International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences
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Editor : Dr. Sukhbir Sodhi
ISSN: 2454-8952(Print), 2320-1118 (E-Print)
Frequency: 2 issues a year
Language: English
Double blind peer reviewed journal
Web site: https://ijmds.org/
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Item Abdominopelvic tuberculosis masquerading ovarian malignancy - Histopathology key to management.(2014-01) Bharatnur, S; Ramkumar, V; Kudva, RAbdominopelvic tuberculosis (genital tuberculosis) may mimic ovarian malignancy in clinical presentation, ultrasound findings and laboratory tests. We present two cases of genital tuberculosis where a provisional diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma was made. One patient underwent surgery and the other was treated conservatively. These cases underline the mandatory need of a high index of suspicion in our country, towards pelvic tuberculosis preoperatively in a patient with adnexal mass.Item Acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura - An underdiagnosed entity.(2015-07) Sindhu, R; Behera, SK; Nayak, J; Mishra, DPAcquired Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (AATP) is a rare cause of thrombocytopenia presenting over a wide age group with symptoms of bleeding and bone marrow showing isolated absence of megakaryocytes in an otherwise normal marrow. Here, we report a case of AATP in a three year old female child who was then treated with anti thymocyte globulin successfully. We report this case because of it’s under diagnosis or misdiagnosis as immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in most of the cases. We also review the literature regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of this undiagnosed entity.Item Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome – A pedodontist’s perspective.(2015-07) Joshi, AB; Gopakumar, M; Hegde, AMAIDS was believed to be associated with a certain group of people, later the belief changed when the disease start encroaching other set of people. As science evolved, the knowledge about transmission of the virus grew and the evidences for the maternal transmission of the virus were found. Among children, most cases of infection by HIV are transmitted vertically, i.e., from mother to child. As they have an immature immune system, which may cause the rapid and severe progression. Children who are vertically infected present considerable weight loss, delayed development, delayed dental eruption, fewer permanent teeth, prolonged retention of primary teeth and various number of dental anomalies. The most important comeback by the science was by the establishment of antiretroviral protocols which has reduced the occurrence of oral changes. There been a decline in the rate of HIVrelated oral manifestations following the introduction of HAART. Many studies evaluating the efficacy of HAART demonstrated positive results and better lifestyle of the infected children. It is clearly known fact that there are considerable regional variations in the oral manifestations of HIV infection, depending both on the populations studied and on the clinical expertise available, among other factors. This review article explains the manifestations, dental implications and the various treatment regimens to be followed in pediatric patients.Item An adult worm in the eye.(2016-07) Qazi, M S; Khetan, S P; Tankhiwale, S SWe report a case of ocular loiasis in a 9 yrs old girl. Very few case reports of ocular loiasis have published from India to date. Loa loa is a subcutaneous filarial parasite of man and known to be transmitted to humans by Chrysops flies. Patient presented with visual disturbances due to worm in her eye. A live adult worm was extracted and identity was confirmed by gross and microscopic examination to be Loa loa. Patient was treated with albendazole, gentamicin and steroids.Item Alarming rise in chronic liver disease and challenges ahead.(2014-01) Singh, GPThis editorial stresses on the alarming rise in chronic liver diseases and the challenges faced in future regarding its management.Item Amyloidosis Presenting as Severe Bleeding Diathesis(Dr. J.S. Sodhi Memorial Educational Society, 2017-02) Tripathi, P; Pati, H P; Tyagi, S; Mahapatra, M; Ahuja, A; Saxena, RBleeding is one of the rare presentations of Amyloidosis. The mechanism behind spontaneous or peri- interventional bleeding in patients of amyloidosis is complex and involves multiple co-existing factors like coagulation factor deficiency, abnormal synthesis of coagulation factors due to advanced liver dysfunction, acquired Von Willebrand disease, platelet dysfunction, amyloid angiopathy and other unknown mechanisms. We present a case of middle aged female, presenting with spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage, on further investigations was found to have systemic amyloidosis and secondary severe factor X deficiency (2.7 % of normal by one stage factor assay method). Factor X deficiency (both inherited and acquired) is known to present with the most severe bleeding phenotype. The management option for such acute spontaneous haemorrhage is limited and mostly supportive in nature. Definitive treatment is directed towards the primary pathology and requires chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Item An ascending aortic haemodynamic comparison between normotensive and hypertensive subjects.