International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/150279

Editor: Farha Hashmi

ISSN: 2277-3657

Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.ijpras.com/index.html/

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 273

The Activity of Cordyline Terminalis’s Leaf Extract as Antidiabetic in Obese Wistar Rats
(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-02) Bogoriani, Ni Wayan; Suaniti, Ni Made; Putra, Anak Agung Bawa; Kadek, Dwi Pradnya Lestari
Introduction: Maintaining a quality of life and also doing regular resistance training are the hallmarks of a fit person. Thepurpose of this study is to examine the effect of resistance training (RT) on the selected physical and physiological variablesamong the university males. Method: This is an experimental research with a pre and post-test design which includes aresistance training and a control group. Sixty male participants were selected for this study who were assigned into twogroups; group-A (N=30) experimental group, and group –B (N=30), control group. The participants’ age was in the rangebetween 18 to 22 years. The duration of the RT program was 45 minutes, twice per week. All the subjects were tested beforeand after the 12-week program. For statistical analysis, ANCOVA and SPSS 16 were used. Descriptive statistics was appliedto observe the differences among the participants from the pre to post-test. Results and Discussion: According to the results,the effect of RT on the selected physical variables was significant i.e. body composition, explosive power, muscular strength,muscular endurance, and flexibility. There was also a significant difference with regard to the physiological variables i.e.resting pulse rate and breadth holding time. Lastly, no significant difference was observed for blood pressure (systolic) and(diastolic) showed changes from the pre to post-test. Conclusion: This is evident that RT is beneficial for the improvement ofphysical as well as physiological variables. The higher number of training sessions in a week will be more effective inimproving overall fitness level among the students.
Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients’ Knowledge Regarding the Modifiable Risk Factors of Heart Disease
(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2020-02) Alanazi, Abdulrhman; Mohammed, H. Alghanim; Abdallah, J. Alamer; Mohammed, A. Alshaqaqiq; Murtadha M. Al Busaeed; Ali, H. Alahmed; Abdullah, I. Alali; Hashim, Almazyadi; Waleed, F. Alharbi; Ibrahim, A. Nasser; Khalid, F. Alotaibi; Majed, A. Althagafi
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) is a condition of the heart that occurs when blood flowto the heart muscles is stopped abruptly. The disruption in blood flow to the heart muscles is usually caused by ablockage of one or several coronary arteries. Heart attacks can be fatal owing to the critical functions performedby blood in the heart. Fatalities arising from heart attacks are witnessed all over the world. The difference infatality rates of heart attacks is highly dependent on the exposure to risk factors such as smoking and obesity.Healthy living populations will rarely encounter high cases of a heart attack. This study was set out to assess anddocument the knowledge level of acute myocardial infarction patients regarding the modifiable risk factors of aheart attack in Saudi Arabia. Patients suffering from a heart attack are at great danger of fatality. Knowledge ofmodifiable factors can promote healthy living habits and behaviors among them. Methods: A cross-sectionalsurvey was developed to assess knowledge levels of acute myocardial infarction patients in the three cities ofRiyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam. A total of 123 participants were recruited through convenient sampling across15 hospitals in the cities. The eligibility criteria for recruitment included a mandatory age of 18 years and SaudiArabian citizenship. Participants were issued with questionnaires containing different questions on modifiablerisk factors (fatty foods, vegetables, fruits, smoking, physical exercise, and obesity). Results: Five out of the sixmodifiable factors represented knowledge levels of less than 50%. Participants were only knowledgeable on therisk factor of obesity which saw 52.8% associating it with a heart attack. Conclusion: There is a need to boosteducation and awareness among acute myocardial infarction patients in Saudi Arabia.
