Siriraj Medical Journal

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/136440

Editor: Ouay Ketusinh

ISSN: 2228-8082 (Print)

Frequency: Bi-monthly

Language: English

Published by Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University

Peer-reviewed open access journal indexed in Index Medicus

Web site: https://www.sirirajmedj.com

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 2077

Tissues and organs From embalmed cadavers can be used for histological slides.
(2012-01) Sripaoraya, Kesorn; Roongruangchai, Jantima; Viravud, Yadaridee
Cleidocranial dysplasia in a Thai cadaver.
(2012-01) Netvichit, Siriluk; Pilakasiri, Kajee; Charernwat, Boonsong
A rare cleidocranial dysplasia or Marie-Santon syndrome1 was seen in a man who devoted his body for anatomical study of medical students in faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital. It was shown that there were typical bony anomalies of this disease in his body. According to his family history, he was diagnosed as cleidocranial dysplasia. Until now he had transferred these characteristics to his two next generations; two sons, one daughter and one nephew. This disorder might have a strong genetic inheritance.
Physical fitness of the applied Thai traditional medical students at faculty of medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University.
(2012-01) Limjindaporn, Thawornchai; Ekpruchayakoon, Warit; Ekpruchayakoon, Warit; Manoonpol, Chayanit; Singthong, Numpone; Subsatitkul, Ronnachai; Chantakarn, Sunanta; Laohapand, Tawee; Pranootnarabhal, Tharnthip
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the fitness of applied Thai traditional medical (ATTM) students thereby obtaining data to promote a greater physical fitness in ATTM students. Methods: Cardio-respiratory fitness, muscular strength, flexibility and body composition were measured in 208 ATTM students from years 1 to 4 in the academic year 2010. To determine their lifestyles, questionnaires were also answered by ATTM students. Results: Firstly, although cardio-respiratory fitness of female ATTM students was within normal limit of Thai, cardio-respiratory fitness of male ATTM students was lower than that of Thai. Secondly, muscular strength of both male and female ATTM students was lower than those of Thai. Thirdly, flexibility of ATTM students was comparable to that of Thai. Fourthly, although BMI of ATTM students was comparable to that of Thai, the average waist to hip circumference ratio of female ATTM students was higher than that of female Thai. Finally, eighty four percent of ATTM students exercised less than three times a week and fifty percent of ATTM students ate less than three meals per day, respectively. Conclusion: ATTM students need not only the training programs for cardio-respiratory fitness, and muscular strength but also need a breakfast campaign. Persuading them to pay more attention to their physical exercises and appropriate diets will eventually create the healthy ATTM practitioners in the future.
Depleted immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP) expands the endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi apparatus in dengue virus-infected cells.
(2012-01) Wongwiwat, Wiyada; Niyomchan, Apichaya; Yenchitsomaus, Pa-thai; Sricharoenvej, Sirinush; Limjindaporn, Thawornchai
Objective: To test whether depleted expression of immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP), which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone, in dengue virus (DENV)-infected cells, affected integrities of the ER and the Golgi apparatus of the host cells. Methods: Either siRNA against BiP- or control siRNA-transfected cells was infected with DENV and subjected to electron microscopic evaluation. Results: Depleted expression of BiP affected integrities of the ER and the Golgi apparatus in DENV-infected cells. Conclusion: Integrities of the ER and the Golgi apparatus maintained by BiP in the host cells is necessary for DENV production.
The study of the transverse sections of 7-10 somite chick embryos by the scanning electron microscopy and compared with the classical light microscopy.
(2012-01) Pilakasiri, Kajee; Pornkuntham, Amphaphorn; Roongruangchai, Jantima; Koedpuch, Kasem
Objective: To comparatively study the use of scanning electron microscopy and conventional light microscopy of the transverse sections of the 7-10 somite staged chick embryos as model for the study of development of human embryo. Methods: Conventional light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy had been applied as tools for the study of the chick embryos. Results: The results showed that scanning electron micrographs gave the clearer different views of chick embryo transverse sections as compared with the conventional light microscopy. Conclusion: From this study it was clearly shown that the three dimensional images obtained from scanning electron microscope could give comprehensive view of chick embryo specimens. Hence this should be the good alternative way for Embryology study.