(2013-01) Narayana, VK; Sharma, S; Murthy, NBackground: Systemic hypertension, a common disorder with potentially serious complications, exerts ill effects through structural and functional modifications of arterial wall. Haemodynamics play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Local hemodynamic temporal pressure and wall shear stress are important for understanding the mechanisms leading to various complications in cardiovascular function. Objectives: Since we could not find such a study in literature involving Indian population, this prompted us to investigate and establish the relationship between the blood pressure and the ascending aortic pulse wave parameters in normal individuals and compare the same with hypertensives. Material and methods: A case control study was done in a terary care hospital involving 25 hypertensive paents and further compared with 25 normotensive subjects of same age group acng as control. The GE ̶ P 100 Doppler echocardiography machine was used to study acceleration time, deceleration time, ejection time, ejection fraction, peak flow velocity and pressure gradient in hypertensives and compared the same with age matched normotensive. Also ascending aortic diameter was mapped at the annulus. Results: The results of our study confirmed our assumption that in hypertensive the ascending aortic haemodynamic parameters are abnormal and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure does exert a statistically significant influence on the Doppler parameters of ascending aorta. The acceleration time, deceleration time, pressure gradient and ejection time showed statistically significant increase in hypertensives when compared to normotensive. At the same time the ejection fraction and the ascending aortic diameter showed a statistically significant decrease than normotensive. Conclusion: We would conclude to say that the Doppler parameters of ascending aortic blood flow are abnormal in hypertensives. This altered haemodynamics may lead to further ill effects by way of altered peripheral haemodynamics. This Doppler evaluation of ascending aortic blood flow can be developed as a clinical tool for evaluating hypertensives and assessing the benefit of treatment of hypertension.Item Assessing response of perimenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding after treatment.(2016-07) Rani, MS Shobha; Mallika, MBackground: Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) is caused by either Organic lesions such as genital tract infections, tumors, adenomyosis, pregnancy and its complications, systemic disorders or Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB). In women ≥ 40 years, and certainly in menopausal patients, it mandates evaluation to confirm benign nature of the problem, by ruling out endometrial carcinoma, so that medical treatment or conservative surgery can be offered and unnecessary radical surgery can be avoided. Objectives: Categorizing of Perimenopausal women with AUB for further management according to histo-pathological report and to study the efficacy of medical management (Mainly Progestins). Material and Methods: A total of 60 patients were selected who presented with symptoms of abnormal uterine bleeding at perimenopausal age group (40-54 years). Histopathological results were evaluated after obtaining endometrial tissue and patients are treated accordingly. Treatment response was assessed and tabulated. Statistical Analysis has done by danielsoper.com using chi-square test. Results: Abnormal uterine bleeding was mostly seen in multiparous women with parity >2 about 63.3%. Among menstural irregularities, 45% of cases presented with menorrhagia. Most of the patients were diagnosed as Anovulatory DUB about 60%. Out of 11 hyperplasia patients, 2 (18.1%) patients diagnosed as complex hyperplasia without atypia. No progression of AUB has seen after MPA treatment among all patients with endometrial hyperplasia. Conclusion: Cyclical oral progestogens are effective in regulating and reducing irregular bleeding due to Oligo/Anovulation. Majority of the cases of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia can be successfully treated with progestogen therapy.Item Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pharmacovigilance among the Interns in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India-A Questionnaire Based Study(Dr. J.S. Sodhi Memorial Educational Society, 2017-02) Garg, P; Sharma, V; Bajaj, J KBackground: The use of drugs and occurrence of its ADRs go hand in hand. Spontaneous reporting of ADRs is an effective method and needs to be encouraged. Objective: The study was planned to know the perception of interns towards pharmacovigilance and to make them aware of the importance of ADR reporting. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional observational questionnaire based study conducted on 100 interns to gather information about the knowledge of Pharmacovigilance, attitude towards reporting and factors in practice which could act as a deterrent to the reporting of ADRs. Results: Out of the 100 interns, 90 responded. 50 % participants knew the purpose of PV. 67% agreed that it should be mandatory. 59% and 67% said that medical students and nurses have a role to play in PV. Half of the interns had seen an ADR, only 42% knew how and where to report. Very few (9%) were aware of what happens to the information submitted by them. Conclusion: There is a huge gap between knowledge of ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance and the practical reporting of ADRs. Our health care providers need to be well equipped to detect, manage, report ADRs. For this, educational intervention, regular training programmes are the need of the hour to create awareness and take care of the factors responsible for under reporting. Pharmacovigilance programme needs to be strengthened by increasing the rate of ADR reporting by active participation of health care providers.Item Assessment of rapid dipstick test for diagnosis of urinary tract infection in asymptomatic pregnant female(Dr. J.S. Sodhi Memorial Educational Society, 2016-01) Khanna A; Khanna MItem Association between psychological distress and occlusion among temporomandibular disorder patients – a clinical study.