International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/150279

Editor: Farha Hashmi

ISSN: 2277-3657

Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.ijpras.com/index.html/

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 273

Review on Herbal Insect Repellent Vaporizer Containing Tamarindus Indica Leaves, Calotropis Proceral Extract
(Meral Publisher, 2025-01) Ubale, AT; Patil, JS; Shinde, SS; Paloji, SS; Parab, AT; Raul, SA
The ability of crude ethanol extracts from the leaves of Tamarindus indica and Calotropis procera to repel insects. This work has investigated many household insects. The leaf extract from C. procera was shown to have higher insecticidal action. The study indicates that the leaf extracts from these plants are promising candidates for use in the development of bioinsecticides, which may be less expensive and safer than synthetic pesticides when it comes to managing the population of domestic insects. In tropical developing countries, insects offer a serious problem that has led to several ailments and disorders. To either kill or repel insects, a variety of chemicals has been employed. However, they also seriously endanger human health. The insect-repelling properties of crude ethanol extracts made from Calotropis procera and Tamarindus indica leaves numerous domestic insects have been examined in this investigation. It was demonstrated that the C. procera leaf extract had a stronger insecticidal effect. According to the study, these plants' leaf extracts show promise for application in the creation of bioinsecticides, which could be safer and less costly than synthetic pesticides for controlling the number of household insects. Insects are a major issue in tropical developing nations, contributing to a variety of illnesses and conditions. To either kill or repel insects, a variety of chemicals have been employed. However, they also seriously endanger human health.
Anti-inflammatory Activity of Two Antitussive Plants for Children: Sericanthe chevalieri and Ceiba pentandra
(Meral Publisher, 2024-12) Cissé, C; Konaré, MA; Samaké, M; Togola, I.
The objective of this study was to document the plants used in traditional cough treatment for children and to conduct a phytochemical study of the two most used plants. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among traditional sellers in the markets of Bamako. A phytochemical screening based on classic color reaction and tube precipitation methods was performed. Aluminum trichloride was used to quantify flavonoids, whereas the Folin- Ciocalteu method was utilized to quantify total polyphenols. The anti-protein denaturation method was used to assess the extracts' anti-inflammatory properties. In total, 56 participants, including 42 women and 14 men, were interviewed. The survey inventoried 17 antitussive plant species belonging to 14 botanical families. Sericanthe chevalieri (S. chevalieri) and Ceiba pentandra (C. pentandra) were the most frequently cited species. Phytochemical screening of these two plants revealed the presence of many major chemical groups such as alkaloids, terpenes, coumarins, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids. Macerated extracts (hydroethanolic and aqueous) exhibited the highest levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in both plants. The best anti- inflammatory potential, indicated by the degree of anti-protein denaturation, was observed in the hydroethanolic extracts, with an IC50 of 263.48 ± 20.80 ?g/mL for S. chevalieri and 420.30 ± 19.80 ?g/mL for C. pentandra. This study demonstrates that the extracts of C. pentandra and S. chevalieri are rich in bioactive substances with significant anti-inflammatory potential, which may confer antitussive properties.
Design and Synthesis of Functionalized 2,4-Diamino-1,3,5-Triazines, Potential Inhibitors Involved in Immune and Inflammatory Response
(Meral Publisher, 2024-12) Diakité, AS; Ambeu-Loko, CNM; Yapi, AD; Logé, C; Kacou, A; Kra, S; Baratte, B; Bach, S; Ruchaud, S; Sissouma, D; Ouattara, M; Robert, J-m.
The present study aimed to design and synthesize functionalized 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazines, potential inhibitors involved in immune and inflammatory responses. A two-step synthesis method, initially using a microwave reactor for the preparation of reaction intermediates, allowed us to synthesize eleven 6-aryl-2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazines 5a-k. The intermediates were biguanide derivatives 3a-f which were synthesized under microwave irradiation for 10 min at 130 °C. The 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine derivatives (5a-k) were obtained with yields from 16-86%. The compounds synthesized were submitted to biological evaluation on twelve protein kinases, through the implementation of a dose-response method which allowed the determination of median inhibitory concentration or IC50. Indeed, enzymatic activities were carried out in the presence of 10 ?M of ATP, in a final volume of 6 ?l for 30 min at 30 °C in ADP-Glo buffer. Among the triazines synthesized, results of enzymatic activity showed that the most active molecule was compound 5b which inhibited PIM1 kinase with IC50 = 1.18 ?g/mL. This result is the starting point of a larger research program for our group which could investigate the introduction of the substituted group on triazine’s terminal amino group.
