International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences

Permanent URI for this collection

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/151072

Editor in chief: Dr. Ghulam Subhani
ISSN: 2319-5886

Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://ijmrhs.com/

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 417

Administration of Psychoeducational Treatment Programs Improves Depression, Eating Disorders, and Associated Psychological Traits
(Sumathi Publications, 2020-02) Qadir, Shwan A.; Muhsin, Salwa Shakir
Background: Psychoeducation treatment sessions have been used to treat patients with major depressive disorder and eating disorder symptoms. These treatment sessions have also been used in patients with eating disorder and associated personality traits. Aim: This study investigated the impact of a psychoeducational intervention on personality traits of patients with both eating disorder symptoms and major depressive disorder. Methods: Fifty outpatients with diagnoses of major depressive disorder and bulimia were recruited in this study. Twenty-five patients received the psychoeducation treatment of six sessions, each of 90 minutes/week, whereas the other 25 patients did not receive the program. The Beck depression inventory (BDI), Eating disorders inventory (EDI), psychiatric and medical history information, and sociodemographic characteristics were measured in the initial assessment and again at the time of discharge from the program. Results: The psychoeducation program reduced the severity of depression and eating disorders of bulimia and body dissatisfaction in treated patients more than in control patients (p<0.0001). The program blocked further drive for thinness in treated patients in comparison to the control patients who continued to have increased drive for thinness (p=0.001). The intervention program also reduced the severity levels of psychological traits related to eating disorder named ineffectiveness, interpersonal distrust, interoceptive distrust, perfectionism, and maturity fears in treated patients when compared to control patients (p<0.001). Conclusion: Utilization of educational intervention in depressive patients with eating disorders can not only mitigate the level of depression and eating disorder symptoms but also improve the psychological traits associated with eating disorders.
Adverse Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors use Among South Asian Population Systematic Review
(Sumathi Publications, 2023-04) Ala, Samprith; Saruveish, Mogan; Elkin, Cook Daniel; Imran, Junaid; Tarboush, Bilal Abu; Muthusamy, Vinoshini
Background: This systematic review aims to identify the adverse effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) among the South Asian population.Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed and EBSCO databases following the PRISMA guidelines. The search was performed between December 2022 and February 2023 using the Population, Intervention, Control, and Outcome (PICO) framework to develop a search syntax. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established, and the search terms were used to identify relevant articles.Results: The search identified studies conducted in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Indonesia. The adverse effects of PPI use in this population included acute kidney injury, an increased risk of osteoporosis and fracture, tubulointerstitial nephritis, QT prolongation and an increased risk of torsade's de pointes, diabetic nephropathy, an increased risk of thrombosis when combined with clopidogrel, constipation, and vitamin B12 deficiency.Conclusion: The use of PPIs among the South Asian population is associated with several adverse effects, including an increased risk of serious health conditions. Clinicians should exercise caution when prescribing PPIs to this population and weigh the benefits against the potential risks. Further research is needed to better understand the adverse effects of PPI use among South Asians.
African Black Wood used as a Medicinal Purpose
(Sumathi Publications, 2023-04) Kharat, Navnath H; Gaurav, Wadurkar; Rushikesh, Salve; Tule, Sandesh D
African Blackwood (ABW) ( Dalbergia melanoxylon) mainly occurs in the coastal areas of East Africa, including in Tanzania and Mozambique and its heartwood is commonly known to be one of the most valuable materials used in the production of musical instruments. Although the heartwood is one of the most expensive timbers in the world, very low material yield has recently resulted in the significant reduction of natural individuals. This might have serious impact on local communities, because this tree is apparently the only species that can support their livelihood. Therefore, a solution to the problem is urgently needed in terms of the sustainable development.