Bioactive compounds of thai red hot chili dip (nam prik ta dang) and effects on antioxidant activities and lipid peroxidation in rats (in vitro and in vivo models).
(2012-01) Kettawan, Aikkarach; Charoenkiatkul, Somsri; Rungruang, Thanaporn; Tancharoen, Salunya
This study aimed to study the efficacy of Thai Red hot chili dip (Nam Prik Ta Dang) on antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitor in vitro and in vivo models. Healthy recipe of Nam Prik Ta Dang (NPTD) was developed by Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University used in this study. Fresh NPTD was determined for some bioactive compounds, and the antioxidant activities were evaluated by two different methods as oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The result showed that NPTD contained total polyphenol and also carotenoids such as beta-carotene and lutein. In vitro antioxidant activity values of NPTD was 204.3 ± 8.5 and 17.2 ± 2.7 micromole Trolox equivalent/gram for ORAC and FRAP, respectively. Freeze-dried NPTD was used for evaluating antioxidant activity and antilipid peroxidation in healthy rats. Daily administration of normal diet mixed NPTD for 2 months, serum ORAC significantly increased to compare with control group (p < 0.01). Lipid peroxidation marker as serum Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) significantly decreased to compare with control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, healthy recipes of Thai red hot chili dip or Nam Prik TA Dang obtained various bioactive compounds which exhibited significantly antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, daily consumption of NPTD showed the efficacy in inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Further study, it could be studied in oxidative stress condition and human clinical trials.
Antioxidant and antiplasmodial activities of curcuma longa and aegle marmelos on malaria infeced mice (in vitro and in vivo).
(2012-01) Kettawan, Aikkarach; Wongsansri, Kanokkarn; Chompoopong, Supin; Rungruang, Thanaporn
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Thai Curcuma longa and Aegle marmelos, and their parasite suppressive effects on malaria infection in mouse model. The polyphenol content and antioxidant activities (Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP)) were measured in crude extracts of Curcuma longa and Aegle marmelos. Seven-week old female ICR mice were divided into 5 groups randomly. First two groups served as control and placebo, the other 3 served as experimental groups with various concentrations; 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg, respectively. On day 0, 106 Plasmodium yoelii 17X (lethal) strain were inoculated to all mice. At day 1, placebo mice were given 30% ethanol. The latter 3 groups were treated with each concentration of each herb. Parasitemia was checked daily by tail snip bleed staining with Giemsa staining. Suppressive effects on day 4 were calculated. Student t-test was performed to display the difference among groups. Significantly different was justified at p <0.05. The antioxidant activities (both ORAC and FRAP) and polyphenol content of A. marmelos were higher than those of C. longa significantly. The suppressive effect on parasite in infected mice, there showed no effect of C. longa treatment, oppositely, at the doses of 20 and 40 mg/ kg body weigh of A. marmelos showed suppressive effect on infection by the parasite. In conclusion, a Thai traditional fruit, A. marmelos exhibited high antioxidant and antiplasmodial activities, this might be one of the candidates of the traditional plants for curing malaria.
Light and transmission electron microscopic studies of the third stage larvae of anisakis simplex.
