International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences
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Editor : Dr. Sukhbir Sodhi
ISSN: 2454-8952(Print), 2320-1118 (E-Print)
Frequency: 2 issues a year
Language: English
Double blind peer reviewed journal
Web site: https://ijmds.org/
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Item Giant cell tumor of the Maxilla in an 8 Year old boy.(2012-01) Sabhlok, S; Shaikh, MI; Tripathy, R; Mishra, SCentral giant cell tumors (CGCTs) of jawbones in pediatric patients present some particular characteristics with regard to their biological behavior. Such lesions are benign, locally aggressive, non-odontogenic, relatively uncommon tumors of the oral cavity, of unknown etiology accounting for less than 7 % of all benign jaw lesions in tooth bearing areas. Such a tumor usually occurs in the first three decades of life and has a predilection for females with predominance of the anterior portion of the mandible, usually crossing the midline. We report an interesting case of CGCT of the anterior maxilla in an 8-year-old boy with a follow up of two years.Item Solitary Plasmacytoma of Mandible: A rare case report.(2012-01) Singh, A; Singh, V; Sharma, NSolitary plasmacytoma is a rare condition affecting the jaws which manifests itself as a single osteolytic lesion without plasmocytosis of bone marrow and constitutes approximately 3% of all plasma containing tumors. It is different from multiple myeloma in terms of its clinical behaviour and prognosis. The most common clinical presentation is local bone pain and lesion on alveolar ridge and affects mandible frequently than maxilla. We report a rare case of solitary plasmacytoma of mandible, diagnosed on the basis of distinct radiological and histopathological findings, that has been treated by subtotal hemimandibulectomy. The review of literature concerning clinical, histological and radiological features, as well as the proper management concerning this tumour is included.Item A comparative study of Head Circumference of Infants in two ethnic groups.(2012-01) Kaur, H; Singh, S; Patnaik, VVG; Kaushal, SAnthropometric parameters serve as useful adjuncts to other observations in evaluating intrauterine as well as infantile growth and development. Determination of measurements with regard to Head Circumference of infants during first year of life is important for the assessment of physical growth. Range of anthropometric measurements in each parameter is different in different races. Earlier reported work indicates that socioeconomic and nutritional status affects the growth even within the ethnic groups. The present study is taken as a longitudinal study conducted periodically in infants (0-12 months) of two contrasting groups- Jat Sikh and Bania communities of Punjab belonging to similar socioeconomic status. Head circumference was measured with the help of measuring tape. Earlier studies indicated that racial factors of growth could be modified to some extent by improved socioeconomic status and nutrition. Since both groups compared in this study were belonging to similar socioeconomic status hence nutritional status of these groups was also similar. It was observed that Bania male as well as female infants had smaller head circumference as compared to their Jat Sikh counterparts. This change may be attributed to sedentary life style among the urban population.Item Effect of Antihypertensive drugs on Quality of Life in elderly patients.(2012-01) Kaur, R; Singh, S; Chand, S; Kumar, RThe use of drugs to increase human happiness and to improve the quality of life physically, mentally and socioeconomically is a serious matter of concern. Chronic disabling conditions become common in old age and affect the quality of life. Quality of life (QOL) is an important measure of health care, which measures the gap between expectations and achievements. Effect of Drug use on quality of life in elderly Indian population with hypertension was studied using Mc Master Health Index. The study population was divided into test group (hypertensive patients on regular treatment) and control group (Not on any treatment or on treatment for less than 3 months). All three parameters of QOL namely physical, emotional and social were studied using Mc Master Health Index questionnaire. The results were statistically compared using ANOVA and chi square. Our results point toward better overall QOL in patients on regular treatmentItem Consumer Protection Act – Awareness.(2012-01) Sikka, M; Anup, N; Aradhya, S; Peter, S; Acharya, SBackground: With the inclusion of health care services under Consumer Protection Act, a spurt in litigations arising out of breach in medical/dental profession is seen. Thus, it becomes imperative for health professionals today to be aware of such laws. Objective: To assess and compare the awareness about Consumer Protection Act among dentists (dentists in teaching institutions and dentists in private practice.) Material and Methods: A questionnaire survey was carried out on a total of 224 dentists [112 dentists in teaching institutions (DTI)] from Manipal and Mangalore and 112 dentists in private practice (DPP) from Udupi and Mangalore, Karnataka, India]. Statistical Analysis was done using SPSS version 10. Chi- square test was used to compare between the categorical variables (P<0.05). Results: A total of 69.6% of DTI and 76.8% of DPP reported to be aware of Consumer Protection Act but subsequent analysis of responses did not reveal the same. Awareness (> 75%) about rules and regulations of Consumer Protection Act was found to be low in both the dentist group. No difference was seen in awareness based on gender, degree and type of practice (P>0.05). Significantly higher percentage of DPP as compared to DTI (90.7% Vs 69.2% ; P< 0.05) were observed to rely upon regular consent. Conclusion: There is a need to raise the awareness of health professionals about such laws so that their increased professional concern and practice conforms to welfare of patients.Item Tissue engineering in Oral & Maxillofacial surgery.