan, Preeti; Saroha, Sonia; Rani, Suman
Objective: The aim of study was to ?nd out the effectiveness of the Epley maneuver, Semont maneuver and Gufoni maneuver on vertigo in BPPV and to evaluate the effectiveness of Epley maneuver and Semont maneuver and gufoni maneuver by using DHI, and ABC scale (Activities- Speci?c Balance Con?dence scale). A comparative study, including google scholar, pubMed as data sources. 50 patients were included bothMethodology: male and female were included with age group between 50-65 years. Duration of study was 4 weeks and method used for sampling was convenient. The treatment was done using Epley Maneuver and Semont Maneuver (Group A) and Epley and Gufoni Maneuver (Group B). Outcomes were measured using DHI and ABC scale, questionnaires at beginning and at the end of repositioning treatment. Mean result of the DHI of bothResult: the groups shows that the post results of the group 2 have more effect than that of the group 1. The post of group 1 was 30.88 whereas the post of the group 2 was 6.96 And More the DHI the more functional disability is present. To become more functionally stable DHI should be lowered. Means result of the ABC of both the groups shows that the post results of the group 2 have more effect than that of the group. The post of the group 1 was 73.06 and post of the group 2 was 81.00 and the more the ABC score the more Functional stability is present. The study concludes thatConclusion: there was marked improvement in functional balance, disability and postural control following Epley maneuver and Gufoni maneuver. Both the group have positive effects and was effective for long term intervention in vertigo patients and these maneuver can be added to the regular intervention for vestibular rehabilitation to decrease the symptoms of the patients.
Causes Of Blindness In Patients Who Came For Blindness Certificate In Tertiary Eyecare Institute Of Ophthalmology In Western India During The Year 2019-2021
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-05) Parmar, Rutvi; Prajapati, Kamini; Chauhan, Abhishek
Purpose: To analyse applications of blindness certi?cate to ?nd out causes of blindness in tertiary eyecare Institute of Ophthalmology in western India. Data was collected from patients coming to tertiary eyecare Institute of Ophthalmology in western india during the course of 2Methods: years from 2019 to 2021. Patients were explained about the procedure and written consent was taken. After thorough examination, ?nal diagnosis was made.. In this study patients with blindness impairment > 40% who were entitled to government bene?ts were taken. All patients were analysed and categorised according to age group and aetiology. The visual impairment percentage was given to them by using disability percentage and de?nition proposed by and then compared with other studies. 200 patientsInternational Classification of Disease 11 (ICD 11, 2018) Results: who came for blindness certi?cate at our institute were included in our study. Out of this, 29% belonged to 46-60 year age group. 136 patients (68%) were found to be 100% visually disabled and eligible for all bene?ts and concessions. Retinal diseases were the commonest cause for visual disability in the age group between 46-75 years (23%). Retinal diseases were the commonest cause for visual disability in elders. InConclusion: age group 0-15 year, retinal diseases and retinitis pigmentosa were the main reasons for visual disability. These type of studies help in population based surveys to plan, implement and supervise eye care health services.
Histopathological Review And Re-Categorization Of Thyroid Malignancies Based On Who Classification Of Endocrine Tumors, 2022
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-05) Ganguly, S; Singh, Bp; Bhoi, Sr
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the commonest endocrine malignant tumor whose incidence has been increasing steadily for decades in the world. This alarming rise in the incidence of thyroid malignancies, even in the face of low and stable and mortality rates is thought to be predominantly driven by overdiagnosis; notably evident in the case of papillary thyroid tumors. This has led to otherwise indolent tumors being aggressively managed causing potential harms to patients and levying unnecessary costs on an already overburdened healthcare system. The 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classi?cation of endocrine tumors, released in 2022, has introduced several changes to the nomenclature, grading and prognostication of thyroid proliferations based on pathologic features and molecular pro?le that can help in improving risk strati?cation by categorizing tumors based on histological and molecular characteristics, thereby reducing the burden of diagnosis of incidental and indolent lesions, as well as de-escalate the treatment. The present study attempts to review the histopathological diagnosis of all previously reported thyroid neoplasms at our institution and reclassify them according to the recently updated criteria.
