International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
Permanent URI for this collection
Chief Editor: Prof. Jingfeng Wang
ISSN: 2581-8627
Frequency: Quarterly
Language: English
Open Access Peer-reviewed journal
Web site: https://www.journalijecc.com/index.php/IJECC
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Recent Submissions
Item A Non-parametric Trend Evaluation Approach of Rainfall Data for Biswanath Chariali Weather Station and NASA Power(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-03) Deka, P; Neog, P; Chakravartty, PK; Tanti, N; Chanda, S.Rainfall data is important in climatic planning and research endeavors. It is imperative that rainfall data be recorded continually because it needs to be accessible at all times. Here, in this study rainfall data were collected from NASA Power and Biswanath Chariali weather station on a monthly and annual basis between 1981 and 2021. The average yearly rainfall as reported by NASA power and the Biswanath Chariali weather station was found to differ significantly. Additionally, the study attempted to analyze the seasonal and annual trends in the rainfall data that were obtained from these two data sources. The analysis showed that the yearly rainfall trend, as measured by NASA power data, is significantly increasing. While evident, the seasonal trend for the pre-, during-, and post-monsoon was not statistically significant. The study has tried to notify that NASA Power data could also be considered as a reliable data source along with Biswanath Chariali weather station data to study the rainfall trend behavior of Biswanath district.Item Impact of Different Soil Moisture Regimes under Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) on the Growth and Yield of Wetland Paddy(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-03) HJ, H; PA, J; R, IM; S, PK.Water management plays a crucial role in optimizing rice production while ensuring sustainability. This study conducted in the School of Agricultural Sciences, KITS, Coimbatore, evaluates the impacts of different soil moisture regimes under alternate wetting and drying on the growth and yield of wetland paddy. The study was performed following a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with eight different treatments, each replicated three times. Among the treatments, T3 (Irrigation immediately after the development of hairline cracks) demonstrated the highest effectiveness, followed by T4 (Irrigation at 5.0 cm fall of water table below the soil surface). The enhanced performance of T3 attributed to improved soil aeration which promotes root growth and nutrient uptake, leading to increased crop growth and yield.Item Climate Variability in Temperature Trends and Change Point in Yenagoa, Nigeria(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-03) Olali, K; Nwaogazie, IL; Ikebude, CF.This study aims to analyse temperature trend, variation, and change point patterns in Bayelsa State, Nigeria over a 31-year period (1992-2022). The daily temperature data used for the study were obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET). The daily maximum and minimum temperature data were further processed to obtain the annual maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures. Several statistical tests were utilized to investigate the temperature trend and to detect change point year. Linear regression and Mann-Kendall tests were employed to establish if there are significant trend in the temperature data series. Distribution-free CUSUM test and Sequential Mann-Kendall test were used to identify the change point year. The results reveal a statistically significant increasing trend in annual mean temperature at a rate of 0.020°C per year (0.2°C per decade or 2.0°C per century). Annual maximum temperature showed a marginally significant positive trend of 0.037°C per year, while annual minimum temperature exhibited a non-significant negative trend of -0.043°C per year. Change point analysis identified significant shifts in annual mean temperature patterns around 2007 and 2015. The findings indicate that Bayelsa State is experiencing warming consistently with global climate change patterns. However, cooler temperature is still experienced during the early hours and evening session as not significant increasing trend was observed in the annual minimum temperature.Item Knowledge of Farmers on Climate Change: A Study among Farm Families of Jorhat District, Assam, India(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-03) Bora, P; Bora, M.The environment and the societies are under a great deal of stress due to climate change, which is one of the biggest problems of the present time. The present study aims to assess the level of farmers' understanding on climate change. The study was conducted in Jorhat district of Assam state, India. In this study a multistage sampling procedure was followed. Thirty per-cent development blocks of Jorhat district were selected purposively which included two blocks. Seventy five respondents were selected from each block by using equal allocation sampling