Air Way Bacterial Colonization in COPD Patients at Stable and the Exacerbated States
(Sumathi Publications, 2019-01) Abdelraheem, Wedad M.; Mohamed, Ebtisam S.; Abdelghany, Elham A.; Emam, Rasha M.; Mohamed, Manar S.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and load of airway bacteria in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and to detect the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolated strains. Methods: The current study included 50 COPD patients. Paired sputum samples were taken from all patients, one at the exacerbation state and the other at the stable state. Identification of bacterial species was done using standard microbiological techniques and PCR. Results: There were 41 samples out of 50 (82%) positive for bacteria at exacerbation compared with 12 samples out of 50 (24%) positive for bacteria (either by culture or PCR or both) at stable state samples (p=0.001). The most commonly detected species was H. influenza and S. pneumoniae. There were a total of 27 bacterial species detected by PCR not detected by culture and only 4 bacterial species detected by culture not detected by PCR (p=0.001). Isolated strains show a high resistance pattern to the tested antibiotics and multi drug resistant strains were detected. Conclusions: This study has shown that airway bacterial prevalence and load increase at COPD exacerbations, and there is a significant relationship between lower airway bacterial colonization and COPD.
An Analysis of the Presentations of Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis Amidst the COVID Pandemic: A Case Series Report
(Sumathi Publications, 2023-03) Shah, Kintu S; Bhatt, Jineel B; Rawal, Reema M; Dohadwala, Zainab S; Shah, Shailjaa N; Patel, Kinjal G
Mucormycosis infection is caused by a group of filamentous molds belonging to the order Mucorales. Source of infection maybe inhalation of spores, contaminated food or inoculation into cut skin or open wounds. In developed countries, mucormycosis occurs primarily in severely immunocompromised hosts (e.g. those with hematological malignancies, organ transplantation, neutropenia, autoimmune disorders or other impairments in immunity). More than 100 cases of mucormycosis in people with COVID-19 have been reported, of which 4 of 5 cases were from India and others from the rest of the world. COVID-19 being an immunocompromising condition and steroids being an important part of therapy led to increasing number of cases of rhino-orbital mucormycosis. Our aim is study ocular presentation of the disease amidst COVID-19 peak.Materials and methods: COVID-19 patients (primary and referral) of rhino-orbital mucormycosis reaching a tertiary health care institute of Ahmedabad were diagnosed via clinical microbiological and radiological tests and evaluated. Vision, ocular movements and slit lamp bio-microscopy of conscious ambulatory patients, bed side examination of critical patients and detailed retinal evaluation of all the patients was done. Systemic comorbidities were noted and diabetic profile was done.Results and conclusions: Following findings were noted: Lid edema (n=30, 100%), profound vision loss (n=21, 73.33%), ophthalmoplegia (n=26, 86.67%), arterial occlusion (n=16, 60%), Ptosis (n=16, 60%), chemosis (=16, 60%), proptosis (n=16, 60%), Congestion (n=9, 33.33%). Thus, these are the signs to look out for in patients admitted for COVID-19 disease.
Anemia among Pregnant Women in a Rural Area of Katihar District, Bihar
(Sumathi Publications, 2023-09) Pandey, Arun Kumar
Anemia is a major public health problem affecting both the developed as well as the developing countries. According to World Health Organization, prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women is 56% in the developing world. India has the highest prevalence of anaemia and 20% of total maternal deaths are due to anemia. According to NFHS-5 data the prevalence of anemia in rural area of Bihar is 63.9%.Objectives: To study the prevalence of anaemia in rural pregnant women. To study the factors associated with anemia.Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out among 217 pregnant women registered at our rural health training centre. All these pregnant mothers gave informed consent to participate in the study. A structured interview schedule was administered and hemoglobin levels were recorded from their mother child protection card. A mean hemoglobin value was calculated and anaemia was defined as a hemoglobin level <11 g/dl as per WHO classification.Results: The prevalence of anemia was 81.57% among the pregnant females in this region of rural India. Out of these 42.20% had mild anemia, 38.25% had moderate anemia and 0.92% had severe anemia according to WHO classification of anemia.Conclusion: High prevalence of anemia among pregnant women indicates anemia to be a major public health problem in the rural community and indicates strict implementation of national nutrition anemia prophylaxis programme.