Adhesion Awareness among Saudi Surgeons: A National Survey
(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2020-01) Alruwaili, Aref; Alosaimi, Muteb; Talal, M. Alnahas; Turki, A. Alferayan; Ghaliah, O. Alsulami; Abdulrahman, Alhulaybi; Ali, A. Alsulaiman; Haitham, S. Habtar; Sami, A. Alqarni; Alqhtani, Hussain M.; Alsmail, Abdulaziz A.; Alluheed, Mohamad Z.; Eid, I. Albuainain; Mariam, G. Alenezi
Background: Postoperative adhesions which are defined as the abdominal fibrous connections that developbetween the organs and the peritoneum as a result of surgical trauma are a significant clinical problem. Studiesare yet to understand the mechanisms of adhesions; however, most studies have reported that they involvedisruption of the mesothelial surface with subsequent signaling processes of inflammation and fibrinocoagulation.Methods:124 surgeons from 57 hospitals in Riyadh, Jeddah, Taif, Makkah, Dammam, Al Ahsa, Albaha, and AirSaudi Arabia were recruited from 04/09/2019 till 24/09/2019 by convenient sampling method. A questionnairefrom a previous study “Adhesion Awareness: A National Survey of Surgeons” was adapted and sent to thesurgeons to understand their perspectives on post-operative adhesions. The use of antiadhesives, the role ofadhesiolysis, and electrocautery were also assessed. Results: All the respondents (n=124) responded to thequestions giving a response rate of 100%, which was highly commendable for the validity of the study. Acumulative 79.8% (CI, 95) of the sample agreed that adhesions are of clinical interests. And, 36.7% of therespondents expressed a positive attitude towards adhesion prevention; while, 26.7% of the sample were not insupport of adhesion prevention. 49.2% disagreed with the notion that they experience a lack of clarity about whento use anti-adhesives; while, 29.9% agreed that they experience a lack of clarity on when to use ant-adhesives.Conclusion: While surgeons are increasingly becoming aware of the effects of postoperative adhesions, moreawareness needs to be conducted.
Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Role in Regeneration of Cleft Alveolus in Dogs
(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-01) Alamoudi, Najlaa M.; Eman, A. El-Ashiry; Reem, M. Allarakia; Amr, M. Bayoumi; Omar, A. El Meligy
Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ATMSCs) compared to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on the regeneration of surgically createdcleft alveolus in dogs. Methods: Split mouth experimental study was performed on twelve healthy mongrel dogs. The dogswere divided into two groups (A and B): Ingroup A, the surgically created alveolus was transplanted with AT-MSCs,scaffold and growth factors at the experimental side (right side of the maxilla). Ingroup B, the surgically created alveoluswas transplanted with BM-MSCs, scaffold and growth factors at the experimental side (right side of the maxilla). In thecontrol side (left side of the maxilla), the surgically created alveolus was transplanted with scaffold and growth factors only.The flaps were replaced and sutured with resorbable sutures. Bone regeneration was evaluated clinically andradiographically after 1.5 and 3 months following dogs’ scarification. The data were evaluated with descriptive and t-testmethods (p=0.05). Results: Stem cells whether AT-MSCs or BM-MSCs accelerate the healing and regeneration of thedefected area by increasing the bone width and surface area; providing the bone quantity and quality as early as 1.5 and 3months. Conclusions: AT-MSCs and BM-MSCs are attractive tools in bone regeneration. AT-MSCs in experimental studiesshowed that their effectiveness is comparable to BM-MSCs, in addition to its low cost, ease of harvesting and saferprocedure to obtain stem cells as well as less risk of infection.
Ameliorative Effect of Quercetin and Luteolin Supplements on Histology of Liver and Lungs Intoxicated with Nicotine in Young Rats
(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-02) Bafageeh, Wejdan A.; Abdelaziza, Sahar A.
