International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
Permanent URI for this collection
Chief Editor: Prof. Jingfeng Wang
ISSN: 2581-8627
Frequency: Quarterly
Language: English
Open Access Peer-reviewed journal
Web site: https://www.journalijecc.com/index.php/IJECC
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Recent Submissions
Item Role of Permaculture in Achieving Sustainability in Modern Horticultural Practices(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) Subudhi, AK; Ghosh, K; Pradhan, PK; Panda, S.Permaculture should be viewed as a "community planning philosophy" (Maye, 2018) that aims to re-establish a human-nature connection through regenerative methods, in addition to being a system for producing food. The major issues came from modern agricultural practices that increase carbon emissions, to reduce such carbon emissions, we have to increase carbon sequestration, but in rural areas, due to the availability of forest lands or more forest trees, we can assume here the carbon emission problem is less compared to urban areas so the organic practices like urban gardens, indoor garden, terrace permaculture practices or miniature forest ideas are best to emit more carbon emission. Towards food security and long-term sustainability, an alternative method of farming should be identified urgently to mitigate the rising problems (Padmavathy & Poyyamoli, 2013). Many sectors of the world, like California, adopted organic farming practices (Schreck, et al, 2012), community garden practices in the United Kingdom (Holland, 2004), permaculture approaches in Australia (Copeman, 2016), and in Ohio, the organic gardens (Pearson and Firth, 2012) these countries or places of around the international level in both economically and ecologically taken initiatives towards adoption of small scale alternative agriculture through increasing production by changing land perspectives. Permaculture practitioners mainly focus on approaches like food safety and also emphasize maintenance, preservation, and health factors to reduce environmental health impacts (Hathaway, 2016).Item Temporal Analysis of Evaporation Trends and their Magnitude in Ambedkar Nagar District, India(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) Dixit, S; Singh, VK; Shivam; Chaudhary, V; Kumar, M; Paul, AS; Verma, S; Ankit; Ali, K; Rastogi, D; Alam, MI; Kumar, A.This research explores the estimation of pan evaporation in five selected locations—Tanda, Jalalpur, Allapur, Bhete, and Akbarpur—from 1999 to 2022, utilizing meteorological data from NASA Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources (POWER). Key environmental variables including as temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were acquired using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) by leveraging nearby stations in Paraspur, Sarai Meer, Kaptanganj, and Pratapgarh. Dalton's equation was used to calculate Pan evaporation rates using these parameters, resulting in an estimate of evaporation rates across the study sites. Subsequently, the study further investigates long-term trends in the derived evaporation rates and meteorological variables using non-parametric Mann-Kendall trend tests, which allow for the assessment of statistically significant changes over time. Additionally, Sen's slope estimator is used to quantify the magnitude of these trends, providing a reliable assessment of the rate of change in evaporation and climatic variables across the research period. Decreasing evaporation trend (1999–2022) was observed in August to December across all five regions: Tanda, Jalalpur, Allapur, Bhete, and Akbarpur, with statistical significance at the 95% confidence level. Akbarpur is the only region showing a significant increasing trend in June, indicating a localized seasonal shift in evaporation patterns.Item Influence of Weather Parameters on Helicoverpa armigera Monitoring Using Pheromone and Light Traps in Sunflower Ecosystem(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) K, B; Naik, MI; KS, J.Impact of climatic factors on pheromone and light trap catches of Helicoverpa armigera in sunflower crop and their correlation with various weather parameters was assessed during kharif 2012 and 2013 at the ZARS, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru. Moth catches were recorded from August to December in both years, with peak activity observed in October and November. In 2012, pheromone traps recorded maximum catches during the 48th standard meteorological week (SMW), while light traps showed peak captures in the 40th SMW. In 2013, both traps recorded highest moth activity around the 41st SMW. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses revealed significant relationships between trap catches and weather variables of corresponding week. In 2012, minimum temperature showed a strong negative correlation with pheromone trap catches (r = -0.671), while soil temperature was positively correlated with light trap catches (r = 0.624*). In 2013, minimum temperature again showed a significant negative correlation with both trap types. When data were pooled, multiple regression models indicated that weather parameters accounted for 79.80 and 63.39 per cent of the variability in pheromone and light trap catches, respectively.Item Measuring Livelihood Vulnerability to Floods among Livestock Rearers Using a Composite Index in Odisha, India(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) Behera, J; Jha, SK; Maiti, S; Garai, S.Frequent floods in Odisha have severely impacted agricultural livelihoods, particularly those of livestock-rearers. These disasters erode farmers’ investments, destroy crop fields, and reduce the availability of feed and fodder. Beyond crop loss, floods contaminate the environment, rivers, and drinking water, posing serious health risks to livestock. Prolonged exposure to floodwaters increases susceptibility to hoof and skin infections, while injuries from debris raise the risk of tetanus and toxin exposure. Outbreaks of multiple diseases among livestock during floods further threaten the livelihoods of rural households. In response to these challenges, the present study assessed the flood-induced vulnerability of livestock-rearers in Odisha using a Composite Livelihood Vulnerability to Flood Index (CLVFI). According to Odisha’s Disaster Management Plan (Animal Development Sector), 17 out of 30 districts are major flood-prone, while 13 are minor. For this study, one district from each category was randomly selected: Balasore (major) and Dhenkanal (minor). A random sample of 120 livestock-rearers was surveyed across the two districts. The findings revealed that livestock-rearers in Balasore exhibited lower adaptive capacity compared to those in Dhenkanal. Key factors such as income levels and cropping intensity were found to be more sensitive to flood exposure. Vulnerability was higher in villages farther from markets and veterinary centres. The study confirms a direct relationship between the severity of livelihood vulnerability and the degree of flood-proneness. These insights aim to support state and national agencies in agriculture, animal husbandry, and disaster management to design location-specific contingency plans for mitigating flood impacts effectively.Item Effect of Vermicompost on Yield and Yield Attributing Characteristic of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) Tripathi, KM; Kumar, D; Panwar, GS; Tiwari, JK; Gupta, AK; Shukla, G; Pathak, J.A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2023–2024 and 2024-25 at the NRM Block, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda (Uttar Pradesh), to investigate the Effect of Vermicompost on yield and Yield attributing characteristic of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with Thirteen treatment and three replications. Treatment combination is prepared with graded doses of (100%, 75% and 50%) RDF (N:P:K:S-80:40:40:20) applied with different types of vermicompost. Different types of Vermicompost is prepared through organic raw materials Viz.- Cow dung (V1), Paddy Straw (V2), Moong Straw (V3) and Carton (V4). Vermicompost (V1, V2, V3, and V4) applied at the rate of 2 tons/ha with all the treatment. The results indicated that the application of T4 (RDF 100% + vermicompost @ 2tons ha⁻¹) significantly enhanced yield attributes and seed yield 26.03 q ha⁻¹, 23.78 q ha⁻¹, with corresponding gross returns of ₹153992.58 ha⁻¹, 148953.50 and net returns of ₹ 90575.78 ha⁻¹, compared to the T1 control (RDF 100%) in the average data of both the year (2023-2024, 2024-25).Item A Review of Standard and Advanced Water Treatment Methods for Safe Drinking Water(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) Paul, AS; Alam, MI; Kumar, A; Chaudhary, V; Singh, NK; Maurya, AP; Dixit, S.In the last few decades the concern over drinking water quality is increasing enormously in the developing countries, and the main reason behind is 80% of illness caused due to poor quality of water. Water safety and cleanliness are critical issues for both industrial and public health uses. To get rid of pollutants and pathogens, standard water treatment methods usually include a number of standard procedures, such as filtration, sedimentation, coagulation, and disinfection. However, the recent development in new & emerging water treatments have gained attention due to their substantial advantages and efficiency over the standard methods. This review paper aimed to address the comprehensively about drinking water resources available, causes of contamination water and methods of water treatment. The enhanced water treatment methods such as reverse osmosis, Nano filtration, Advanced Oxidation Process, Photocatalysis, Ultraviolet disinfection, Chlorine dioxide disinfection, Solar disinfection and Electro-coagulation, were discussed with their advantages and disadvantages.Item Study of Plants Community and Their Economic Importance Present in the Vikrant University Gwalior Campus, Madhya Pradesh, India(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) Sahu, A; Singh, SK; Kumar, H; Singh, NK; Thakur, JP.Planning for biodiversity in urban areas is an important step in preventing biodiversity loss due to urbanization and deforestation. It is possible to design landscapes with a variety of plants, including trees, medicinal plants, and ornamental plants, that not only provide a healthy, pollution-free environment but also a variety of ecosystem services, including medicinal value, a source of food and fruit, aesthetic value, and educational services. The current