International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences
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Editor in chief: Dr. Ghulam Subhani
ISSN: 2319-5886
Frequency: Quarterly
Language: English
Open Access Peer-reviewed journal
Web site: https://ijmrhs.com/
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Item Milk Lactoferrin: A Nutraceutical Supplement against Viruses(Sumathi Publications, 2025-01) Mohammadabadi, Taherah; Jain, Rajesh; Bouyahya, AbdelhakimMilk is containing immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, peptidoglycan recognition protein, vitamins C and oligosaccharides which are against microbial infections. Lactoferrin is one glycoprotein detected in milk of livestock such as cow, buffalo, and camel, as camel milk containing highest amount compared to the milk from other livestock species. Activation, proliferation, and regulation of the phagocytic action of immune cells are facilitated by the lactoferrin. The antiviral actions of lactoferrin are against both DNA and RNA viruses such as hepatitis, herpes simplex viruses, HIV, rotavirus, and respiratory viruses by binding viral particles, inhibit viral adhesion, and entry into target cells. Also, lactoferrin may directly interact with viral receptors such as heparan sulfate on the cell surfaces and prevent the virus attachment and infection. The boosting host immune system by nutritional supplements such as lactoferrin may be effective against viruses� entry and infection into the host cells. Milk lactoferrin as powder or tablets may be a novel promising candidate and preventative treatment for more severe cases of viral infections. However, it needs more studies on dosage to verify its efficacy on prevention and treatment.Item Investigating the Characteristics of a Gear Pump(Sumathi Publications, 2025-01) Awais, Muhmmad; Ashraf, Muhammad; Zaidi, ZarghamThis study explores the operation of gear pumps and the effects of several variables on their efficiency. Through the analysis of many graphs, including 揹ischarge vs. head, discharge vs. input power, discharge vs. efficiency, and discharge vs. NPSHr.� We were able to obtain valuable insights regarding cavitation concerns, power consumption, and efficiency. It emphasizes how important it is for gear pumps to have the ideal settings in a variety of sectors. A thorough understanding of these pumps' real-world performance requires more research conducted under a variety of settings. Understanding these pumps in fluid systems is essential.Item Comparative Evaluation of Solubility of Five Commercially Available Glass Ionomer Luting Cements in Dynamic Artificial Saliva: An In Vitro Study(Sumathi Publications, 2025-01) Paldiwal, AditiAim: To compare solubility of five luting cements namely, GC glass ionomer cement, 3M glass ionomer cement, shofu glass ionomer cement, SDI glass ionomer cement and ivoclar glass ionomer cement in artificial saliva media with two different pH, (pH-5 and pH-7) circulated with magnetic field. Material and methods: Each of the five materials under investigation was used to create a total of 40 specimens, which were then compared for their solubility in an artificial salivary environment. The solubility was determined by calculating the difference between the specimen's initial weight and its final, constant weight after being stored in a desiccator. Results: All glass ionomer luting cements show highest solubility in pH 5 and lowest solubility in pH 7. Among all glass ionomer luting cements GC, 3M, ivoclar and shofu showed highest solubility in pH 5 followed by pH 7, whereas SDI showed highest solubility in both medium pH 5 and pH 7. When solubility was compared with artificial saliva of different pH (pH 5 and pH 7), it was observed that effect of solubility on SDI Glass ionomer luting cement was significantly more than on GC, 3M, ivoclar and shofu glass ionomer luting cements. Conclusion: GC, 3M, shofu, Ivoclar and SDI are more soluble in acidic medium (pH 5) and least soluble in neutral medium (pH 7). GC, 3M, shofu and ivoclar showed least solubility in acidic and neutral pH when compared with SDI. Thus, an important determinant of luting cement in mouth is their resistance to dissolution and disintegration, which is of great importance to clinician in routine dental practice.Item Significance of Mycotoxin in Health and Advance(Sumathi Publications, 2025-01) Waktola, GirmaIn this review article, the recognized effects of mycotoxins on human health, the types of mycotoxins that affect human health, and their control methods were discussed in detail. Mycotoxins are harmful substances produced by fungi in various foods. Most of these mycotoxins belong to the three genera of fungi: Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium. Acute mycotoxicoses can