Increased Plasma Lactate Level Associated to the Use of Atorvastatin: A Study Comparing Cases and Controls
(Meral Publisher, 2024-12) Bona, C; Lozano, R.
This study aimed to assess the risk of hyperlactatemia (LA) in patients who received atorvastatin (ATV) treatment. For this, an observational and retrospective study using a case-crossover study design. The participants who received atorvastatin (10 - 80 mg) were included in the sample. The main variable in the study was the total number of treatment days for all the medications administered to each patient (PD). All PDs with lactate>4mmol/L were cases, while all PDs with lactate?4mmol/L were controls. The odds of ATV exposure were calculated for both cases and controls, and the odds ratio (OR) between cases and controls was also calculated. The sample was composed of 640 participants, aged 87 years (±6), body mass index of 31.3 (±2.9) kg/m2, and 47% were female. The mean plasma lactate concentrations were 5.0±0.7mmol/L for the cases and 2.9±0.5mmol/L for the controls. Total PDs=5220, PDs with lactate?4mmol/L=319; PDs with lactate<4 mmol/L=4901. OR=2.0 (95% CI: 1.52-2.63; Z4.97; P<0.0001): 73 out of 632 cases were exposed to ATV compared to 246 out of 4269controls, because of this the likelihood of LA seems to be moderate (2?OR<3, as per Cohen's standards).
Biotreatment of Chromium Enriched Electroplating Effluent Using Bacterial Consortium
(Meral Publisher, 2024-09) Murugesan, R; Ulagan, MP; Stephen, DN; Vairakannu, T; Gurusamy, M; Govindarajan, S.
The present study focused on lab-scale biotreatment of chromium electroplating effluent using mixed bacterial strains. The electroplating effluent-contaminated soil sample was collected and sixteen bacterial colonies were isolated and identified through morphological and biochemical characteristics. All sixteen bacterial isolates were screened for metal tolerance using a nutrient agar medium incorporated with chromium metal ions. Of the sixteen bacterial isolates, only four bacterial strains were found as potential metal-tolerant bacterial strains and they were further characterized in the various environmental conditions such as different pH, various temperatures, and different chromium metal ion concentrations. The results of the characterization study revealed that two bacterial strains, i.e., Pseudomonas sp. 4 and Staphylococcus sp. 2 were found to grow better in a medium containing 300 ppm of chromium in pH 7 at 37 °C on the 5th day. Based on molecular sequencing of 16S rRNA, the two bacterial isolates were confirmed as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus caprae. Antagonistic studies between two selected bacterial strains were performed and the results indicated negative antagonistic activity between the strains. Therefore, these two compatible metal-tolerant bacterial strains were further used as a bacterial consortium for the treatment of chromium electroplating effluent in the Lab-scale reactor for 5 days. The treated effluent was collected and determined for various physicochemical characteristics through APHA, 1995 methods, and also determined the presence of the residual metal through SEM-EDAX, FTIR, and AAS analyses. Better performance metal removal was observed in the treatment with bacterial consortium.
Exploring the Relationship Between Muscle-Enhancing Steroids and Heart Attacks: A Comprehensive Overview
(Meral Publisher, 2024-09) Kumari, A; Singh, AP; Obiajulu, CV.