technique and thus sample size was 150. Data were collected through Interview Schedule and a knowledge test and analysed using appropriate statistical tests i.e., frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, category interval, t-test and correlation coefficient. The study reveals that highest percentage (43.33%) respondents were in the age group of 41 to 51 years and were high school passed (52.00%). Regarding land holding, 54.67 per cent had 1-5 acres of land while 80.00 per cent had farming as primary occupation. Majority of the respondents had medium level of knowledge (72.67%) on climate change followed by 14.66 per cent with high and 12.67 per cent with low level of knowledge on climate change. The data revealed that respondents had greater understanding of the indicators, causes and effects of climate change compared to their knowledge on mitigation and adaptation strategies. In order to empower farmers for taking a proactive role in addressing climate change, it is essential to enhance farmers' knowledge on climate change, its causes, affects, management and adaptive capacity. Various stakeholders may come together for generating awareness among farmers regarding climate change and its management and may advocate for policy frameworks.Item Mitigating High Temperature Stress in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) with Osmoprotectant Foliar Sprays at Various Phenophases(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-03) Maharana, D; Ajithkumar, B; Vysakh, A; Parvathi, M; Vijayan, S; Davis, LP.Pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of high-temperature stress on rice (Oryza sativa L.) and to identify effective mitigation strategies in kharif season (2023) in the Department of Agricultural Meteorology, Kerala Agricultural University in a factorial CRD layout. The rice variety Jyothi was exposed to high-temperature (HT) in a temperature monitored polyhouse to impart stress and ambient conditions for comparison with the stressed condition. The pots were exposed to high temperature stress in polyhouse at 3 stages: active tillering, heading and milking respectively. Four different treatments were administered as foliar sprays at three stages. Variations were observed in physiological, biochemical, and yield components across the different conditions and treatments. Plants exposed to the high temperature showed lower values of the physiological parameters and also in yield. Temperatures above 29°C during the milking stage reduced the yield and number of filled grains drastically. The external application of osmoprotectants proved effective in mitigating the adverse effects of high temperature. The treatment salicylic acid (400ppm) recorded the highest chlorophyll content and chlorophyll stability. With regards to the yield, highest yield was seen in the salicylic acid (400ppm) treated set of plants. Temperatures above 29°C during the milking stage reduced the yield and number of filled grains drastically.Item Projected Impacts of Climate Change on Palm Oil Production in Côte d'Ivoire(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-03) Adolphe, MG; Niamketchi, GL; N’guessan, HA; Kablan, BAM; Gogoue, OD; Adou, CB; Kouame, B.The effects of climate change scenarios were analyzed for the central and southern oil palm production regions of Côte d'Ivoire. Temperature and precipitation variables were forecast for the periods 2021-2050 and 2041-2070, based on the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 greenhouse gas concentration scenarios, in comparison to the 1980-2010 reference period. The results indicated that, besides a considerable frequency of hot days and water scarcity, potentially threatening oil palm production in marginal sections of the Centre region, the climatic parameters suggest standard production conditions for oil palm in these two regions. The risks linked to diseases and pests could be similar or possibly mitigated. In the southern region, climatic variations seem to have no effect on oil palm production. To enhance their resilience, it is crucial to educate oil palm producers on the significance of utilizing drought-resistant planting material, adhering to good agricultural practices and implementing agroforestry techniques. Enhancing producers' access to meteorological information would also be essential.Item Study on Agrometeorological Indices and Heat Use Efficiency for Black Gram (Kharif) Crop under Varied Environmental Conditions(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-03) Tupe, AR; Chorey, AB; Ganvir, MM; Morey, ST; Patode, RS; Mali, R; Pandagale, V; Fukat, PH.An investigation was carried out to determine the optimal sowing time and variety for kharif black gram under rainfed conditions at the AICRP on Agrometeorology farm, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, during the 2023-24 season. A factorial randomized block design (FRBD) was used with three sowing dates (28 MW - 10th July, 29 MW - 17th July, and 30 MW - 24th July) and three varieties (PDKV Black Gold, AKU-15, and AKU-23/5), replicated thrice. Accumulated growing