Background: Cyclosporin A (CsA) is immunosuppressive drug, but nephrotoxicity has been a major limiting factor. Thepresent study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of parsley leaves extract and silymarin against nephrotoxicity inducedby Cyclosporin A in rats. Methods: sixty male albino rats divided into six groups (n=10). Group I control group. Group IIreceived single dose of CsA (50mg/kg weight, orally/day). Group III received parsley leaves extract (250mg/kg b.wtorally/day). Group IV received CsA and parsley leaves extract as in group II and III. Group V silymarin group receivedsilymarin (100 mg/kg b.wt orally/day). Group VI received CsA and silymarin as in group II and V. Serum urea, uric acidand Creatinine were measured. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidant status, DNA damage, apoptosis andinflammatory-mediators had been measured in kidneys tissues. Results: Administration of Cyclosporin A to rats inducednephrotoxicity associated with a significant increase in serum urea, uric acid and Creatinine. Significant increase in MDA,NO, 8-OHdG, caspase-3, NF-κB, TNF-α and significant decrease of GST in kidney tissues. Histopathological examination ofanimal treated with CsA exhibited disruption of normal kidney architecture; cellular disorganization, intracellular vacuoles,and formation of many inflammatory cells. Co-administration of parsley leaves extract or silymaren+ CsA attenuated all ofthe parameters near to the normal. However, pronounced attenuation was recorded in animals co treated with parsleyleaves extract. Conclusion: The study suggested that the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of parsley leaves extractmay prevent CsA-induced nephrotoxicity via decreasing the oxidative stress, and repairing the histopathological changes.
Anaesthetic Management with Dexmedetomidine for Intraoperative Awake Test in Correction of Scoliosis; a Case Report
(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-01) Veterini, Anna Surgean; Subiantoro, Andri; Budi, Nugroho Setia; Abdurrahman; Brahmana, Mahisa Pribadi; Rehatta, Nancy Margarita; Illiandri, Oski
Damage to spinal cord and its subsequent neurological deficits have been recognized as the complications of scoliosisrepair surgery. Wake up test has been a safe, simple and reliable method to recognize such complications. Dexmedetomidineand Sevoflurane were the main anaesthetics for a 14 year old girl who underwent a scoliosis repair surgery with the intraoperative wake-up test and hemodynamic stability. The analgesic property of Dexmedetomidine was complemented by thecontinuous Fentanyl infusion. Dexmedetomidine, Sevoflurane and continuous Fentanyl infusions were administered toachieve the maintenance of the anesthesia. These anaesthetic regimens produced a satisfactory result for the intra operativehemodynamic stability and the wake-up test with the minimum complication. Here, a case of scoliotic repair surgery waspresented using Dexmetomidine, Sevoflurane and Fentanyl infusion as the safe anaesthetic regimens.
Analysis of Ground Water at Ganderbal Area of Kashmir, India
(Meral Publisher, 2023-12) Uddin, S.
Water is a very precious gift of nature. Groundwater is the main source of water for horticulture and human drinking purposes in many areas where alternating methods are not available such as rivers, lakes. etc. So Ground water is the main source for sustaining life. To analyze the ground water to attain the decision whether the water useful for drinking purposes or not. Six sampling sites were chosen to collect the groundwater samples. The specimen is collected in the morning hours from the selected sites in the ductile bottle so that the outside climate does not affect it. Statistical software IBM SPSS and Microsoft Excel are used to analyze the collected attributes. The ground water quality is suitable for drinking and other purposes except few sites. It is concluded that the ground water of these sites is useful for using purposes. No harmful effects will occure by using the ground water of these sites.
Analysis of the Russian Market of Biologically Active Supplements
(Meral Publisher, 2023-06) Dobarina, A. M.; Tsogoeva, S. A.; Bergizova, M. S. M.; Akhmatkhanova, E. E.; Fursov, V. A.; Kushch, E. N.
Due to the difficult geopolitical situation, 2022 has become a turning point in many areas of trade for Russia. Many foreign manufacturers are leaving the market, giving way to domestic ones. This is especially true for the Russian pharmaceutical market, including the market for biological active supplements. In 2022, Herbalife Nutrition (USA), BAYER (Germany), ELI LILLY (USA), NOVARTIS (USA, Switzerland), GlaxoSmithKline (Great Britain), PFIZER (USA), SANOFI (France) left the Russian biological active supplement market. At the same time, the demand for biological active supplements in the country shows an extremely positive trend. In 2022, compared to the previous year, the volume of purchases of biologically active supplements increased by 19% in rubles and by 1% in packages. This article will continue detailed marketing research of the biologically active supplement market, indicate the most popular manufacturers (Evalar, Solgar, PharmaMed), give the most popular product groups (biological active supplements that affect the body as a whole, the digestive system, the nervous system), examine the dynamics of the main indicators for compared to previous years.