study, which covers the identification, characterization, and studies of their relevance of plants on the campus of Vikrant University Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, is based on a survey of plants in different zones of University. The different plant species were named, and their significance was researched. The total number of different plant species was 48. The study also identified five Monocotyledon plant species, which are members of the Arecaceae, Poaceae, Cycadaceae and Liliaceae families, while the remaining 43 different plants belong to Dicotyledon species. In order for readers to appreciate the wholesome environment produced by the various varieties of plants growing in the university campus, it also helps them comprehend the role that plants play in providing ecosystem services to people. The purpose of the study, which focused on flora, was to motivate the student body to preserve the university's biodiversity.Item Impacts of Climate Change and its Mitigation Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) Abhishek; Thakur, R; Himanshu.Climate change is considered one of the major environment problems in the 21st century and which has become an important scientific and political issue. Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change has shown that the earth temperature has increased by 0.74°C between 1906 and 2005 due to increase in anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. It is caused due to both external influences such as changes in solar radiation and volcanism and anthropogenic activities which greatly contributes to changes in the atmosphere that began with the industrial revolution. These changes may culminate in adverse impact on human health and the biosphere on which we depend. The multi-faceted interactions among the humans, microbes and the rest of the biosphere, have started reflecting an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) i.e. CO2, CH4 and N2O, causing warming across the globe along with other cascading consequences in the form of shift in rainfall pattern, melting of ice, rise in sea level etc. Agriculture is likely to suffer due to increased temperature, drought, erratic weather, pests and diseases, etc. Therefore, a substantial investment in mitigation of climate change is required to maintain current yields and to amplify food production and quality to meets the demands.Item From Policy to Fields: How NICRA is Transforming Climate-resilient Agriculture in Darrang, Assam, India(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) Sarmah, A; Das, BK; Hafiz, A; Sarma, MS; Ojah, I; Konwar, S; Barman, B; Beypi, N; Saloi, HJ.The increasing frequency of climate-induced hydro-meteorological extremes poses a significant threat to agrarian sustainability in Eastern Himalayan floodplain ecosystems. This study examines the transformative impact of the National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) in Kamarpara village, Darrang district, Assam—an agroecologically vulnerable site recurrently affected by floods, erratic rainfall, and seasonal droughts. Through a suite of integrated interventions encompassing climate-resilient crop varieties (e.g., Ranjit Sub-1, millets, Boro rice), natural resource management (e.g., raised beds, rainwater harvesting, planted dykes), livestock and poultry innovations (e.g., dual-purpose poultry, Beetal crossbreeding, elevated shelters), and capacity-building measures, the program demonstrated measurable improvements in productivity, income diversification, and ecological stability. Empirical outcomes included up to 25% yield enhancement in stress-tolerant rice, improved fodder availability through perennial grasses, reduced livestock mortality, and increased resilience of smallholders to climatic aberrations. Participatory technology dissemination, experiential learning, and adaptive behavioral shifts among farmers were key enablers of success. The convergence of low-cost, scalable technologies with localized governance mechanisms established Kamarpara as a replicable model of grassroots climate adaptation. The findings underscore the strategic importance of farmer-centric, ecosystem-specific interventions in operationalizing climate resilience, offering critical insights for policy replication across similar flood- and drought-prone regions.Item Performance Evaluation of Dwarfing Rootstock under Open Field and Protected Structure in Cold Arid Region of Ladakh(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) DOLKAR, D; DOLKAR, R; MEHDI, M; LAMO, K; HUSSAIN, A; TUNDUP, P; ANGMO, K; SPALDON, S; LASKIT, J; BANOO, R; TSOMO, J.The basics of a productive and healthy orchard are the rootstocks that provide anchorage, water and nutrients essential to the above-ground portions of the trees. Thus, rootstock play crucial role in determining productive and healthy orchard efficiency in fruit crops by directly influence on the production of flower and fruits setting. The present study explores the performance evaluation of dwarfing rootstock under open field and protected structure in cold arid region of Ladakh. A two factorial Randomized Block Design with four replications was carried out at Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kargil-, SKUAST-K Kargil Ladakh. The saplings were