Anthropometric Study of the Canthal Parameters among the Hausa and Yoruba Ethnic Groups in Nigeria
(Sumathi Publications, 2023-05) Ehizokhale, Ehebha Santos; Godswill, Okoro Ogheneyebrorue; Cynthia, Nwaokoro Isioma; Ernest, Enemodia Oghenekevwe
Canthal measures, which differ between and among individuals, are crucial tools for anthropologists of the skulland face, surgical reconstructive specialists and clinical geneticists. The purpose of this study is to determine how canthal measurements differ between members of two distinct ethnic groups in Nigeria. Between the ages of 18 and 45, residents of the Nigerian cities of Akure and Owo who were Hausa and Yoruba were included in the study's sample. The ICD and OCD, or the inner and outer canthal distances, were both represented in millimeters. Canthal Index (CI) was calculated using the standard formula. The independent sample t-test was utilized to statistically examine the data. p-value of 0.05 were used in statistics to determine significance. The findings showed that Outer Canthal Distance (OCD) was sexually dimorphic in the Yoruba ethnic group, with men having a significantly higher mean value and Hausa males having a higher insignificant mean value than Hausa females. Males had slightly higher mean ICDs than females in both ethnic groupings. There was no statistically significant difference between the OCD and ICD scores of Yoruba males and females compared to Hausa males and females despite Yoruba males and females having higher mean values. While Hausa males had greater insignificant CI values than Hausa females, Yoruba females had higher insignificant CI values overall. Yoruba and Hausa respondents' mean CI differences were statistically different.
Anti-Dumping Policy and its Effect on Indian Pharmaceutical Sector
(Sumathi Publications, 2019-08) Srivastava, Astha; Sinha, Shivangi
Trade policy regimes are changing and growing towards a protectionist attitude. Liberal trade policies might harm the trade and commerce of a country. Therefore GATT contains some measures for the member countries to impose higher protection against imports. One of these measures is known as anti-dumping. When a country sends its products to another country and sells it at less than the normal value it is known as dumping. Dumping results in harming the established market practices and anti-competitive activities. Significance Statement: The paper aims at studying anti-dumping policies prevalent in our country and how dumping is affecting the pharmaceutical sector of the country.
Anti-inflammatory Activity of Isolated Flavonoid from Sida cordifolia Leaves Extract
(Sumathi Publications, 2019-08) Padhy, Ipsa; Dash, Prajnanjali; Sahu, Ram Kumar; Saha, Gaurav
The anti-inflammatory activities of Sida cordifolia leave extract were scientifically stated. However, no report has yet been published about the active component responsible for anti-inflammatory activity of Sida cordifolia leaves extract. It was intended to isolate the flavonoids from the Sida cordifolia leaves extract and investigated its anti-inflammatory efficacy. Petroleum ether and ethanol extract were extracted out from the powdered of leaves. The phytochemical study was done for both extracts. The in vitro antioxidant activity was performed on ethanol extract on different models. The column chromatography was used for the isolation of flavonoid from ethanol extract, and further anti-inflammatory potency of the isolated compound was investigated. The phytochemical study indicates flavonoids and polyphenol were present in ethanol extract. The higher antioxidant activity was observed in ethanol extract from findings of antioxidant study. The isolated flavonoids exhibited Rf value of 0.46 on solvent ratio of chloroform: methanol (1:1), which was similar to standard quercetin. The significant anti-inflammatory activity was found for isolated flavonoid against carrageenan-induced edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma in experimental animals. The findings confirmed that the flavonoid present in the Sida cordifolia demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity.
Antimicrobial Profile of Clinical Isolates in Intensive Car e Unit at a Tertiary Care Hospital
(Sumathi Publications, 2019-02) Chidambaram, N.; Rajan, Reena; Sasikala, G.; Anandi, V.
