International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Bio-Science
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Editor: Mr. Harnish Patel
ISSN: 2277-8713; (Print)
Frequency: 6 issues a year
Language: English
Open Access Peer-reviewed journal
Web site: https://www.ijprbs.com/index.php
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Recent Submissions
Item Development And Validation Of Uv-Visible Spectrophotmetric Method For The Simultaneous Estimation Of Emtricitabine And Tenofovir Alafenamide In Bulk And Tablet Dosage Form(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2019-06) EBIN, CJ; SHEEJA, VKAbstract: A simple, rapid, accurate and economical method has been developed for thesimultaneous estimation of Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Alafenamide in tablet dosage form.The linearity of the method was found to be in the range of 10.8µg/ml- 12.8µg/ml forTenofovir Alafenamide and 86.4µg/ml-102.4µg/ml for Emtricitabine. From the developedmethod the drugs showed maximum absorbance at 263 and 281nm for Tenofovir Alafenamideand Emtricitabine respectively. The percentage purity of the drugs was found as 96.8 and97.6%w/w for Tenofovir Alafenamide and Emtricitabine respectively. The method was alsofound to be accurate, precise, robust and rugged. The limit of detection and the limit ofquantification were found to be 0.234µg/ml and 0.710µg/ml for Tenofovir Alafenamide and2.25µg/ml and 6.83µg/ml for Emtricitabine respectively..Item Phytochemical Analysis Of Lindernia Madayiparense Extracts By Gc-Ms(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2019-08) UMAKRITHIKA, S.; MANNA, P.K.; KANNAN, K.; LATIFF, M. K. M. ABDULBackground: However, lindernia species were considered as weeds, they occupy amost important place in the traditional system of medicine used worldwide especially in China.Linderniaceae is a family having high traditional medical summary with less pharmacognostical,phytochemical and biological profile. Objective: This study was designed to identify andcharacterize the phytochemical profile of different crude extracts of newly identified wholeplant Lindernia madayiparense, using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC- MS).Method: Powdered plant material was extracted and evaluated for various in-vitropharmacological activities. Furthermore the potent extracts were analyzed by GC- MS. Results:The obtained Total ion chromatogram of potent extracts revealed the different types of havingsmall and moderate phytochemicals under the classification of alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoidsand phenols in major and minor amount. Conclusions: The study gives a detailed insight aboutthe phytochemical profiles of three crude extracts of Lindernia madayiparense. So thechemical entities found are may be responsible for the pharmacological activities that probablywill act as lead molecules for furthermore drug development process.Item Method Development And Validation Of Donepezil Hydrochloride By Using Uv Spectrophotometric Method(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2019-06) DUSI, SHARMILA; J, SWAMINATHANAbstract: Simple, specific, accurate and cost economic UV spectrophotometric methods weredeveloped and validated for determination of Donepezil Hydrochloride. Instead of usingorganic solvents, mixture of Acetonitrile and water was used during method development andvalidation. Donepezil hydrochloride standard solution was scanned in the UV range (400-200nm) in a 1cm quartz cell in a double beam UV spectrophotometer. The standard solution ofDonepezil Hydrochloride showed maximum absorption at wavelength 231 nm. The methodobeys Beer’s law in the concentration range from 4-20µg/ml. The correlation coefficient wasfound to be 0.9983and regression of the curve was found Y=0.0376x+0.0185 with excellentrecovery 99.66-100.83%. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be0.197µg/ml and 0.6µg/ml respectively. The ruggedness and robustness were performed. Themethod was validated for several parameters like accuracy, precision as per ICH guidelines.Statistical analysis proved that the methods are repeatable and specific for determination ofthe drug. These methods can be adopted in the routine assay analysis of DonepezilHydrochloride in API and pharmaceutical dosage form.Item Psychological Impact Of Corona Outbreak On Indian Youth(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2020-09) PAWAR, VARSHA; SONTAKKE, JANARDHAN; KHADKE, ANANDDue to corona outbreak in India since last few months there is a drastic change inlivelihood of the people. Closure of schools, colleges and work places has resultedpsychological uncertainty in Indian youth. 