(2012-01) Roongruangchai, Jantima; Tamepattanapongsa, Apichat; Roongruangchai, Kosol
Objective: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the structures of the third stage larva of Anisakis simplex in marine fish by using light microscope (LM) and transmission and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Methods: L3 Anisakis simplex were processed for conventional light and electron microscopic studies. Results: The body wall of the L3 A. simplex is composed of three layers, the cuticle, hypodermis and somatic muscular layer from the superficial to deep surface of the worm, respectively. The cuticle is thick, functions as a protective barrier and barring the antigenic molecules. Furthermore, TEM reveals that the cuticle is subdivided into cortical, middle and basal layers from outer to inner part of the cuticle. This layer is highly filamentous and the filaments arrange randomly in several directions. The hypodermis is a thin layer which functions as the cuticular productive layer. The lateral hypodermal cords are bilobed. The somatic muscular layer is composed of a single row of muscle cells, which lie along the long axis of the body. The gastrointestinal tract of the worm is a straight tube, lined with stratified epithelium and surrounded by the basal lamina. The intestinal epithelial cells contain various organelles, which its luminal surface presents numerous microvilli for absorption of nutrient molecules. Conclusion: The cross section of LM and TEM can be used to distinguish the nematode species, as the LM reveals the lateral cords of L3 A. simplex are bilobed structures which are different from other species.
Light and electron microscopic studies of the structural damages of acanthamoeba cysts by pouzolzia indica methanolic extract fraction 4 solution.
(2012-01) Roongruangchai, Jantima; Sookkua, Tichaporn; Kummalue, Tanawan; Roongruangchai, Kosol
Objective : This study was to investigate the morphological changes and ultrastructural damages of the Acanthamoeba cysts after treated with the minimal cysticydal concentration (MCC) of Pouzolzia indica methanolic extract fraction 4 solution by light and electron microscopies. Materials and Methods : Acanthamoeba cyst which prepared followed the method of Roongruangchai K15,16 were adjusted to the final concentration of 104 cysts/ml and treated with 1:4 soltion of fraction 4 Pouzolzia indica methanolic extract, the Thai medicinal plant. which was the minimal cysticidal concentration (MCC) 16. The cysts then, were centrifuged and the pellets were prepared for light, scanning and transmission electron microscopies. Result : Light micrographs showed the cytoplasmic clumping and some empty cyst wall. Transmission electron microscopy showed the ruptures of both ectocyst and the endocyst wall with some opercula damages. The cytoplasm aggregated and clumped. Scanning electron microscopy show steps of damage which started from shrinkage and collapsed of the cyst walls, then the cysts began to bulge and swell resulted in decreasing in the wrinkles of the cyst walls. The cytoplasmic contents drain out from the cyst wall and finally the cyst walls were ripped and torn into small pieces. Conclusion : Pouzolzia indica methanolic extract fraction 4 at the MCC of 1:4 caused structural damages to the Acanthamoeba cyst including shrinking of the cyst walls with the ruptured of the ectocyst, endocyst and operculum, edema and break out into pieces. The active ingredients of this Thai medicinal plant should be further studied as this can eventually be one of the regimen for the treatment of the Acanthamoeba keratitis or as a solution for cleaning the contact lens or contact lens case solution.
Phagocytosis: Mechanism of uptaking the nutrition of the embryonic cells.