Introduction: Intensive Care Units (ICU’s) provides a suitable environment for the proliferation and persistence of multidrug organisms. The burden of nosocomial infections among critically ill patients is much higher in developing countries. Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted to know the prevalence of bacterial pathogens from various ICU’s of a tertiary care hospital and to determine their resistance profile. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was done on 188 isolates collected over a period of 10 months from January 2018 to October 2018. The isolates were identified by the conventional biochemical method and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby bauer disc diffusion method. Results: The most common gram negative isolate obtained in this study was Klebsiella spp. About 90/188 (47.87%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 22/188 (11.70%), Acinetobacter spp. 21/188 (11.17%), and E. coli 20/188 (10.64%). The predominant gram positive cocci isolated were Enterococcus spp. 9/188 (4.79%). All gram negative bacilli were sensitive to Imipenem. About 23.33% of Klebsiella isolates were resistant to Piperacillin tazobactam and 18.89% to Cefoperazone sulbactam. The most effective drugs against gram negative bacilli were Imipenem, Piperacillin tazobactam, and Cefoperazone sulbactam. Conclusion: This study showed the prevalence of multidrug resistant Klebsiella spp. from various ICU’s. These isolates were resistant to third generation cephalosporins, quinolones, and aminoglycosides and were sensitive to carbapenems. Among the non-fermenting gram negative bacilli, the resistant rates were higher for Acinetobacter isolates compared to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Assess the Child-Parent Relationship among Working Mother and Non-working Mother in Selected Community, Bhubaneswar
(Sumathi Publications, 2023-09) Kshirabdhi, Tanaya; Giri, Sakuntala; Mishra, Meghna; Moharana, Subhashree
Introduction: There are two kinds of mothers who are working outside home; working mother or who are non-working mother (Housewives). Most of the working mothers gave the time to her child may not quantitative but that time may really qualitative. And in case of non-working mothers, they do their domestic work and not only they look after their children but also they take care of all family members. Methods: A non-experimental comparative study was conducted among working mothers and non-working mothers in Baramunda urban community with certain objectives. 1. To evaluate the child-parent relationship among working and non-working mothers. 2. To compare the child-parent relationship between working mothers and non-working mothers. 3. To find out the association between child-parent relationship among working and non-working with selected demographic variables. Total 100 numbers of samples were included in the study through non probability purposive sampling technique. Results: In analysis, study result revealed that the majority 82% of working mothers was having average level of child parent relationship and 76% of non-working mothers were having average level of child parent relationship. Result also evaluated that there was significant association between level of child- parent relationship in working mothers with type of job (?2=7.027, p=0.008), type of family (?2=5.767, p=0.016) and the significant association found between level of child-parent relationship in non-working mothers with type of family (?2=4.778, p=0.043). Discussion: In 2017, Sweta Agrawal explained in her research study that children of non-working mothers possess better social, emotional and home adjustment than children of working mothers. Conclusion: Study concluded that there is average level of child parent relationship among both working and non-working mothers.
Assessing Physician Knowledge and Attitude on Food Borne Illnesses in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
(Sumathi Publications, 2019-06) AL-Mohaithef, Mohammed; Hazazi, Ahmed; Chandramohan, Sriram; Edrees, Hanan H.
Background: Foodborne diseases are considered to be one of the emerging public health issues in the entire world. Poor standard of living is one of the main risk factors for the foodborne illness. The cases of foodborne diseases increase as a result of new emerging pathogens. It is evident that good knowledge of physicians helps in good diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of public and private primary health care physicians and its association. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the selected public and private primary health care centers in the city of Abha located in the southwestern region of Asir in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from October 2017 to March 2018. A total of 84 public and private healthcare centers were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was developed by using the existing literature. Results: Total of 125 physicians from both public and private primary health care centers participated in this study. No significant difference was found between the physicians operating in private and public primary health care centers in terms of knowledge and attitude. Results indicate that knowledge varies according to age, gender and years of experience. Conclusion: The knowledge and attitude of both public and private primary health care physicians are adequate but still there is a necessity to conduct training programs in a regular interval for enhancing the knowledge about the foodborne illness among physicians.