Clinical Outcomes Of Anterior Cervical Discectomy And Fusion Without Plating For Treatment Of Cervical Disc Herniation
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-05) Krishna, V N Mounika; Vardhan, N Vishnu
In a comprehensive prospective study involving 50 participants, the ef?cacy of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) without the use of anterior plating was evaluated for the treatment of cervical disc herniation. The study's ?ndings, observed over a 1-year follow-up period, revealed that a substantial majority, 96%, experienced complete relief from radicular pain, and 91% reported signi?cant functional improvements. The data further highlighted a notable enhancement in patients' quality of life, as evidenced by a marked improvement in Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores from 11% at the 3-month mark to 7% at the conclusion of the study. Additionally, EQ-5D scores, indicative of overall health status, reached an optimal level of 5.0. The incidence of surgical complications and the need for subsequent procedures due to adjacent segment disease were found to be minimal. These promising outcomes underscore the potential of ACDF without plating as a viable, minimally invasive therapeutic option for individuals suffering from cervical disc herniation, emphasizing the necessity for extended research to further validate these preliminary ?ndings. This prospective study is aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) without plating in patients with cervical disc prolapse. The study was conducted over a period of one year, encompassing 50 cases that underwent ACDF without anterior plating. The primary objective was to assess the effectiveness of this less invasive surgical approach in terms of pain relief, functional recovery, fusion rates, and overall patient satisfaction.
Clinical Presentation Of Tibial Bone Metastasis: A Rare Case Report
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-05) Mishra, Ashutosh; Chandel, Sanjay Singh
Bone is one of the commonest sites of metastasis due to advanced malignancy of breast, lung, prostate and rectal . Axial bones like vertebrae, skull, and ribs are most commonly involved in metastasis, while appendicular bones like bones of upper limbs and lower limbs are less often involved in metastasis due to these malignancies. Below knee metastasis are infrequently observed in literature and clinical setting. Herein, we report a case of a female diagnosed with adenocarcinoma lung and presented with a hard, painful swelling in her left leg at tibial region. She was planned for palliative radiotherapy and was assessed for pain relief.
Association Between Birth During The Covid- 19 Pandemic And Neurodevelopmental Status Of Infants Between The Age Of 5-7 Months With And Without In Utero Exposure To Maternal Sars-Cov-2 Infection
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-01) Hasan, Ayesha Javed; Junagade, Sunil; Potdar, Shailaja; Madhu, Gayathri Devi; Sinha, Devduti; Singh, Yuvraj; Bafna, Devesh
Background: Over 200 million babies born during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Previous research suggests limited vertical transmission in infants of SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers. Maternal immune activation impacts fetal development via altered cytokine expression and placental in?ammation. Studies indicate neurodevelopmental changes in children born during the pandemic, noticeable at 6 months. Our hypothesis posits that maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy would be linked to delays in social and motor development at 5-7 months of age. Objectives: To evaluate the neurodevelopment of infants born during the COVID-19 pandemic between the ages of 5 and 7 months who were born to women who had COVID-19 during gestation and to women who did not have the infection throughout the gestation period. TheMethodology: cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in tertiary care hospital between April 2021 and June 2021. The study comprised of infants between the age of 5-7 months who were born between October and December 2021, that is, during COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 127 out of 150 deliveries during October 2021 and December 2021 who were willing to participate in the study, of whom 75(59.06%) met our inclusion criteria and their children were assessed using the ASQ-3 criteria. After neurodevelopmental assessment, data derived indicates that there isResults: signi?cant difference in ASQ-3 scores among infants of exposed and non-exposed mothers in subdomains gross motor, ?ne motor and problem solving. Since the p value is <0.005 the change in neurodevelopmental status is signi?cant. Our study suggests that infants aged 5-7Conclusion: months born during the COVID-19 pandemic, with or without maternal SARS-CoV-2 exposure, experience signi?cant delays in neurodevelopment. More cohort studies are needed to assess long-term impacts and mitigation strategies.
Comparative Pharmaceutical Analytical Study Of Rasanjan
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-05) Sahu, Akhilesh; Gupta, Anmol; Kurrey, M. D.
Daruharidra (Berberis Aristata) and Goat milk is main ingredient, and both have been considered as a very signi?cant herb in many eye and skin disease for external application. The bark is used as the main part of Daruharidra that is used in its crude form as powder or decoction. According to reference of Ayurved Prakasha Samhita, the Goat milk is used in preparation of Rasanjan. The present study is an attempt to prepare Rasanjan and evaluate the quality control parameters by doing analytical study.
A Study Of Menopausal Symptoms Using The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) In The Rural Women Of Gurugram District Of Haryana, North India
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-05) Nath, Jayati; Jain, Nikita Ghanshyam
Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation due to exhaustion of the ovarian functions. Due to increased life expectancy, women worldwide are expected to spend almost a third of their life in menopause. This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of various menopausal symptoms and the severity according to the menopause rating scale (MRS) in the rural women of Gurugram district of Haryana as a cross-sectional study in 100 subjects. Our patients mostly complained of physical exhaustion, mental disturbance, joint and muscular discomfort, hot ?ushes and night sweats � mostly had mild to moderate symptoms is high and spread of awareness regarding the same and prevalence and therapeutic measures provided to have a healthy post-menopausal life.