(2012-01) Roongruangchai, Jantima; Roongruangchai, Kosol; Kolaka, Ratirat
Objective : To demonstrate the mechanisms of the embryonic cells, the epiblast, the mesoblast and the hypoblast of the chick embryo uptaking their nutrition by transmission electron microscopic (TEM) point of view. Materials and Methods : The chick embryos of about 18-27 hours incubation were used, the primitive streak and the 7 somites stages of the embryo were processed for routinely transmission electron microscopic study at the region of primitive streak, where the mesoblast originates from the epiblast. These stages correspond to the 15 days and 20 days of the human embryos, respectively. Results : The ultrastructural features of the epiblast, mesoblast and the hypoblast were observed. The epiblast cells arrange themselves as stratified columnar epithelium. The apical cells are columnar while the deeper cells are bottle-shaped and the deepest cells are round and separated to become the mesoblast. The superficial surfaces of the apical cells show many pseudopodia some of which curve to join with the adjacent. The clear materials are completely surrounded when the encompassing plasma membranes fuse and the membrane surround the engulfed material forms a vacuole, known as the phagosome, which detaches from the plasma membrane to float freely within the cytoplasm. The phagosome is then in some way recognized by one or more lysosomes which fuse with the phagosome to form the secondary lysosome. When the digestion is completed, the lysosomal membrane ruptures, discharging its contents into the cytoplasm. Undigested material remains within the membrane-bound vesicles called residual bodies, the contents of which later discharge at the cell surface by exocytosis. These processes also occur at the external surfaces of the hypoblast cells which arrange themselves as the simple squamous epithelium. The ventral plasma membrane shows many pseudopodia and also the series of phagocytotic process. The numerous clear vacuoles distribute in the cytoplasm of the epiblast and the hypoblast. These vacuoles are the nutritional uptake of the cell from the outside environment, the epiblast gets its nutrition from the albumin while the hypoblast from the egg yolk. Concluison: TEM evident shows clearly that numerous clear and unclear vacuoles distribute throughout the cytoplasm of the epiblast and hypoblast. These vacuoles are the phagosomes of several stages of phagocytosis, and serve as the nutritions for the cells, as the cells are still young and also have no definitive organelles to produce their own materials. This findings also give another excellent model of explaining the series of the phagocytotic process.
Light and transmission electron microscopic study of spinal cord in embalmed and fresh cadavers.
(2012-01) Viravud, Yadaridee; Palakornkul, Vasana; Sripaoraya, Kesorn; Urusopon, Kriengkrai
Objective : To observe and differentiate histological structures and ultrastructures by light microscope and transmission electron microscope between embalmed cadaveric spinal cord and fresh cadaveric spinal cord. Methods : The spinal cords were dissected from seven embalmed cadavers of the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University. The specimens were prepared for routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining for light microscope (LM)study. Some of the specimens were prepared to study by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Finally we observe and compare between spinal cord from embalmed cadaver and fresh cadaver. Results : By viewing with light microscope, the quality of spinal cords from embalmed cadavers are better and clearer than from fresh cadavers. Viewed by transmission electron microscope, the lipid part in the spinal cord from cadaveric embalmed tissues is degenerated but the protein part is not deformed. Conclusion : The spinal cords from cadavers which were fixed by excess formalin injection and embalmed in formalin for 1-2 years , are well-preserved for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining techniques for light microscope (LM) study in Histology. However in the EM of spinal cord sections from embalmed cadavers, the protein component was more likely withstand to formalin and embalmment procedures compared to the lipid componennt (e.g.myelin sheath, cell membrane).
Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of cerebellum in embalmed and fresh cadavers.
(2012-01) Sripaoraya, Kesorn; Viravud, Yadaridee; Plakornkul, Vasana
Objective : The study is to examine the quality of the histological slide of cerebellum in embalmed cadaver when compares with fresh specimen or the standard textbook by using light and transmission electron microscopic studies. Method : The cerebellums were chosen from the embalmed cadavers who donated their bodies to the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University. These cerebellums were prepared by two techniques for light and electron microscopic studies. The visualization of the cerebellar microscopic slides were compared with the fresh specimens or standard textbooks. Results : The cerebellar sections which were obtained from the cadaveric cerebellar embalmed were suitable for making the microscopic slides that can be used for studying histology of the medical students. From light microscopic study, the microscopic structures are as good appearances as in the standard textbooks. Some specimens have better microscopic structural appearances. The fixative formula is suitable for light microscopic study but not suitable for transmissiom electron microscopic study. Conclusion : The microscopic slides from sections of the cerebellums which were obtained from the embalmed cadavers which have been fixed by Siriraj fixative formula and kept in soaking preservative formula for 1 year and have been dissected for studying gross anatomy and neuroanatomy by the medical student under room temperature can be used for microscopic slides that suitable for further teaching or stydying histology.
The histology of the pineal gland in cadaveric embalmed specimens.