Assessing the Need of an Integrated Research Assistance Program towards Aiding Students in the Progress of Medical Research during Undergraduate Studies, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
(Sumathi Publications, 2020-08) Alreefi, Mohammed; Alahmed, Salman; Elyahya, Fahad; Khoshaim, Abdulaziz; Hjji, Faris; Alhomaidan, Faisal
Aim: To assess the need of medical students for a research assistance program. Design and methods: This study was conducted at a medical college in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing an online questionnaire consisting of three parts: student demographics, students’ research proficiency, and problems faced when conducting research. Analysis: Data from the collected information was analyzed and all values of p<0.05, 95% confidence intervals for odds ratio that did not cross 1.00 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Students who participated in this study were 228 (response rate=57%). 60.5% (n=138) were male, and 28% (n=64) were in their first year of medicine. The majority were working on at least one to two researches, 81.1% (n=185), with 5.3% (n=12) having a study published. 83% of participants reported to be skillful at data collection and data entry. Devising a research idea was measures most difficult (49%). More female students were able to write a research proposal (n=57; 63.3%. p=0.022), and seniors were more capable in research than freshmen (p<0.001). Conclusion: Results demonstrated that students are active and well acquainted with research activities; 81.1% (n=185). In order to enhance research performance, we recommend offering the opportunity to share efforts with senior students or professionals to be appraised, be provided with information regarding supervisors’ research interests, and creating online platforms for improved knowledge transfer and communication between the parties involved.
Assessing the Period between Diagnosis of Breast Cancer and Surgical Treatment among Mastectomized Female Patients in Iraq
(Sumathi Publications, 2019-01) Alwan, Nada A. S.; Tawfeeq, Furat N; Sattar, Safana A.; Yihya, Furat
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the major cause of cancer related deaths among Iraqi women. Due to the relatively late detection of breast cancer, the majority of the patients are still treated by modified radicle mastectomy. Aim: To assess the time lag between diagnosis of breast cancer and mastectomy among Iraqi patients; correlating the findings with other clinicopathological characteristics of the disease. Patients and methods: This retrospective study enrolled 226 Iraqi female patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer. Data were registered on the exact time period between signing the histopathological report and the surgical treatment. Other recorded variables included the age of the patients, their level of education, number of parity, age at first child birth, family history and the stage at breast cancer presentation. Results: In general, 51% of the patients were under the age of 50 years, 93.8% were married, 10.6% were illiterate, only 1.8% were nulliparous while positive family history of cancer was noted in 25.6%. Overall 67.7%, 87.6%, and 92% underwent mastectomy during the first month, two months and three months after diagnosis respectively. Only 3.1% were operated upon after one year. With the exception of the age at first childbirth, there was no significant correlation between the waiting times to surgery and the patients’ age, education, number of parity, family history and the stage at breast cancer detection. Conclusions: The percentage of the patients who had surgical treatment during the first month following diagnosis seems rather satisfactory when compared to the corresponding findings reported in similar surveys from developing and some developed countries. Strengthening public education and adopting multimodality evidenced-based management protocols are crucial steps to control the waiting times among those who have delayed mastectomies.
