International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences
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Editor: Farha Hashmi
ISSN: 2277-3657
Frequency: Quarterly
Language: English
Open Access Peer-reviewed journal
Web site: https://www.ijpras.com/index.html/
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Item The Activity of Cordyline Terminalis’s Leaf Extract as Antidiabetic in Obese Wistar Rats(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-02) Bogoriani, Ni Wayan; Suaniti, Ni Made; Putra, Anak Agung Bawa; Kadek, Dwi Pradnya LestariIntroduction: Maintaining a quality of life and also doing regular resistance training are the hallmarks of a fit person. Thepurpose of this study is to examine the effect of resistance training (RT) on the selected physical and physiological variablesamong the university males. Method: This is an experimental research with a pre and post-test design which includes aresistance training and a control group. Sixty male participants were selected for this study who were assigned into twogroups; group-A (N=30) experimental group, and group –B (N=30), control group. The participants’ age was in the rangebetween 18 to 22 years. The duration of the RT program was 45 minutes, twice per week. All the subjects were tested beforeand after the 12-week program. For statistical analysis, ANCOVA and SPSS 16 were used. Descriptive statistics was appliedto observe the differences among the participants from the pre to post-test. Results and Discussion: According to the results,the effect of RT on the selected physical variables was significant i.e. body composition, explosive power, muscular strength,muscular endurance, and flexibility. There was also a significant difference with regard to the physiological variables i.e.resting pulse rate and breadth holding time. Lastly, no significant difference was observed for blood pressure (systolic) and(diastolic) showed changes from the pre to post-test. Conclusion: This is evident that RT is beneficial for the improvement ofphysical as well as physiological variables. The higher number of training sessions in a week will be more effective inimproving overall fitness level among the students.Item Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients’ Knowledge Regarding the Modifiable Risk Factors of Heart Disease(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2020-02) Alanazi, Abdulrhman; Mohammed, H. Alghanim; Abdallah, J. Alamer; Mohammed, A. Alshaqaqiq; Murtadha M. Al Busaeed; Ali, H. Alahmed; Abdullah, I. Alali; Hashim, Almazyadi; Waleed, F. Alharbi; Ibrahim, A. Nasser; Khalid, F. Alotaibi; Majed, A. AlthagafiBackground: Acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) is a condition of the heart that occurs when blood flowto the heart muscles is stopped abruptly. The disruption in blood flow to the heart muscles is usually caused by ablockage of one or several coronary arteries. Heart attacks can be fatal owing to the critical functions performedby blood in the heart. Fatalities arising from heart attacks are witnessed all over the world. The difference infatality rates of heart attacks is highly dependent on the exposure to risk factors such as smoking and obesity.Healthy living populations will rarely encounter high cases of a heart attack. This study was set out to assess anddocument the knowledge level of acute myocardial infarction patients regarding the modifiable risk factors of aheart attack in Saudi Arabia. Patients suffering from a heart attack are at great danger of fatality. Knowledge ofmodifiable factors can promote healthy living habits and behaviors among them. Methods: A cross-sectionalsurvey was developed to assess knowledge levels of acute myocardial infarction patients in the three cities ofRiyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam. A total of 123 participants were recruited through convenient sampling across15 hospitals in the cities. The eligibility criteria for recruitment included a mandatory age of 18 years and SaudiArabian citizenship. Participants were issued with questionnaires containing different questions on modifiablerisk factors (fatty foods, vegetables, fruits, smoking, physical exercise, and obesity). Results: Five out of the sixmodifiable factors represented knowledge levels of less than 50%. Participants were only knowledgeable on therisk factor of obesity which saw 52.8% associating it with a heart attack. Conclusion: There is a need to boosteducation and awareness among acute myocardial infarction patients in Saudi Arabia.Item Adhesion Awareness among Saudi Surgeons: A National