(2012-01) Ahuja, A; Kotrashetti, SM; Sethi, U; Singh, V; Jain, VA recent innovation in dentistry is the preparation and use of platelet rich plasma, a concentration of platelets and growth factors found in platelets. These polypeptide growth factors as well as other bioactive substances are released from platelets upon activation, which play a pivotal role in initiating and sustaining wound healing and tissue repair mechanism. In order to improve wound healing and bone regeneration, attempts were made to increase the concentration of wound healing initiating factors in the form of platelet concentrate. Platelet derived polypeptide growth factors as well as other bioactive substances are released from platelet upon activation which plays a pivotal role in initiating and sustaining wound healing and tissue repair mechanism. This article is an attempt to highlight the uses of Platelet rich plasma (PRP) in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and the preparation of PRP gel in the immediate preoperative period in a laboratory centrifuge.Item A multidisciplinary approach for ocular rehabilitation following ophthalmomalacia in a paediatric patient.(2012-07) Aggarwal, H; Jurel, S; Kumar, P; Singh, RD; Alvi, HAThe traumatic loss of an eye is not just the loss of an essential sense organ. It results in life-long agony of not being like others with two eyes, which can see and admire the nature’s beauty. As young patients are quite sensitive to peer pressure and for them, the greatest challenges are in the terms of identity and social acceptance, so, early rehabilitation is must in such patients. This article reports on the rehabilitation of a 13-year boy with custom ocular prosthesis for his traumatically injured left eye. The custom made ocular prosthesis fitted over the patient’s left eye with ophthalmomalacia, successfully restored the patient’s aesthetics and improved his social acceptance thereby, improving his quality of life.Item Ribbond as an esthetic space maintainer.(2012-07) Kallar, S; Brar, GSRibbond is a biocompatible, esthetic material made from a highstrength polyethylene fiber. Lenowoven polyethylene ribbon (Ribbond) has been used successfully for tooth splinting, replacement of missing teeth, reinforcement of provisional acrylic resin fixed partial dentures, and orthodontic retention. This paper presents the application of this polyethylene ribbon - RIBBOND as an esthetic space maintainer in pedodontic practice. We suggest that this combined technique of polyethylene fibers and composite material could be very efficient alternative procedure to conventional unesthetic space maintainers in pedodontic practice with excellent esthetics and functional results.Item Mesocephaly to Brachycephaly shift as seen in Punjabi children.(2012-07) Kaur, H; Singh, S; Patnaik, VVG; Kaushal, S; Agnihotri, GAnthropometric Parameters are useful tools in evaluating growth and development. Cephalic Index helps in estimation of intracranial volume in vivo & thus the brain growth. This prospective longitudinal study was initiated to compare the ethnic variations in cephalic index in specific defined ethnic groups of Punjab Jat Sikh and Bania infants. It was observed that Jatsikh infants had a brachycephalic type of skull throughout the study whereas Bania infants displayed mesocephalic type of skull till 7th month of their lives and later on even they became brachycephalic in their skull shapes. It is apparent that the trend in replacing mesocephaly by brachycephaly in northern Indian children, wherein possibly Jatsikh children are ahead of Bania children in this process.Item Prevalence of bruxism and oral lesions in psychiatric patients – A survey.(2012-07) Kaur, H; Swati; Puri, N; Vashist, A; Singh, HP; Gupta, IAs oral cavity is an integral part of general health, persistent and unrelenting stress often becomes a danger affecting the oral health and overall health causing various psychosomatic disorders. Present study aimed to determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and bruxism in psychiatric patients dependent on psychotropic drugs. Dental examination was done and questionnaire administered to 150 psychiatric patients and 150 control participants. In dental examination recurrent apthous stomatitis, burning mouth syndrome, oral lichen planus, bruxism, temporomandibular disorders were evaluated. Results showed that psychiatric patients had higher prevalence of bruxism, oral mucosal lesions in general, than the control group.Item An unusual combination of primordial dwarfism with isolated cleft palate.(2012-07) Kumar, N; Manikandhan, R; Anantanarayanan, P; Agarwal, KPrimordial dwarfism is a rare anomaly with over 200 sub-types, which results in a relatively small body size in all stages of life, beginning at the intrauterine period. The life expectancy for these patients is around 30 years but very few survive their intra-uterine phase. Other features associated with primary dwarfism reported till date includes pigmentation of skin, cleft lip and palate, and semilobar holoprosencephaly. We report an unusual combination of primordial dwarfism associated with isolated cleft palate.Item Cardiodepressant activity of newer dihydropyrimidine derivative in comparison to Nifedipine on perfused Rabbits heart.