402 people across the country participated in thesurvey to study psychological impact of corona pandemic. The youth between 18-29 years oldparticipated in the survey and responded to the questionnaire. . The study was conducted inbetween 16 June to 4 July. The participants were asked to choose the most suitable options intheir opinion. The data analyzed showed a negative impact on the Indian youth. Nearly half ofthe youth suffered a psychological changes resulting in depression, anxiety, emotional changesand irregular sleeping pattern.Item Simultaneous Estimation Of Paracetamol(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2019-06) PATEL, KRUTI M.; PARMAR, MANEESHA; PATEL, RAVIAbstract: The study describes method development and subsequent validation of HPTLCmethod for simultaneous estimation of paracetamol (PCM), diclofenac sodium (DCL) anddicyclomine hydrochloride (DICY) in marketed combined tablet dosage form. The drugs wereextracted from marketed tablet dosage form: Spasmodart. The separation was carried out onaluminium sheet precoated with silica gel 60 F254 using toluene: ethylacetate: methanol: formicacid (5.5:3.5:2:0.02, v/v/v/v) as a mobile phase. The spots were scanned densitometrically at266 nm wavelength for paracetamol and diclofenac sodium. The plate was then dipped in panisaldehyde reagent and spots of dicyclomine hydrochloride were scanned at 638 nmwavelength. The Rf values of paracetamol, diclofenac sodium and dicyclomine hydrochloridewere found to be 0.41, 0.71and 0.24 respectively. Calibration curves were linear in range of3250-9750ng/spot, 500-1500ng/spot and 200-600ng/spot for PCM, DCL and DICY respectively.The limit of detection (LOD) for paracetamol, diclofenac sodium and dicyclomine hydrochloridewere found to be 812.5, 125 and 50ng/spot respectively. The suitability of this method forquantitative determination of compounds was proved by validation in accordance with ICHGuidelines. Therefore this method can be applied for routine analysis of these drugs in tabletformulation.Item Optimisation Of Biosurfactant Production By Serratia Rubidaea Kap Isolated From Oil Contaminated Soil Sample(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2019-08) PENDSE, ANURADHA; ARUNA, K.Surfactants are surface active molecules which play an important role in variousindustrial processes and product formation due to their interfacial properties, biodegradabilityand eco-friendly nature. Many of the chemical surfactants in use today are produced fromnon-renewable petrochemical feedstocks, hence bio surfactants produced by microorganismsusing renewable and cheap substrates are considered as viable alternatives to petroleumbased surfactants. In the current study, the optimization of various parameters for maximumproduction of bio surfactant, by Serratia rubidaea KAP isolated from oil contaminated soilsample, was carried out. Optimum bio surfactant production was obtained in a mediumcontaining; (g %) KH2PO4 (0.3), Na2HPO4 (0.6), yeast extract (0.5), NaCl (0.5), (NH4)2SO4 (0.3),MgSO4.7H2O (2mg), FeSO4.7H2O (0.002), and CaCl2.2H2O (0.006), rice bran oil (5% v/v) with C:N and C: P ratio as 8:1 and 7:1 respectively. The media was adjusted to pH 7.2, inoculated with5% v/v test culture prepared at 0.8O.D600nm, and incubated at 30°C for 96h under agitationspeed of 160rpm. The resulting bio surfactant yield of 1.0g% was achieved, with 0.88g% weightof dry biomass, 56.78% decrease in surface tension of the medium and emulsification index of87.5%. Thus the isolate showed good potential as a bio surfactant-producing bacterium thatcan be used for large scale production using rice bran oil as a cost-effective substrate, as analternative to chemical surfactants.Item Therapeutic Applications Of Areca Catechu (betel Nut Tree)(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2020-09) S., JEEVITHA; M., NARMATHA; G., GOWSHIKAA; M., RAJA MEHALA; A., ARCHANAAreca catechu, commonly known as betel nut tree belongs to the family Arecacea. Itgrows in much of the tropical Pacific, Africa and parts of East Asia. It has some beneficial partslike husk, leaves, nuts and sheath which can be used for different purpose. It contains alkaloidsand tannins that have anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory andantioxidant activities. The plant contains phytochemicals and phenols that have potentialbioactivity against diseases in humans. Traditional use of the plant for medicinal applicationshas to be documented for their possible use as future medicines or drugs. The nuts and leavesof the plant have also proved to be effective in the removal of heavy metals and inbioremediation. In this article, the medical applications of the areca plant as an herbal drugand its therapeutics application have been elaborated.Item Formulation(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2019-08) GOSWAMI, NILAMGIRI; PATEL, RAKESH P.; PATEL, VAISHALI N.; SHAH, DHAVAL G.Nitrofurantoin is a broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotic that affects both Gramnegative and Gram-positive bacteria. Nitrofurantoin exhibits bacteriostatic or bactericidaleffects by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA, RNA, protein and cell wall synthesis. Nanocrystals ofNFT were prepared by Cold High Pressure Homogenization Technique. NFT was dispersed inaqueous surfactant solution containing Poloxamer 188, PVPK 30 and HPMC E3 undercontinuous stirring. Poloxamer 188 was used as a surfactant for the preparation of the NCsFormulation NC9B3 have mean particle size 231 ± 9nm with Polydispersity index 0.09 ± 0.02which indicates very narrow particle