Survey(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2020-01) Alruwaili, Aref; Alosaimi, Muteb; Talal, M. Alnahas; Turki, A. Alferayan; Ghaliah, O. Alsulami; Abdulrahman, Alhulaybi; Ali, A. Alsulaiman; Haitham, S. Habtar; Sami, A. Alqarni; Alqhtani, Hussain M.; Alsmail, Abdulaziz A.; Alluheed, Mohamad Z.; Eid, I. Albuainain; Mariam, G. AleneziBackground: Postoperative adhesions which are defined as the abdominal fibrous connections that developbetween the organs and the peritoneum as a result of surgical trauma are a significant clinical problem. Studiesare yet to understand the mechanisms of adhesions; however, most studies have reported that they involvedisruption of the mesothelial surface with subsequent signaling processes of inflammation and fibrinocoagulation.Methods:124 surgeons from 57 hospitals in Riyadh, Jeddah, Taif, Makkah, Dammam, Al Ahsa, Albaha, and AirSaudi Arabia were recruited from 04/09/2019 till 24/09/2019 by convenient sampling method. A questionnairefrom a previous study “Adhesion Awareness: A National Survey of Surgeons” was adapted and sent to thesurgeons to understand their perspectives on post-operative adhesions. The use of antiadhesives, the role ofadhesiolysis, and electrocautery were also assessed. Results: All the respondents (n=124) responded to thequestions giving a response rate of 100%, which was highly commendable for the validity of the study. Acumulative 79.8% (CI, 95) of the sample agreed that adhesions are of clinical interests. And, 36.7% of therespondents expressed a positive attitude towards adhesion prevention; while, 26.7% of the sample were not insupport of adhesion prevention. 49.2% disagreed with the notion that they experience a lack of clarity about whento use anti-adhesives; while, 29.9% agreed that they experience a lack of clarity on when to use ant-adhesives.Conclusion: While surgeons are increasingly becoming aware of the effects of postoperative adhesions, moreawareness needs to be conducted.Item Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Role in Regeneration of Cleft Alveolus in Dogs(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-01) Alamoudi, Najlaa M.; Eman, A. El-Ashiry; Reem, M. Allarakia; Amr, M. Bayoumi; Omar, A. El MeligyAim: This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ATMSCs) compared to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on the regeneration of surgically createdcleft alveolus in dogs. Methods: Split mouth experimental study was performed on twelve healthy mongrel dogs. The dogswere divided into two groups (A and B): Ingroup A, the surgically created alveolus was transplanted with AT-MSCs,scaffold and growth factors at the experimental side (right side of the maxilla). Ingroup B, the surgically created alveoluswas transplanted with BM-MSCs, scaffold and growth factors at the experimental side (right side of the maxilla). In thecontrol side (left side of the maxilla), the surgically created alveolus was transplanted with scaffold and growth factors only.The flaps were replaced and sutured with resorbable sutures. Bone regeneration was evaluated clinically andradiographically after 1.5 and 3 months following dogs’ scarification. The data were evaluated with descriptive and t-testmethods (p=0.05). Results: Stem cells whether AT-MSCs or BM-MSCs accelerate the healing and regeneration of thedefected area by increasing the bone width and surface area; providing the bone quantity and quality as early as 1.5 and 3months. Conclusions: AT-MSCs and BM-MSCs are attractive tools in bone regeneration. AT-MSCs in experimental studiesshowed that their effectiveness is comparable to BM-MSCs, in addition to its low cost, ease of harvesting and saferprocedure to obtain stem cells as well as less risk of infection.Item Ameliorative Effect of Quercetin and Luteolin Supplements on Histology of Liver and Lungs Intoxicated with Nicotine in Young Rats(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-02) Bafageeh, Wejdan A.; Abdelaziza, Sahar A.Background: Cyclosporin A (CsA) is immunosuppressive drug, but nephrotoxicity has been a major limiting factor. Thepresent study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of parsley leaves extract and silymarin against nephrotoxicity inducedby Cyclosporin A in rats. Methods: sixty male albino rats divided into six groups (n=10). Group I control group. Group IIreceived single dose of CsA (50mg/kg weight, orally/day). Group III received parsley leaves extract (250mg/kg b.wtorally/day). Group IV received CsA and parsley leaves extract as in group II and III. Group V silymarin group receivedsilymarin (100 mg/kg b.wt orally/day). Group VI received CsA and silymarin as in group II and V. Serum urea, uric acidand Creatinine were measured. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidant status, DNA damage, apoptosis andinflammatory-mediators had been measured in kidneys tissues. Results: Administration of Cyclosporin A to rats inducednephrotoxicity associated with a significant increase in serum urea, uric acid and Creatinine. Significant increase in MDA,NO, 8-OHdG, caspase-3, NF-κB, TNF-α and significant decrease of GST in kidney tissues. Histopathological examination ofanimal treated with CsA exhibited disruption of normal kidney architecture; cellular disorganization, intracellular vacuoles,and formation of many inflammatory cells. Co-administration of parsley leaves extract or silymaren+ CsA attenuated all ofthe parameters near to the normal. However, pronounced attenuation was recorded in animals co treated with parsleyleaves extract. Conclusion: The study suggested that the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of parsley leaves extractmay prevent CsA-induced nephrotoxicity via decreasing the oxidative stress, and repairing the histopathological changes.Item Anaesthetic Management with Dexmedetomidine for Intraoperative Awake Test in Correction of Scoliosis; a Case Report(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-01) Veterini, Anna Surgean; Subiantoro, Andri; Budi, Nugroho Setia; Abdurrahman; Brahmana, Mahisa Pribadi; Rehatta, Nancy Margarita; Illiandri, OskiDamage to spinal cord and its subsequent neurological deficits have been recognized as the complications of scoliosisrepair surgery. Wake up test has been a safe, simple and reliable method to recognize such complications. Dexmedetomidineand Sevoflurane were the main anaesthetics for a 14 year old girl who underwent a scoliosis repair surgery with the intraoperative wake-up test and hemodynamic stability. The analgesic property of Dexmedetomidine was complemented by thecontinuous Fentanyl infusion. Dexmedetomidine, Sevoflurane and continuous Fentanyl infusions were administered toachieve the maintenance of the anesthesia. These anaesthetic regimens produced a satisfactory result for the intra operativehemodynamic stability and the wake-up test with the minimum complication. Here, a case of scoliotic repair surgery waspresented using Dexmetomidine, Sevoflurane and Fentanyl infusion as the safe anaesthetic regimens.Item The Anti-Diabetic Effect of Hibiscus Cannabinus Extract on the Submandibular Salivary Gland of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2020-02) Elias, WaelObjectives: This study aims to investigate the anti-diabetic effect of Hibiscus cannabinus Linn leaf extract on thehistological structure of the submandibular salivary gland in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Materials andMethods: Three groups consisting of 10adult male albino rats each were used in this experiment. Group, I servedas the control, whereas group II consisted of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Finally, in group III, each alloxaninduced diabetic rat received an oral daily dose of methanolic extract of Hibiscus cannabinus Linn leaves equalto 400mg/kg body weight for four weeks after diabetes induction, using the same dose and like that of group II.In all groups, the rats were sacrificed four weeks after the experiment was initiated. The submandibular salivaryglands were dissected, prepared, and stained with H&E for light microscopy examination. Results:Histopathological examination of the submandibular salivary glands in group II (the diabetic group) revealed aloss of the standard glandular architecture involving the entire structure of the glands, including the acini, ductsystem, connective tissue stroma, and blood vessels. Also, severe degenerative changes with an accumulation ofnumerous intracytoplasmic vacuoles affecting the serous acini and duct system were observed as compared togroup 1. Most of these alterations and degenerative changes disappeared or were markedly decreased in groupIII (the diabetic group treated with Hibiscus cannabinus Linn extract). Conclusions: Hibiscus cannabinus Linnleaf extract had a noticeable anti¬diabetic effect on alloxan-induced diabetic alterations in the submandibularsalivary glands of rats. Hence, Hibiscus cannabinus Linn leaves may be beneficial as a dietary supplement forreducing diabetes complications. Also, Hibiscus cannabinus Linn leaf extract can serve as a promising herbalmedicine due to its effectiveness and safety.Item Anti-hemolytic Activity and Antioxidant Studies of Caralluma quadrangula: Potential for Nutraceutical Development in Cancers and Blood Disorders(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-04) Bhat, Showket Hussain; Ullah, Mohammad Fahad; Abu-Duhier, Faisel MohammadBackground: Since ancient times, plants and its derivatives have been used in traditional medicine to curehuman diseases. In the past few decades, the research on medicinal plants has gained significant attention dueto the medicinal potential of certain phytochemicals against cancer and metabolic disorders. The present studyhas examined the alcoholic extract of Caralluma quadrangula (Ca qu) for its quantitative and qualitativecomposition and its anti-oxidant as well as anti-hemolytic properties. The findings have potential implicationsfor plausible intervention in reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated pathologies. Materials and Methods: An80 % aqueous-methanol extract of areal parts of Ca qu was prepared. It was subjected to qualitative andquantitative phytochemical analysis. Anti-oxidant potential was determined by inhibition of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’ -Azino-bis-3- ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals; while, antihemolytic activity was determined by the ability of the extract to protect human RBCs from oxidative insult.Results: The extract showed abundance of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds at concentrations of 8.6 GAE% w/w and 0.90 mg QE % w/w, respectively. Tannins, alkaloids and saponins were present at theconcentration of 8.50 mg TAE % w/w, 2.8 mg % w/w and 20.07 mg % w/w, respectively. Qualitative HPLCcolumn chromatography indicated the presence of rutin in the extract. In an increasing concentration rangefrom 31.25 to 2000 μg/ml the extract provided significant protection to RBCs from membrane damage inducedby ROS. In the DPPH and ABTS inhibition assays, the extract showed a dose-dependent inhibition of theradicals in the concentration range of 50 -1000 μg/ml and 10-250 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of Ca qu contains several classes of important phytochemicals with known therapeuticsignificance. The extract possesses significant anti-oxidant and anti-hemolytic potential as demonstrated instandard assays. The findings can be exploited for advanced studies on pharmacological premises forintervention in different diseases that are associated with an imbalanced production of ROS/free radicals incells including certain anemic disorders and cancers. The formulations derived from the plant are expected topossess therapeutic advantage as nutraceuticals or as adjuvants with standard treatment regimen.Item Application of Nano Edible Films to Improve Some Dates in Saudi Arabia(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2020-02) Eman, Abdel Baky; Zahra, El -Duma Abdullah; Hosam, El Din Aboul-AneanNano edible films represent advanced technology in food processing to improve the quality of food products. Indifferent materials were used such as (A) Carrageenan/kafirin nanoparticles/beeswax/oleic acid, (B)pectin/Tripolyphosphate (TPP)/bees wax, (C) Calcium alginate/CaCO3/glucono-d-lactone (GDL), (D) Guargum/titanium dioxide (TiO2)/candela wax/linolenic acid, (E) Carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)/Tannin, and (F) Gguar-xanthan/Lemongrass oil/cellulose–acetate nanoparticles to evaluate the impactof edible films on quality attributes in Medjool and Barhy products during storage at (0 °C) and relativehumidity of 70-75%. The results indicated that decreasing the percentage of weight loss leads to excellentappearance until 60 days of cold storage in treatments coated with nanomaterials besides lower total microbialcounts. The physical, chemical and mechanical analyses were determined and the results indicated that the bestsamples were natural films with nanosuspension (B) followed by the samples (C, E, A, D, and F).Item Artichoke Leaves Water Extract Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Regulates Lipid Profile in Rats Fed High Fat Diet(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-01) Abdulkhaleq, Majd M.; Hussein, Rasha H; Alnahdi, Hanan SHigh fat diet induces excessive body fat storing by increasing mass of adipose tissue which leads to lipid profileabnormalities. Artichoke is a plant that traditionally used for treatment of various diseases. This research aimed to study therole of supplementing low or high doses of water extract of artichoke leaves in rats fed HFD. In this regard, four rat groupswere established as follows: control group, high fat diet group, Low dose artichoke+ HFD group (600 mg /kg b.w/day) afterthree weeks following obesity induction, and high dose artichoke +HFD group (1500 mg /kg b.w /day). Body weight gain,serum lipid parameters, liver enzymes, antioxidant status, lipoprotein lipase gene expression and histology of adipose tissueand liver were examined. Results showed that HFD increased body weight, lipid parameters and causes abnormal liverenzyme levels along with disturbance of antioxidant status, fat droplets accumulation and enlargement of adipose tissues.These parameters were counteracted by supplementing either low or high dose of artichoke extract, showing the mitigatingeffect of artichoke against HFD side effects. It was revealed that the hypolipodemic and hepatoprotective effects were moreobservable in low dose of extract than that of high dose.Item Ascorbate Effect of Lithium on Protein and Lipid Metabolism in Pigs(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2020-02) K.S., Ostrenko; V.P., Galochkina; Kutin, I.V.; Koloskova, E.V.; Yezersky, V.A.The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a new anti-stress drug on protein and lipid metabolism in thecultivation and fattening of pigs. The experiment was carried out on 5 groups of pigs of Irish Landrace breed (4experimental and 1 control) with 10 heads in each in the period from 60 to 210 days of age. Animals of 1, 2, 3and 4 experimental groups daily during the entire period of rearing and fattening received lithium ascorbate inthe form of powder at a dose of 10, 5, 2 and 0.5 mg/kg of live weight, respectively. Weighing was carried outbefore the introduction of the drug, for the 4th month and before slaughter. Before setting the animals in theexperiment and on the 180th day of the experiment, blood samples were taken. Triacylglycerols, total protein andglobulins, and fractions of lipoproteins were determined in blood plasma. Acting on protein and lipid metabolism,lithium ascorbate activates the functions associated with the participation of α-, β - globulins in the transport oflipids, as well as in the performance of γ-globulins protective functions. Lithium ascorbate has a positive effecton lipid-cholesterol metabolism and, as a result, contributes to the increase in live weight and quality of meat.With the introduction of feed lithium ascorbate from the 60th day prior to slaughter at a dosage of 10, 5 and 2mg/kg of body weight, lithium ascorbate exhibits a pronounced adaptogenic and stress-protection properties,prevents the accumulation of lipoproteins of low and very low density and activates the production of high-densitylipoproteins. And in the control animals, it is is observed in the reverse reaction. The use of lithium ascorbateaffects protein synthesis. Given that γ-and β-globulins serve as raw materials for the production ofimmunoglobulins, it can be noted that the animals treated with lithium ascorbate had the best opportunities forhumoral specific protection for 180 days of experience, which contributes to the increase of nonspecific immunityand resistance. The revealed effects of lithium ascorbate indicate the prospects for the development of neweffective ways to increase stress resistance, nonspecific resistance and productivity of animals using drugs basedon organic lithium salts.Item Assessment of Awareness and Attitudes Regarding Automated External Defibrillators (AED) In Sports Facilities in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-04) Qutub, Mohammed A.Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a leading cause of death in young athletes. Most of those events occur during exercise and insports facilities. We sought to assess awareness and attitudes towards automated external defibrillators (AED) in sports facilities in Jeddah,Saudi Arabia. Methods: The survey included 293 individuals who attend 18 different sports facilities in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to estimatethe overall knowledge level of CPR and AED usage and determine general attitudes toward intervening in the setting of sudden cardiacarrest (SCA). We included adult participants who were 18 years of age or older. After explaining the aim of our study, each participant wasconsented to participate in the survey. The survey included 33 questions to assess demographic characteristics, knowledge, and skills ofCPR, confidence to perform CPR and to use AED. Results: A total of 293 candidates completed the questionnaire. Mean age was 28.33 ±8.22 years. Only 19 candidates who worked in sports facilities agreed to participate in our survey, of those only 10 participants hadprevious CPR training but only 8 (42.1%) had the self-confidence to do CPR and use AED. Of individuals who participated in the survey,110 (37%) of them indicated that they were more likely to intervene in an SCA after receiving the proper training. 