International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences
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Editor in chief: Dr. Ghulam Subhani
ISSN: 2319-5886
Frequency: Quarterly
Language: English
Open Access Peer-reviewed journal
Web site: https://ijmrhs.com/
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Item Hyponatremia and Hypokalemia Prevalence in Tuberculosis Patients in a Teaching Hospital.(Sumathi Publications, 2023-10) Uddin, Ryhan; Uddin, Fayyaz; Mufeed, Talha; Jan, FaheemSummary: Study is conducted on tuberculosis patients admitted to a teaching hospital and deals with serum electrolytes profile analysis. Study shows prevalence of hyponatremia (56.2%) and hypokalemia (28.4%) in tuberculosis patients receiving anti-tubercular therapy. Background: Tuberculosis is a contagious chronic disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis affecting millions of people worldwide. Although primarily known impact on respiratory system, tuberculosis can lead to systemic effects including serum electrolytes imbalances. Objective: Aim of the study is to analyze serum sodium and potassium concentrations of tuberculosis patients on anti-tubercular therapy in a teaching hospital to evaluate their imbalances. Patients and Procedures: The study is conducted on 169 patients of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) in the Department of Pulmonology, Khyber teaching hospital,Peshawar from January 2018 to June 2022. The patients were going through anti-tubercular therapy. Demographics and laboratory tests were collected from the patient’s hospital profile and analysis was done through GNU Project Statistical Programing Platform (GNU PSPP). Laboratory tests were performed during their stay at hospital. Results: The mean age was 46.29 ± 19.91 years and 51.5% of the patients were female. The mean serum sodium concentration was 133.31 ± 7.93 mmol/L and mean serum potassium concentration was 3.93 ± 0.87 mmol/L. Prevalence of hyponatremia and hypokalemia were recorded as 56.2% and 28.4% respectively. No statistically significant correlation found between variables with no statistically significant value of p. Conclusion: There is decrease in the level of serum sodium and potassium concentrations in tuberculosis patients.Item Early Clinical Exposure and Near Peer Learning: Leading-edge Effective Teaching-Learning Module(Sumathi Publications, 2023-12) Chahande, Jaishree; Deshpande, SaeeBackground: Students studying dentistry typically have minimal opportunities to develop their teaching abilities. There is no literature in dentistry education that describes the merger of ‘Early Clinical Exposure’ (ECE) and ‘Near Peer Learning’ (NPL) Module with regard to first-year BDS students and interns. Author created a novel module for ECE and NPL to evaluate its impact in knowledge. Materials and methods: 2016 to 2022 six batches students and interns participated in this module including 535 First BDS students and 60 interns. This study was conducted in two phases: Initial Preparation by Faculty to teach theory and demonstrations to First BDS students and Training Sessions for interns and in second phase the actual implementation of ECE-NPL Module. The first year BDS students were first time introduced in clinics and Alginate impression clinical procedure was demonstrated on patients by interns. The Global Rating Scale was used to validate and rate the pre-test and post-test checklist. Paired t-tests were used for the pre- and post-test analyses to evaluate the module's outcomes. Results: Paired t-tests analysis of Pre and post-tests to evaluate outcome of the module shows that outcome factors are increased by the demonstration in clinics. The chi-square goodness of fit test for impact of ECE on students was ?2 (3)=315.654, p value<0.05 and for Intern’s perception about NPL was ?2 (2)=37.900, p value<0.05 and First Year Student’s perception about NPL was ?2 (4)=586.393.Conclusion: This study shed light on the clinical training approach used in a dental undergraduate program and emphasized the advantages of ECE and NPL in the study population. It works well as a supplement to conventional teaching techniques. The positive feedback from the students was received and scored high rating.Item Assess the Child-Parent Relationship among Working Mother and Non-working Mother in Selected Community, Bhubaneswar(Sumathi Publications, 2023-09) Kshirabdhi, Tanaya; Giri, Sakuntala; Mishra, Meghna; Moharana, SubhashreeIntroduction: There are two kinds of mothers who are working outside home; working mother or who are non-working mother (Housewives). Most of the working mothers gave the time to her child may not quantitative but that time may really qualitative. And in case of non-working mothers, they do their domestic work and not only they look after their children but also they take care of all family members. Methods: A non-experimental comparative study was conducted among working mothers and non-working mothers in Baramunda urban community with certain objectives. 