The use of muscle-enhancing steroids, particularly anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), has sparked widespread concern about their effects on cardiovascular health, notably their link to heart attacks. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the link between muscle-enhancing drugs and heart attacks. It investigates the physiological pathways by which steroids might contribute to a variety of cardiovascular issues such as hypertension (high blood pressure), dyslipidemia (abnormal cholesterol levels), atherosclerosis (plaque build-up in arteries), and thrombosis (blood clot formation). Furthermore, it examines the epidemiological evidence linking steroid usage to an increased risk of heart attacks and other cardiovascular events. The study also delves into the ethical quandaries surrounding steroid usage in sports and fitness, as well as regulatory actions aimed at preventing steroid abuse. Finally, it emphasizes the crucial need for multidisciplinary teamwork and evidence- based solutions in addressing this public health challenge. This study, in essence, stresses the importance of raising awareness, expanding research efforts, and implementing strong prevention activities to reduce the cardiovascular hazards linked to muscle-enhancing drugs and advocate safer alternatives to achieving fitness goals.
Antihyperlipidemic and Antiobesity Effects of Parmotrema tinctorum Ethanolic Extract in Olive Oil-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats
(Meral Publisher, 2024-09) Bhat, R; Zagmutt, S; Jiménez-Altayó, F; Toyo, EM; Ramadani, AP; Shanbhag, P.
Hyperlipidemia and obesity represent significant global health challenges associated with heightened risks of angina, atherosclerosis, and stroke due to elevated blood lipid levels. Exploring natural agents as potential therapeutic interventions is promising in addressing these conditions. In this study, the antihyperlipidemic and anti-obesity effects of ethanolic extract from Parmotrema tinctorum (P. tinctorum) were evaluated using an olive oil-induced hyperlipidemic rat model. Rats were divided into distinct treatment groups, including simvastatin, distilled water (control), and two doses of the extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg). The experiment was conducted over 28 days. Administration of P. tinctorum extract led to significant reductions in body and liver weight gain. The serum lipid profile exhibited dose-dependent decreases in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). Additionally, there were notable reductions in the atherogenic index and blood glucose levels. The observed effects were attributed to potential anorectic actions mediated through the central nervous system. The extract did not affect gastric emptying and demonstrated inhibition of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis. This study underscores the potential of ethanolic extract from P. tinctorum as a dual-action therapeutic agent for addressing hyperlipidemia and obesity. The findings highlight its ability to modulate lipid metabolism, suggesting implications for managing cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. To clarify the underlying processes of its actions and investigate its possible use in clinical settings, more research is required.
Investigating the Use of Niosomes in Pharmaceuticals and Drug Delivery
(Meral Publisher, 2024-09) Witika, BA; Bassey, KE; Demana, PH; Siwe-Noundou, X; Poka, MS.
The treatment of infectious and autoimmune diseases has experienced many changes in the past few years. Currently, cancer treatment is usually based on pathological and clinical methods. The most common cancer treatment is limited to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery, however, the treatment is still not optimal. Common problems in some diseases treatment, especially cancer, include non-specific and systematic distribution of medicinal agents, insufficient drug concentration at the operation site, intolerable toxicity, and drug resistance. The application and development of nanotechnology for cancer treatment have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. This technology provides a unique approach to cancer through early detection and cancer treatment. The present study aims to review the application of niosomes in pharmaceuticals and drug delivery. The design and development of new drug delivery systems not only increase the activity of the drug in the target tissue but also reduce the toxicity of the drug to a great extent and release it at the site of operation in a controlled manner. Niosomal vesicles contain non-ionic surfactants, which are non-toxic, biodegradable, stable, and cheap and can be utilized for targeted drug delivery. High purity, greater chemical stability, proper drug storage, various types of availability of non-ionic surfactants, and cheapness are the most important advantages of niosomes.
Beyond the Barrier: The Endothelium's Unsung Role in Physiology & Pathology
(Meral Publisher, 2024-12) Suchy, W.