cause serious and sometimes fatal diseases. Depending on their precise nature, these toxins may be carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic, immunosuppressive, tremorgenic, hemorrhagic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and neurotoxic. Mycotoxin is known for its teratogenic effect that can cause an adverse effect on the fetus in the womb owing to its ability to cross the placenta and cause the malformation of the central nervous system and damage to the brain. Control of mold growth in feeds can be accomplished by keeping moisture low, feeding fresh, equipment clean, and using mold inhibitors. In tallying, control of mycotoxins in animal diets would reduce the likelihood that mycotoxin residues would appear in animal products destined for human consumption.Item Clients Satisfaction towards Vaccination Service and Associated Factors in Doyogena District, Southern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study(Sumathi Publications, 2025-01) Ezo, Elias; Lafore, Terefe; Kibamo, Bekafe; Ergicho, Kebebush; Degefu, Sindu; Ashager, KidistIntroduction: Client satisfaction with vaccination service is one of the most commonly used outcome measures, and addressed to improve the value and efficacy of vaccination service provision. Studies conducted in Ethiopia were institution-based on clients who were already decided, but, there are clients in their homes that did not frequently visit the health institution. Objective: To assess clients satisfaction with vaccination services and associated factors in the Doyogena district, southern Ethiopia, 2022. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed from April 1 to 30/2022. The total sample size was 350. A simple random sampling technique was used to select kebeles, and a systematic sampling technique was used to select clients. The data were entered by using Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 24 software. Frequency, tables, and figures were used. Multi-collinearity was checked and the goodness of fit test was done using the Hosmer-Lemeshow model goodness fit test. Bivariable analysis was done and variables with p value less than 0.25 were entered into multivariable logistic regression analysis. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval.Results: The magnitude of clients� satisfaction with vaccination service was 51.7% (95% CI: 46.2-57.5). Clients in age group 25-29 (AOR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.11-0.95), age group 30-34 (AOR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.06-0.37), time taken to reach health facility less than 30 minutes (AOR: 7.11, 95% CI: 3.51-14.41), problem after vaccination (AOR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.09-0.38) and happy when infant got vaccinated (AOR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.06-6.29) were associated with client satisfaction towards vaccination service. Conclusion: The clients satisfaction with vaccination service was low. Therefore, healthcare workers should use outreach sites near the community for vaccination services, explain the side effects, caution, and possible complications of vaccination, and provide health information for clients towards vaccination services.Item Proposed Vaccine for Mental Health: From Green Tea(Sumathi Publications, 2025-03) AyushiMental health is one of the major concerns prevailing now-a-days, both, at national level and global level. Specially, after COVID-19, this concern has raised to an alarming level, and needs to be worked upon. Although, there are various therapies and medications against mental disorders. But, those medicines have their own side effects also. We need to take some extra step towards the root of these mental disorders, which is 憄sychological stress�. Psychological stress is not only the root of various mental disorders, but also, a few physical health issues, such as type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. That抯 why; we do need therapeutic agents and their target against psychological stress. A few publications on PubMed claimed that, green tea has a few such natural components. Two phytochemicals of green tea 慶affeine� and 慙-theanine�, acts on brain, and can positively influence mood and cognition. Both these components in this research were studied using 慞ubChem� and 慉DMETlab2.0�. Caffeine mainly enhances arousal, alertness, and, attention-switching. While, L-theanine can increase the level of happiness promoting neurotransmitters in brain, which are serotonin, dopamine and GABA, as suggested by 慞ubChem�. ADMETlab2.0 suggests the overall safety of both these phytochemicals on human body. So, the final conclusion of this research was that, mainly 慙-theanine� as key component or 慙-theanine� and 慶affeine� together, isolated from green