Analytical Method, Chemistry and Properties of Fructose, Sucrose and Ascorbic Acid in Pear Fruit Juice
(Meral Publisher, 2023-09) Vishwakarma, R.; Gidwani, B.; Pandey, R. K.; Shukla, S. S.
Pear is a gently sweet fruit, arich source of several nutrientsincludingfiber, sugar, vitamin C molecules, and potassium. This article reports the history, consumption, Types, health benefits, and diseases of various fruit juices. Carbohydrates, Fructose, sucrose, vitamin C, fibers, vitamins, and minerals are prime constituents present in almost all juices. The nutrition composition, manufacturing technique, processing steps, specification, stability data, contamination, and related details of pear juice are discussed in this review. The pharmacological and functional applications of pear juice like Anti-diabetic, Anti-hyperlipidemic, Anti-inflammatory, and Cardio-protective, etc. are covered with their mechanism of action. The marketed preparation and patents are also highlighted. Moreover, the analytical estimation of active constituents by spectroscopy and chromatography [like UV, HPLC, UPLC, and mass spectroscopy] isexplained in this article. The physic-chemical properties, synthesis, chemistry, biological study, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of fructose, sucrose, and ascorbic acid, which are chief phytoconstituents in pear juice, are explained in the present article. This review suggests therapeutic pharmacological andanalytical techniques available for estimating sucrose, fructose, and ascorbic acid analytically and bioanalytically. This will contribute in creating a straightforward and verified procedure that complies with green chemistry.
The Anti-Diabetic Effect of Hibiscus Cannabinus Extract on the Submandibular Salivary Gland of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats
(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2020-02) Elias, Wael
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the anti-diabetic effect of Hibiscus cannabinus Linn leaf extract on thehistological structure of the submandibular salivary gland in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Materials andMethods: Three groups consisting of 10adult male albino rats each were used in this experiment. Group, I servedas the control, whereas group II consisted of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Finally, in group III, each alloxaninduced diabetic rat received an oral daily dose of methanolic extract of Hibiscus cannabinus Linn leaves equalto 400mg/kg body weight for four weeks after diabetes induction, using the same dose and like that of group II.In all groups, the rats were sacrificed four weeks after the experiment was initiated. The submandibular salivaryglands were dissected, prepared, and stained with H&E for light microscopy examination. Results:Histopathological examination of the submandibular salivary glands in group II (the diabetic group) revealed aloss of the standard glandular architecture involving the entire structure of the glands, including the acini, ductsystem, connective tissue stroma, and blood vessels. Also, severe degenerative changes with an accumulation ofnumerous intracytoplasmic vacuoles affecting the serous acini and duct system were observed as compared togroup 1. Most of these alterations and degenerative changes disappeared or were markedly decreased in groupIII (the diabetic group treated with Hibiscus cannabinus Linn extract). Conclusions: Hibiscus cannabinus Linnleaf extract had a noticeable anti¬diabetic effect on alloxan-induced diabetic alterations in the submandibularsalivary glands of rats. Hence, Hibiscus cannabinus Linn leaves may be beneficial as a dietary supplement forreducing diabetes complications. Also, Hibiscus cannabinus Linn leaf extract can serve as a promising herbalmedicine due to its effectiveness and safety.