(2012-01) Urusopon, Kriengkrai; Phornkunnatham, Umphaphorn; Roongruangchai, Jantima; Sripaoraya, Kesorn; Viravud, Yadaridee
Objective: This study is to observe ultrastructurally of the pineal gland from cadaveric embalmed specimens by light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Methods: Ten pineal glands were removed from cadaveric embalmed specimens. Each pineal gland was disected into two groups, one was put into 10% formaldehyde and the other was put into 2.5% glutaraldehyde. The first group was processed for light microscopy. First of all, fixed the tissues in formalin and then embedded in paraffin. Next, serially sectioned at eight micron and finally stained. Staining methods were (i) haematoxylin and eosin, (ii) Masson-Fontana method for melanin. The second group well preserved in 2.5% glutaraldehyde was chosen to prepare for the TEM. Results: Only five out of ten cadaveric pineal glands viewed by light microscopy were well preserved. In LM, we saw clearly that all ultrastructures or morphology of the cadaveric embalmed pineal gland cells were the same as the standard textbook. Melanin pigments were accumulated in both of the cytoplasm of pinealocytes and the stroma of pineal gland proved by Masson-Fontana staining. Mast cells were found throughout the gland but preferably found in the connective tissue trabeculae. A neuronal-like cell was found in the parenchyma of pineal gland. Extrapineal and intrapineal calcified concretion called corpora arenacea or brain sand were presented. Intrapineal concretions in the parenchyma were globular and concentric lamellar patterns while extrapineal concretions which were adjacent to the capsule were concentric lamellar only. TEM of pineal gland showed that it was moderately preserved in the chemical fixative of this formula. Cadaveric pinealocyte showed some organelles and chromatin extraction while the environmental fibrillar structures were well preserved. Conclusion: The histological findings in the pineal glands from cadaveric embalmed specimens are similar to fresh cadavers. Moreover, they can be used to prepare the normal slides for Histology Lab of the second year medical students. The presences of the melanin pigments in the cytoplasm of pinealocytes and stroma, mast cells, corpora arenacea, and neuronal-like cells confirm the previous studies.
Cardiac ultrastructure in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
(2012-01) Lanlua, Passara; Chotimol, Phatiwat; Sricharoenvej, Sirinush; Baimai, Sani; Piyawinijwong, Sitha
Objective: To examine the alterations of four cardiac chambers in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by using light and transmission electron microscopies Materials and Methods: Eleven STZ-induced diabetic and six control adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were applied. After the induction for 24 weeks, all heart chambers were proceeded with histological and ultrastructural techniques. Results: In the diabetes, swollen endothelial and mesothelial cells laid on thick basal lamina, and their cytoplasm comprised numerous pinocytotic vesicles, vacuoles, and dilated rER. The subendocardial and subepicardial layers were enlarged with accumulations of collagen fibrils. Both cardiac myocytes and Purkinje fibers became hypertrophy. The interstitial fibrosis, contraction band necrosis, and infiltrations of lymphocytes and macrophages were observed in some areas of myocardium. The myocardium of the left ventricle showed interstitial hemorrhage. In both cardiac myocytes and Purkinje fibers, the arrangement of sarcomere was irregular with lost myofilaments. Moreover, swollen mitochondria with disrupted cristae were examined and increased in number. The number of specific atrial granules decreased in the atrial cardiac myocytes. Increased lipid droplets and myelin figures were seen in the myocytes. The intercalated disc was disrupted in some portions. The capillary lumen was narrowed due to swollen endothelial cells with thick basal lamina. Conclusion: DM causes numerous cardiac alterations in all three layers of four chambers. This study provides an important basic knowledge for understanding the pathological changes and options for further therapeutic treatment of cardiac complications in the diabetic patients.