Monitoring Multidrug Resistant Elizabethkingia Meningoseptica In Nicu- A Malefactor Of Neonatal Sepsis And Meningitis
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-05) Chauhan, Meghna; Swarnim, Vijaya; Hazra, Nandita; Anand, Kavita Bala
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a gram-negative bacillus which is a rare cause of opportunistic infections. Literature shows that this bacillus may cause early onset neonatal sepsis and meningitis in neonates however it is a rare cause of late onset sepsis or meningitis in neonates. We hereby discuss two cases of sepsis � one late onset and another early onset neonatal sepsis meningitis and the environmental surveillance done afterwards to locate the source of infection. Both the neonates were managed in same NICU. Initial laboratory investigations revealed sepsis and meningitis caused by E menigoseptica. E menigoseptica is a multidrug organism which is linked to high mortality cases and neurological sequelae so early detection, multidisciplinary intervention and involvement of infection control team plays a crucial role for effective management and prevention.
Assessment Of The Perceived Parental Pressure For Academic Success And Associated Psychological Problems Among The Students Of The Selected Higher Secondary School, West Bengal
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-05) Naskar, Sayani
Rising incidents of various psychological problems even self-harm among adolescents is an increasing concern globally for which a descriptive study was undertaken to assess the perceived parental pressure for academic success and associated psychological problems among the students of the selected higher secondary school, West Bengal. The adopted conceptual framework was based upon the Stress bucket model (2002) and represented in the Input-process-output model (1973). From government- aided school, convenience sample of 100 higher secondary students responded through paper-pencil test. The study ?ndings by using descriptive and inferential statistics revealed that 17% perceived high parental pressure and 68% perceived medium parental pressure; 22% students were extremely severe depressed, 35% were having extremely severe anxious and 11% were having extremely severe stress. Calculated 'r' of perceived parental pressure with three domain wise psychological problems i.e. depression/anxiety/stress were 0.553/0.495/0.582 respectively (moderate positive associations.) There are signi?cant associations between level of perceived parental pressure with father's educational status, mother's occupational status, number of siblings; all the three domain wise psychological problems were associated with father's occupational status and only anxiety domain with mother's educational status, mother's occupational status. Recommendations for future studies are large sample size, in different settings, comparative design, at least one intervention and evaluation.
Study Of Platelet Indices As Prognostic Markers In Covid-19
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-05) L, Nayana; Chandan, Rajesh H; Kalagi, Prem; Kamkeri, N S; Reddy, Purushotham
Background: Platelet distribution width and mean platelet volume are markers of platelet activation. Platelets are not only involved in hemostasis and coagulation, but play a signi?cant role in innate immunity and in?ammatory response. Excess production of cytokines and acute phase reactants affect megakaryopoiesis resulting in the release of immature platelets from the bone marrow altering platelet indices. In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship of platelet indices in RTPCR proven COVID-19 patients and non COVID patients. AnMethods: observational comparative two group cohort clinical study was conducted on 200 COVID-19 patients and 100 normal individuals. The platelet indices like Platelet count, Mean platelet volume (MPV), Platelet distribution width (PDW), Platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR) and Plateletcrit (PCT) were compared among two groups. Platelet count in COVID-19 patients were low (p<0.001) compared to controls. P-LCR was alsoResults: signi?cantly decreased in COVID-19 patients in comparison to non-COVID individuals. MPV, PDW and PCT were high in COVID 19 patients in comparison to controls, but was not signi?cantly raised in a large number of cases. Platelet indices like platelet count, MPV, PDW, P-Conclusion: LCR and PCT are simple, cost effective and easily available laboratory parameters from routinely used automated hematology analyzers which are signi?cantly altered in COVID-19 infection and thereby can be used as biomarkers in COVID-19.
Prevalence Of Serotype Variants Of Dengue Virus In Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-05) Sowmya, P; Sarada, D; Babu, B Suresh; Krishnamraju, L
The four different dengue virus strains known as DENV 1-4 can cause dengue fever when they infect a person. Risk of suffering dengue hemorrhagic fever-dengue shock syndrome increases when there is co-circulation of multiple serotypes. Acute phase sera from suspected cases of fever were tested for the presence of DENV serotypes. A total of 169 serum samples were tested for the presence of NS1 antigen and positive samples were subjected to Serotyping. Of these, 41 (24.2%) were positive for NS1 antigen and DENV Serotyping by Conventional PCR showed 36.5% had DENV serotypes. All the serotypes were found Co-circulating with DENV 1 60%, followed by DENV 2 serotype with 20% respectively. Among 15 virus positive samples, single infection with DENV 1 was found in 9(60%) samples, DENV 2 in 3(20%) samples, doubly infected with (DENV 3+DENV 4)in 1(6.6%) and (DENV 1 + DENV 4) in 1(6.6%) sample and triple infection with (DENV 1 + DENV 3 + DENV 4) was noticed in 1(6.6%) sample. This study provided more information on the dengue serotype distribution in Vijayawada. Infecting dengue serotype and Co-circulation of different serotypes play an important role in disease severity among individuals infected with the virus.