(2016-07) Lakshmi, S; Dyasanoor, SBackground: TMD is a multifactorial disorder significant research efforts have been invested in finding its etiologies and management to improve their quality of life. Objectives: To evaluate and compare digital occlusal parameters, depression, anxiety and serum cortisol level between temporomandibular disorder patients and control group. Material and methods: A sample size of 24 TMD patients and 24 apparently healthy age and sex matched controls were recruited in the study. The patients occlusion time and disclusion time was recorded using T-Scan III, the level of anxiety and depression was evaluated by using Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale questtionaire and serum cortisol was evaluated by collecting fasting blood sample, under aseptic conditions. Results: The incidence of premature contacts (occlusal interferences), clusion time and disclusion time was significantly longer in TMD group than in control subjects. The anxiety and depression scores were statistically significant in TMD group compared to control group, but no statistically significant difference was observed in serum cortisol levels. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated increase in the premature contacts i.e occlusal interferences were high with increase in clusion time, disclusion time, anxiety and depression scores in TMD group, where as no significant increase in serum cortisol levels was seen among TMD group even though their anxiety and depression levels were high. Hence, patients with temporomandibular disorders should always be evaluated for stress and anxiety along with the T- Scan evaluation of occlusal prematurities and correction of the same.Item Association of micro and macrovascular complications with fatty liver in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.(2014-01) Suresh, V; Guptha, NSRC; Bhargavi, EUBackground:Fatty liver is a fairly common entity seen in the diabetic population. Studies showed that liver adiposity is independently associated with Insulin Resistance and can substantially increase the risk of various micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Aims: Identifying various micro and macrovascular complications and finding their association with fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes patients. Material and methods: 141 diabetic patients admitted in a tertiary care center over a two year period were screened for fatty liver by ultrasonography of the abdomen and were classified into FL (fatty Liver) group and NFL (non fatty liver) group. All patients were investigated for complications like nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, cardiac and peripheral vascular disease. Statistical analysis was done to find the association of complications with fatty liver. Results: out of 141 patients, 49 (35%) had fatty liver. Leading complication was neuropathy (31.2%), followed by nephropathy (11.3 %), retinopathy (10.6 %), cardiac disease (9.2%) and peripheral vascular disease (3.55). Between FL and NFL groups, Diabetic neuropathy (40.8% vs 23.9%) and cardiac disease (16.3% vs 5.4%) showed statical significance (p<0.05), while other complications were more or less equally prevalent in the two groups. Conclusions: Fatty liver is seen in one third of diabetic patients. vascular complications like neuropathy and cardiac disease are more commonly seen in diabetic patients with fatty liver than those without fatty liver.Item Azilsartan medoxomil: Angiotensin receptor blocker in the treatment of hypertension.(2013-01) Sood, M; Bajaj, JKHypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease. It’s early detection and control is critically important as it is an important attributable cause of stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and ESRD. Recent data indicates increasing prevalence of hypertension amongst various populations. This reflects the importance of having a variety of treatment options for the management of this condition. Angiotensin receptor blockers are highly effective at reducing blood pressure, have excellent tolerability and renoprotective properties, hence they remain a useful choice in the management of hypertension. Azilsartan medoxomil has recently been approved by the FDA for the oral treatment of hypertension making it the eighth Angiotensin receptor blocker to be approved for this indication.Item Bernard Soulier Syndrome; A Rare Bleeding Disorder(Dr. J.S. Sodhi Memorial Educational Society, 2018-01) Tripathi, P; Karthika, KV; Pati, HP; Tyagi, SBleeding syndromes in the newborn are rare, but they may be life-threatening and demand immediate attention. Congenital bleeding disorders especially pose a diagnostic challenge to the clinician because of their rarity and the need to be differentiated from the other common causes of bleeding in children. We present a case of an infant presenting with bleeding symptoms early in his life (since 5 months of age) which was initially thought to be immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) with low platelet count. No response to steroids and further evaluation by platelet aggregometry and flowcytometry led to the correct diagnosis – Bernard soulier syndrome(BSS). Though, there is no specific treatment available for this rare bleeding disorder, however it is imperative to have arrived at correct diagnosis in order to save unnecessary therapy and to take due precautions for prevention of bleeding.Item Bilateral carotico-clinoid foramen.