tea, can serve as 憄reventive or therapeutic vaccine� against various mental disorders and psychological stress.Item A Clinical Study to Determine the Efficacy of Pramehhara Kwatha in the Management of Madhumeha W.S.R. to Type II Diabetes Mellitus(Sumathi Publications, 2025-01) Bhardwaj, AnantThe present is an era of rapid modernization. Due to sedentary lifestyle and faulty dietary habits, humans are becoming more vulnerable to several metabolic disorders. Preameha is one of them which is caused by association of vitiated tridoshas and morbid Meda, Rakta, Shukra, Ambu, Vasa, Lasika, Majja, Rasa, Oja and Mamsa dhatus. In modern science, it resembles the symptomatology of type II diabetes mellitus which is caused by inadequate insulin production, improper insulin action, or both. In 20th century Dr. Gananath Sen and others have expounded about the theory that Madhumeha is Dhatwagni mandya vikara which can be correlated to diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus may be included under the broad spectrum of prameha described in Ayurvedic classics. Prameha is considered as Mahagada by Ayurvedic Acharayas. Mahagada are diseases having chronicity with involvement of Tridoshas, multiple Dhatus and Strotases affecting vital organs and thus rendering them difficult to treat. From Ayurvedic point of view, Prameha seems to stem from metabolic derangements at different levels caused either due to genetic factor or due to Apathya Ahara and Vihara. The prevalence of diabetes in high socio-economic population of rural areas is more and in rural areas of all states of India, diabetes was more prevalent in individuals of higher SES. In the next 20 years, it is expected that the prevalence of diabetes in adults-of which type 2 DM is becoming more prevalent. A large portion of this rise will take place in developing nations, where the majority of patients are between the ages of 45 and 64. In 2011, 366 million individuals were expected to have DM; by 2030, this number will have increased to 552 million. It is a potential signal for several comorbidities like hypertension, coronary artery disease, renal diseases etc.Item Persistent Creatinine and Uric Acid Elevation in an Active Athletic Male: A Case Report(Sumathi Publications, 2025-03) Alaseem, Ali MWhey Protein (WP) and other protein-fortified supplements are frequently recommended as nutritional supplements to aid in muscle hypertrophy and myogenesis during resistance training. This case report presents a 36- year-old athletic male with elevated creatinine and uric acid levels during routine laboratory evaluation. The patient had no history of kidney disease, diabetes, or hypertension. Upon further examination, it was revealed that the patient had been regularly consuming whey protein as a dietary supplement for two months. Given the potential association between the elevated creatinine and uric acid levels and the use of whey protein, the patient was advised to discontinue the supplement. The patient then switched to protein-fortified milk in an effort to mitigate the possible harmful connection between the dietary intake and the laboratory findings. However, despite the dietary change, the increased levels of creatinine and uric acid persisted. This observation suggests that the elevated levels may be attributed to chronic whey protein consumption along with high protein dietary consumption. The case highlights the potential adverse effects of protein supplementation, particularly whey protein, on renal function.Item Women and Osteoporosis(Sumathi Publications, 2025-03) Vineesha, MItem Pharmaceutical Paradigms: Dissecting the Duality of Generic and Branded Medications-A Meticulous Exploration of Economic Prudence, Therapeutic Integrity, and Patient-Centric Outcomes(Sumathi Publications, 2025-01) Prabhu, Chethan; Kamath, KrishnanandaIn the complex world of pharmaceuticals, the distinction between branded and generic drugs is a major issue that impacts various domains such as cost-effectiveness, therapeutic effectiveness, and patient-centered results. This thorough analysis sets out on a quest to reveal the complex layers and conflicting perspectives ingrained in this pharmaceutical dualism. Its central thesis is an engrossing investigation of the complex interactions between therapeutic integrity and economic reason. It delves deeply into the core of prescription decisions and carefully examines the complex web of financial factors, legal requirements, and strict quality control protocols. Combining these elements reveals a complicated web that regulates affordability, accessibility, and the guarantee of high-quality care delivery in healthcare systems. Outside of the economic debate, this review aims to shed light on the significant influence on patient adherence and overall health