Anti-hemolytic Activity and Antioxidant Studies of Caralluma quadrangula: Potential for Nutraceutical Development in Cancers and Blood Disorders
(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-04) Bhat, Showket Hussain; Ullah, Mohammad Fahad; Abu-Duhier, Faisel Mohammad
Background: Since ancient times, plants and its derivatives have been used in traditional medicine to curehuman diseases. In the past few decades, the research on medicinal plants has gained significant attention dueto the medicinal potential of certain phytochemicals against cancer and metabolic disorders. The present studyhas examined the alcoholic extract of Caralluma quadrangula (Ca qu) for its quantitative and qualitativecomposition and its anti-oxidant as well as anti-hemolytic properties. The findings have potential implicationsfor plausible intervention in reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated pathologies. Materials and Methods: An80 % aqueous-methanol extract of areal parts of Ca qu was prepared. It was subjected to qualitative andquantitative phytochemical analysis. Anti-oxidant potential was determined by inhibition of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’ -Azino-bis-3- ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals; while, antihemolytic activity was determined by the ability of the extract to protect human RBCs from oxidative insult.Results: The extract showed abundance of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds at concentrations of 8.6 GAE% w/w and 0.90 mg QE % w/w, respectively. Tannins, alkaloids and saponins were present at theconcentration of 8.50 mg TAE % w/w, 2.8 mg % w/w and 20.07 mg % w/w, respectively. Qualitative HPLCcolumn chromatography indicated the presence of rutin in the extract. In an increasing concentration rangefrom 31.25 to 2000 μg/ml the extract provided significant protection to RBCs from membrane damage inducedby ROS. In the DPPH and ABTS inhibition assays, the extract showed a dose-dependent inhibition of theradicals in the concentration range of 50 -1000 μg/ml and 10-250 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of Ca qu contains several classes of important phytochemicals with known therapeuticsignificance. The extract possesses significant anti-oxidant and anti-hemolytic potential as demonstrated instandard assays. The findings can be exploited for advanced studies on pharmacological premises forintervention in different diseases that are associated with an imbalanced production of ROS/free radicals incells including certain anemic disorders and cancers. The formulations derived from the plant are expected topossess therapeutic advantage as nutraceuticals or as adjuvants with standard treatment regimen.
Anti-inflammatory Activity of Two Antitussive Plants for Children: Sericanthe chevalieri and Ceiba pentandra
(Meral Publisher, 2024-12) Cissé, C; Konaré, MA; Samaké, M; Togola, I.
The objective of this study was to document the plants used in traditional cough treatment for children and to conduct a phytochemical study of the two most used plants. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among traditional sellers in the markets of Bamako. A phytochemical screening based on classic color reaction and tube precipitation methods was performed. Aluminum trichloride was used to quantify flavonoids, whereas the Folin- Ciocalteu method was utilized to quantify total polyphenols. The anti-protein denaturation method was used to assess the extracts' anti-inflammatory properties. In total, 56 participants, including 42 women and 14 men, were interviewed. The survey inventoried 17 antitussive plant species belonging to 14 botanical families. Sericanthe chevalieri (S. chevalieri) and Ceiba pentandra (C. pentandra) were the most frequently cited species. Phytochemical screening of these two plants revealed the presence of many major chemical groups such as alkaloids, terpenes, coumarins, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids. Macerated extracts (hydroethanolic and aqueous) exhibited the highest levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in both plants. The best anti- inflammatory potential, indicated by the degree of anti-protein denaturation, was observed in the hydroethanolic extracts, with an IC50 of 263.48 ± 20.80 ?g/mL for S. chevalieri and 420.30 ± 19.80 ?g/mL for C. pentandra. This study demonstrates that the extracts of C. pentandra and S. chevalieri are rich in bioactive substances with significant anti-inflammatory potential, which may confer antitussive properties.
Antihyperlipidemic and Antiobesity Effects of Parmotrema tinctorum Ethanolic Extract in Olive Oil-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats
(Meral Publisher, 2024-09) Bhat, R; Zagmutt, S; Jiménez-Altayó, F; Toyo, EM; Ramadani, AP; Shanbhag, P.
Hyperlipidemia and obesity represent significant global health challenges associated with heightened risks of angina, atherosclerosis, and stroke due to elevated blood lipid levels. Exploring natural agents as potential therapeutic interventions is promising in addressing these conditions. In this study, the antihyperlipidemic and anti-obesity effects of ethanolic extract from Parmotrema tinctorum (P. tinctorum) were evaluated using an olive oil-induced hyperlipidemic rat model. Rats were divided into distinct treatment groups, including simvastatin, distilled water (control), and two doses of the extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg). The experiment was conducted over 28 days. Administration of P. tinctorum extract led to significant reductions in body and liver weight gain. The serum lipid profile exhibited dose-dependent decreases in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). Additionally, there were notable reductions in the atherogenic index and blood glucose levels. The observed effects were attributed to potential anorectic actions mediated through the central nervous system. The extract did not affect gastric emptying and demonstrated inhibition of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis. This study underscores the potential of ethanolic extract from P. tinctorum as a dual-action therapeutic agent for addressing hyperlipidemia and obesity. The findings highlight its ability to modulate lipid metabolism, suggesting implications for managing cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. To clarify the underlying processes of its actions and investigate its possible use in clinical settings, more research is required.