Research conducted in recent years has significantly transformed our understanding of the role of the vascular endothelium in maintaining the overall homeostasis of the body. It has been revealed that the endothelium is responsible for synthesizing a wide range of biologically active substances that play a key role in numerous processes both in health and disease - such as hemodynamics, hemostasis, immunological responses, and regenerative processes. This extensive endocrine activity has led to the endothelium being sometimes referred to as an "endocrine tree." The functioning of the endothelium depends on its functional condition, which is shaped by the signals it receives. Endothelial dysfunction understood as an impairment of the vasodilatory, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties of the cells lining the vessels, is closely linked to cardiovascular diseases - the leading cause of death worldwide. It is considered a key stage in the development of atherosclerosis and one of the major risk factors for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular incidents. This paper aims to gather and present information that will allow for a better understanding of the structure and significance of this majestic organ in human physiology.
From Gym to Medicine: Creatine Uses Beyond Athletic Performance
(Meral Publisher, 2024-09) Sikora, M; Iskrzy?ski, D; Gugulski, H; Suchy, W.
Creatine is a naturally occurring compound found in muscles that play a vital role in energy metabolism. It has been shown to have beneficial effects on skeletal muscle function and exercise performance, but recent studies have explored its potential role in various fields of medicine. The study aimed to analyze the accessible literature and illustrate the current state of knowledge regarding the use of creatine in these settings, as well as make predictions for further research. The association between low creatine concentrations and poorer mental well-being has been proven in the central nervous system. After many studies and insightful conclusions about the molecular mechanisms of creatine's action in the brain and the finding that it acts as a neurotransmitter, creatine began to be successfully studied as an antidepressant - both in monotherapy and as an adjunct to treatment with SSRI drugs. Years of research have shown that creatine acts through various and not fully understood mechanisms in the course and recovery of stroke. The use of creatine as an additional therapy in stroke prevention for high-risk groups and rehabilitation of stroke patients seems possible shortly. One of the most important aspects of chronic heart failure is the metabolic dysfunction that occurs in cardiomyocytes, including the impairment of the CR/PCR/ATP shuttle. Several studies investigating the role of creatine supplementation in patients with cardiovascular diseases have presented different findings. Therefore, creatine appears as a promising substance with supportive effects in the above-mentioned conditions; however, further research is needed to confirm that the benefit outweighs the risks.
Modern Pharmacological Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: Reviving Known Drugs and New Perspectives
(Meral Publisher, 2024-12) Lastovetskyi, I; Cytlau, B; Marczyk, ?; Zdrojewska, K; ?ach, A; Krupa, J; Lorkowska-Zawicka, B; Gi?ycka, BB.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms such as tremor and rigidity, along with non-motor symptoms such as cognitive decline and depression. Current dopaminergic therapies offer symptomatic relief but fail to halt disease progression, underscoring the urgent need for novel, disease-modifying therapies. This review explores the potential of repurposed drugs from different therapeutic categories—including immunomodulatory, cardiometabolic, and anti-infective agents—as promising therapeutic strategies for PD. Immunomodulatory agents such as c-Abl inhibitors (imatinib, nilotinib) and sargramostim have shown potential in reducing ?-synuclein aggregation and neuroinflammation, although clinical outcomes have been mixed. Cardiometabolic drugs, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists like exenatide, have shown improvements in motor and cognitive symptoms, with ongoing phase III trials evaluating their disease-modifying potential. Anti-infective agents, including doxycycline and rifampicin, exhibit neuroprotective effects through anti-inflammatory and anti-aggregating effects. While some concerns regarding efficacy and toxicity persist, these repurposed drugs offer valuable insights into novel therapeutic approaches for PD. In addition, emerging strategies such as gene therapy, enzyme replacement, and advanced drug delivery systems are discussed for their potential to address underlying disease mechanisms. Despite the lack of definitive disease-modifying therapies to date, advances in drug repurposing and innovative therapeutic approaches provide hope for future breakthroughs. Further large-scale clinical trials are necessary to confirm the efficacy and safety of these treatments.
Efficacy of Homoeopathic Medicines in LM Potency for Treating Hypothyroidism
(Meral Publisher, 2024-12) Behera, MK.