140 (47.7%) participantsof our cohort were reluctant to perform CPR because they were anxious about harming the arrested patient. 108 (36%) of our cohort couldexplain the purpose of using AED. Unfortunately, 101 (34.5%) of our sample did not know the number of Red Crescent for emergency calls.73 (53.7%) of the total 136 participants who received CPR training before stated that they are able to use AED. Our survey showed that264 (90.1%) wished to receive BLS training course if it was announced in order to qualify them for performing CPR and applying AED.Conclusion: Our survey showed insufficient knowledge in all aspects of CPR skills and inadequate knowledge of AED and its purpose ofuse in sports facilities in Jeddah. We recommend initiating an effective national public campaign to increase the public awareness of theimportance of CPR and AED performance using different pathways for education through media and new legislations.Item Assessment of Saudi people’s Knowledge about Hypothyroidism Treatment Usage(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2020-03) Alreshidi, Fayez Saud; Alreshidi, Nahlah Fahad; Alharbi, Saleh Hadi; Alahmadi, Ghaida Mohammed; Alghassab, Majed Akram; Ahmed, Hussain GadelkarimBackground: As adjusting the treatment dose for hypothyroidism based on several factors requiring continuousrigorous assessment, the current study aimed to assess of Saudi people’s knowledge about hypothyroidismtreatment usage. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study, piloted in Hail Region, Northern Saudi Arabia. Inthis study, 900 respondents were randomly involved in the study irrespective of their age, sex, or otherdemographical characteristics. Results: The present study investigated 900 participants of whom 272/900(30.2%)were patients with hypothyroidism. Of the 900 participants, 730/900 (81%) were females and 170/900 (19%) weremales, giving males’ females’ ration of 1.00: 4.29. of the 272 patients with hypothyroidism, 250/730 (34%) werefemales and 22/170 (13%) were males. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is prevalent in Northern Saudi Arabia.Raising community awareness towards hypothyroidism is essential for better control of the diseases. Healthcareproviders should inspire their patients to adjust the treatment does as prescribed without cessation.Item Assessment of the Nutritional Value of the Food Consumed by Saudi Schoolchildren(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2020-03) Alamri, Eman S.; ALBishi, Laila AObjective: This study is aimed at assessing the nutritional value of the food consumed during school meal breaksby Saudi schoolchildren in a healthy school and comparing it with that in another school (a normal school).Methods: A total of 260 schoolchildren from two elementary schools in Tabuk were recruited in the present study.The children were observed at school meal time, and all food consumed by them was recorded by a trainedresearch assistant. The portion size of the consumed food was estimated by household measures, and thenutritional information of the packed food was obtained from the packaging label. Results: Consumption ofprotein, fiber, vitamin A, and calcium was significantly higher in the healthy school compared to the normalschool. Dairy products and fruit contributed significantly more to energy intake in the healthy school comparedto the normal school; while, crisps and sweet fatty products contributed significantly more to the total energyintake for the normal school. Total energy intake was also higher in the normal school than in the healthy school.Conclusion: The nutritional value of school meals from the healthy school was better than the normal school.Therefore, school meals can be used as a strategy to teach schoolchildren food choice skills during this sensitiveperiod.Item Assessment of The Potential Role of Parsley (Petroselinum Crispum) Leaves Extract in Ameliorating Cyclosporin A- Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-02) Takrooni, Wassal A.; Sharaf, Iman A.; Majid1, Nadia A. AbdulIn this study, a potentiometric titration method by Calvin-Bjerrum and Irwing-Rosotti was used to investigate binarycomplexes of ibandronate sodium, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, with Ca(II), Mg(II) and Sr(II). Dissociationconstants (pKa) of ibandronate sodium were measured and the stability constants of the complexes formed in aqueoussolutions