Assessment and Utilization of a Pharmacist-Assisted Drug and Poison Information Centre in Pakistan
(Sumathi Publications, 2019-04) Batool, Madiha; Muzzamil, Umaimah; Qureshi, Ruqaiya
Objective: To evaluate the utilization of the pharmacist-operated Drug and Poison Information Center (DPIC) services in Pakistan. Methods: All queries from 2015-2017 were retrieved from PharmAssist DPIC database and were retrospectively analyzed. The variables obtained for analysis were call types (drug or poison), type of callers, type of drug queries, and type of poison queries. Results: A total of 2209 queries were analyzed. The highest queries in the year 2015, 2016 and 2017 came from general public as 44.0%, 56.3%, and 80.6%, followed by consultants as 11.4%, 7.3%, 4.4%, general physicians as 7.20%, 3.40%, and 3.85%. Students and interns show least usage with students 2.20%, 2.30%, 0.29% and interns 0.27%, 0.23%, 0.09% in the year 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively. The most frequent queries received at PharmAssist DPIC were related to miscellaneous queries (14.7%), indications (13.6%), strength (13.4%) and drug availability (12.1%). The majority of poison calls were for ingestion (80.3%), followed by animal bite (6.6%), dermal contact (5.5%), injection (2.2%) and inhalation (2.2%). Conclusion: It was concluded that as the awareness of our service enhanced, the utilization also increased. In order to have enhanced usage of the service, more frequent awareness activities need to be performed to have improved patient care.
Assessment of Community-Based Home Health Programs among Children with Chronic Disease in Tertiary Care Center, Riyadh
(Sumathi Publications, 2019-11) Almutairi, Seba; Albassri, Tala; Masud, Nazish; Said, Feryal; Aljohani, Ibrahim; Bawazeer, Manal
Background: Home health care (HHC) is a newly developed model of care that helps patients to be treated at their home and avoid hospital admission with the aim of promoting, maintaining or restoring health as part of their comprehensive services. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of HHC in reducing the days of admissions and ED visits for children with chronic diseases. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study held at a tertiary care center. Consecutive sampling technique was used to review all patients’ files registered for HHC program from 2016 to 2018. Continuous variables were reported as mean and standard deviation, whereas categorical were reported as percentages and frequencies. Wilcoxon rank test was used to assess differences before and after enrolment in the HHC program. SPSS V22.0 was used for analysis. Results: A total of 92 patients were involved in this study; 57% were males and 44% were females. 42% of them had neurodevelopmental diseases. Among all the services provided, nursing care was the most needed service. The total number of days of admission was reduced from 28 ± 0.6 to 6.75 ± 0.39 days in 4 months period and from 38.37 ± 62 to 9.02 ± 14 days in 6 months period with p-value<0.001. However, the ED visits were not affected by the p-value of 0.19 and 0.33 for both 4 months and 6 months period, respectively. Conclusion: HHC program showed an effective result in reducing the frequency of hospital admission and days of children’s admission, yet it had no effect on lowering the ED visits.
Assessment of Computer Vision Syndrome in Software Professionals
(Sumathi Publications, 2020-06) Iyer, Swati; Kharche, Jayshree S
Background: According to National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, computer vision syndrome affects 90% people who spend more than 3 hours a day on the computer. It is a group of eye and vision related problems. It is a temporary condition resulting from focusing the eyes on a computer display for prolonged, uninterrupted period of time. Also different reactions of the eye and the brain to the characters on the screen cause strain. Hence, this study is planned to assess computer vision syndrome in software professionals. Objectives: To assess Computer Vision Syndrome by history and clinical examination. Material and Methods: An assessment survey was conducted in a convenient software company. A total number of 60 people in age group 28-40 years having minimum exposure of three years to computer everyday were recruited in the study. A questionnaire was developed to collect data about perceived symptoms on computer vision syndrome. Results: It was observed that 80% of subjects suffer from backache, wrist and shoulder pain. 72% subjects complained of eyestrain and 70% complained of dry and irritated eyes. 62% subjects complained of headache. More than 50% subjects gave history of watering and redness of eyes. Conclusion: Study shows that more than 50% subjects suffer from some or the other symptom of computer vision syndrome. Early detection and prevention of computer vision syndrome is necessary to prevent future complications and better health of software professionals.