outcomes. It carefully outlines the complex relationship between drug kinds and how they affect adherence to therapy, preservation of health, and general patient well-being. It aims to clarify the complex nature of therapeutic success and the crucial role that drug preferences play in the larger framework of patient-centered care through the use of this lens. Furthermore, this thorough investigation goes beyond therapeutic considerations and explores the domains of market dynamics and regulatory requirements. It carefully looks at how customer attitudes, branding, and the complex network of patent rules all play a part in shaping the pharmaceutical businesses. By doing this, it clarifies the profound effects on industrial practices, healthcare policies, and the changing paradigms that constantly redefine prescription preferences. This careful analysis of the complex interactions between branded and generic drugs aims to offer a broad viewpoint. It seeks to provide policymakers, stakeholders, and healthcare professionals with a deep comprehension of the complex decisions, underlying difficulties, and wider ramifications that support the use of these drugs within the complex framework of contemporary healthcare.Item The Effect of Myrtus Communi, Conocarpus and Rosa Canina L on Blood Glucose and Lipids and Meat Shelf Life in Rabbits(Sumathi Publications, 2025-03) Mohammadabadi, Taherah; Hoseyni, Somayh; Hojjate, MohammadOne of the most common diseases of this century is blood sugar and blood fat. In addition to dietary and medicinal solutions, plants are also used in traditional medicine to treat these diseases. The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of investigating the effects of myrtle, conocarpus plants and Rosa canina, on blood sugar and fat levels and antioxidant meat, in rabbit blood. For this purpose, 20 heads of New Zealand rabbits were used in a completely random design with a control diet, 25% of the myrtle plant, 25% of the conocarpus plant and 11.6% Rosa canina. According to the results, meat of rabbits fed with myrtle, conocarpus plant and Rosa canina had lower concentration of malondialdehyde during storage in the refrigerator and freezer compared to the control (P<0.05). The meat of rabbits fed with Rosa canina had lower malondialdehyde concentration and higher antioxidant properties than the meat of rabbits fed with conocarpus and myrtle plants (P<0.05). To determine the effect myrtle, conocarpus plants and Rosa canina on blood sugar and blood fat levels of rabbits, blood biochemical parameters were investigated. In the treatment of myrtle, Conocarpus and Rosa canina, the concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL and glucose decreased significantly compared to the control treatment (p<0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the concentration of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase between the treatments (p>0.05). According to the results of this research, it can be said that myrtle and conocarpus reduce blood glucose level and can also have a positive effect on reducing blood fat.Item Overview of Physiotherapy Profession(Sumathi Publications, 2025-01) Leopold, RusizanaThe healthcare community, the medical academia and members of the public see physiotherapy professionals in the health sector and public places where patients, groups in sports and working classes gather. However, the roles of physiotherapy are not clear to many. This paper aims to present physiotherapy profession, the roles of physiotherapy professionals. Physiotherapy as a growing profession with services extended to all age groups with different health problems, complements other healthcare disciplines to serve patients with various conditions that impact on their level of function; enhance recovery and prevent the impact of ill-health on the patient and his/her family. The practice of physiotherapy requires a systematic patient assessment, develop an intervention plan based on findings of the assessment, maintain records and ensure patient safety during patient care. Physiotherapy research has of recent improved to advancements in scientific knowledge acquisition; members of the physiotherapy profession should include research as a core role of the profession. The current and future complex disease burden and the public impulse for quality healthcare services create opportunities for physiotherapy professionals to rigorously embrace evidence-based physiotherapy. University faculties that offer physiotherapy courses should include physiotherapy health promotion and patient safety in their curricula.Item Evaluation of Technical Parameter on CT-scan used for Pediatric and Adult Diagnosis in Two Governmental Referal Hospitals in Ethiopia(Sumathi Publications, 2025-02) Defersha, Alemu