degree days (GDD), helio-thermal units (HTU) and photo-thermal units (PTU) were computed to analyze the crop’s thermal response. The results revealed that crop sown in 28 MW (10th July) recorded the highest GDD, whereas delayed sowing (29 MW and 30 MW) led to reduced thermal accumulation and shortened crop duration. Among varieties, PDKV Black Gold accumulated the highest GDD, followed by AKU-15 and AKU-23/5. Similarly, PDKV Black Gold exhibited the highest HTU, indicating superior adaptability to varying thermal conditions. Yield analysis revealed that crop sown in 28 MW produced the highest seed yield, while delayed sowing (30 MW-24th July) resulted in a significant reduction in productivity. Among the varieties, PDKV Black Gold recorded significantly higher seed yield, straw yield and biomass yield over AKU-15 and AKU-23/5; however, it was at par with AKU-15 in terms of harvest index. Thus, it can be concluded that optimal sowing time for kharif black gram under rainfed conditions is the 28th MW (10th July), as it recorded the highest thermal accumulation (GDD, HTU, PTU) and resulted in the highest seed yield. Delayed sowing in the 29th MW (17th July) and 30th MW (24th July) led to reduced thermal accumulation, shortened crop duration, and lower productivity. Among Varieties, sowing PDKV Black Gold around 10th July is recommended for maximizing productivity under varied environmental conditions in Vidarbha.Item Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-03) Dalal, PM; Kumar, Y; Devi, S; Bishnoi, OP; Sonu.An attempt was made to assess the genetic diversity for the evaluation and utilization of drought-tolerant wheat genotypes in future breeding approaches for yield enhancement. The experiment was conducted with 40 bread wheat genotypes evaluated under drought conditions at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, , Hisar, India during the cropping season 2020-21 and 2021-22. The genotypes were assessed for sixteen yields and their components. The investigation reflected enough genetic variability among the genotypes for the traits under under drought stress condition. All the genotypes were categorized into six distinct clusters, with cluster II being the largest one containing 14 genotypes, followed by cluster I with 8 genotypes. The analysis of the inter-cluster distances revealed the maximum genetic distance between clusters II and VI, which could be utilized in a hybridization program to achieve a broad range of variation among the sergeants. The genotypes of cluster V showed superiority for grain yield plot-1, harvest index, biological yield plot-1, grain weight spike-1, number of spikelets-1, number of grains spike-1, spike weight, spike length, number of tillers meter-1 and peduncle length. Therefore, it could be concluded that the genotypes of cluster V may be considered potential parents to obtain heterotic response and accordingly better segregants for grain yield under drought conditions.Item Biodiversity Loss in Coastal Wetlands Due to Industrial Expansion: A Study on Mangrove Ecosystems(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-03) Rahman, SMS; Hossen, SMA; Kabir, N; Opu, RK; Kamal, SS; Alam, MS; Raihan, SK.This research examines the effects of industrial expansion of biodiversity loss in mangrove ecosystems, focusing on coastal wetlands. With increasing industrial activities such as land development, aquaculture, and urbanization, mangrove forests face significant threats that disrupt their ecological balance. The study explores the extent of mangrove deforestation, pollution from industrial activities, and the decline in species diversity. A quantitative approach was adopted, utilizing a survey of 450 respondents including environmentalists, researchers, and residents. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and online surveys during 1st October 2024 to 25th December 2024. A self-administered structured questionnaire was utilized to collect the data, which consisted of multiple-choice and five-point Likert-scale questions. Findings indicate that industrial expansion is the leading cause of mangrove habitat destruction, with pollution, particularly oil spills and heavy metals, contributing significantly to the loss of biodiversity. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of current conservation policies and suggests sustainable strategies for balancing industrial growth with ecological protection. The findings underscore the necessity for more stringent regulatory frameworks, enhanced enforcement mechanisms, and active community participation in conservation initiatives to preserve mangrove ecosystems for forthcoming generations.Item Survey and Characterization of Sugarcane Cultivating Soils of Kerala in India with Special Emphasis on Silicon Availability and Iron-aluminium Toxicity(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-03) Sreelakshmi, P; Gladis, R; Rani, B; Shajan, V; Bindhu, J; Aparna, B; Swaroop, R.Sugarcane is considered as one of the world’s major C4 plants, which is mainly grown in the tropical and sub-tropical regions and considered as