1. To evaluate the child-parent relationship among working and non-working mothers. 2. To compare the child-parent relationship between working mothers and non-working mothers. 3. To find out the association between child-parent relationship among working and non-working with selected demographic variables. Total 100 numbers of samples were included in the study through non probability purposive sampling technique. Results: In analysis, study result revealed that the majority 82% of working mothers was having average level of child parent relationship and 76% of non-working mothers were having average level of child parent relationship. Result also evaluated that there was significant association between level of child- parent relationship in working mothers with type of job (?2=7.027, p=0.008), type of family (?2=5.767, p=0.016) and the significant association found between level of child-parent relationship in non-working mothers with type of family (?2=4.778, p=0.043). Discussion: In 2017, Sweta Agrawal explained in her research study that children of non-working mothers possess better social, emotional and home adjustment than children of working mothers. Conclusion: Study concluded that there is average level of child parent relationship among both working and non-working mothers.Item Assessment of pattern of partial edentulism and its correlation with age, gender, arch and socioeconomic status(Sumathi Publications, 2023-10) Kahar, Anita Rama; Joshi, Jayashree; Deshpande, SaeeBackground and Objectives: The partial edentulism is the condition where one or few teeth are missing in one or both the dental arches of an individual. There are various reasons for the loss of teeth. In spite of advancement and conduction of awareness of dental treatment; there are still individuals with partial edentulism are present in the country. The correlation has been found between the partial edentulism and the different age groups, gender and according to socioeconomic status. So we also decided to conduct such kind of study in our institute. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of partial edentulism according to Kennedy’s classification its correlation of pattern of partial edentulism with age, gender, arch and socioeconomic status. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among the partial edentulous patients visiting to institute. Kennedy’s Classification with or without modifications was recorded after applying Applegate’s rules to record the patterns of partial edentulism for over a period of one year. Results: Total 1965 dental arches were examined. In which 1036 were mandibular arches and 929 were maxillary arches. The Kennedy’s classification of Class III was maximum i.e. 1055 (54%). Conclusion: Kennedy’s Class III is the most common pattern of partial edentulism. There was a statistically significant correlation between the partial edentulism with age and socioeconomic status of the patients while correlation with arch and gender was found to be non-significant. Dental caries (54.35%) was the most common cause of tooth loss. Among 1461 patients; 1251 (85.62%) were without prosthesis.Item The Studies on the Bacteria in the Oral Cavities of In-Patient Malnourished Children at Specialist Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria, Africa(Sumathi Publications, 2023-10) Osatogbe, Abiodun Jacob; Attah, D. D.; Manga, Shuabu S; Aliero, A. A.; Farouq, A. A.The study highlights the importance of food security in preventing malnutrition, particularly in fragile nations and regions affected by conflicts, wars, and periodic floods. Improving food security and access to proper nutrition can have a significant impact on reducing malnutrition in children. Addressing malnutrition is crucial for improving overall health and preventing the associated short-term and long-term adverse effects. Proper oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing, is essential for maintaining a healthy oral microbiota. Inadequate oral hygiene can lead to dental and gum diseases, which can exacerbate malnutrition and affect overall health. It is essential to study the oral microbiome and its role in malnutrition since malnutrition can lead to severe illnesses and even death in children. The study acknowledges that malnutrition is a multifaceted problem influenced by various factors, including infections and antibiotic use that can alter the intestines' microbiota composition and affect nutrient absorption. The study aims to understand the oral microbial profiles of malnourished children in the area and their potential impact on health. Malnutrition is a significant public health issue in Nigeria, particularly in the northern region, and this research could provide insights into the association between oral health and malnutrition in children.Item Ureterocolic Fistulas a Complication of Colonic Diverticular Disease: Case Report and Literature Review(Sumathi Publications, 