Antioxidant, Thrombolytic, and Neuropharmacological Studies on Methanol Extract of Macaranga Indica Wight Leaves
(Meral Publisher, 2024-06) Miskhat-Ul-Jannat M.; Sayeed M. A.; Rahman A.; Jahan I.
The current study aimed to assess the phytochemical profile of Macaranga indica (MI) leaves, as well as their antioxidant, thrombolytic, and neuropharmacological activities. Methanol extract from Macaranga indica (MEMI) Wight leaves was used to investigate these activities to validate the therapeutic profile using a well-established method. GraphPad Prism, version 9.4.1 was used to analyze the experimental results. In vitro, the antioxidant DPPH free radical scavenging assay yielded an IC50 value of 9.58 µg/ml. Reducing power capacity showed an increase in absorbance with the increase of different concentrations. Quantitative analyses of phytochemical elicit the presence of phenol (777±12.13), flavonoid (99.94±0.62), flavonol (244±2.53), total antioxidant (184.48±1.92) mg/g in the dry extract. In vitro thrombolytic activity showed a highly statistically significant (P < 0.0001) clot lysis (42.66±3.19%). In vivo antidepressant, anxiolytic, and sedative activities evaluated the statistically significant (P < 0.001 at 200 mg/kg and P < 0.0001 at 400 mg/kg) by decreasing immobility time of forced swimming test, (P < 0.0001) by reducing anxiety of elevated plus maze and hole board test and (P = 0.0106) mice movement were gradually decreasing of hole cross test. These findings indicate that the crude extract of MEMI leaves has significant antioxidant, thrombolytic, and neuropharmacological properties.
Antiplatelet Therapy and Kidney Function in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease: A Two-Centre Observational Study in Nigeria
(Meral Publisher, 2024-06) Uduagbamen, P. K.; Bamikefa, T. A.; Oyelese, A. T.; O, S. A.; Ano-Edward, G. H.; Adeleke, A. A.; Odafen, O. P.; Siden, D. O.; Tijani, O. E.; Iwuh, D.; Adebanwi, P. T.
Antiplatelet therapy used in preventing cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease may be associated with higher risks of bleeding, low efficacy from fewer occlusive atherosclerotic disease), attenuation of the inflammatory process, and changes in the haemogram. We prospectively determined the kidney function, the haemogram, and the lipid profile of participants with and without antiplatelet therapy. The population with a mean age of 69.21 ± 11.73 years, had more women (65.88%), p=0.001. Participants' age was positively correlated with the CKD stage, p<0.001. Bleeding was more common with clopidogrel than aspirin and, less common with advancing CKD. Cardiovascular events were more common in CKD stage 5. The men had higher eGFR but lower platelet count and platelet neutrophil ratio (PNR) than the women, p=0.004, p<0.001, and p<0.001 respectively. The eGFR, bicarbonate, and HDL cholesterol were higher with versus without antiplatelets, p=0.04, p<0.001, and p=0.001 respectively. The platelet count and PNR were higher with antiplatelet therapy and with higher CKD stage, p<0.001 and p<0.001 and, p<0.001 and p<0.001 respectively. Higher platelet count (OR-0.410, 95% CI-0.02-1.04), lower uric acid levels (OR-0.550, 95% CI-0.271-0.948), higher HDL-C (OR-0.486, 95% CI-0.093-1.013), lower LDL-C (OR-0.572, 95% CI-0.082-1.002) and lower triglycerides (OR-1.274, 95% CI-0.755-1.493) were independently associated with antiplatelet therapy. The benefits of antiplatelet therapy in CKD are anchored on its anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, and kidney function-improving effects, these synergistically lead to lower cardiovascular events. The increased risk and consequences of bleeding, and reductions in leucocytes and erythrocytes population should be borne in mind to prevent heightening morbidity and mortality rates.