(2012-07) Kumar, R; Sehgal, VK; Kaur, B; Kaur, RBackground: Substituted dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Dihydropyridines are considered as analogue of dihydropyrimidines. Objectives: In present study newly synthesized test compound 5- Acyl-6-methyl-4(2’,3’-methylenedioxy) phenyl - 2 - S - ethyl - 1, 4- dihydropyrimidine, a dihydropyrimidine derivative was investigated with an aim to get valuable substitute for the well known dihydropyridine, Nifedipine. Material & Methods: The Calcium Channel blocking actiuity of test compound was studied on Rabbit’s Heart and its effects were compared with Nifedipine used as control. Results: Test compound has dose-dependent negative chronotropic and negative inotropic effect on Rabbit’s heart but these effects appeared at doses higher than those of Nifedipine. Test compound had no significant change in coronary flow however Nifedipine show significant increase in coronary flow at lower doses. Conclusion: Test compound appears to be less potent myocardial depressant compared to Nifedipine. Test compound produced calcium channel blocking activity which was dose related and in order to ascertain the status of this compound as a drug, further studies are needed not only in other animals and tissue models but also in various pathophysiological models.Item Effect of some Indian herbs on dyslipidemia in streptozotocin induced diabetic Rats.(2013-01) Chandra, A; Sabharwal, R; Chander, R; Mahdi, F; Mahdi, AABackground: Diabetes is one of the commonest and serious metabolic disorders. Much of the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes is primarily attributed to sequelae requelac of microvascular and macrovascular changes, in which diabetic dyslipidemia is one of the many modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. Objectives: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic and antidyslipidemic effect of selected Indian plants in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Material and Methods: Azadirachta indica and Ocimm sanctum leaves, Allium sativum bulbs and Momordica charantia fruits were collected, identified taxonomically and extract was obtained. Male Albino rats was used and divided into 8 groups, each consisting of 6 animals, one group act as a control. Diabetes in rats was induced with streptozotocin. Blood samples were collected and biochemical analysis was done for blood sugar, lipid peroxide and lipid profile. The diabetic group without drug treatment was compared with the control, and diabetic plus drug-treated groups were compared with the diabetic group without drug treatment. Data were analyzed using Student ‘t’ test. Results: Our results revealed that administration of streptozotocin in rats caused increase in the levels of glucose, lipid peroxides, cholesterol and triglycerides with lessening of the HDL-cholesterol. Treatment with aqueous extracts of Momordica charantia, Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica and Ocimum sanctum not only reduced the level of blood glucose but also caused lowering of total cholesterol and triglycerides following an increase in the level of HDL-cholesterol. Conclusion: We concluded that the herbal plants tested possess both hypoglycemic and antidyslipidemic activities and their use as a therapeutic tool in diabetes related complications encourage further investigation in this field.Item Restoring esthetics by immediately loaded implant placement.(2013-01) Jurel, SK; Gupta, DS; Agarwal, H; Singh, RD; Aggarwal, KKThe replacement of a single missing anterior tooth with an implant-supported crown is a demanding therapy. This report describes a treatment in which an anterior maxillary implant was immediately restored with a provisional restoration. During the provisional phase, an optimal emergence profile was created by adjusting the provisional restoration. An impression was made with an individually fabricated impression post for an accurate reproduction of the established emergence profile and, finally, a screw-retained all-ceramic crown was placed. By implementing this protocol, an optimal definitive result could be achieved, together with immediate patient satisfaction.Item A Remarkable rare case of fractured endodontic instrument in periradicular region compressing inferior alveolar nerve.(2013-01) Chaudhry, Z; Sharma, R; Kheterpal, A; Chaudhary, H; Talwar, SThis study aims to present the management of a rare case of a separated endodontic instrument in the periradicular area. The broken instrument had penetrated within and along the mandibular canal from the periapical zone of mandibular second molar after endodontic treatment, leading to acute neurological symptoms. These subsided completely following surgical removal of the separated instrument. Because of the close anatomic relation between the second molars and the inferior alveolar nerve, careful clinical and radiographic examinations should always be performed before endodontic treatment of these teeth, so as to prevent iatrogenic injuries of the type described here. Dentists should also be aware of the anatomic characteristics of the mandibular canal (i.e., cribriform rather than solid), as well as the consequences of overinstrumentation.Item Managing immunisation waste in a tertiary healthcare facility.