2023-09) Bacha, Rose AL; Tohme, Cyril; Rached, Antoine AbouIntroduction: Ureterocolic fistulas are rare, with few cases reported in the literature. Fistula formation as a complication of acute diverticulitis usually occurs in 14% of cases. In a review of the literature, twelve cases of ureterocolic fistulae were described, with the left ureter most frequently affected due to its proximal location to the sigmoid. Patients may present with fecaluria, pneumaturia, and a chronic or recurrent urinary tract infection that can delay the diagnosis. Case Presentation: We present a case of a 56-year-old male patient with recurrent urinary tract infections and no prior history of diverticulitis. An abdominopelvic CT scan showed a colo-right ureteral fistula responsible for pelvicaliceal dilation of the right ureter. The patient underwent elective partial colectomy with colorectal anastomosis and a protective ileostomy, along with JJ insertion of the left ureter after finding an inflammatory mass involving the sigmoid and left ureter. Histopathology confirmed sigmoid diverticulitis and negative reactive lymph nodes.Item Comparison of Two Effective Advance Physiotherapy Intervention Protocol in Unilateral Knee Osteoarthritis(Sumathi Publications, 2023-10) Yadav, Ajeet Kumar; Shukla, NidhiOsteoarthritis (OA), one of the top five most incapacitating conditions that affects more than one third of those over 65, is a degenerative joint disease characterised by joint inflammation and a reparative bone response. OA is a complete joint disease that affects joint ligaments, cartilage, menisci, and muscles that are connected to the joints due to various pathophysiological processes. It is essential to develop a treatment plan that take into account the physiology of degenerative joint disease, but it should also take into account the demands of the various age groups and populations.The multi structural physical, physiological and functional deficits caused by the disease call for the development of physiotherapy. The current study's goal is to assess the effectiveness of progressive resistance exercises, passive stretching exercises, soft tissue manipulation (MET), Maitland mobilisation, aerobic exercises, Tai chi, strength training, balneotherapy and aquatic therapy that are planned, therapist supervised and patient educated.A convenience sample size of 100 was used for the initial investigation. The samples were divided into two study groups at random. BATS were the first interventional group, while PEPSMAN was the second. The interventional group's treatment plan included a physiotherapy routine that was monitored by a therapist.The visual analogue scale, the modified WOMAC scale, the time up and go test, the functional reach test, the 40 meter fast paced walk test, the stair climbing test and the 30 second chair stand test were the outcome variables examined.The majority of analysed end measures showed a significant improvement in the PEPSMAN interventional groups and as a result, the planned supervised physiotherapy protocol was determined to be effective in treating the many physiological deficits linked to the whole joint illness.Anemia is a major public health problem affecting both the developed as well as the developing countries. According to World Health Organization (WHO), prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women is 56% in the developing world. India has the highest prevalence of anaemia and 20% of total maternal deaths are due to anemia. According to NFHS-5 data the prevalence of anemia in rural area of Bihar is 63.9%.Item A Study on Lumbar Degenerative Disorders and its Correlation with Various Comorbid Factors(Sumathi Publications, 2023-09) Sujatha, G. Bhavani; Raghunath, Guna Priya; Rani, V. SubhashiniIntroduction: Disc degenerative disorders are the leading cause for the Lower Back Pain (LBP) throughout the globe. The data on LBP is limited. A study was conducted to find the correlation between age, socio-demographic and occupational factors with. Methods: It was a prospective research conducted in the department of Anatomy, GSL Medical College, and Rajahmundry. Study was conducted between December 2021 to January 2023. Individuals >18 years, both gender with LBP attended on outpatient basis were included. The socio-demographic data of the participants was recorded as per the Modified Kuppuswamy scale, Body Mass Index (BMI) was also estimated by entering height and weight in the National Institute of Health. Type of work, way of sitting posture, duration of continuous sitting, job related stress, requirement of outdoor activity for the job, junk food eating habits, frequency were also be recorded. Data was presented by mean for continuous variables and percentage for categorical data. Logistic Regression Analysis (LRA) was applied and P<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: Total 412 members were included, male female ratio was 1.2. Maximum (18.5%) participants were in >68, lowest (13.9%) in 