Application of Nano Edible Films to Improve Some Dates in Saudi Arabia
(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2020-02) Eman, Abdel Baky; Zahra, El -Duma Abdullah; Hosam, El Din Aboul-Anean
Nano edible films represent advanced technology in food processing to improve the quality of food products. Indifferent materials were used such as (A) Carrageenan/kafirin nanoparticles/beeswax/oleic acid, (B)pectin/Tripolyphosphate (TPP)/bees wax, (C) Calcium alginate/CaCO3/glucono-d-lactone (GDL), (D) Guargum/titanium dioxide (TiO2)/candela wax/linolenic acid, (E) Carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)/Tannin, and (F) Gguar-xanthan/Lemongrass oil/cellulose–acetate nanoparticles to evaluate the impactof edible films on quality attributes in Medjool and Barhy products during storage at (0 °C) and relativehumidity of 70-75%. The results indicated that decreasing the percentage of weight loss leads to excellentappearance until 60 days of cold storage in treatments coated with nanomaterials besides lower total microbialcounts. The physical, chemical and mechanical analyses were determined and the results indicated that the bestsamples were natural films with nanosuspension (B) followed by the samples (C, E, A, D, and F).
Artichoke Leaves Water Extract Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Regulates Lipid Profile in Rats Fed High Fat Diet
(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-01) Abdulkhaleq, Majd M.; Hussein, Rasha H; Alnahdi, Hanan S
High fat diet induces excessive body fat storing by increasing mass of adipose tissue which leads to lipid profileabnormalities. Artichoke is a plant that traditionally used for treatment of various diseases. This research aimed to study therole of supplementing low or high doses of water extract of artichoke leaves in rats fed HFD. In this regard, four rat groupswere established as follows: control group, high fat diet group, Low dose artichoke+ HFD group (600 mg /kg b.w/day) afterthree weeks following obesity induction, and high dose artichoke +HFD group (1500 mg /kg b.w /day). Body weight gain,serum lipid parameters, liver enzymes, antioxidant status, lipoprotein lipase gene expression and histology of adipose tissueand liver were examined. Results showed that HFD increased body weight, lipid parameters and causes abnormal liverenzyme levels along with disturbance of antioxidant status, fat droplets accumulation and enlargement of adipose tissues.These parameters were counteracted by supplementing either low or high dose of artichoke extract, showing the mitigatingeffect of artichoke against HFD side effects. It was revealed that the hypolipodemic and hepatoprotective effects were moreobservable in low dose of extract than that of high dose.
Ascorbate Effect of Lithium on Protein and Lipid Metabolism in Pigs
(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2020-02) K.S., Ostrenko; V.P., Galochkina; Kutin, I.V.; Koloskova, E.V.; Yezersky, V.A.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a new anti-stress drug on protein and lipid metabolism in thecultivation and fattening of pigs. The experiment was carried out on 5 groups of pigs of Irish Landrace breed (4experimental and 1 control) with 10 heads in each in the period from 60 to 210 days of age. Animals of 1, 2, 3and 4 experimental groups daily during the entire period of rearing and fattening received lithium ascorbate inthe form of powder at a dose of 10, 5, 2 and 0.5 mg/kg of live weight, respectively. Weighing was carried outbefore the introduction of the drug, for the 4th month and before slaughter. Before setting the animals in theexperiment and on the 180th day of the experiment, blood samples were taken. Triacylglycerols, total protein andglobulins, and fractions of lipoproteins were determined in blood plasma. Acting on protein and lipid metabolism,lithium ascorbate activates the functions associated with the participation of α-, β - globulins in the transport oflipids, as well as in the performance of γ-globulins protective functions. Lithium ascorbate has a positive effecton lipid-cholesterol metabolism and, as a result, contributes to the increase in live weight and quality of meat.With the introduction of feed lithium ascorbate from the 60th day prior to slaughter at a dosage of 10, 5 and 2mg/kg of body weight, lithium ascorbate exhibits a pronounced adaptogenic and stress-protection properties,prevents the accumulation of lipoproteins of low and very low density and activates the production of high-densitylipoproteins. And in the control animals, it is is observed in the reverse reaction. The use of lithium ascorbateaffects protein synthesis. Given that γ-and β-globulins serve as raw materials for the production ofimmunoglobulins, it can be noted that the animals treated with lithium ascorbate had the best opportunities forhumoral specific protection for 180 days of experience, which contributes to the increase of nonspecific immunityand resistance. The revealed effects of lithium ascorbate indicate the prospects for the development of neweffective ways to increase stress resistance, nonspecific resistance and productivity of animals using drugs basedon organic lithium salts.
