Era's Journal of Medical Research
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Item EXPRESSION OF CD44 AS A CANCER STEM CELL MARKER IN ORAL CANCER: A META-ANALYSIS STUDY(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-06) Sohail, M; Charles, M. R; Ahamad, E; Gulfsha, Sahu D; Siddiqui, Z.Various researches have shown that Cluster of Differentiation 44 (CD44) is one of the valued markers. As it plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis but studies also suggest it as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in oral cancer (OC). Therefore, we aimed to explore association between the expression of CD44 and clinicopathological characteristics along with the OC prognosis.We conducted literature search through PubMed database (till October 22, 2020) to determine and evaluate the clinical and prognostic significance of CD44 expression in OC patients. According to the inclusion criteria we finalized 9 studies with 867 OC cases. We found the positive expression of CD44 in advanced stages was prominently associated with reduced survival rate. Our analysis suggest that higher tumor expression of CD44 may predict poor survival in end staged OC patientItem ROLE OF ACC DEAMINASE PRODUCING PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA IN AMELIORATING THE SALINITY STRESS CONDITIONS: A REVIEW(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-06) Gupta, A; Singh, K; Charles, M; Pathak, NSalinity in agricultural soil is a severe problem that affects the growth and production in numerous crops all over the world. The country's salt?affected land is estimated to be 6.74 million hectares. According to estimates, approximately 10% more land is becoming salinized each year, and by 2050, nearly half of all arable land will be contaminated by salt. Plants may have bacterial companions that shield them from the negative consequences of salt stress (SS). Plant growth?promoting bacteria (PGPR) can minimize the usage of agrochemicals while also improving plant production, nutrition, and biotic–abiotic stress tolerance. The enzyme 1? aminocyclopropane?1?carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD) is found in certain bacteria and works by degrading ACC (ethylene precursor in higher plants) into ??ketobutyrate and ammonia (NH ), thereby reducing the ACC levels, thus, inhibits excessive biosynthesis of3 ethylene under numerous stress circumstances. This is one of the most effective methods for inducing plant tolerance to SS. The current review highlighted the recent works of ACCD under SS environment. Further, the relevance of reducing the negative effect of ROS and increasing plant development under SS were also discussed. We propose a path for the community to employ beneficial microorganisms to boost agricultural yield and achieve sustainable development by highlighting plant?microbe interactions in this review.Item EXAMINATION OF HYPERTENSION KNOWLEDGE LEVELS OF HYPERTENSION PATIENTS, TURKEY(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-06) Ikizek, MHypertenson s a global health problem that causes sgnfcant morbdty and mortalty. The am of the study s to determne the hypertenson knowledge level of hypertenson patents. Ths descrptve study s carred on wth 207 patents who appled to a prvate medcal clnc n Ankara, Turkey between January and March 2022. A sem-structured ntervew method was employed n the study to collect data. The questonnare contans two sectons. In the frst secton, the Socodemographc characterstcs form,, and n the second secton, Hypertenson Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS) are used. The data were analyzed wth the SPSS 21.0. The age range of the patents partcpatng n the study vares between 18-73 years, and the mean age s 54.3±4.2. Among the partcpants, 53.1% of them are women, and 70.5% of them are marred. The HK- LS average of the partcpants s found (16.3±3.45). As a result, the hypertenson knowledge level of the patents s found to be hgh n the study. The hypertenson knowledge level s hgher among the young than the elderly, those who pay regular vsts to doctors than those who do not, and unversty graduates compared to prmary school graduates. In order to ncrease the patents' knowledge level, t s beleved that t wll be useful to offer tranng and organze semnars, especally for the elderly, prmary school graduates, and those who do not pay regular vsts to doctors.Item EXPLORING THE SOLASTALGIA: PREDICTING THE COGNITIVE FAILURES AMONG DROUGHT PRONE FARMERS(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-06) Pandey, M.The climatic changes mainly effect the farming profession as, India is regarded as an agricultural portion of the globe because many of its regions are perfect for agrarian production; Due to this shift in climate various types of natural disasters are taking place. One such calamity among several disasters is drought. The present paper focuses on the cognitive