48 years-57 years group. LRA did not show any association between LBP and age (OR=0.923, 95% CI: 1.2 -2.9, P=0.62). Maximum (35.7%; 150) number with LBP was detected in obesity group. The mean weight of the study members was 56.2 kgs; LRA did not show any association between BMI and LBP (OR=0.968, 95% CI: 2.1-3.6, P=0.820). There was significant association between socioeconomic status and LBP (OR=0.986, 95% CI: 0.931-1.124, P=0.0423). Based on the continuous sitting time, LBP is high (54.4%) among those sit continuously for >8 hours. Conclusion: LBP is common in all age groups and socio-economical groups. Continuous sitting for long time, obesity are important risk factors. LBP affects the quality of life, but not analysed in this research. Long term community based research with high sample size is recommended.Item Estimation of Cardiac Doses during Breast Cancer Radiotherapy in Pakistan(Sumathi Publications, 2023-09) Ali, Javaid; Gul, Attia; Kakakhel, Muhammad Basim; Ahmad, Habib; Shah, Shoab; GhufranThis study aims to estimate the absorbed radiation doses to the heart during breast cancer treatment with conventional radiotherapy. The cardiac doses of eighty-three patients during breast cancer radiotherapy were estimated, with fifty-two patients having left breast cancer and thirty-one having right breast cancer. For left breast cancer patients, a Treatment Planning System (TPS) was used to estimate the percentage volume of the heart receiving 20 Gy (V20%), 25 Gy (V25%), 30 Gy V30%), and 40 Gy (V40%). The Maximum Heart Distances (MHD) within the radiation field for left breast cancer patient sand the Minimum Distance of Heart from the Posterior Border of the Radiation Field (MDHF) for right breast cancer patients were measured. Through TPS, the mean dose to the 5% and 10% heart volumes, the lowest dose (Dmin), the maximum dose (Dmax), and the average dose (Davg) of the heart for all patients with left and right breast cancer were also calculated. For patients with left breast cancer, higher mean values of V20 (%), V25 (%), V30 (%), and V40 (%) were estimated and a direct correlation between MHD and Davg was observed. The relationship between MDHF and Davg in patients with right breast cancer was observed to be linear but with a negative slope. Patients undergoing radiotherapy for left breast cancer receive higher doses and are therefore recommended for assessment of cardiac complications during follow-ups.Item Barriers to the Adoption of Infection Prevention Control (IPC) Guidelines among Health Care Workers at Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital (SGTH), SWAT - A Cross Sectional Study(Sumathi Publications, 2023-09) Rahman, Shafiq Ur; Hayat, Safiullah; Ahmad, Atizaz; Ali, Namish MaqsoodBackground: The adoption of infection prevention and control guidelines is crucial for the safety of healthcare workers and patients. However, healthcare workers often face several barriers in implementing these guidelines, such as lack of knowledge, inadequate training, limited resources, cultural and language differences, and attitudes and beliefs. These barriers can negatively impact the implementation of effective infection prevention and control measures, leading to increased healthcare-associated infections. It is imperative to identify and address these barriers to promote the adoption of infection prevention and control guidelines in healthcare settings. Methods: We conduct a descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample size of 228 in Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital (SGTH) of Swat, Pakistan, from October 2022 to November 2022 to assess the barriers to healthcare workers in adopting IPC guidelines. Data were collected through a self-structured questionnaire on socio-demographics, hand hygiene practices, use of PPE, NSI reporting, disinfection of injection sites and waste disposal. Non-probability consecutive sampling was used to select participants. Results: According to the study, the main barriers to healthcare workers not adopting IPC guidelines were a lack of formal training in IPC (66.7%), lack of time and increased workload (6.1%), lack of availability of PPE (21.1%), lack of interest (5.3%), discomfort with PPE (1.8%), lack of knowledge on proper disposal of used needles (74.1%), lack of disinfectants (10.5%), and lack of spill kits in wards/labs (45.2%). Additionally, a significant proportion of healthcare workers did not report needle stick injuries (20.2%) and did not take post-exposure prophylaxis (77.6%). Conclusion and Recommendations: The study findings indicate that a significant proportion of healthcare workers lack formal training in Infection Prevention and Control (IPC), and there are gaps in practices related to hand hygiene, proper use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), needle stick injury reporting, post-exposure prophylaxis, proper disposal of used needles, surface disinfection, and blood spill management. The study suggests