long-duration crop, that requires approximately 10 to 15 and even 18 months to mature. India ranks second in terms of area, production, and productivity. Kerala has only 1000 ha of sugarcane cultivation with 10606 T of production and 10.66 Tonnes per hectare, which shows only a negligible contribution towards the Indian economy. The present study has aimed to characterize Kerala's main sugarcane-growing soils through a survey in which surface soil samples were taken from AEU 9, 4, 17, and 22. in which, a higher average pH of about 8.25 was observed in Chittoor (AEU 22) compared to Marayoor (7.2), Thiruvalla (5.2), and Pandalam (5.5), due to the alkaline nature of black montmorillonite soil having higher organic matter and other nutrients such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Si. Due to their near-neutral pH, Marayoor soils facilitate enhanced nutrient availability and absorption by plants compared to other soil types. Because of phosphorous (P) fixation in AEU 4 and 9 due to the formation of Fe-Al phosphates and calcium phosphate formation in the alkaline soils of AEU 22, the availability of phosphorous has decreased. The lateritic soils in southern Kerala exhibit high acidity and Fe-Al toxicity, resulting in reduced nutrient content, particularly silicon. This element is crucial for sugarcane, being a Si-accumulator crop that absorbs between 300-700 Kg ha-1 of available Si (monosilicic acid) from the soil. Silicon is considered as the most advantageous element for sugarcane growth that helps to resist various biotic and abiotic factors and specially helps to alleviate Fe-Al toxicity thereby contributes to better yield and quality of cane. Consequently, it is essential to recommend silicon nutrition strategies for sugarcane enhance both the productivity and quality of the crop.Item Identification of Groundwater Potential Zones in the Akole Taluka Watershed Using Geospatial Techniques and AHP(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-03) Gunjal, SR; Dalavi, P; Patil, MA; Wandre, SS; Kale, AA.This study focuses on identifying groundwater potential zones in the Akole taluka watershed, Ahmednagar District, Maharashtra, India, using an integrated approach combining Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Key thematic layers such as slope, drainage density, lithology, lineament density, geomorphology, rainfall, soil, and land use/land cover, were derived using SRTM DEM (30 m resolution) and conventional datasets. Each layer was assigned weights based on its influence on groundwater potential, calculated and normalized using AHP. The layers were integrated using the "weighted sum" tool in Arc GIS to create a comprehensive groundwater potential map. The study area was classified into five groundwater potential zones: very poor, poor, moderate, good, and very good, covering 6.47%, 19.91%, 32.11%, 25.67%, and 15.85% of the area, respectively. The findings highlight that a significant portion of the region has moderate to very good groundwater potential, providing critical insights for sustainable water resource development and management.Item Forecasting Models for Bengal Gram Using Weather Parameters for Bidar District of Karnataka State, India(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-03) Amaresh; Patil, ASP; Deshmanya, JB.The weather parameters play a very important role in agriculture and data on these is most useful in evaluation of potential aspects of crop production. The present study is focused to develop pre-harvest forecast models for Bengal gram yield based on agro-meteorological data in Bidar district of Karnataka State. The correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to study the week wise association between Bengal gram yield and weather parameters and the value of ‘r’ ranges from -0.62 to +0.65. It is observed that trend of Bengal gram yield with respect to year is almost linear. The forecast models were developed using the weather parameters namely Maximum Temperature, Minimum Temperature, Morning Relative Humidity, Evening Relative Humidity, Wind Speed and Rainfall. The weather indices were developed using the data from 2006 to 2017 and the validation of the developed models were confirmed using data of the year 2018 to 2020. The study found that high value of adjusted R2 in the developed forecast model and for the year 2019 the predicted values were between 0.5 to 6 % lower than actual values. The study shows that pre-harvest forecasting can be done using the best fitted model in the 10th SMW (i.e., 5th March to 11th March) before harvest of the Bengal gram crop.Item Rainfall and Temperature Characteristics in Kibwezi West Sub-County, Kenya(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-03) Makau, M.Climate variability and change are among the numerous variables that negatively impact the economies of many countries worldwide, especially in Sub-Sahara Africa where over 80% of the population is heavily dependent on rain-fed agriculture for their livelihood. Kenya is an agriculture-based economy and therefore rainfall performance remains critical to her