Hypothyroidism is a clinical Syndrome resulting from a deficiency of thyroid hormones, which leads to generalized slowing down of metabolic processes. In infants and children results in marked slowing of growth &development with mental retardation. Whereas in adults leading to slowed heart rate, diminished oxygen consumption & deposition of glycosaminoglycans in intracellular spaces particularly in skin & muscles, female is more prone to suffer from this disorder. The risk is multiplied with increasing age and family history of thyroid disorder. The conventional system deals with prolonged use of Levothyroxine with subsequent increase or decrease of its doses depending on its condition. In homoeopathy we treat them with forming the Totality of Symptoms and by individualistic approach. I report a case of newly Married lady of 24 years old presented with hairfall, mood swings, fatigue and Menstrual irregularities. Natrum Muraticum in 50 millesimal(LM)potency was prescribed on the basis of totality and individualization.
Studying the Efficacy of Tolmetin Radiosensitizing Effect in Radiotherapy Treatment on Human Clonal Cancer Cells
(Meral Publisher, 2024-09) Kwatra, D; Venugopal, A; Anant, S.
One of the methods of cancer treatment is radiotherapy. Although radiation resistance and toxicity in normal cells limit the use of radiotherapy in some specific anatomical situations, the use of substances that increase the radiation sensitivity of cancer cells while minimizing toxicity to normal cells can be beneficial. The present study aimed to investigate the radio-sensitizing effect of tolmetin in radiotherapy treatment on human colon cancer cells. In this study, human clone HT-29 cancer cells in different groups were divided into different groups and exposed to X-rays and tolmetin drugs. They were then compared with each other and with the control group using the micronucleus evaluation method and the nuclear division index. The effect of cytotoxicity was evaluated using the nuclear division index and the genotoxicity of cells was assessed by evaluating the number of micronuclei. Based on the results, the number of micronuclei increased significantly in the radiation-receiving group compared to the control group. In the group receiving tolmetin at concentrations of 75 and 100 ?M, the number of micronuclei also increased compared to the control group. A significant increase in the number of micronuclei was observed in all groups treated with tolmetin that received radiation, with the increase being most pronounced at concentrations of 100 and 150 ?M. Meanwhile, tolmetin did not change the nuclear division index in the studied concentrations. The present study showed that tolmetin has a radiosensitizing effect on HT-29 human colon cancer cells, and this effect is concentration-dependent. In addition, tolmetin was found not to exhibit cytotoxicity in the mentioned cell line.
Tamsulosin Off-Label Use in Kidney Stones: Review and Survey
(Meral Publisher, 2024-06) Taah, V.; Hailemeskel, B.
This study investigates the effectiveness and healthcare perceptions of Tamsulosin, an off-label medication for kidney stone management. Despite the documented benefits, the quest for alternative treatments like Tamsulosin persists, driven by its advantages and patient satisfaction levels. This research includes a literature review and a survey of pharmacy students’ opinions on Tamsulosin, aiming to bridge the knowledge gap. This study, which involved 38 first-year professional pharmacy students, achieved a 92% response rate. The research used questionnaire that collected demographic information and assessed participants' knowledge and opinions using a Likert scale, which was integrated into a drug informatics course. We analyzed the responses using SPSS software, utilizing descriptive and chi-square statistical methods. The survey, completed by 38 participants, revealed discrepancies between current treatment practices and the students' understandings. Despite Tamsulosin's documented efficacy in facilitating stone passage, significant skepticism exists about its use without FDA approval. The research showed varied levels of understanding and skepticism towards off-label use among the students. Moreover, 70.3% of respondents recognized Tamsulosin's potential for managing kidney stones, despite its lack of FDA approval, indicating a cautious yet acknowledging attitude towards non-approved drug use for organ rejection. There's a noted need for improved education and the dissemination of evidence-based guidelines in clinical practice. The study uncovers varied knowledge and perceptions among healthcare professionals and pharmacy students regarding Tamsulosin's use in kidney stone management. The gap between clinical evidence and survey participants' awareness underscores the importance of further research and education to align clinical practices with evidence-based guidelines.
Antiplatelet Therapy and Kidney Function in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease: A Two-Centre Observational Study in Nigeria
(Meral Publisher, 2024-06) Uduagbamen, P. K.; Bamikefa, T. A.; Oyelese, A. T.; O, S. A.; Ano-Edward, G. H.; Adeleke, A. A.; Odafen, O. P.; Siden, D. O.; Tijani, O. E.; Iwuh, D.; Adebanwi, P. T.