the need for increased IPC training for healthcare workers, improved availability and accessibility of PPE, implementation of a robust needle stick injury reporting system, promotion of postexposure prophylaxis utilization, enhanced education on proper disposal of used needles, ensuring adequate disinfection of surfaces, provision of spill kits in wards/labs, and comprehensive training in hospital waste management program for healthcare workersItem Identification of Microorganisms Causing Neonatal Sepsis and their Antibiotic Susceptibility(Sumathi Publications, 2023-02) Alzahrani, Hind A.; Ismail, Khadfga Ahmed; Shbat, Manhal; AlGhathami, Maaid; Saber, Taisir; Khalifa, Osama Mahmoud; Al-Malik, Amani; Alqarni, Rawan; Alsufyani, Ghala; Johari, Fida; Bakhuraysah, Maha M.; Alrehaili, Amani A.; Alhuthali, Hayaa M.Background: Neonatal Sepsis (NS) is the existence of microorganisms that cause hemodynamic changes and other clinical effects, as well as severe morbidity and mortality, it is caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Objectives: Identification of microorganisms causing NS and their antibiotic susceptibility in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit in King Faisal Medical Complex, Taif, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: Prospective crosssectional study was conducted to detect NS during the period from January to August 2021. The blood samples were collected and submitted to different investigations including blood culture, CBC, and determination of inflammatory markers such as CRP. Results: This study included 110 NS cases, EOS observed in 14 (12.7%), and LOS occurred in 96 (87.3%), the male was 62 (56.3%), female 40 (36.3%) and unknown gender 8 (7.2%), the blood culture technique showed that the most commonly detected microorganisms were CoNS 28 (25.5%) E. coli 26 (23.6%) and K. pneumoniae 22 (20.0%), in addition, the antibiotic susceptibility of isolated strains showed that the Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole was found to be the highest sensitive antibiotic by (83.6%), while Ampicillin was the highest resistant antibiotic by (78.1%). Conclusion: NS is a public health problem so, it is recommended that healthcare organizations design a preventive program to prevent NS specially LOS.Item Anemia among Pregnant Women in a Rural Area of Katihar District, Bihar(Sumathi Publications, 2023-09) Pandey, Arun KumarAnemia is a major public health problem affecting both the developed as well as the developing countries. According to World Health Organization, prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women is 56% in the developing world. India has the highest prevalence of anaemia and 20% of total maternal deaths are due to anemia. According to NFHS-5 data the prevalence of anemia in rural area of Bihar is 63.9%.Objectives: To study the prevalence of anaemia in rural pregnant women. To study the factors associated with anemia.Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out among 217 pregnant women registered at our rural health training centre. All these pregnant mothers gave informed consent to participate in the study. A structured interview schedule was administered and hemoglobin levels were recorded from their mother child protection card. A mean hemoglobin value was calculated and anaemia was defined as a hemoglobin level <11 g/dl as per WHO classification.Results: The prevalence of anemia was 81.57% among the pregnant females in this region of rural India. Out of these 42.20% had mild anemia, 38.25% had moderate anemia and 0.92% had severe anemia according to WHO classification of anemia.Conclusion: High prevalence of anemia among pregnant women indicates anemia to be a major public health problem in the rural community and indicates strict implementation of national nutrition anemia prophylaxis programme.Item An Overview and Insights of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Infertility(Sumathi Publications, 2023-08) Prabu, Lisy15% of couples struggle with infertility. A thorough medical history must be taken before conducting a physical, gynecological, and endocrine examination on a female patient with infertility. Several tests, including those assessing ovarian function and reserve, searching for uterine anomalies, and measuring tubal permeability, will be used to identify the causes of infertility. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent gynecological-endocrine condition that affects 7% to 15% of women of reproductive age and is the main cause of infertility. The effectiveness of behavioral, medicinal, and surgical therapies to increase fertility in women with PCOS has been studied. It is crucial to make lifestyle changes (quit smoking, start exercising, and, if required, lose weight). In the absence of additional female or male factors contributing to infertility, clomiphene citrate remains the first line of medical therapy for women with PCOS. Metformin should not be used solely to treat infertility unless a metabolic disorder is present, along with novel medications like myoinositol. When medical therapy fails, surgical procedures designed to increase ovulation and pregnancy rates are an option. In the management of infertility, ovarian drilling through laparoscopy or transvaginal hydro-laparoscopy is becoming more common. For PCOS, In vitro maturation and conception still stand as the third line of defense.Item Pantoprazole Induced Black Hairy Tongue: A Case Report(Sumathi Publications, 2023-08) Krishnan, Divya G; Daud, Shaikh Ubedulla Shaikh Iqbal; AnukeshVasuKeloth; P, NeethuIntroduction: Black Hairy Tongue (BHT) is characterized by abnormally hypertrophied and elongated filiform papillae, resulting in a blackish discoloration on the dorsal surface of the tongue. BHT has been reported as an adverse drug reaction to various categories of drugs. Nevertheless, cases of Pantoprazole-induced BHT have been rarely reported. Case Description: We present a case involving a 42-year-old female who was admitted to the Surgery ward due to postoperative wound infection. She had been prescribed oral Clarithromycin and Pantoprazole. On the third day of initiating these medications, she reported experiencing a blackish discoloration on the dorsal surface of her tongue along with a change in her sense of taste. Clinical and microscopic examinations led to a diagnosis of Black Hairy Tongue (BHT). There was a suspicion that BHT might be an adverse drug reaction specifically to Pantoprazole. Consequently, the administration of Pantoprazole was ceased, while Clarithromycin continued for the full prescribed course. The patient received guidance to scrape her tongue thrice daily, maintain proper hydration, and adhere to good oral hygiene practices. By the third day following the discontinuation of Pantoprazole, the black discoloration and taste alterations had completely resolved. Causality assessment using the WHO-UMC (World Health Organization - Uppsala Monitoring Centre) scale indicated a 'probable' association between the adverse drug reaction and Pantoprazole. Conclusion: Physicians need to be vigilant about the potential occurrence of Black Hairy Tongue (BHT) in patients using Pantoprazole, and they should recognize that discontinuing the medication, coupled with mechanical debridement and maintaining proper oral hygiene, leads to complete resolution of the condition.Item The Study on Knowledge, Screening, and Associated Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer among Women in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India(Sumathi Publications, 2023-09) Yadav, Sanjeev Kumar; Bajpai, Anubha; Kumari, Rinki; Dubey, GPCervical cancer is a prevalent condition affecting women in India, yet only a mere 3% undergo regular screenings. Late-stage diagnoses often result in unfavorable outcomes, underscoring the importance of early detection through screening. Women's inclination to seek cervical cancer screening is influenced by their awareness and attitudes towards the disease. Community health workers play a vital role in motivating women to partake in screening, as outlined in India's cancer screening implementation strategy. This study sought to evaluate women's knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer and screening in Eastern Uttar Pradesh. A descriptive cross-sectional study assessed the socio-demographic profile, Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of community health workers regarding cervical cancer and screening. Scoring was employed to gauge awareness and attitudes towards cervical cancer screening. Descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, frequency, and proportion, were used for data analysis. The Chi-square test determined the factors influencing knowledge and screening practices (p<0.05). Results indicated that despite possessing adequate knowledge and perception of cervical cancer and screening, less than 10% of participants had undergone screening. Notably, a significant association was observed between knowledge level and screening practice. The study concluded that bridging the gap between perception and practice necessitates the implementation of educational programs and active participation in screening campaigns. In summary, enhancing awareness and cultivating positive attitudes towards cervical cancer screening among women in Eastern Uttar Pradesh are pivotal for early detection and improved prognosis. Community health workers hold a crucial role in motivating women, and the introduction of educational initiatives is vital to bridge the disparity between perception and practice in cervical cancer screening.Item Differentiation of Breast Cancer Immunohistochemical Status Using Digital Mammography Radiomics Features(Sumathi Publications, 2023-08) Bonou, Malomon Aimé; Azouz, Zouhour Ben; Nawres, Khlifa; Allodji, Rodrigue Sètchéou; Dossou, JulienPurpose: Discriminating breast cancer Hormonal Receptor (HR), human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her2) and