failures experienced by the farmers suffering with drought. This paper attempts to study the psychological turmoil experienced by the famers which is termed as, Solastalgia. It is a novel concept that has evolved to make environmental distress more meaningful and clearer. Unlike nostalgia — the morose or anxiousness encountered by individuals who get separated from their home — Solastalgia is the havoc caused by changes in the environment, as it affects people while they are attached to their home settings. The results manifested that the grief observed among the farmers due to the change in their environment hits the mental health and psycho- social status of the agriculturalists. The most important indicator for intellectual failures in the pandemic circumstances is constant substance abuse done by the farmers due to the crop failures they have experiencedItem TWO INTERESTING CASES OF FILARIASIS AT UNCOMMON SITES(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-12) Fatima, A; Khanduri, S; Khan, Z; Ansari, D; Dhingra, V; Jamal, H.Filariasis is a condition resulting from filarial parasites that affects both humans and animals.There are several hundreds of filarial parasites which have been mentioned in medical literature, out of which only eight species are known to cause natural infections in humans. Repeated episodes of inflammation and lymphedema cause lymphatic damage, persistent edema, and elephantiasis of the legs, arms, scrotum, vulva, and breasts. We have reported two cases of filariasis at unusual sitesItem AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION OF LIPOMA ON THE CHEST(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-12) Jalan, A; Ansari, N.A; Kumar, M.Intramuscular lipoma of the chest wall is a rare finding. We present the case of a 51years male who presented to the hospital with mass on the left side of the chest which was gradually progressive in size. After re- evaluation swelling was round in shape, single with well-defined margin and rubbery consistency. Preoperative imaging HRCT thorax was done which suggested a well-defined round, hypodense, non-enhancing space occupying lesion (10.2x 8.6 x2.3cm) with volume of approximately 100ml noted in the muscle of the chest wall (pectoralis major to pectoralis minor) in the left side of the chest most likely lipoma. Histopathology revealed normal adipocytes with small eccentric nucleus.Item THE ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER A1 GENE POLYMORPHISMS AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-06) J, Al-Awaida W; J, Al-Ameer H; Sharab, A; Fatima, G; R, Hadi NInsulin resistance (IR), secretion of insulin, and abnormalities of lipid metabolism are all markers of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which is a progressive and complex metabolic disorder. Major risk factors for the development of T2DM were identified as genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Several studies found that many genes contribute to T2DM susceptibility after glucose tolerance. Adenosine Binding Cassette Transporter Proteins 1 is a member of the ABC gene superfamily that is involved in cholesterol transport and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) biosynthesis. Abnormal cholesterol metabolism, particularly high-density lipoprotein, has been related to genetic variations in the ABCA1 gene (HDL-C). Previous research suggested that ABCA1 gene polymorphisms may a hereditary risk factor for type 2 diabetes, along with lower HDL levels in various populations.Item DELAYED PRESENTATION OF POSTERIOR REVERSIBLE ENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME IN POSTPARTUM PERIOD(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-12) Nishad, S; Ahmad, A; Gupta, U; Srivastava, S.Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an uncommon neurological entity which presents with diverse neurological symptoms ranging from headache, seizure, visual symptoms with altered consciousness and focal signs. The hallmark of this condition is its reversibility. The etio- pathogenesis is attributed to vasogenic cerebral oedema seen in occipital and parietal lobes of brain. We hereby present this case of a multiparous lady presenting with altered sensorium postpartum. Characteristic findings on imaging helped us to form the diagnosis of PRES in this patientItem ANGIOKERATOMA: A RARE MANIFESTATION(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-12) Zehra, A; Tandon, N; Chaudhary, R; Shukla, S; Lal, NAngiokeratoma shows dilatation of capillaries in the upper dermis and it also shows some epidermal changes, like- hyperkeratosis, papillomatosis, and thickening of epidermis or acanthosis .Clinical presentation of angiokeratoma includes plaques over the skin of lower limbs, mostly on the buttocks or thigh. It is usually identified clinically but a definitive diagnosis is made only on histopathological examination.A deeper biopsy of the