Motuma; Teferi, Siefe; Regasa, Desta; Wase, AmanThe main aim of this study was to reveal technical parameters on CT scan used for pediatric and adult diagnosis in Tikur Anbesa and Yekatit 12 specialized hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Thus, KV, mA, Eff.mAs, pitch, table feed and rotation times were among explored technical parameters in line of three leading questions. Data on head, neck, chest, abdomen and the pelvic scan regions were collected from a total of 154 patients (22 pediatrics and 132 adults). The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics on microsoft excel and t-test using SPSS software 21 version. The results were presented in the table, line graph and histogram. From t-test report results, it could have concluded that the ED from pediatric resulted in higher than that of adult, t (139)=-0.539, P=0.591. And pitch from pediatric scored higher than that of adult, t (139)=0.385, P=0.701. And for different scan regions and ages 120 KV was used and pediatric exposed to high radiation dose. Based on these results the following recommendations were made. The medical technologist should have selected the appropriate KV based on age and scan regions. The Ethiopian radiation authority should have made survey study on diagnosis dose to reduce the adverse health impacts of doses. Relevant authorities should monitor the radiation management implementation in CT scan medical imaging procedure in hospitals where CT scan machines are employed.Item Prevalence of Malaria in the Different Hospitals of Takht Bhai and District Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa(Sumathi Publications, 2025-02) Ullah, Shakir; Amin, Amjad Ali; Islam, Umair; Khan, Hamza; Muhammad, Noor; Rahman, Muhammad Iqbal Khan; Ilyas, Muhammad; Saeed, Usman; Ahmad, Kabir; Muhammad, Iqbal; Khalid, Shah; Nawab, AbbasThe study highlights the prevalence of malaria security in preventing malaria, particularly in Takht Bhai Mardan nations and regions affected by conflicts. Improving preventive measures and access to proper security against malaria can have a significant impact on people's health in also pregnant women and children. Addressing malarial infection is crucial for preventing overall health and preventing the associated short-term and long-term infection of malaria. Proper netting and preventive hygiene, are essential for malaria control. Inadequate preventive measurement of malaria may lead to death in children as well as in pregnant women. Which can exacerbate malaria and affect the overall health of the people? It is essential to study the awareness of malaria and preventive measurement and its role in malaria control. The study acknowledges that malarial infection is a multifaceted problem influenced by various factors, including infections and anemic conditions in all human populations. The study aims to understand the overall prevalence of malaria. Seasonal wise, age-wise and in pregnant women. Also the prevalence profiles of malaria in children in the area and their potential impact on health in the local area of Takht and Mardan. Malaria is a significant public health problem in Mardan, particularly in the local area of Takht Bhai, and this research could provide insights into the association between human health and malarial infection in the overall population of Takht Bhai Mardan. So the government should focus on the malaria problem of Tehsil Takht Bhai district Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.Item Prevalence of Different Morphological Types of Anemia and Its Significance in Haemodialysis Patients: A Unicentric Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital(Sumathi Publications, 2025-01) Hoda, ArifBackground: Anaemia occurs in the early stages of kidney disease and worsens as kidney function deteriorates. Typical consequences of pneumonia are impaired erythropoietin production, iron and vitamin deficiency, blood loss, shortened erythrocyte life, chronic inflammation, and a uremic environment. Aim: To identify morphological classification of different types of anemia present in hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney diseases. Patients and methods: After obtaining informed consent, 4 mL of blood was collected from the vein of each participant for a Complete Blood Count (CBC) and peripheral film report. The CBC was performed using a haematology analyser. All these patients were previously diagnosed with chronic kidney failure and were on haemodialysis with an average duration of 4 years. They developed anaemia during their illness, so the patients were evaluated to find out the cause of the anaemia. Depending on haematological laboratory data, peripheral blood smear examinations of these 22 patients showed different morphological types of anemia. All patients were on