at 22 oC (I = 0.11 M NaClO4) were determined. The stoichiometry of ibandronate sodium/metal complexes wasfound as 1/1 for each metal ion.Item Association between Vitamin D Status and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Adolescents(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-03) K.K, Alqudsi; S.A, Abdelaziz; A.E, Al-AghaBackground: Nowadays, the deficiency of vitamin D (VD) is a health problem worldwide, that affects many people including adolescentswho have type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the role of VD in autoimmune diseases such as T1DM has been a recent interest. Aim:This study was designed to assess the VD deficiency prevalence in Saudi adolescents with or without T1DM. Methods: In this case-controlstudy, 49 T1DM and 49 control (non-DM) (N=98), age and gender-matched were enrolled. The study was carried out from May toSeptember 2017 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH). After obtaining the consent form, the blood samples were withdrawn todetermine fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in blood and VD (25OHD) in serum. Statistical analysis wasmade by SPSS version 22. Results: Data showed that 25OHD levels were significantly lower in adolescents with T1DM compared to thecontrols (49.5 ± 26.9 nmol/L vs 67.96 ± 30.03 nmol/L). In the T1DM adolescents, VD was deficient in 44.9%, insufficient in 36.7%, andsufficient in 18.4% as compared with 34.7% (deficient), 26.5% (insufficient), and 42.86% (sufficient) in non-DM adolescents. Overall, VDwas deficient and insufficient in 81.6% of the T1DM adolescents and 61.2% of non-DM adolescents, respectively. Considering sex, femalesshowed higher significance between T1DM and non-DM groups in overall groups, and in all VD level subgroups, males showedsignificance (p<0.05) in only overall groups and in insufficient VD levels. The data showed an inverse correlation between HbA1c and FBGvalues with VD concentration. While there was no correlation between both glycemic parameters with VD in non-DM group. Conclusion:The VD deficiency prevalence in T1DM Saudi adolescents was relatively high particularly in females. Therefore, screening for VD statusand supplementation in early young age should be warranted.Item Augmentation of Insulin Secretion Induced by Rhizophora Mucronata and Avicennia Marina Extracts in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-04) Isam, Eldin Mohamed Elamin Abu Zeid; Obidallah, Hamdan Ali Al-Jaghthmi; Heba, Hassan MohammadBackground: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease and is considered as the third leading cause of death in the developedcountries. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the antidiabetic, antioxidant and insulin-enhancing potentials of the aqueous extractsof R. mucronata and A. marina or combination of them. Materials and methods: The effects of daily oral administration of aqueous extract fromthe leaves of R. mucronata, A. marina (400 mg/kg BW for each) and combination of both for 6 weeks on streptozotocin-induced diabetic ratswere evaluated considering the blood glucose and insulin levels in the serum. Oxidant/antioxidants status was assessed in the cardiac andmuscular tissues. Immunohistochemical expression of insulin in the pancreatic tissue was also assessed. Results: Oral administration of theplants extracts alleviated the diabetes-induced changes in serum glucose, insulin and antioxidants status in the heart and muscles compared tothe untreated rats. In addition, these plants enhanced insulin secretion by β-cells of Langerhans as evidence immunohistochemically andbiochemically through calculation of HOMA- β. Conclusion: The extract of R. mucronata exhibited a promising antidiabetic, antioxidant andinsulin-enhancing effects compared with A. marina extract alone or in combination with R. mucronata.Item Autism knowledge and Attitudes: A National survey among Saudi Pediatricians(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-04) Almutairi, Ahmed; Alosaimi, Muteb; Alharbi, Rawan Naif; Nourah, Saud Alsubaie; Khalid, Saad Alnashi; Israa, Kadhem Aldawudi; Albannawi, Gadeer Abdulhadi; Talal, Hamad Alanazi; Yousef, Saad Alanazi; Abdulhadi, Hamdan Alomari; Ali, Almukhtar Alshanqiti; Alzahrani, Fahad Matar; Jawaher, hesham jelaidan; Alyazeedi, Ashwaq MuhammadAutism is a known developmental disorder that is prevalent across the world. Saudi Arabia has largely beendisadvantaged with respect to evidence-based research on autism. The presence of limited research and studieson autism in Saudi Arabia has an impact on how pediatricians undertake their treatment