(2015-01) Singla, RK; Dehiyan, A; Sharma, RK; Agnihotri, GThe carotico-clinoid foramen is the result of ossification either of the carotico-clinoid ligament or of a dural fold extending between the anterior and middle clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone. It is anatomically important due to its relations with the cavernous sinus and its contents, sphenoid sinus and pituitary gland. A case of bilateral foramen caroticoclinoid and interclinoid bar has been reported while teaching the cranial cavity to MBBS students. This carotico-clinoid foramen is seen as a consequence of fusion of anterior and middle clinoid processes. The existence of a bony caroticoclinoid foramen may cause compression, tightening or stretching of the internal carotid artery. Further, removing the anterior clinoid process is an important step in regional surgery. The presence of a bony carotico-clinoid foramen may have high risk. Therefore, detail knowledge of type of ossification between the anterior and middle clinoid processes is necessary to increase the success of regional surgery.Item Bilateral glandular odontogenic cyst of the maxilla: A rare case report and review of literature.(2014-07) Asthana, A; Singh, AKThe glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a recently recognized rare developmental odontogenic cyst having an aggressive behavior and accounts for 0.012 to 1.3% of all jaw cysts. In 1992, the World Health Organization recognized this cyst as glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC). Clinically, GOC usually presents as a painless, slow-growing swelling that tends to affect the anterior part of the jaws. Many authors have suggested that the cyst mainly occurs in 4th and 5th decades and presents as an expansion of jaws with or without pain or Paraesthesia. The dental professionals must be aware of the clinical significance of this lesion as the aggressive nature of the lesion has been reported and at least 25% to 55% recur following curettage. Hence the treatment of choice is excision rather than enucleation in order to obviate recurrence. Here, we report a case of bilateral GOC in the anterior region of the maxilla, in a 29-year-old male patient, which is very unusual as it is the first bilateral case to be reported in the literature.Item Bilateral variation in the Origin of Sternocleidomastoid muscle.(2013-07) Kaur, J; Sharma, T; Wadhwa, A; Sharma, MMorphological variations of sternocleidomastoid are not uncommon. During our routine dissection, in the department of anatomy PIMS Jalandhar, we encountered a rare case of presence of third head of sternocleidomastoid, bilaterally. This anomalous head is arising from clavicle lateral to the clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid muscle. This report not only adds to the knowledge of anatomists but will hold good to surgeons, anaesthetists and radiologists as well.Item Bioactives in overweight and obesity.(2016-07) Sehgal, Vijay KumarItem Biologic width: Understanding and its preservation.(2014-01) Malathi, K; Singh, AThe relationship between the periodontal health and the restoration of teeth is intimate and inseparable. Maintenance of gingival health constitutes one of the keys for tooth and dental restoration longevity. An adequate understanding of relationship between the periodontal tissue and restorative dentistry is essential to ensure adequate form and function of dentition and Esthetics and comfort to the patients. Restoration of fractured (traumatized), severely decayed, partially erupted (delayed passive eruption), worn or poorly restorated teeth is often difficult for the dentist without surgical and orthodontic intervention. Surgical crown lengthening of these teeth is necessary to provide adequate tooth structure for restoration or Esthetics enhancement, thus adhering to basic biological principles by preventing impingement on the periodontal attachment apparatus or biological width. Many clinicians have been unable to utilize the concept of biologic width in practical manner. Hence the purpose of this article is to describe the biologic width anatomy, evaluations & correction of its violation by different methods.Item Breast feeding practices in infants of rural Western Uttar Pradesh region of India.(2015-01) Kumar, D; Singh, MV; Sharma, IK; Kumar, D; Shukla, KM; Varshney, SBackground: Breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to ensure child health and survival. But globally only less than 40% of infants under six months of age are exclusively breastfed. Adequate breastfeeding counselling and psychological support are essential for mothers and families to initiate and maintain optimal breastfeeding practices Objective: The study was done to know the prevalence of exclusively breast feeding, early initiation of breast feeding and practices of pre-lacteal feed in rural Uttar Pradesh and their relation with maternal age. Material and Methods: This observational analytic cross sectional study was conducted on 355 mothers of infants aged one and half to 12 months who came in OPD or Indoor of Department of Pediatrics UPRIMS and R, Saifai for immunization or some problem. A semi-structured, pre-tested Performa was used to interview the mothers. Results: Only 48.5 % of subjects were practising Exclusive breast feeding , inadequate milk secretion was major cause of non exclusive breast feeding Early initiation of breast feeding was done in 41.5% of mothers. Pre-lacteal feed was given in 46.8 % of responders. Relation of early initiation of feeding and use of pre-lacteal feed with age of mother was found significant. Conclusions: Despite of so many efforts by Government and NGOs, most of the mothers in Rural Uttar Pradesh are still unaware regarding healthy feeding practices. We need to improve our counselling and motivation regarding exclusive breast feeding.