baseline erythropoietin at 10,000 IU per week. Results: In this study, 30 patients were included, of whom 22 were anaemic: 14 males (59%) and 9 females (41%). The age range was 35� for males and 27� for females. The most common types of anemia were normochromic anaemia (50%), which developed in 11 patients, followed by hypochromic microcytic anaemia (31.81%), which developed in 7 patients, and macrocytic anemia (18.18%), which developed in 4 patients. Iron deficiency was notable found in microcytic anemia and also was seen in few cases of normocytic and macrocytic anemia also. Conclusion: Anemia from chronic diseases was the most frequent in hemodialysis patients. There are higher levels of inflammatory parameters in hemodialysis patients than in healthy controls. Normochromic anaemia was the most prevalent type, followed by microcytic hypochromic and then macrocytic hypochromic. Inflammatory markers were higher in most of the patients with normocytic normochromic relationships, with inflammation being the cause of EPO resistanceItem Hand Foot and Mouth Disease-A Case Study and Patient Counselling(Sumathi Publications, 2025-02) Nandhini, H Hema; Rajamurugan, R; Claives, R Jasmiya; Sasikumar, PA 2-year-old female young child was admitted to the hospital with complaints of fever, lack of appetite, reddish papules of the knee, fingers, palms, and feet, as well as a pinkish appearance of the mouth and lips. The child was afebrile, tedious, lethargic, and cranky. Based on signs and symptoms, the child was diagnosed with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD). The child was prescribed Paracetamol, hydroxyzine, zinc acetate and calamine lotion. Four days later, her symptoms have eased, and the lesions have vanished. Six months of child follow-up revealed no evidence of recurrence.Item The Role of Asthma Control Questionnaire for Diagnosis and Assessment of Asthma Control in Children Over 5 Years Old Treated with Fluticasone Propionate and Montelukast(Sumathi Publications, 2025-02) Hasani, SH; Qorraj, H; Kuli-Lito, GJPurpose: There are many factors that determine the occurrence of asthma, starting with genetic predisposition, host characteristics, and environmental exposure. This makes diagnosing asthma and identifying the severity a problem for pediatricians. Unfortunately, the disease's fundamental mechanism is still not fully understood, yet it includes airway inflammation and airway responsiveness. Since various variables affect the clinical manifestations of asthma, it is seldom viewed as a single illness but rather as a collection of heterogeneous phenotypes that have various causes and prognoses. We compared the two groups treated with prophylaxis: One group with Fluticason propionate (F) and the other with Fluticason Propionate plus Montelukast (F+M), and evaluated the use of Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) for detecting the severity of asthma as well as controlling asthma in children over 5 years old. Methods: The research is open type, prospective, randomized, comparative, and standardized. It was done as an outpatient procedure in the pediatric clinic. The study involved 65 children, among whom 35 were boys and 30 were girls. Each child had a standard survey filled out in accordance with ISAAC guidelines, and GINA recommendations were used to determine the severity of each child's asthma. After that, the therapy was started and control appointments were made. The children were split into two groups based on the therapy type: The group that received F and the group treated with F+M. Results: The level of asthma control was evaluated using an Asthma Control Questionnaire-ACQ at each visit for six consecutive months. In the group with F+M, asthma control occurs more quickly and clearly over the course of 6 months: in the third month of treatment, complaints drop to 20%, which results in satisfactory control over asthma symptoms with a further decrease to 1.5% in the sixth month. In contrast, the group with F obtains asthma control later, around the fourth month; by the sixth month, 18.5% of individuals are still receiving treatment. Conclusions: Prophylactic treatment, which involves long-term inhaler corticosteroid use, is used for medium and severe chronic forms. Unwanted side effects are still a problem and make it difficult to discover alternate long-term therapy options, such as adding Montelukast in place of increasing the dosage of corticosteroids. Adding Montelukast in children with uncontrolled asthma shows earlier improvement compare to those with increased dose of Fluticasone The proper setting of Dg and evaluation of the success of asthma management are made possible by the implementation of the standard ACQ questionnaireItem Effectiveness of Some Types of Toothpastes in the Removal of