Ultrastructural changes of hepatic stellate cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
(2012-01) Sricharoenvej, Sirinush; Siratechawiwat, Amonrut; Lanlua, Passara; Niyomchan, Apichaya; Baimai, Sani
Background: Thirty to forty per cent of diabetic patients develops liver cirrhosis. The hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play an essential role in development of liver fibrosis. Objective: The goal of this study was to demonstrate histological and ultrastructural changes of HSCs in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by using light (LM) and transmission electron microscopies (TEM). Materials and Methods: Thirteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Diabetic rats (n=8) were induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg) in citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Each control rat (n=5) was injected with an equal volume of the buffer. The animals were sacrificed at 24 weeks. Liver specimens were examined by utilizing two approaches of LM and TEM, respectively. Results: Under LM observation, most shape of the diabetic HCSs was spindle. Moreover, there were more numerous collagen fibers in the perisinusoidal space of diabetes. By using TEM, the number of HSCs in diabetic group significantly increased. Furthermore, the HSCs in the diabetic group obviously changed into myofibroblast-like cells. The lipid droplets in the cytoplasm noticeably declined in number, which were replaced by collagen fibers. In addition, dilatation of rER and Golgi complex, increasing in number of mitochondria, and binucleated nuclei occurred in the diabetic group. Also, the collagen fibers were accumulated in diabetic perisinusoidal spaces. Conclusion: These new observations provide a research perspective on ultrastructural changes of diabetic HSCs in developing liver cirrhosis, which is more than previously considered. This perspective may have important implications for improved therapeutic treatment.
Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on lingual histological changes in the rats.
(2012-01) Sricharoenvej, Sirinush; Sungkua, Sumarttra; Lanlua, Passara; Baimai, Sani; Roongruangchai, Jantima
Background: Many studies suggest that taste disorders and tongue lesions associate with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the lingual histopathology underlying impairments in taste sensation, swallowing and speaking in the DM is poorly examined. Objective: The present study aimed to clarify histological changes of the tongues in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic and control rats by using light microscopy. Materials and Methods: Eight male adult Sprague-Dawley rats; five STZ (60 mg/kg)-induced diabetic and three control rats, were studied. At 24 weeks after the induction, tongues were collected and processed by conventional histological technique with Masson’s trichrome staining. Results: In the DM, thickness of epithelium reduced, whereas that of keratin raised. Moreover, loss of characteristic layering was found. These cells became loss of chromatin. Furthermore, total numbers of taste buds in all types of lingual papillae per a tongue significantly decreased, when compared to those in the control. In both diabetic lamina propria and muscular layer, there were collagen fibers accumulations, numerous inflammatory cells, and swollen endothelial cells with narrowing of capillary lumen. In the muscular layer, average sizes of intrinsic skeletal muscle cells in all zones of diabetic tongue were significantly smaller than those in the control. Conclusion: It is possible that changes in histological characteristics of the tongue are important mechanisms underlying the development of taste disorders, impairments of swallowing and speaking in diabetic patients.
Technique of colored latex vascular injection in neurosurgical soft cadaveric head.
(2012-01) Ratanalekha, Rosarin; Tirakotai, Wuttipong
Objective : To present our technique of injected vascular specimen, so as to facilitate the process of cadaveric head preparation.Material and Method : Colored latex is used to inject the extracranial part of cerebral arteries and veins. The process is composed of three steps and can be summarized as follows: 1) exposure and cannulation of the extracranial vessels 2) irrigation of vessels to remove blood clol and 3) preparation and injection of the colored latex. Results : The quality of the injection was evaluated by inspection of both superficial and deep vascular trees( both venous and arterial dural vessels). There was sometimes the leakage of latex from the vessels. Conclusion : The simple and inexpensive process of cadaveric head preparation would promote the neuroanatomical knowledges of neurosurgical residents and practicing neurosurgeons.
The origin of profunda femoris artery in Thais.