size distribution. % Entrapment efficiency was 98.3± 0.7Slow drug release profile indicates the homogeneous dispersion of NFT in lipid matrix. NCshave crystalline nature with rough surfaces which has been confirmed using SEM analysis.XRPD spectra show the reduction in crystalline behaviour of the drug and the lipid afterformation of the NCs. There was no significant change in the mean particle size andPolydispersity index after 6 month storage at 25°C/60% RHItem Comprative Study On The Family: Hydrophilidae, Sub–Family Hydraeninae And Spercheinae Tribe- Hydrobiini From Kumaon, Garhwal And Agra Regions(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2019-04) SAROJ, SHIV KUMARIn this study the aquatic Coleoptera species collected from various places of UttarPradesh and Uttrakhand states. Province in 1990 were evaluated. Over all two genera and 2species concerning the super family Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: sphaeridinae andHydraeninae) were detected in the areaItem Artifical Intelligence In Pharma Manufacturing: A Review(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2020-09) BOROLE, UNNATI. M.; NAYAN, N. KADUSKAR; SHINDE, KARTIK. G.In the world of pharmaceuticals, there is a vital role for robotics to play in thecomplicated processes of research and development, production, and packaging. Justificationfor robots ranges from improved worker safety to improved quality. A number of robotmanufacturers have products specifically designed for this industry. Industrial robotics forpharmaceutical applications has a bright future. With a rapidly aging population that urgentlyrequires sophisticated medical devices and newer drugs, robotics systems are increasinglyadopted for improved productivity and efficiency to meet this growing demand. Robots inlaboratory, life science and pharmaceutical applications perform tasks at rates beyond humancapability. These robots function in potentially hazardous settings in proximity to biologicaldangers, the threat of radioactive contamination and toxic chemotherapy compounds.Robotics is called upon to assemble and package a variety of medical devices and implants aswell as preparing prescriptions for mail-order pharmacies or hospitals. The Laboratory RoboticsInterest Group (LRIG) is an international non-profit organization dedicated to the study anddiscussion of laboratory automation. LRIG activates the uses of laboratory automation in highthroughput screening, drug discovery, combinatorial chemistry, chemical synthesis, compoundpurification, compound distribution, data management, pharmaceutical dosage form samplepreparation, dissolution testing, bio analytical technology, chemical analysis, solid phaseextraction, validation and product formulation.Item Herbal Cosmetic: A Simple And Natural Beauty Secret(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2020-06) MONDAL, ANTARA; BASAK, SUSMITA; MONDAL, SUPRODIP; Sen DHRUBO JYOTI; MAHANTI, BEDUINThe concept of beauty and cosmetic is an ancient as mankind and civilization. The word‘COSMETIC’ was derived from the Greek word “KOSM TIKAS “meaning having the power, arrange, skillin decorating. In starting with 1990, some cosmetic manufacturer company claims that addition ofsome plant based active ingredient, therapeutically benefit to describe the OTC skin care products, suchas alpha – hydroxy acid, retinoic acid, ascorbic acid and coenzyme. The herbal cosmetic is thepreparations containing phytochemical from a botanical source, which influence the function of skinand provide nutrients necessary for the healthy skin and hair. The beauty of skin and hair depends uponsome facts such as – healthy habits, climatic conditions, routine job and maintenance. In front ofmirror, we don’t recognize ourselves, in compare to 10 years back. Dark circles under the eyes,pigmentation, wrinkles – all of these indicate our aging problems. There is some small basic step thatyou can follow everyday of your life – the ‘CTM’ process. This CTM process not only applicable for theone who has the aging problem, but also applicable for all the ages of public both man and woman. Likeany other branch of science and technology, present scenario of herbal medicines has its own limitationarising out of its own technical constituents. Coconut oil is good for especially dry skin. Some commontriggers for hair fall – genetic, hormonal, stress, medications, Immunity, Radiation, Tight Hairdos.Bhringraj; it promotes hair growth, prevents hair fall, treat damaged hair and strengthens hair follicles.An itchy scalp and flakiness are the hallmark signs of dandruff, but it may also cause other symptomslike greasy patches on the scalp and tingling skin. Neem; it stimulates hair growth, promotes scalphealthy and act as an anti-bacterial. Stop taking an herb if any side effect develops such as allergy,stomach upset, skin rash or headache.Item Biological Evaluation Of Leaf And Bulb Extract Of Allium Cepa Var. Aggregatum(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2020-06) SAKTHIPRIYA, M; T, VIJITH ROYThe present study was aimed to biological evaluation of leaf and bulb extract ofAllium cepa