lesion is empirically essential to make a concrete diagnosis as the characteristic changes seen in angiokeratoma, are limited to superficial dermis. Our case report has a 24 years old female presenting with unilateral, linear, bluish-black verrucous plaque on the back of left elbow.Item BASALOID SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA- A RARE METATYPICAL TUMOR- CASE REPORT(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-12) Tiwari, K; Misra, V; GuptaV; Dhingra, K; Gupta, S.A rare kind of squamous cell cancer is called basaloid squamous cell carcinoma occurring in sixth to seventh decade of life with male predilection. It preferentially occurring in upper aerodigestive tract. Rare case reports are presented in the classical age group with a poor prognosis. A 46 year's senior old male patient showed up to otorhinolaryngology department with chief complain of growth on base on left side of tongue and supra-glottic growth. On radiological evaluation by Multislice CT Scanning, a heterogeneously enhancing mass lesion measuring approximately 25×38 mm was noted at the base of tongue. On cytological evaluation of the lesion, highly cellular smear showed malignant morphology of the cells. Histological evaluation reveals a tumour mass in which neoplastic cells were composed of two different cell types – the majority of the cells population consisted of basaloid cells with abrupt association of foci of squamous cells suggesting basaloid variant of Squamous cell carcinoma. We brought this case for acknowledgment due to its rare occurrence, lower age of presentation, poor prognostic value as well as high metastatic potential.Item NEUROSCIENCE, METACOGNITION AND LANGUAGE TEACHING(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-12) Hasibuddin.Metacognition, or 'knowledge and cognition about cognitive phenomena’ is our human ability to think about the way we think and learn. By engaging in metacognition, human beings can actively manage and regulate what we do before, during and after the process or action. Although metacognitive awareness is a hidden psychological construct, it manifests itself in three ways, i.e. (i) metacognitive knowledge, (ii) metacognitive experience, and (iii) strategy use. Metacognitive knowledge includes person's knowledge, task knowledge as well as strategy knowledge. Strategy use includes language learning and language use. Metacognitive knowledge is an indicative knowledge about how one is thinking and learning can be positively or negatively influenced by internal factors such as personality traits, background strategic processes, as well as external factors such as the nature and demand of learning and communication tasks. This article focusses on how neuroscientific developments can inform teaching practiceItem ASSOCIATION OF ?-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASES (GGT) WITH AND WITHOUT HYPERTENSIVE RETINOPATHY IN NORTH INDIAN POPULATION(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-12) Nigam, B; Chaturvedi, A; Sharma, K.?-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) has been extensively studied because it mediates the intracellular uptake of extracellular glutathione, a key component of the antioxidant mechanism. The most common modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease is hypertension, and has been found to be associated with serum GGT levels, especially in middle-aged and older adults. Serum GGT is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. A case-control study was conducted for 24 months with patients with pre-diagnosed hypertension in the ophthalmology department. Patients were classified into two groups, group 1 with 50 patients previously diagnosed hypertensive patients aged 40 years without hypertensive retinopathy and group 2 (100 patients) with had hypertensive retinopathy. Serum gamma-glutamyl- transferase was measured using the CORAL Colorimetric Assay Kit. Majority of patients were aged between 40 to 59 years and were females. SBP, DBP and MAP significantly increased in group 2 when compared with group 1. Majority of group 2 patients had GGT levels >40 U/l (89.0%), while the majority of group 1 had her GGT levels less than <40 U/L (62.0%). According to our study, GGT was significantly increased in patients with high blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and a family history of hypertension.Item PROSTATE CANCER AND DIABETES BIOLOGY OR DETECTION BIAS(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-12) Khan, A; Chandra, A; Mahdi, AA; Raza, ST; Sarkar, E.Prostate cancer and diabetes are the two highly prevalent health problems in men worldwide and have a high mortality rates but their association is quite complex and contradictory. This review reported several population based studies which tried to establish a possible association and explains the mechanism by which diabetes exhibits its effect on prostate cancer