(2012-01) Thitilertdecha, Siriporn; Rungruang, Thanaporn; Voraphattropas, Chollada
This study was to investigate the variation patterns of the origin of profunda femoris artery (PFA) in terms of normal and variation patterns in human preserved cadavers. Two hundred and twenty four femoral triangles in human preserved cadavers were dissected. Sites of origins were identified. Diameter and distance of PFA were measured. We found that PFA was mostly originated from posterior site of femoral artery (FA) at a distance of 35 mm from midpoint of inguinal ligament. Compared between sexes and sides, these distances in females (31.54 mm) approved more proximally than those of males (37.68 mm) at p=0.017. Moreover, the distances on the left sides (33 mm) approved more proximally than the right sides (36.22 mm) at p=0.006. The average diameters of PFA were 5 mm, females (5 mm) were smaller than males (5.42 mm) with p=0.017. In conclusion, PFA that we found was originated from posterior site of FA and average distance of its origin was about 35 mm. Regarding undertaking operative or interventional procedures within the femoral region, this knowledge could be applied to prevent complication during surgical approach or percutaneous vascular access.
Anatomical consideration of length and angulation of the styloid process and their significances for eagle's syndrome in Thais.
(2012-01) Promthale, Phennapa; Chaisuksunt, Vipavadee; Rungruang, Thanaporn; Apinhasmit, Wandee; Chompoopong, Supin
Objectives: Elongated styloid process was reported concerning dento-maxillofacial and ear-nose-throat patients. Several studies described that its length as well as the anterior and medial angulations occasionally involved in the symptom of Eagle’s syndrome and the surgical shortening of the process could alleviate neck and cervicofacial pain in patients. This study aimed to investigate the length and the angulation of the styloid process, and to study the occurrence of the elongated styloid process in Thais. Methods: The investigation was done in both sides of 176 Thai dry and 150 cadaveric skulls with intact styloid processes. The length and the angulation (anterior and medial angles) of the styloid process were measured and expressed as Mean±SD. A styloid process longer than 30 mm was identified as an elongated styloid process. Results: The means of length, and anterior and medial angles of styloid process were 24.12 ± 7.28 mm, and 28.03 ± 9.85 and 23.53 ± 10.19 degrees, respectively. Out of all styloid processes, 18.40% (11.70% in males, 6.70% in females) were the elongated styloid process. There was no statistical difference of angles between groups with normal and elongated styloid processes (P>0.05). Conclusions: The elongated styloid processes were found up to 18.40% of Thais. The presence of the elongated styloid process and its angulation, though rare, does highlight the importance of routine examination of the styloid process as it may cause pain in craniocervical region.
Anatomic and morphometric consideration for external landmarks of foramen spinosum in Thai dry skulls.
(2012-01) Kwathai, Lanaprai; Namonta, Krisana; Rungruang, Thanaporn; Chaisuksunt, Vipavadee; Apinhasmit, Wandee; Chompoopong, Supin
Background and Objectives: The foramen spinosum (FS) is an important opening on the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and transmits the middle meningeal artery to the middle cranial fossa. Because the presence of FS is important in microsurgery of this area, the anatomic and morphometric consideration for localizing the FS using external landmarks were studied. Methods: One hundred and three dry skulls were examined for the FS in the middle cranial fossa and at the extracranial view of the skull base. The type of FS was classified according to its shape. Its diameter and the distances to the zygomatic arch (ZA) and the external acoustic meatus (EAM) were also measured. Results: The FS in both views of the skull base was mostly round in shape (43.2% intracranially and 49.5% extracranially) and was present bilaterally 30.1% extracranially. The maximum and minimum diameters of the FS and the FS-ZA distance were greater in males than females and the ZA-EAM distance was greater on the right than the left sides significantly. (P<0.05) Conclusion: Although a great variation was found in the shapes of the FS, prior estimation of the location of FS was suggested using external landmarks as the point on the ZA 16.42 mm anterior to the EAM and 34.19 mm from that point medial and perpendicular to the ZA. These findings may help neurosurgeon to approach the middle cranial fossa more precisely and gain better preservation of surrounding neurovascular structures.

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