Accuracy Of Computed Tomography In Characterisation Of Colorectal Lesions As Benign Or Malignant And In Pre-Op Staging Of Colorectal Carcinoma With Histopathological Correlation
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-05) Nair, Deepika; Thomas, Rinku Mercy
Objective-To determine the accuracy of Multi Detector CT in characterizing colorectal lesions as benign or malignant - and its correlation with histopathology by studying bowel wall characteristics. - 55 patients referred to the Department of Radiodiagnosis at a tertiary care centreMethods in Trivandrum for contrast CT abdomen who had abnormal bowel wall thickening on CT. Lesions are classi?ed on CT as benign or malignant based on bowel wall characteristics of wall thickening and staging is done in case of colorectal carcinoma. The ?ndings are then compared with the histopathological diagnosis. Overall, CT had a sensitivity of 94.9%, speci?city of 93.8%, Positive Predictive Value of 97.4% and aResults- Negative Predictive Value of 88.2% in the diagnosis of malignant lesions. Accuracy of CT in diagnosing malignant lesions is 94.5%. Positive likelihood ratio is 15.2. and negative likelihood ratio is 0.05.CT is an excellent modality for tumour (T) staging in colorectal malignancy, as per our study, K=0.806 (excellent agreement).CT, though not highly accurate, can be used for lymph nodal (N) staging in colorectal malignancy, as per our study, K= 0.213 (fair agreement). - Due to its high sensitivity and speci?city, MDCT is an excellent modality in the diagnosis andConclusion differentiation of benign and malignant lesions of the colon and rectum,.It offers early detection of colorectal malignancy, provides staging of malignancies, helps in detection of metastasis, thereby aiding in the choice of treatment strategy. CT is an excellent modality for tumour (T) staging in colorectal malignancy, as per our study, K=0.806 (excellent agreement).
Classification Of Cleft Lip And Palate - Past To Present
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-04) Fatima, Kaleem; Singh, Deepak; Gandhi, Anshika; Rai, Priyank; Tripathi, Tulika
Cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital anomaly affecting 1.6 per 1000 live births. Cleft lip and palate may involves the lip, alveolus, hard palate and soft palate in different combinations. As cleft lip and palate involves diverse combinations and requires an interdisciplinary approach towards treatment, a common language of communication is required. The classi?cation of cleft lip and palate has come a long way since the ?rst classi?cation system by Davis and Ritchie in 1922 till now. This article explores the different classi?cation systems and the evolution of classi?cation systems of cleft lip and palate till now.
Effects Of Kinesio Taping And Exercises In Forward Head Posture Adults With Trigger Points In Rhomboids:An Experimental Study
(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-04) Ghyar, Sakshi; Kamble, Karuna; Salekar, Bhagyashree
Myofascial trigger points are common from repetitive movements, faulty posture, and excessive muscle use. Forward Head Posture, being faulty posture leads to neck pain, upper back discomfort and muscle imbalance. Literature states that myofascial trigger point has very high rate of prevalence that is 45.5% in rhomboid muscles in individuals with upper back discomfort. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of kinesio taping and exercises in forward head posture adults with trigger points in rhomboids. 168 individuals were screened for forward head posture by Craniovertebral angle and trigger points in rhomboids. 70 participants were included in the study according to the inclusion & exclusion criteria and divided into 2 groups, Group A (n=35) & Group B (n=35). Group A received posture correction exercises and Group B received kinesio taping along with posture correction exercises. The exercises and kinesio taping application was done twice a week for 2 weeks (4 sessions). Pre- treatment and post-treatment assessment was done using numeric pain rating scale and pressure algometer. Within group comparison for pre and post treatment measurements was done by paired t test and comparison between 2 groups was done by unpaired t test. Statistical analysis showed that both groups showed statistically signi?cant improvement in pain and pressure pain threshold post intervention. But inter group comparison did not show signi?cant difference in pain and pressure pain threshold with p > 0.05. Hence, current study concludes that both the techniques are equally effective in reducing pain and pressure pain threshold in forward head posture adults with trigger points of rhomboids.

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