social-economic development. This called for the need to undertake this study in one of the arid and semi-arid (ASALs) regions of the country where agriculture is the primary economic activity. This study analyzed both annual rainfall and annual average temperature characteristics in Kibwezi West sub-county, Kenya. The findings showed that between 1993 and 2023 dry conditions were experienced in 61.3% of the period translating to a drought cycle of once every 2 years, which negatively impacted food security. With a CV of 32%, this implied that annual rainfall was less predictable, heightening the Sub-County’s vulnerability to drought. A PCI value of 17.1 indicated that annual rainfall was not evenly distributed throughout the year. Rainfall was only concentrated in April, May, November and December with most of the other months being dry. The linear regression analysis revealed a negative slope value (-0.4), indicating a downward trend. Specifically, this means that for each passing year, annual rainfall decreased by 0.4mm. For the annual average temperature trend, there was a generally increasing trend of 0.03 degrees per year. These findings suggest that the sub-county was already experiencing climate change and therefore there is a need for the development of climate change adaptation strategies, such as growing drought-tolerant crops to enhance food security and community resilience to climate shocks.Item Evaluation of Water Pollution in the Locality of Mbang-Foulbe, Adamawa, Cameroon(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-03) DALATOU, T; BOUKAR, H; Maxime, LLG; NGASSOUM, MB; AHMED, A.The exponential growth of the cattle herd in the locality of Mbang – Foulbe, is not correlated the expansion of the pastoral space. Compared to a normal exploitation, the study area may characterize an overgrazing pattern which is combined with a significant accumulation of cattle manure, leading to a serious environmental problem. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the pollution of water in the study area. In this regard, two samplings campaigns were carried out, and consisted of surface and groundwater sample. The first sampling campaign was doing in the dry season and the second sampling campaign in the raining season. In those sampling campaign, we quantify the level of pollution by nutriments, such as: OM, NO2-, NO3-, NH4+, PO42- in the water. Volumetric and spectrophotometric analysis methods were used to quantify the levels of these pollutants in our various surface and groundwater samples. The well located on the cattle market (P1) has the highest nitrate and orthophosphates content 41.864±0.152 mg/L and 9.21±0.66 mg/L respectively. The well located on slaughterhouse (P2) records the highest levels of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen 7.14±0.12 mg/L and 2.583±0.003 mg/L respectively. Principal component analysis shows that the P1 and P2 wells have nitrate and nitrite concentrations exceeding the standards for water for human and bovine consumption. Pastoral activity has an impact on the quality of the environment and, by extension, on human health.Item Automatic Sprinkler in Controlled Atmosphere(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-03) Mano, B; Tamilchelvan, P; Gokulavasan, P; Faizal, AM.This paper proposes a cost-effective smart sprinkler irrigation system for farmers to use in farm divisions. Automation plays a crucial role in modern life, providing comfort, increasing efficiency, and saving time. However, most industries use expensive automation and control mechanisms that may not be suitable for our needs. Watering the plants is the most significant cultural activity and one of the most labor-intensive duties in the daily operation of the greenhouse. Watering systems reduce the burden of delivering water to plants when they require it. Knowing when and how much to water are two critical components of the watering process. The purpose of the automatic plant watering system is to simplify gardening. These days, there are shortages of food and water because of population growth. We must support the agriculture industry in order to prevent the issue. The farming industry wastes more water. We can conserve water by employing this kind of technique when irrigating the fields. Sprinkler systems, tubes, nozzles, and other parts are used in a variety of automatic watering system types. This technique irrigates the plants in the pots using a watering sprinkler system. This project uses relay, Arduino and moisture sensor which consists of ATmega328 Microcontroller. Then Arduino works as per instruction of moisture sensor and system control. It is programmed in such a way that it will sense the moisture level of the soil, plants and supply the water when required. This type of system is commonly used for general plant maintenance, both in small and large gardens. Normally, plants should be watered twice a day, in the morning and evening. So, the microcontroller must be programmed to water the plants in the garden or farm twice every day. People like plants for their health benefits and