progression. It also explores the literature around the expression of various receptors and genes which enlightens the possible molecular basis of association and the effect of current antidiabetic drugs like metformin and insulin on the growth and advancement of prostate cancer in diabetic men. Masking of early tumor detection by diabetes might be the possible explanation for the reported inverse association with worse prognosis and shorter survival rate in diabetic prostate cancer patients.Item ORAL CANCER NOVEL TREATMENTS AND APPROACHES(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-12) Srivastava, A.N; Misra, J.S; Ahmad, S; Anwar, SThe aggressive tumour known as oral cancer can metastasize, produce a high fatality rate, and infect nearby tissue. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, for example, are common treatment options that, when used in clinical settings, have both minimal drawbacks and major side effects. Currently, oral therapeutic medication delivery using targeted drug administration is proving to be effective. In recent years, an effective alternative therapy known as “nanomedicine,” or using nanoplatforms to deliver drugs for the treatment of cancer, has evolved. Thanks to the use of nanoplatforms, drug delivery to the tumour site can be done precisely and with minimal drug degradation in the body. As a result, the drug's toxicity is diminished, its concentration at the tumour site is elevated, and its distribution to other organs is kept to minimum. We present a contemporary review of the development medication delivery targeted for the treatment of oral cancer in this article different oral delivery systems, including as cyclodextrins, liposomes, hydrogel-based forms, and nanolipids are highlighted and explored. Biomimetic systems, such as therapeutic vitamins, proteins, exosomes, and virus-like particles, with a focus on cancer treatment, are also described. The study concludes with a brief analysis of future applications for nanoplatforms in the treatment of oral cancerItem THERAPEUTIC USES OF BUTEA MONOSPERMA(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-12) Singh, K; Srivastava, A.K.New synthetic drugs have many side effects on health as compared to the traditional herbs used in the past.The use of medicinal plants have been en established source for a relief from illness which can be traced back over five millennia. Antibiotics are one of the life saving weapons for humans but over the past few decades these health benefits are under threat as antibiotics have become less effective and also create toxic after effects affecting human life more. The well-known medicinal herb Butea monosperma is a moderately Sizeable deciduous tree and is widely dispersed in Asian hemispheres, Burma and Sri Lanka. From time to time it has been used in traditional medicinal practices. It has been mentioned in ayurveda for medicinal uses and mythological references, also The population's health care system continues to be heavily influenced by traditional medical practises, homoeopathy, and folklore. Rural and tribal people utilise the herb extensively to treat a variety of ailments. It is known in many languages apart from its botanical name. It is called Flame of forest, Dhak, Palash etc. It has been used to treat a variety of illnesses including cancer, diabetes, dysentery, fever, jaundice, diarrhoea, and jaundice, among others. A great variety of phytochemicals, primarily flavonoids, lactones, diterpenoids, phytosterols, etc., are present in the plant's aerial portion. The need for new antimicrobial compounds from alternative sources has arisen as a result of the development of drug resistance in human infections against routinely used antibiotics. Finding possible novel chemicals for therapeutic purposes requires screening medicinal plants for antibacterial and phytochemical propertiesItem BLENDED LEARNING INNOVATIVE EFFECTIVE STUDENT CANTERED EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES IN THE NURSING PROFESSION(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-12) Ghosh, G; Anwar, S.Blended learning, a pedagogical approach is nowadays widely accepted as a combination of both “face-to-face” and online learning components. Concerns have grown throughout time regarding an instructional methodology and a teaching and learning strategy. Several studies and reviews all over the world highlighted that Blended Learning is the most effective method of transferring knowledge to the students and implementation of this approach in professional fields like medical, nursing, and paramedical courses will not only improve the teaching- learning environment but also motivate the students in the self-directed learning approach. The term is specifically given to the educational practice of using a combination of traditional classroom teaching and digital learning. National and internationally this method are being used in