dugout in the month of March when the temperature is favorable, planted both in open field as well as under hi-tech polyhouse. Individual data at each treatment, representing a combination of rootstock and environmental condition, was replicated four times to ensure reliability and accuracy of the results. Data from the observation were also subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare the means of the different rootstock and different environmnet condition for each parameter. Statistical significance was determined at a 5% level (p ≤ 0.05). Among all the dwarfing rootstock M111 recorded maximum plant height, number of shoots, and stock girth followed by M106 under both open filed and hi-tech poly house. However, shoot length was found maximum in P22 under protected while under open field condition, it was found maximum in M111rootstsock. And survival per cent was found maximum under M9 rootstock. The polyhouse protection during the initial growth phase can significantly accelerate the production of vigorous, high quality rootstock saplings in such shorter timeframe than open field cultivation, offering a scale strategy for horticultural expansion in Ladakh’s harsh environment.Item Artificial Intelligence-Driven Smart Waste-to-Energy Networks for Climate-Resilient Circular Resource Management in Vulnerable Megacities(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) Islam, FAS.Climate-vulnerable megacities like Dhaka, Bangladesh, face escalating challenges in managing mounting volumes of municipal solid waste (MSW), exacerbated by rapid urbanization, climate shocks, and inadequate resource recovery systems. This research proposes an advanced AI-driven Smart Waste-to-Energy (AI-CIR-WtE) framework designed to transform linear waste systems into adaptive, circular, and climate-resilient urban infrastructure. Integrating artificial intelligence, life cycle modeling, digital twins, and blockchain, the framework offers a comprehensive pathway to optimize waste valorization, emissions reduction, and sustainable energy generation in resource-constrained settings. The proposed system leverages Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks for forecasting waste generation by ward and season, coupled with Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) for multi-objective optimization of waste routing, energy efficiency, and environmental impact. An AI-LCA engine, developed using OpenLCA and TensorFlow, dynamically quantifies GHG emissions, carbon offsets, and energy returns under multiple WtE configurations. Simulations are embedded within a 3D digital twin of Dhaka, constructed in Unity/Unreal Engine, enabling real-time modeling of disaster impacts (e.g., monsoon flooding, urban heatwaves) on infrastructure and service delivery. To ensure transparency and verifiability in carbon credit mechanisms, a blockchain-enabled MRV (Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification) layer tracks waste origin, conversion outputs, and emission reductions across the value chain. The framework incorporates climate equity through a gender and social inclusion lens, offering AI-based training modules and digital participation platforms for women, youth, and informal waste workers. Results show a projected 27–35% increase in circular material recovery, up to 41% reduction in lifecycle emissions, and 18% rise in decentralized energy yields under optimized conditions. The AI-CIR-WtE model demonstrates strong alignment with UN SDGs, Verra’s Verified Carbon Standard, and investment criteria from the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and World Bank climate finance facilities. By converging data-driven optimization, immersive simulation, and climate-just governance, this research offers a scalable blueprint for circular economy transition in megacities under climate threat. The framework is replicable in other Global South contexts and serves as a digital, equitable infrastructure roadmap toward net-zero urban futures.Item Assessment of Wetland Ecosystem Services using RAWES Approach: A Case Study of Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) Sahu, P; Sharma, D; Dixit, A; Tigga, A; Singh, P; Sahu, S.Urban wetlands are important for sustaining and maintaining ecological balance and human well-being. This study applied the Rapid Assessment of Wetland Ecosystem Services (RAWES) approach to assess the ecosystem services provided by 38 urban wetlands located within urban settlements of Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. The assessment of urban wetlands was conducted during 2025, and classified ecosystem services into provisioning, cultural, regulating and supporting groups. Result showed that among provisioning services fresh water (++ = 11) and food (++ = 12) showed the significant positive contributions. Regulating services like air quality (+ = 24) and climate regulation (+ = 24) showed positive contributions whereas services such as pest regulation (- = 26), disease control (- = 21) and nutrient cycling showed negative contributions mainly because of degradation or pollution. Cultural services such as recreation and tourism (++ = 4) showed positive contributions whereas, spiritual and educational services showed limited benefits. Vegetation analysis showed the dominance