Assessing Measles Vaccination Coverage in Children Under Five Years of Age in Developing Country
(Meral Publisher, 2023-03) Ahmed, E. B. H.; Elhassan, A. M.; Natto, H. A.; Bushara, M. O.; Elamin, F. O.; Alfaifi, M. S.; Sinky, T. H.
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the River Nile State, Sudan; known with increasing morbidity of Measles. The objective is assess Measles vaccination and possibly other factors leading to abnormal high level of cases. A community-based cross-sectional, descriptive study using a questionnaire was designed to collect data, a sample of 183 was collected, vaccination cards were viewed to obtain information about vaccination status directors of Epidemiology and Immunization departments in the state was interviewed to collect data regarding Measles vaccination coverage and cases reports. The study clarified that, according to the state reports Measles vaccination coverage in children under five years old was 92% of the targeted population. While only 73.8% of the study group was vaccinated by the routine immunization system, the availability of measles vaccination service at the centers was 98.4%.78.7% of vaccination services were provided by static centers. Barriers discovered were suboptimal access to measles immunization represented in distant health center 19.7% (more than 5 km), on foot access to center 44.3%, rejection of vaccination from mothers7%).study recommended increasing the number of static and sub-centers, activating the health education programs to raise awareness, using simple attractive message to educate the public about the disease, and the importance of vaccination and encouraging mothers to vaccinate their children.
Assessment of Awareness and Attitudes Regarding Automated External ‎Defibrillators (AED) In Sports Facilities in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-04) Qutub, Mohammed A.
Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a leading cause of death in young athletes. Most of those events occur during exercise and insports facilities. We sought to assess awareness and attitudes towards automated external defibrillators (AED) in sports facilities in Jeddah,Saudi Arabia. Methods: The survey included 293 individuals who attend 18 different sports facilities in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to estimatethe overall knowledge level of CPR and AED usage and determine general attitudes toward intervening in the setting of sudden cardiacarrest (SCA). We included adult participants who were 18 years of age or older. After explaining the aim of our study, each participant wasconsented to participate in the survey. The survey included 33 questions to assess demographic characteristics, knowledge, and skills ofCPR, confidence to perform CPR and to use AED. Results: A total of 293 candidates completed the questionnaire. Mean age was 28.33 ±8.22 years. Only 19 candidates who worked in sports facilities agreed to participate in our survey, of those only 10 participants hadprevious CPR training but only 8 (42.1%) had the self-confidence to do CPR and use AED. Of individuals who participated in the survey,110 (37%) of them indicated that they were more likely to intervene in an SCA after receiving the proper training. 140 (47.7%) participantsof our cohort were reluctant to perform CPR because they were anxious about harming the arrested patient. 108 (36%) of our cohort couldexplain the purpose of using AED. Unfortunately, 101 (34.5%) of our sample did not know the number of Red Crescent for emergency calls.73 (53.7%) of the total 136 participants who received CPR training before stated that they are able to use AED. Our survey showed that264 (90.1%) wished to receive BLS training course if it was announced in order to qualify them for performing CPR and applying AED.Conclusion: Our survey showed insufficient knowledge in all aspects of CPR skills and inadequate knowledge of AED and its purpose ofuse in sports facilities in Jeddah. We recommend initiating an effective national public campaign to increase the public awareness of theimportance of CPR and AED performance using different pathways for education through media and new legislations.

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