(2013-01) Kumari, R; Jurel, SK; Srivastava, K; Wakhlu, A; Singh, AImmunisation protects children and adults against harmful infections before they come into contact with them in the community. Immunisation is given as an injection or, in the case of polio vaccine, taken as drops by mouth. The waste generated during the whole immunisation process must be disposed off properly. Improper waste disposal leads to serious health risks to recipients, health workers and the public. In King George’s Medical University (KGMU) immunisation programmes are conducted regularly. Waste generated during the process are properly mutilated, collected, transported and disposed off. In KGMU a well established biomedical waste management system which disposed offs the waste as per the norms and legislation.Item Pyogenic granuloma: A diagnostic dilemma.(2013-01) Vaidya, S; Kapoor, C; Ohri, N; Singh, HPPyogenic granuloma (lobular capillary hemangioma) is a common acquired vascular lesion of the skin and mucous membranes in the pediatric age group. Pyogenic granuloma and hemangioma of oral cavity are well- known benign lesions. The clinical diagnosis and differentiation of these lesions is at times difficult. The purpose of this article is to report an unusual case of benign tumor occuring on hard palate which was clinically diagnosed as pyogenic granuloma and hiatopathologically as capillary hemangioma.Item An ascending aortic haemodynamic comparison between normotensive and hypertensive subjects.(2013-01) Narayana, VK; Sharma, S; Murthy, NBackground: Systemic hypertension, a common disorder with potentially serious complications, exerts ill effects through structural and functional modifications of arterial wall. Haemodynamics play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Local hemodynamic temporal pressure and wall shear stress are important for understanding the mechanisms leading to various complications in cardiovascular function. Objectives: Since we could not find such a study in literature involving Indian population, this prompted us to investigate and establish the relationship between the blood pressure and the ascending aortic pulse wave parameters in normal individuals and compare the same with hypertensives. Material and methods: A case control study was done in a terary care hospital involving 25 hypertensive paents and further compared with 25 normotensive subjects of same age group acng as control. The GE ̶ P 100 Doppler echocardiography machine was used to study acceleration time, deceleration time, ejection time, ejection fraction, peak flow velocity and pressure gradient in hypertensives and compared the same with age matched normotensive. Also ascending aortic diameter was mapped at the annulus. Results: The results of our study confirmed our assumption that in hypertensive the ascending aortic haemodynamic parameters are abnormal and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure does exert a statistically significant influence on the Doppler parameters of ascending aorta. The acceleration time, deceleration time, pressure gradient and ejection time showed statistically significant increase in hypertensives when compared to normotensive. At the same time the ejection fraction and the ascending aortic diameter showed a statistically significant decrease than normotensive. Conclusion: We would conclude to say that the Doppler parameters of ascending aortic blood flow are abnormal in hypertensives. This altered haemodynamics may lead to further ill effects by way of altered peripheral haemodynamics. This Doppler evaluation of ascending aortic blood flow can be developed as a clinical tool for evaluating hypertensives and assessing the benefit of treatment of hypertension.Item Recent and emerging trends in Pharmacotherapy of neuropathic pain.(2013-01) Singh, J; Sehgal, V; Singh, HNeuropathic pain is a type of chronic pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. The pathophysiology of neuropathic pain is very complex, not fully understood and different from that somatic pain. It has a deleterious effect on health related quality of life, and leads to increased health-care costs and its management is extremely difficult. The response to currently available treatments is less promising, so newer agents with better efficacy and safety are needed. Currently tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants like gabapentin and pregabalin are considered as the 1st line drugs but these are not able to produce complete relief. Various recent drugs are: high dose capsaicin patch, topical lidocaine, botulinum toxin A, lacosamide, Selective Serotinin Reuptake inhibitorss, NMDA antagonists. Certain new targets like endocannabinoid system and various neurotrophic factors like BDNF, NT3, NT4, and GDNF are undergoing preclinical and clinical trials and their role in the treatment of neuropathic pain is still emerging.Item An update on precancerous lesions of oral cavity.(2013-01) Goyal, D; Goyal, P; Singh, HP; Verma, COral cancer is the most common head and neck cancer, found in 270,000 patients annually worldwide. Some cancers develop from precancerous lesions; however, there is no definitive clinico pathological factor or biomarker that reliably enables malignant transformation to be predicted in an individual patient. Early detection and early treatment of oral cancer are important for improving the survival rate of patients; prevention of oral cancer will clearly contribute most to decreasing its death rate. So correct diagnosis and timely treatment of premalignant lesions with high risk of malignant transformation may help to prevent malignant transformation.