Antiplatelet therapy used in preventing cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease may be associated with higher risks of bleeding, low efficacy from fewer occlusive atherosclerotic disease), attenuation of the inflammatory process, and changes in the haemogram. We prospectively determined the kidney function, the haemogram, and the lipid profile of participants with and without antiplatelet therapy. The population with a mean age of 69.21 ± 11.73 years, had more women (65.88%), p=0.001. Participants' age was positively correlated with the CKD stage, p<0.001. Bleeding was more common with clopidogrel than aspirin and, less common with advancing CKD. Cardiovascular events were more common in CKD stage 5. The men had higher eGFR but lower platelet count and platelet neutrophil ratio (PNR) than the women, p=0.004, p<0.001, and p<0.001 respectively. The eGFR, bicarbonate, and HDL cholesterol were higher with versus without antiplatelets, p=0.04, p<0.001, and p=0.001 respectively. The platelet count and PNR were higher with antiplatelet therapy and with higher CKD stage, p<0.001 and p<0.001 and, p<0.001 and p<0.001 respectively. Higher platelet count (OR-0.410, 95% CI-0.02-1.04), lower uric acid levels (OR-0.550, 95% CI-0.271-0.948), higher HDL-C (OR-0.486, 95% CI-0.093-1.013), lower LDL-C (OR-0.572, 95% CI-0.082-1.002) and lower triglycerides (OR-1.274, 95% CI-0.755-1.493) were independently associated with antiplatelet therapy. The benefits of antiplatelet therapy in CKD are anchored on its anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, and kidney function-improving effects, these synergistically lead to lower cardiovascular events. The increased risk and consequences of bleeding, and reductions in leucocytes and erythrocytes population should be borne in mind to prevent heightening morbidity and mortality rates.
Examining the Role and Efficiency of Personalized Medicine in the Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Diseases
(Meral Publisher, 2024-06) Green, S.; Carusi, A.; Hoeyer, K.
Personalized medicine refers to a set of diagnostic, treatment, and prevention activities and approaches based on which patients are classified according to their personal characteristics and medical procedures are performed for them. The purpose of this article is to investigate the importance of personalized medicine, the factors that cause people to differ in their response to treatment, the methods and techniques used to achieve the goals of personalized medicine, and finally to use this method to investigate the possible differences of people in the answer is treatment. Based on this method, either drugs that have been made before are personalized for each person, or recombinant protein drugs are used. Based on the type of factor that has made a person different in response to treatment and medicine, the right type of medicine and the necessary and sufficient dose are prescribed for the person. According to the available reports, regarding the COVID-19 disease, the differences mentioned in different people can be effective in the growing course of the disease, and the use of a personal medical approach leads to the introduction of a safe, effective, and accurate treatment method for different people. But we can say that the most important goal in personal medicine is prevention. Such a way that before contracting the disease, enduring the pain, and finally enduring the side effects of different drugs for treatment, the probability of the occurrence of the disease with the continuous monitoring of the biological indicators of various diseases, which are also identified through personal medicine, in people be checked for health.
The Use of Medicinal Herbs to Treat Male Infertility in Jordan: Evidence-Based Review
(Meral Publisher, 2023-03) Al-Tawalbeh, D.; Bdeir, R.; Al-Momani, J.
Male infertility accounts for about 8 – 14 % of couples worldwide with high dependence on conventional and alternative medicine for treatment. Herbal medicine may be used to treat sperm-related problems, enhance libido or improve hormone levels thus; it is crucial to report the herbal medicine being used by patients in Jordan and highlight their mechanism of action. We searched available ethnopharmacological articles in Jordan where plant use for male infertility was mentioned, collect herbal plants most commonly used and match the results with the reported one in the literature. In conclusion, eight medicinal plants were mostly recorded in Jordan folk medicine for male infertility treatment. All of them were studied in other areas with a result that they can enhance male fertility except for Raphanus sativus L. which acts as an anti-fertility plant. Patients should be encouraged to have proper information about the plants being used and further local studies should be performed to confirm the beneficial effect and safety of those herbal plants.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Calycopteris floribunda on Clopidogrel and Atorvastatin Induced Hepatic Damage in Rodents
(Meral Publisher, 2024-06) Lakshmi, J. N.; Sai, P. C.; Sowjanya, P.; Babu, P. S.; Kanneganti, S.; Thalla, S.