An Assessment of Eating Disorder among Adolescents and Young Adults
(Sumathi Publications, 2020-03) Chaudhry, Kalsoom Akhtar; Jamil, Fatime; Batool, Tahira; Farooq, Pashma; Ayub, Aiza; Sumbal, Rida
Young males and females are highly concerned about their body image and physical appearance. They refrain themselves from eating that effect the physical and social well-being. This study aims at identifying the presence of eating disorder and to explore as well as confirm four factor solution of eating disorder among adolescents and adults. The study is conducted obtaining data from a sample of 600 adolescents and young adults studying in private and public educational institutions using EDE-Q questionnaire. Chi-square test has revealed the relationship between age and eating concern scores. Pearson correlation test suggested that age is related with global score whereas all the eating disorder scores are inter-related. No gender-wise difference between shape concern and global score is found whereas the global scores and shape concern scores are significantly different with respect to type of institution. Global score and shape concern scores are same for adolescents and young adults. Mean ranks are higher for males compared to females whereas there is significant difference among restraint scores gender-wise however shape concern, weight concern and restraint scores were significantly different in private and public institutions. Mean ranks for young adults are higher for restraint, shape concern, weight concern and eating concern scores compared to adolescents whereas the significant difference was observed between young adults and adolescents for restraint scores. EFA has identified four-factor solution for the EDE-Q subscales whereas CFA has also confirmed it. The four factor solution is weight and shape concern, fear of gaining weight, restraint and eating concern.
Assessment of Nutritional Status and its Related Factors among Female Adolescent Girls: A School based Study in Arar city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
(Sumathi Publications, 2019-02) Fatima, Waseem; Alqhatani, Nasser Salem Misfer; Ahmad, Leena Mohammad
Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess the nutritional status of adolescent girls and to investigate its association with socio-economic status, eating and physical activity pattern. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adolescent girls (15 and 19 years) and stratified random sampling technique was done in 4 schools of Arar city, KSA. Subjects were asked to fill pre-tested questionnaire about socio-economic status, dietary and physical activity pattern and their height and weight were measured and BMI (kg/m2) was calculated. SPSS version 22 (2017) was used in entering, managing survey data and to analyze the obtained data. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant for individual variables. Results: The final study sample consisted of 322 adolescent girls (response rate of 90.96%), with a mean age of 17.14 ± 1.15 years. More than one-fifth of the study population was overweight and obese, moreover, about three-fifth of the study population were of normal weight, while 19.2% were underweight. A significant relationship was observed between nutritional status with the mother’s occupation and education, family size, and a number of meals taken per day. Conclusion: Adolescent’s populations face two contrasting nutrition situations, under and over nutrition. This study will help in generating imperative data and recommendations for managing nutrition-related problems in adolescent girls in Saudi Arabia.
Assessment of Parents Knowledge about Oral Health in National Guard Primary Schools, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
(Sumathi Publications, 2019-02) Aldosari, Mohammed Nasser; Aljabali, Ibrahim; Altammami, Abdullah; Obaid, Abdulrahman; Fakih, Abdulaziz; Alshehri, Emad; Shraim, Nasser Al
Aim: Evaluation of parents’ knowledge about oral health in primary schools of the National Guard, Riyadh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in King Abdullaziz Iskan City. Parents of 257 school children, who completed a self-administrated questionnaire, were involved in this study. Results: It was revealed that there was a lack of knowledge and awareness of the importance of fluoride, regular dental visit, and plaque. In contrast, good knowledge about brushing and the relation between oral health and general health was observed. Also, a mother with a high level of education has knowledge better than mothers who have a low level. In addition, the families with higher income have more knowledge especially about fluoride and dental visits. Conclusion: Parents’ knowledge about the importance of oral health needs to be improved because children mostly gain knowledge about oral health and hygiene from their parents and then start establishing their habits. Coordinated efforts by dentists and other health professionals are required to impart dental health education about oral health and preventive care among parents.

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