Var. aggregatum. Shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum), a variety species of onionwhich is a well-known traditional nutraceutical and medicinal plant that is cultured and used allaround the world. It is also called by small onion, potato onion, underground onion, shallot,multiplier onion, nesting onion, ever-ready onion. The bulb and leaf both the part of plantshows medicinal use. The leaf and bulb extract of plant shows significant effect on antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity. Apart from this, it is also used for diabetes, woundhealing, cytotoxic activity, anti-parasitic, cardio-protective, anti-microbial, anti-pyretic,insecticidal and hepato-protective. It also rich in flavanoid, phenolic compound, tannins andpolysaccharides which responsible for various therapeutic activity. The anti-inflammatory andantioxidant activity have been performed with bulb and leaf extract of the plant with aqueoussolvent (Environment friendly) which showed good activity compared to standard.Item Hydrophilid Beetles Of Kumaon(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2019-10) SAROJ, SHIV KUMARSome of the important work on taxonomy on aquatic and terrestrial beetles pertaining tothe present survey are done mainly by sharp (1890),Regimbert (1903), d’Orchymont (1925,1928)etc.These are predaceous in nature and overall 2 genera and 3 species concerning the super familyHydrophiloidea (Coleoptera : Hydrophlidae) tribe - Hydrophilinae were collected in the Kumaon ,Garhwal and Agra regionsItem The Modern Engineering In Biosimiliar Drugs Development As Bioactive Gene Clonning(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2020-06) KUMAR, VISHWAKARMA RAVI; GUPTA RANDHIR KUMAR; MISHRA, ABio therapeutic product tends to similar properties like- efficacy, Safety and qualityto a licensed bio- originator. USFDA guideline clearly said that Bio-Similar drugs are not genericmedications nor identical to the innovator medicine and also it’s not ensuring therapeuticequivalence with innovator drug. Getting Bio-Similar product marketing approval is achallenging task. To improve access of Bio-Similar drugs within the US market, US-FDA allowsabbreviated pathway for their approval. Recently India is becoming a most preferabledestination for Bio-Similar manufacturers, because of Make in India program. Introduction ofrecombinant technique to prepare Monoclonal antibody based Bio-Similar drug becomingpopular within pharmaceutical manufactures because of many recent patent expiries ofBiologics. The biologies are produced by cell culture method; hence, chances of variability’s aremore as comparable with the chemically synthesized conventional medicine and variousbiological medicines has led to developed Bio-Similar drugs across the globe. The biologies areproduced by cell culture method; hence, chances of variability’s are more as comparable withthe chemically synthesized conventional medicine. Therefor it is impossible to produce anidentical copy of an innovator product; hence, Bio-Similar is not considered as generic drugs.These drugs are Twin but not a clone of the innovator drug. The Bio-Similar drugs always facechallenges regarding verification of the similarity, the interchange ability, unique naming todifferentiate the various Bio-Pharmaceutical products, commercial opportunities, IPR andpublic safety.Item Evaluation Of Anticonvulsant Activity Of Cow Urine Betel Vine Extract In Mice(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2019-12) B. A, SOWMYA; M.N, SUNIL KUMARThe present study was designed to investigate the anticonvulsant activity of Cowurine betel vine extract in rats. Anticonvulsant activity was performed by using the two modelsMaximal Electric Shock (MES) induced convulsions and Pentylene tetrazole (PTZ) inducedconvulsions. The animals were fed with Cow urine betel vine extract at the dose of 250 and500mg/kg b.w orally for a period of 14 days. The pretreated extract reduced the convulsions ina dose dependent manner which was determined by taking the duration of flexion, extensor,clonus and stupor phase and Percentage of inhibition of seizures relative to controls wascalculated.Item Pcr Testing On Diagnosis Of Covid–19(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2020-06) MAHANTI, SUBARNA; SEN, DHRUBO JYOTI; MAHANTI, BEDUINThere are multiple issues with setting up new diagnostic testing capacity outside ofregular diagnostic laboratories. This is not an overnight solution. Research laboratories havedifferent approaches, equipment and staff. There are multiple steps to ensure that themethods used and results are a correctly validated, as there is nothing more dangerous at themoment than reporting incorrect negative or positive results to staff or patients. That beingsaid we can adapt and validate assays and make them work using our equipment that can thenbe rolled out to support the NHS. PCR is a method widely used to rapidly make millions tobillions of copies of a specific DNA sample, allowing scientists to take a very small sample ofDNA and amplify it to a large enough amount to study in detail. It is fundamental too much ofgenetic testing including analysis