of ecologically and culturally important tree species such as, Ficus religiosa and Azadirachta indica. The ecosystem service index was used for quantification of the services and to highlight the need for better conservation strategies. The RAWES framework is a participatory tool used for identifying, quantifying and supporting the conservation of urban wetlands.Item Vegetable Grafting: A Horticultural Tool for Mitigating Abiotic Stresses in Vegetable Crops under a Changing Climate(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) Kumar, V; Akanksha; Mahto, DK.Vegetables are considered protective foods and play an important role in providing a balanced diet to human beings. Nevertheless, there is volatility in national agriculture output for vegetables, as vegetable crops are highly vulnerable to climate change. The purpose of this article is to systematically review contemporary research pertaining to the reaction of grafted plants to unfavorable chemical soil conditions, encompassing nutrient deficiencies, toxic metal concentrations, water deficits and surpluses, as well as extreme pH levels. Vegetables, being succulent in nature, are susceptible to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses. For the successful cultivation of vegetables, the crops should be resilient to abiotic stress under a changing climate. Conventional breeding techniques, which relay on extensive breeding cycle, are time intensive. Vegetable grafting, an environment sustainable, swift and effective plant surgery method, serves as the optimal alternative for climate-resilient crop production, tackling vegetable crop production against the abiotic stressors. It was concluded that the use of appropriate tolerant rootstocks improves crop growth, yield and quality in vegetable crops, which confer resistance against abiotic stresses. Graft compatibility is a key factor in the success of grafting, so future studies should be focused on this aspect.Item Growth Performance of Teak at Different Planting Densities(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) GM, D; DC, H; AR, R; K, C; Kotyal, K.Teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) is a premium tropical hardwood species valued for its durability, strength, and resistance to pests, playing a vital role in timber production, commercial plantations and carbon sequestration. An assessment was made from June 2021 to May 2022 at the AICRP on Agroforestry unit, ZARS, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka, to know the growth performance of teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) under varying planting densities. The twelve years old teak trees were maintained by the three spacings viz.,12 m × 3 m, 10 m × 3 m and 8 m × 3 m, using a strip plot design replicated seven times. Tree growth parameters such as height, girth at breast height (GBH) and crown spread were significantly influenced by spacing. The widest spacing (12 m × 3 m) recorded the highest trees height (9.76 m), highest GBH (56.43 cm) and largest canopy spread (6.07 m in N–S and 5.07 m in E–W direction). Biomass accumulation and carbon sequestration were also significantly influenced by the different spacing treatments. The 12 m × 3 m spacing yielded the highest wood volume (41.20 m³ ha⁻¹), total biomass (28.55 t ha⁻¹), carbon content (13.42 t ha⁻¹) and CO₂ sequestration (49.25 t ha⁻¹). Whereas, the lowest wood volume (32.03 m³ ha⁻¹), total biomass (22.20 t ha⁻¹), carbon content (10.43 t ha⁻¹) and CO₂ sequestration (38.29 t ha⁻¹) was recorded in 8 m × 3 m spacing. The closer spacing (8 m × 3 m), despite of lower tree growth and biomass, recorded the highest soil organic carbon (1.51 t ha⁻¹), possibly due to higher litterfall accumulation. In contrast, the wider spacing (12 m × 3 m) recorded the lowest soil organic carbon content (1.37 t ha⁻¹). Light intensity, measured through lux meter readings, showed a reduction near tree boles in narrower spacing, with highest light availability under wider spacing. The results suggest that wider teak spacing supports superior tree growth, biomass accumulation and carbon storage, while closer spacing contributes to enhanced soil carbon.Item Monsoonal Dynamics and Rainfall Extremes in Salem, Tamil Nadu, India: Insights from a Climate Variability Perspective(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) Ragul Gowtham, H; Ramachandran, J.India, characterised by its diverse climatic zones and reliance on monsoonal rainfall, is particularly vulnerable to climate change. Over recent decades, the country has experienced significant alterations in rainfall patterns, including shifts in monsoon onset, intensity, and distribution, leading to increased frequency of extreme weather events such as floods and droughts. The study aimed to gain insights related to monsoonal dynamics and rainfall extremes in Salem. A 40-year analysis (1984–2024) of rainfall in Salem, Tamil Nadu, India, reveals a strong monsoonal influence and marked inter-annual variability. Annual rainfall totals peaked at approximately 1250 mm (2022) and dipped as low as ~420 mm (2014), reflecting extreme wet and dry years. While no definitive long-term trend is evident, recent decades show an increased frequency of extremes. Monthly data highlight October–November (Northeast Monsoon) as