the satisfaction that comes with caring for them. However, most people find it difficult to stay healthy and living. To address this difficulty, we created a prototype that allows a plant to irrigate itself from a big water tank and get artificial sunshine. The prototype displays the status of its present circumstances and advises the user to refill the water tank. The system created an automatic Plant watering system to minimize manual activities and making gardener’s work easier.Item Enhancing Agriculture through Wireless Sensor Networks(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-01) Sahu, M; Victor, V.Solar-powered wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a crucial role in modern agriculture, enhancing crop yield and quality while reducing labor requirements. By employing sensors and communication technologies like ZigBee and Bluetooth, these networks collect real-time data on various environmental parameters, facilitating remote monitoring and prompt action by farmers. Leveraging solar energy through photovoltaic (PV) systems, these WSNs ensure sustained power supply, enabling autonomous operation even in remote areas. Recent studies highlight the effectiveness of solar-powered WSNs in diverse agricultural applications such as automated irrigation, soil sensing, and weather monitoring. Integration of PV technology with WSNs offers simplicity in installation and long-term energy sustainability, making them an attractive choice for farmers seeking efficient and self-sustained agricultural practices.Item Solving Problems of Climate Change through Energy Conservation(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-03) Unnikrishnan, A; Awasthy, D; Fayaz, A.Climate change is a global problem and it also acts as a hurdle to sustainable development. Energy and climate change are often linked together as their effects on each other are prominent. The energy generation capacity and the demand for energy both are equally affected by change in climate . In turn, changes in climate can disrupt energy networks, stress in infrastructure can occur and it can also develop safety risks for people. All countries are equally responsible in causing the factors. Thus, they'll have to bear the brunt of consequences of climate change. Greenhouse gas emission is one of the most prominent factor leading to climate change. Conservation of energy along with its proper utilisation is important for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and also leads to sustainable development. For attaining sustainable agriculture great efforts have to be taken such as, how to use renewables efficiently. The rising daily demand for energy by all living things on the planet is causing the globe to quickly transform into a global community. Energy and related services are becoming more and more necessary to meet the needs of the people worldwide. Thus, employing renewable energy sources is a unique strategy that must be sustainable in order to meet the energy needs of our future generation. It will also aid in the solution of climate change issues. Among the global energy usage today, fossil fuels dominates the spot, thus there is an urgency to reduce their usage in order to minimize serious climate change issues. Reducing energy usage plays a prominent part in prevent the climate change and also in avoiding the diminution of high energy return recoverable fossil fuels.Item Impact of Unsustainable Aquaculture Practices on Water Quality Parameters in Fish Pond Ecosystem in Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh, India(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-03) Gautam, A; Dubey, S; Mahajan, S; Khare, A; Chatterjee, D; Shakya, P; Tiwari, PK; Katara, S.This study investigates the effects of unsustainable aquaculture practices on water quality, plankton diversity, and fish growth performance in the Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh, India. Monthly samples collected from three ponds over a period of six months (May to October, 2024) revealed notable seasonal variations in water parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia, pH, and transparency. Pathan Pond exhibited the highest water quality and productivity, while Bramhan Pond showed reduced DO levels due to local pollution and poor management. Phytoplankton communities were predominantly composed of Chlorophyceae, while zooplankton were primarily represented by Cladocera and Copepoda, with peak abundance observed in October. The findings emphasize the importance of adopting sustainable aquaculture practices and conducting regular water quality assessments to improve fish productivity and maintain ecological stability, offering valuable insights for enhancing sustainability and supporting local fish farmers.Item Assessment on Effect of Growing Seasons on Seed Yield and Quality Attributes of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-03) Raju, CM; Reddy, BRK; Vasundhara, S; Bharathi, D.Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a crucial oilseed crop known for its high nutritional value and economic significance. In India, it is cultivated across three seasons. Understanding which season is most suitable for achieving higher yield and good quality seed is essential for optimizing production. In light of this, the present investigation was carried out to assess the effect of growing seasons on seed yield and quality attributes of 20 sesame genotypes in during seasons Kharif 2023 and Rabi 2023-24 at S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati. The field experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design (RBD) for the evaluation of yield traits and for the evaluation of the quality traits Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in the laboratory. The Results indicated that under Rabi season higher values of traits such as ( Number of branches for plant, Capsule length, Number of capsules per plant, Number seeds per capsule, Test wight, Seed yield per plot, Field emergence percentage, Germination percentage, seedling length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index-I, seedling vigour index-II, oil content , protein content )were recorded , except for days to flowering, plant height, capsule breadth, seed moisture content, and electrical conductivity, which were higher during the Kharif season. This suggests that the cropping season impacts the growth behavior, leading to variations in seed yield and quality. Among the genotypes, 'Madhavi' demonstrated early maturity in both seasons, making it a potential early-maturing variety. 'Madhavi' also had the highest number of capsules per plant during the Kharif season, while 'GT-10' recorded the highest in the Rabi season. 'GT-10' excelled in seeds per capsule, capsule length and breadth, and test weight across both seasons, establishing it as a superior genotype for these traits. The highest seed yield was recorded by 'GT-10' in Kharif season, while 'Madhavi' had the highest yield in the Rabi season. The reduced yield in Kharif was attributed to phyllody disease, 'YLM-66' showed the highest field emergence in both seasons, indicating strong germination ability under different conditions. Regarding seed quality, 'Madhavi' had the highest oil and protein content, Seedling vigour index-I as well as the highest germination percentage in both Kharif and Rabi seasons. The genotype YLM-66 recorded highest seedling length in kharif season while YLM-11 recorded highest seedling length in Rabi season.Item Impact of Coastal Hazards on Agricultural Lands in Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-03) Tenorio, JHL; Somera-Almerol, CG; Cinense, MM; Castillo, CMM.Aims: This study aims to assess the impact of climate-related coastal hazards on agricultural lands in Casiguran, Aurora. Specifically, it evaluates the direct and indirect effects of sea level rise, storm surges, and typhoons on coastal farming communities and provides insights for adaptive solutions. Study Design: The study employed a quantitative research approach using a survey-based assessment to gather data from farmers on the effects of coastal hazards on agriculture. The Garrett Ranking Method was used to analyze and prioritize the ranked impacts. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in 12 coastal barangays of Casiguran, Aurora. The data collection period spanned December 2, 2024, to January 12, 2025. Methodology: A total of 145 farmers were surveyed using stratified random sampling to ensure representation across different barangays. Farmers ranked the perceived direct and indirect impacts of coastal hazards on their agricultural practices. The collected responses were analyzed using the Garrett Ranking Method to determine the most critical challenges faced by coastal farmers. Results: Among the direct impacts, extreme climatic events had the highest mean score (66.14), followed by changes in soil pH (61.90), soil fertility decline (59.00), sedimentation (47.30), soil erosion (43.66), saltwater intrusion (39.19), and land use changes (33.05). For indirect impacts, variability in crop production was the most significant (64.94), followed by pests and diseases (61.07), rising farming costs (58.98), social impacts (56.51), water competition (40.85), market fluctuations (37.30), and farming practice changes (30.88). Conclusion: The study highlights the need for adaptive strategies to mitigate the impact of coastal hazards on agriculture. Addressing soil degradation requires sustainable management practices like organic amendments and crop rotation, while extreme climatic events necessitate climate-resilient infrastructure such as flood controls and improved irrigation and drainage channels. To tackle economic challenges, financial aid, crop insurance, and farmer training in adaptive techniques like saline-tolerant crops and agroforestry are essential. Integrating these solutions into local policies will enhance resilience and sustainability. Future research should utilize spatial analysis to map vulnerability hotspots and predict agricultural risks due to sea level rise and extreme weather events, providing a data-driven basis for more targeted adaptation strategies.