Dental Plaque and Tartar(Sumathi Publications, 2025-02) Laheq, Amani; Brima, Eid Ibrahim; Alasmari, Abdullah Dhafer; Sahlabji, Taher; Mohammed Elimam, AhamedObjective: This article investigated the efficiency of some toothpastes in the removal of dental plaque and tartar using nine upper and lower sheep jaws. Method: The used toothpastes were Sensodyne, Colgate, Closeup blue, Closeup green, Closeup red, Aloe dent, Meridol, Colgate kids and Crest kids. The efficiency was examined by measuring some of the plaque and tartar constituents in toothpaste solutions (before and after brushing). The measured parameters are the pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), conductivity, total carbohydrates, total proteins and some minerals (sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium). Results and discussion: Most of the studied parameters were significantly increased in the after brushing toothpastes solutions. Some after brushing toothpastes solutions were characterized by significantly decreased sugars, proteins and minerals. The studied toothpastes exerted variable significant effects on the studied parameters which may be due to the different chemical constituents. Conclusion: Colgate kids� toothpaste was the most effective in the removal of plaque and tartar followed by Sensodyne and Colgate adults. The Colgate adult is the best in sodium and calcium re-mineralizationItem Assessment of pattern of partial edentulism and its correlation with age, gender, arch and socioeconomic status(Sumathi Publications, 2024-04) Kahar, Anita Rama; Joshi, Jayashree; Deshpande, SaeeBackground and Objectives: The partial edentulism is the condition where one or few teeth are missing in one or both the dental arches of an individual. There are various reasons for the loss of teeth. In spite of advancement and conduction of awareness of dental treatment; there are still individuals with partial edentulism are present in the country. The correlation has been found between the partial edentulism and the different age groups, gender and according to socioeconomic status. So we also decided to conduct such kind of study in our institute. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of partial edentulism according to Kennedy’s classification its correlation of pattern of partial edentulism with age, gender, arch and socioeconomic status. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among the partial edentulous patients visiting to institute. Kennedy’s Classification with or without modifications was recorded after applying Applegate’s rules to record the patterns of partial edentulism for over a period of one year. Results: Total 1965 dental arches were examined. In which 1036 were mandibular arches and 929 were maxillary arches. The Kennedy’s classification of Class III was maximum i.e. 1055 (54%). Conclusion: Kennedy’s Class III is the most common pattern of partial edentulism. There was a statistically significant correlation between the partial edentulism with age and socioeconomic status of the patients while correlation with arch and gender was found to be non-significant. Dental caries (54.35%) was the most common cause of tooth loss. Among 1461 patients; 1251 (85.62%) were without prosthesis.Item Outcomes of Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy and Factors Predicting Successful Outcomes(Sumathi Publications, 2024-07) Nayak, Prasant; Nayak, Aditi; Hota, AnimaPurpose: For renal malignancies, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is the current standard of care. However, we have observed that a radical nephrectomy is often more challenging than expected even in the most experienced hands. Here, we assess the outcomes that determine a successful radical nephrectomy. Methods: In this retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database, between January 2019 and July 2022, patients who had laparoscopic radical nephrectomy were assessed. Total surgical time, intra-operative blood loss postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay were analyzed. Results: Analysis was done on 106 patients. The mean age was 55.33 years ± 12.17 years. Mean operative time 166.79 mins ± 40.11 mins, Blood loss of more than 400 ml was seen in 2 patients (1.8%) and twenty-seven patients required blood transfusions (25%). Conclusion: The term “Simple nephrectomy” is perhaps a misnomer. In a centre of excellence in laparoscopic surgery such as ours, these simple nephrectomies carry longer operative times, comparable rates of surgical complications, and similar hospital stays. Our findings suggest that pre-procedure planning to determine who would benefit most from it is essential while factors such as stone disease or pre-procedure DJ stenting/PCN would perhaps make the procedure more challenging.