of ancient samples of DNA and identification of infectiousagents. Using PCR, copies of very small amounts of DNA sequences are exponentially amplifiedin a series of cycles of temperature changes. PCR is now a common and often indispensabletechnique used in medical laboratory and clinical laboratory research for a broad variety ofapplications including biomedical research and criminal forensics.Item Microsponge: An Innovative Strategy For Drug Delivery System(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2019-12) G., CHAITRA; B.A, SOWMYAMicrosponge technology has been introduced in topical drug products to facilitatethe controlled release of active drug into the skin in order to reduce systemic exposure andminimize local cutaneous reactions to active drugs. Microsponge consists of macroporousbeads, typically 10-25µ in diameter, loaded with active agent. When applied to the skin, themicrosponge releases its active ingredients on a time mode and also in response to otherstimuli. Microsponge drug delivery technology holds a great promise for reaching the goal ofcontrolled and site-specific drug delivery and hence, has attracted wide attention ofresearchers. This article presents a broad review of Microsponges delivery system discussingthe principles and preparation methods. Appropriate analytical techniques for characterizationof Microsponges like Particle size and its distribution, surface morphology, porosity, densityare covered. These microsponges are used in the sunscreens, creams, ointments, over-thecounter skin care preparations, which are meant for topical application. Microsponge drugdelivery can provide increased efficacy for topically active agents with enhanced safety,extended product stability and improved aesthetic properties in an efficient and novel manner.They are mostly used for topical use and have recently been used for oral administrationItem Comparative Acaricidal Bioefficacy Of Spilanthes Acmella And Calotropis Procera Of Eastern Himalayan Region Against Cattle Tick(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2019-10) BHASKAR, SUNITA; SHARMA, VIVEK; RAHAL, ANUIn this study, relative toxicity of Spilanthes acmella and Calotropis procera wasevaluated against adults and larvae of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The aerial part ofboth plants materials were collected from Eastern Himalayan Region (West Bengal) of India.Plant materials were washed, shade dried, coarsely ground, methanol extracted and dried byrotary evaporator and collected proper yield of extracts. The crude methanolic extracts werefurther fractionated using solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform) of different polarity andfinally aqueous fraction was collected and dried. Methanolic crude extracts and their fractions(hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and aqueous) concentrations of both the plants weretested against the engorged adult females and cultured larvae of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)microplus. The bioefficacy observations are shown in table 3 and mentioned LC50, LC90 andtheir related statistics. Adult and larval stages were significantly affected by the chloroformextract of both the plants selected and observed the most potent with LC50 50.22 and 13.86mg/ml of Calotropis procera and LC50 60.94 and 25.82 mg/ml of Spilanthes acmella.Item Development And Validation Of Hplc Method For Simultaneous Estimation Of Sertaconazole Nitrate And Zinc Pyrithione In Combined Dosage Form(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2019-04) VERMA, ASEEM; GUPTA, MANISH KUMARDrugs like Sertraconazole nitrate and Zinc Pyrithion were analyzed by manymethods individually viz HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography) etc but there is nosingle method reported for the simultaneous determination of Sertraconazole nitrate and ZincPyrithion in combination. Although Sertraconazole nitrate is official in British Pharmacopoeiabut Zinc Pyrithion is not official in any Pharmacopoeia. Hence a proper research work is wellaimed to develop and validate a new analytical method for simultaneous estimation ofSertraconazole nitrate and zinc Pyrithion in Pharmaceutical Dosage form.Item Design(Bimonthly published online Journal, 2019-12) UMAKRITHIKA, S; CHANDRALEKA, K; FAHIMA, S; KARTHIKA, S; GEETHA, BAccording to one pot microwave assisted synthesis, the versatile precursor 2- aminothiazole was prepared and utilized for the construction of new thiazole hybrids targeting MCF7 cell lines. 2‐amino thiazole was condensed with corresponding aldehydes to yield Schiff’sbase (2) intermediates followed by the diazo coupling reaction furnished the designed hybrids(3) contains azo-methine and diazo linkages in its structures. The newly synthesizedcompounds were confirmed on the basis of IR and H1NMR spectral analytical data. All thesynthesized compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro cytotoxicity activity against MCF-7celllines using MTT assay method. The obtained results revealed the more promising compoundsof the synthesised series, 3B and 3H with CTC50 value of 17.77±0.31μg/ml, 17.83±1.14 μg/ml.