interventions on childrenwith autism. This study assesses the awareness levels of Saudi pediatricians with regards to knowledge andattitudes towards autism among children. The degree of knowledge and attitudes displayed by the respondentshave a direct correlation with the level of care and treatment for autism. This study is thus a baseline case whichcan be used to inform future treatment interventions for autism. The study showed that male children were morelikely to be in the risk of being affected by autism which according to the analysis obtained from the chi squaregender was not a significance of likeliness of a child being affected by autism. Correlation was used to determinethe strength of the relationship between lack of eye contact as a result of autism causing communication disorder,a correlation of -0.132 which implied a weak negative relationship between the two variables. From the chisquare, a p value of 0.808 was obtained which indicated that there was insufficient statistical significance to theclaim that there was a difference between gender and long-life condition of autism.Item Availability of Healthy Food in Different Categories of Markets(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-04) Gossady, Ibrahim Mataen; Alshehri, Khaled Mohammed; Ghazi, Saud Aldalbahi; Mashhour, Alzarie; Khalid, Mueidh Alqarni; Aldawas, Abdullah DawasObjectives: The study is aimed at assessing and comparing the availability of healthy food among different typesof markets; the price of healthy food between supermarkets, groceries and convenience stores; as well as thepresence of the section that only contains healthy food. Methods: We divided markets into three categories(Supermarkets, Grocery stores, and Convenience stores) and divided Riyadh into 4 regions to ensure that the datarepresents the whole regions of Riyadh. The data was entered to Microsoft Excel 2010, and then transferred toStatistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Percentage was used to assess the level of the availability ofhealthy food and Chi-square was used to test for statistical differences. ANOVA and Post Hoc tests were used toassess the presence in difference of the price of healthy food. Results: Availability of healthy food items differsbased on the size of the stores. Large stores contain more vegetables and fruit groups than small stores. Onlydrinks group showed no significant difference (p-value 0.465) with the highest percentage of availability amongother groups; while, miscellaneous group showed the least percentage of availability between different markets.The difference in price between the three different commercial outlets is not significant except in meat group.Healthy food sections were found in two out of sixty markets. Conclusion: Availability of healthy food itemsincreases with the increase of stores’ size. There is no price difference between different markets except meatgroup. Healthy food sections were found in two out of sixty markets.Item Awareness Among Senior Medical Students at Taif University Regarding Patients' Rights(International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences, 2019-01) Alghumuy; Khalaf, Helal Q.; Algarni; S, Ali GhihanBackground: The increased recognition of patients' rights has been related to using fitness care offerings. Professionals,including future physicians, have been predicted to respect patients’ rights, however they have not been acquainted with thecontents of the bills of rights or what they suggest. Objectives: To assess the awareness among senior medical students atTaif University regarding patients' rights. Subjects and methods: a cross-sectional study was established at the faculty ofMedicine, Taif University, KSA. It included all the fifth and sixth -year medical students (200 males and 131 females)enrolled throughout the academic year 1439 H. A valid and reliable questionnaire that comprised of two sections wasutilized. These two sections were socio-demographic variables and the awareness regarding the patients’ rights (30statements). Results: Collectively, on a scale ranged between 0 and 30, the patients’ right score ranged between 14 and 30(21.7±4.1). Among the studied factors, the only significant one was the academic performance of the students as the highestlevel of knowledge regarding the patients` rights was observed among the students with the excellent performance (meanrank was 246), p<0.001. Conclusion: The knowledge of the senior medical students at Taif University regarding thepatients` rights was generally acceptable. A further educational intervention was recommended.