Preclinical testing hepatoprotective potential of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Calycopteris floribunda against liver damage caused by atorvastatin and clopidogrel. Atorvastatin and clopidogrel were delivered intraperitoneally for 14 days at 80mg/kg and 20mg/kg respectively, while leaf extract was given orally for the same period at 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg. To evaluate the impact of the leaf extract on the atorvastatin and clopidogrel-induced liver damage, many biochemical markers, Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), total protein, and serum alkaline phosphatase were measured. Blood samples from mice given hydroalcoholic Calycopteris floribunda leaf extract showed a noteworthy decrease in serum indicators, suggesting that the leaf extract had an impact on the hepatocytes' ability to operate normally again. On the other hand, the mice receiving atorvastatin and clopidogrel treatment showed increased levels, which suggested serious liver injury. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was given as a benchmark. The current investigation found that Calycopteris floribunda hydroalcoholic extract significantly protected the liver against atorvastatin and clopidogrel-induced hepatic damage.
Physicochemical Properties and in Vitro Anti-Obesity Potential of Anethum Graveolens (Dill) Seed Cake
(Meral Publisher, 2024-06) Awasthi, A.; Bigoniya, P.; Gupta, B.
The present study investigates the in vitro anti-obesity potential of Anethum graveolens L. (Family Apiaceae) dill seed cake (DSC). DSC contained dietary fibers, proteins, lignans, and phenolic compounds. Food rich in dietary fiber is vital in lowering dyslipidemia, complications of metabolic disorders, and obesity. DSC was obtained after oil extraction of the dill seed. Physicochemical characterization and lignan profiling were performed by HPLC. An In vitro study assessed the degree of hydrolysis, ?- amylase, ?-glucosidases, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. The DSC has high dietary fiber, moderate protein, and less than ten percent moisture, ash, and fat content with low foreign matter. HPLC chromatogram of DSC showed the presence of lignin-like carvone, perillyl alcohol, perillaldehyde, and cineole. The IC50 value for ?-amylase, ?-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity was 60.18 ± 2.21, 456.42 ± 5.32, and 54.13 ± 2.25 µg/ml, respectively. DSC can ameliorate obesity and associated metabolic complications by inhibiting intestinal carbohydrate and fat metabolism and absorption. Study findings provide a basis for developing dill seed as a nutraceutical supplement for obesity management.
Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine in Psychiatry: A Comprehensive Review
(Meral Publisher, 2024-06) Rao, T. R.; Sravya, G.; Akshaya, D.; Kaushik, T.
Three primary phenotypes in psychiatry have been the focus of pharmacogenetic studies: the development of side effects related to psychotropic drug treatment, the clinical effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs, and the efficacy of antidepressant medications. Pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic effects are the two categories into which pharmacogenetic studies of antidepressants can be divided. Genetic variations that impact antidepressant metabolism can alter pharmacokinetic parameters like plasma drug concentration and half-life. Pharmacodynamics may be changed by polymorphisms that impact the expression or operation of receptors and signal transduction molecules in the brain. Changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics can impact antidepressant effectiveness and adverse effects. Using molecular genetic techniques offers a new way to analyze the variability in the response to psychotropic drugs. Traditionally known as "pharmacogenetics," this area of study offers several unique benefits for identifying informative correlates of psychotropic drug response. This shift from a one-size-fits-all approach to a targeted, patient-specific strategy holds the potential to revolutionize psychiatric care, providing more effective and efficient treatments. Additionally, precision medicine in psychiatry contributes to reducing trial-and-error prescribing, ultimately improving patient outcomes and the overall quality of mental health care. Student, CMR C.

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