Triple Negative (TN) status using mammography radiomic features. Materials and Methods: We used an open-source database enrolling 71 patients with confirmed breast cancer. It includes bilateral mammograms Craniocaudal (CC) and Mediolateral Oblique (MLO) as well as the breast cancer molecular status such as HR, Her2 and TN. We extracted a set of 486 quantitative descriptors from the original and the wavelets of the CC and the MLO mammograms. Using the training set (ntrain=48), we performed the features selection following two steps: (i) first, univariable feature selection had been implemented with correlation statistical test to eliminate redundancy between mammogram features. (ii) In second part, we used Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) method in 10-folds Cross-Validation repeated 10 times. Also, we applied the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique to tackle the issue of imbalanced classes. After that, we carried out three binary molecular classification (HR vs non-HR, Her2 vs non-Her2, TN vs non-TN) using Logistic Regression. These classifications were performed using respectively CC and MLO features individually and in two combinations: sum “CC+MLO” and concatenation “CC and MLO”. After the validation step (ntest=17), Accuracy and Under Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) were adopted to assess the proposed model performance. Results: Accuracies and AUCs recorded for three molecular classes in validation step were respectively ranging from 0.69/0.75 to 0.88/0.90, 0.52/0.53 to 0.64/0.63 and 0.70/0.70 to 0.79/0.77 for Her2, HR, TN. The best performances achieved for HR and Her2 classification were CC image features and “CC and MLO” features for TN. There is a strong representation of wavelets features based in the features selected. Conclusion: Our results suggest that mammographic quantitative features especially wavelet-based could be used to differentiate the breast cancer molecular subtypeItem A Demographic Analysis of Attitude and Perception of Indians towards Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination(Sumathi Publications, 2023-09) Gupta, Vijay Prakash; Arora, Amit KumarCOVID-19 is one of the biggest pandemic spread all over the world. It was a very severe issue because of the nonavailability of vaccine to control or protect from it, due to which nations across the globe were facing too many problems to control the corona disease. Finally, vaccines were developed against this disease. The researchers have tried to explore the demographic information of the Delhi-NCR region of India and put an effort to examine the attitudes and perceptions of individuals towards COVID-19 vaccinations. After analysis, researchers found that the majority of the respondents are ready to take the vaccine and trust level on the vaccination is good in males and females i.e., 6 out of a scale of 10. Gender and age were found to be significant factors for the vaccination. Whereas, educational level and residential area were found to be non-significant factors for the vaccination.Item Magnitude and Factors Associated with Scabies among Primary School Children in Goro Gutu Woreda, East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia(Sumathi Publications, 2023-08) Hassen, Malomon Yahya Kemer; Mummed, Bayan Ahmed; Ame, Mohammed Kamal Mustefa; Mohammed, Hamza; Najib, Kedir; Abdella, Abdumalik; Shafi, Ahmaddin; Abdella, Yaya; Aliyi, Ahmedyasin MohammedIntroduction: Scabies affects more than 300 million people, causing significant morbidity, particularly in nations with few resources. In Ethiopia, guidelines for handling outbreaks have been developed by the federal ministry of health. However, an investigation remains limited to some regions, and health extension workers who can miss cases do diagnosis. Objective: To determine the magnitude and factors associated with scabies among primary school children in Goro Gutu woreda, east Hararghe zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia, from October 20 to November 20, 2022. Method: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 460 primary school children in the Goro Gutu woreda from October 20 to November 20, 2022. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire and a physical examination. Dates were analyzed using Stata version 15. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were employed to identify factors associated with scabies. Finally, the statistical significance level was declared at a p value less than 0.05. Result: The overall magnitude of scabies was 11.4% [(95% CI: 8, 14)]. Lower grade level of (1-4 grade) (AOR=3.09, 95% CI (1.32, 7.25)], family of illiterate father (AOR=2.68, 95% CI (1.32, 5.44)] and not taking bath with water and soap [AOR=3.22, 95% CI (1.07, 9.66)] were factors significantly associated with scabies. Conclusion: Schoolchildren in the Goro Gutu district of eastern Ethiopia had high scabies rates based on the 2015 Ethiopian guideline for control of scabies outbreaks, which strongly correlated with children's grade level, fathers' educational status, and the frequency of taking a bath with soap and water. Improving the hygienic behavior of students in institutions and communities is recommended.Item Pulmonary Radiological Findings in COVID-19 Patients(Sumathi Publications, 2023-02) Kola, Sander; Kola, Irena; Frroku, Erinda; Abazaj, ErjonaBackground: COVID-19 is a pandemic infectious disease causing an increase in deaths. The clinical spectrum of this disease ranges from asymptomatic to mild clinical upper respiratory infection, which can progress to an acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill patients. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Computed Tomography (CT) have played important roles in diagnosing the disease. The study aimed to evaluate the damage to lungs during the COVID-19 pandemic by imagery diagnostic methods like CT and x-ray with the suggested objective that imaging plays an important role in the clinical work-up of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. Methods: This is a retrospective and observational study, including the collection and assessment of demographic, laboratory, and clinical data of patients with and without a confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19 infection by RT-PCR, who underwent chest x-ray and CT at the hospital between November 2020 to January 2021. X-ray and CT scans were viewed and analyzed by two blinded consultant radiologists, and were classified as positive or negative and also assessed the clinical severity of patients. The software SPSS version 20.0 were used for analyzing data. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statically significant. Results: Overall 225 patients, the positivity of COVID-19 by RT-PCR resulted at 85.3%. Males were the most predominant gender and patients over 61 years old appeared the higher number at 47.1%. The fever was the most frequent symptom 82.6% compared to other symptoms of COVID-19. About 36% of patients referred have sputum production 67.5% shortness of breath, and 34% pleuritic pain. The maximum of lungs involved peaked approximately 11 days from the onset of initial symptoms, p<0.03. Related to the comorbidities, 31.1% referred that they suffer from arterial hypertension. The radiological images of most of the patients resulted in ground-glass opacities and consolidations and peripherical distribution in 67.1%, 56.9%, and 60% respectively radiological investigations indicate that among the 254 patients, 51% had features on both lungs; 9% on the left lung; and 11% on the right lung. The predominantly affected lobe was the right lower lobe 67.5%. Conclusions: RT-PCR test continues to be considered the initial step for diagnosing COVID-19, even though the publications studies reported many false-negative cases for many reasons. Chest X-ray and CT remains the primary imaging modality in patients with all types of respiratory infections, especially during the different wave of COVID-19 in Albania. Moreover, a chest CT demonstrates lower respiratory tract affection. The CT findings in patients confirmed or not confirmed with COVID-19 can help to predict the course of the disease. This can help to manage the patients, and plan the resources more effectively, especially for the use of hospitalization beds in ICU wards, and also, will decrease the spread of disease by providing early time to intervene to isolate patients.Item Molecular Docking Study of Selected Bio-Active Compounds on Alzheimer's Disease using BACE-1 (Pdb ID: 5QCU) as Target Protein(Sumathi Publications, 2023-08) Chidera, Ebube S; Gulwe, Ashish B; Kayode, Awote OAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (A?) peptides in the brain. It is the most common type of dementia which begins with mild memory loss and leads to severe decline in one’s ability to hold adequate conversation and response with the environment. ?-secretase-1(BACE-1) is a key enzyme involved in the production of A? peptides, making it an attractive target for drug discovery in AD treatment. Herein, this study aimed to investigate the anti-alzheimer’s potential of selected bioactive compounds against BACE-1 protein. Molecular docking was employed using Pyrx and Biovia discovery studio software to predict potential selected bioactive antagonists and non-covalent interactions between the selected ligands, standard drugs and the target protein. BACE-1 target protein was docked with ligands namely; Tacrine, Harmine, Coumarin, Berberine, Indole, Resveratrol, Huperzine, 3-chloro-R(2),C(6)-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-3- methylpipiridin-4-one (CFMP), and the standard alzheimer’s drugs namely; Donepezil and Galantamine after which the ligand with the best binding affinity was determined. The docking result from this study revealed Resveratrol as the ligand with the best binding affinity when docked with the selected Alzheimer’s target proteins.