an educational institution to motivate the students in effective learning. Computers and technology have their own impact on Integrated learning and the teaching-learning process utilizes these impacts to improve the learning methods of the students.Item A RARE CASE REPORT OF GALLBLADDER ASCARIASIS(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-12) Jalan, A; Musa, O; Afroz, A.Hepatobiliary ascariasis is found in subtropical or tropical countries and is prevalent geo-helminth infection. Ascariasis lumbricoides are found mainly in the small intestine. Rarely the worm may migrate to the pancreatic duct or common bile duct but rarely to the gallbladder due to cystic duct which is strait and tortuous. The gall bladder ascaris can cause obstructive features due to lithiasis or calcified worms. The management is usually conservative if the worm is alive or else it can be removed by surgeryItem HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF UTERINE LEIOMYOMA VARIANTS – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-06) Yadav, M; Gupta, P; Agrawal, V; Ali, S.S.To study the histomorphological spectrum of uterine leiomyoma variants. This study is done over a period of three year (May 2019 to May 2022) in the Department of Pathology, LNMC, Bhopal. Total of 316 hysterectomy and 14 myomectomy specimens were studied. Specimens were fixed in formalin and paraffin embedded. H&E stained tissue sections were studied. In the study we performed retrospective analysis of hysterectomy and myomectomy specimen and 330 cases of leiomyoma were evaluated. Among 330 cases, 316(95.75%) were hysterectomy specimen for varying indication and 14(4.24%) were myomectomy specimen. Histologically the usual leiomyomas was comprising of 164(49.69%) cases followed by hyalinised leiomyoma 70(21.21%), myxoid leiomyoma 15(4.54%), hydropic change 12(3.63%), cellular 11(3.33%), lipoleiomyoma 10(3.03%), calcification 10(3.03%), infarct type necrosis 10(3.03%), mitotically active 8(2.42%), symplastic 7 (2.12%), schwanonian 6(1.81%), epithelioid 3(0.90%), dissecting leiomyoma 2 (0.60%) and stromal metaplasia (osseous and cartilaginous) 2(0.60%). Leiomyoma is the commonest benign smooth muscle tumor of the uterus with a number of histological variants. In this study conventional leiomyoma being the commonest variant followed by hyalinized leiomyoma, myxoid leiomyoma, hydropic leiomyoma and lipoleiomyoma. It is important to categorise various types of leiomyoma on histology to avoid misdiagnosis.Item A CLINICOHAEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF ADVERSE TRANSFUSION REACTIONS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH BLOOD COMPONENTS(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-12) Salmani, A; Bhardwaj, A; Ahmed, S; Raturi, G.Different blood components are associated with various types of adverse transfusion reactions and are linked to several factors including the number, rate and volume of transfusions. The given study was conducted to study the relationship between various transfusion reactions and its causative factors. This study was a prospective study carried out over eighteen months on all patients who received a blood transfusion and blood components including various adverse reactions and events related to transfusion. These were correlated with tests for compatibility including general blood picture ,tests for haemolysis ,hematuria and haemoglobinuria, Coombs Test (Direct and Indirect), culture along with relevant clinical details of the patient. Out of a total of 31451 units of blood issued, 47 adverse transfusion reactions were noted with a maximum number in the age group of > 18 years (87.3%) with M: F being 1.6: 1 .0.24% of adverse transfusion reactions were by Packed red blood cell transfusion and mostly were immediate transfusion with a mean volume of 100 ml and mean time of 20 minutes. Febrile Non Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR) was the most common Adverse Transfusion Reaction (ATR)(0.128%) with 2 cases positive for Direct Coombs Test. A thorough serological and immunological examination and the addition of methods like buffy coat reduction and leucocyte filtration help in reducing the incidences of hemolytic transfusion reactions and transmitted infections and establishing a hemovigilance system help in the attainment of the goal of safe transfusionItem ACUTE PANCREATITIS IN PREGNANCY CHALLENGES(Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, 2022-12) Nishad, S; Ahmad, A; Gupta, U; Singh, S.We report a case of a 24 years old lady at 32 weeks 5 days of gestation, who was referred to our hospital with severe pain the upper abdomen and radiating to the back , associated with vomiting with history of raised blood pressure. After investigations she was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis with non severe pre eclampsia. She was managed by multidisciplinary team approach and improved.