the wettest period (October ≈150 mm), while January–February remains the driest (~10–15 mm). Seasonal analysis shows that the Southwest Monsoon (June–September) and Northeast Monsoon (October–December) contribute ~35% and ~33% of the annual total, respectively, with summer and winter contributing ~22% and ~10%. These fluctuations carry major implications for watershed management, underscoring the need for high storage during wet years and resilient planning during droughts. The observed variability and frequency of extreme events are consistent with climate change projections, indicating intensified monsoon rains and more prolonged dry spells. Understanding these patterns is therefore crucial for sustainable water resource planning and climate adaptation in the region. The evidence presented in this study provides a scientific foundation for climate-informed planning, urging policymakers, water managers, and communities to act proactively, ensuring water security and ecological stability for the coming generations.Item Stability and Seasonal Performance of Fruit Yield traits in Elite Mulberry (Morus spp.) Genotypes(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) AS, T; Chikkalingaiah; Aramani, K; V, S; MK, V; kankanawadi, N.A study was conducted at the Department of Sericulture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2023-24 to evaluate the stability of elite mulberry genotypes across three different seasons. Stability parameters were analyzed to assess the adaptability of these genotypes. A promising and stable genotype was identified based on higher mean performance, unitary regression (bi) values and minimal deviation from regression (S²di). Most genotypes displayed low environmental sensitivity and were well-adapted across seasons, allowing for performance prediction across all seasons. For fruit characteristics, ME-0220 consistently outperformed other genotypes in terms of the number of fruits per plant and per branch across winter, summer and rainy seasons. ME-0006 showed superior performance in fruit width, length, weight and yield per plant excelling in nearly all traits. Both ME-0006 and ME-0220 were found to be stable and high-yielding across the three seasons based on the G × E interaction and their consistent performance in fruit yield and its related traits. These results highlight the importance of selecting stable, high-yielding mulberry genotypes to enhance sustainable production and promote the development of diversified mulberry agro-industries.Item Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Economics of Aerobic Rice under Different Irrigation Regimes and Cultivars(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) Nayak, BR; Padhiary, AK; Nayak, US; Alim, MA; Panda, S; Naik, U; Mahanty, M; Das, CK.Transplanted rice is the traditional rice cultivation consumes more water, which threatens the sustainability of rice production. Thus, there is a need to find out the alternate means of rice cultivation to save water and other inputs. A field experiment was conducted during the summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 in the West Central Table Zone of Odisha to evaluate the efficacy of medium-duration rice varieties under varying irrigation regimes in aerobic conditions. The experiment followed a split-plot design with four irrigation regimes ( IW/CPE ratios of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5) as main plots and four rice varieties (Naveen, MTU-1010, CR Dhan-201, and CR Dhan-204) as subplots. The irrigation regime at IW/CPE = 2.5 recorded the maximum grain yield of 4.07 t/ha, which was significantly superior to the other irrigation regimes, but statistically at par with IW/CPE = 2.0 (3.90 t/ha). Among the cultivars, the variety CR Dhan-201 produced the higher grain yield (3.54 t/ha), which was significantly higher than the other varieties, but at par with Naveen (3.30 t/ha). Maximum nutrient uptake was observed at the IW/CPE = 2.5 irrigation level, with uptake values of 80.07 kg N/ha, 36.70 kg P/ha, and 124.4 kg K/ha, all of which were significantly superior to other irrigation regimes. Similarly, the variety CR Dhan-201 exhibited the higher nutrient uptake, recording 65.41 kg N/ha, 30.49 kg P/ha, and 104.8 kg K/ha, significantly superior than the other cultivars/varieties. The maximum FWUE was observed under IW/CPE = 1.5, with a value of 40.71 kg/ha-cm, which was at par with other irrigation regimes except IW/CPE 2.5 whereas, B: C ratio (1.74) was observed with irrigation at IW/CPE 2.0 which was at par with IW/CPE 2.5 (1.73)and significantly superior to other irrigation regimes. Among the varieties, CR Dhan-201 recorded the higher B:C ratio of 1.62 & higher FWUE of 41.60 kg/ha-cm which was significantly superior to the rest other cultivars.Item A Review of Remote Sensing and GIS in Agronomic Decision-Making(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) Nandeha, N; Trivedi, A; Subhasish, B; Chauhan, V; Dange, MM.Agronomical research benefits greatly from the use of remote sensing. Understanding the agronomic parameters has been made possible by the evaluation of agricultural crop canopies. Crop classification, yield assessment, and crop monitoring all heavily rely on remote sensing. Agronomical research requires the use of remote sensing since the field is extremely susceptible to changes in soil, climate, and other physico-chemical factors. Strong seasonal patterns are observed in the agricultural production system monitoring in relation to the crops' biological life cycle. Each of these elements varies greatly in both space and time. Furthermore, because of unfavourable growth circumstances, agricultural yield might fluctuate quickly. Observing of agricultural systems have to be adhered to promptly. Remote sensing is an essential tool for timely monitoring and giving a precise picture of the agriculture industry because of its high visit frequency and exceptional precision. Sustainable agriculture management requires a spatiotemporal analysis of all the factors influencing the agricultural industry. The assessment and management of agricultural activities heavily relies on remote sensing and other cutting-edge methods like geographical information systems and global positioning systems. These technologies have numerous multifaceted uses in agriculture, including yield estimation, weather forecasting, crop acreage estimation, crop growth monitoring, soil moisture estimation, soil fertility evaluation, crop stress detection, disease and pest infestation detection, drought and flood condition monitoring, precision agriculture to preserve the sustainability of agricultural systems and boost national economic growth.Item Adoption of Sustainable Tableware: Demographic Insights and Consumer Perception toward Agrowaste-Based Alternatives(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) Nazra; Vats, A.Plastic pollution is a pressing global issue, exacerbated by the widespread use of single-use plastics and unsustainable consumption patterns. Although awareness of environmental impacts has increased, plastic production continues to rise, leading to significant ecological damage. In response, biodegradable alternatives derived from agricultural waste, such as groundnut and walnut shells, are gaining traction. This study investigates consumer awareness, perception, willingness to pay, and barriers associated with the adoption of biodegradable tableware made from agrowaste. Using a structured survey and statistical analysis (chi-square test), the research reveals that income and education levels significantly influence purchasing behavior. The results of the chi-square test revealed that the null hypothesis was rejected for both income and education. Based on the chi-square values, it was concluded that the perception level and willingness to pay extra for biodegradable tableware are influenced by respondents’ income (χ² = 38.905). Similarly, the perception level of the respondents was also found to be significantly influenced by their educational status (χ² = 139.876). Among the various barriers identified, affordability and availability of the products emerged as the major barrier to adoption, particularly among lower-income groups. The findings highlight the need to address key challenges such as cost, awareness, and product durability, while also promoting sustainability and circular economy practices.Item The Efficiency of Antitranspirants in the Enhancement of the Physiology of Brassica napus L. under Different Water Stress Levels(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2025-07) Pakhira, A; Jolly, GE; Jincy, M; Bag, AG.Rapeseed is a crucial crop in India, contributing 23.7% and 27% to oilseed acreage and production, respectively. With an estimated population of 1.32 billion, 21.12 million tonnes of edible oil are required, with about 20% to be met by rapeseed-mustard equivalent to 12.7 Mt. Water stress due to several causes is the limiting factor for increasing productivity. The main objective of performing this work is to evaluate the potential of anti-transpirants and study the underlying mechanism asserted by the anti-transpirants on the physiology of rapeseed. Three levels of stress were applied viz. Irrigation at 100% FC (Field Capacity), 75% FC and 50% FC. The research work was carried out in the agriculture field of Lovely Professional University. The experiment was carried out with 3 main plot treatments (Irrigation levels) and 5 sub-plot treatments (Anti-transpirants) carried out in 3 replications with total 45 plots. The layout was split-plot design, and statistical analysis was done using STATISTIX 10 and OPSTAT. After doing the experiment, it was found that increasing stress resulted in lower total chlorophyll content, greater proline accumulation, and higher stomatal count per unit area of fresh leaf. The crops treated with Kaolin 6% exhibited the least stress, with reduced proline buildup, higher total chlorophyll content, and fewer stomata per unit area. Plants treated with 6% Kaolin shown increased nutrient absorption (N, P, and K). Through this experiment we can say that with anti-transpirants (specially Kaolin 6%) plants able to tolerate reduced moisture availability most efficiently. From the overall prospect, amonh anti-transpirants, Kaolin 6% observed to be the most effective anti-transpirant. The difference between the result obtained in irrigation at 100% FC and irrigation at 75% FC is less, which indicates that an increase in water availability was not too much beneficial for the physiological development of the crop.