Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/150192

Editor: Dr Abu Kholdun Al-Mahmood

ISSN: 2226-9231 (Print) 2078-1458 (Online)

Frequency:3 issues a year

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMS

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 448

Unusual presentation of paediatric anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
(2009-10) Irfan, M; Yusri, M M; Farveen, A B M
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare disease. Among childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma, it constitutes less than 20% of the incidence of all cases. The clinical presentation though is known to be much diversified, most of the patients will present with an enlarged palpable cervical lymphadenopaty. Other reported features include fever of unknown origin, nonspecific pain, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue and malaise. We report a case of ALK-positive ALCL in a patient who presented with submandibular abscess. After defaulted treatment, the mass became fungating externally with everted edge that mimic squamous cell carcinoma.
Bimaxillary proclination with spacing: Treatment for Esthetic Improvement.
(2009-10) Alam, M K
This paper concerns orthodontic treatment of a 20 years old Bangladeshi female with bimaxillary proclination, localized spacing in the maxillary and mandibular arch and rotations in the central incisors of the mandibular arch. Orthodontic treatment carried out with preadjusted MBT type (018 slot) fixed brackets with alignment and retroclination of the maxillary and mandibular incisors to accomplish the treatment for esthetic improvement. The esthetics and occlusion were maintained after retention.
Therapeutic Laser for Chronic Low Back Pain.
(2009-10) Suhaimi, M J; Zahra, J A T
Positive results in the treatment of low back pain with LLLT include decreased pain and improved function . LLLT has been in use and studied since the 1960s. To date, the research is still debating the effectiveness of LLLT to treat various pathological conditions A few concerns arise when examining the literature on LLLT. Many studies do not publish all their treatment parameters, which makes it difficult for the findings to be translated into clinical practice. The site of application, application method and technique, and the dosage are poorly documented. Thus, few studies meet the systemic review inclusion criteria; this limits attempts to complete meta-analyses on LLLT effectiveness. To date, very few studies have investigated the optimal wavelength, power, frequency and treatment time to obtain a therapeutic effect. Having said this, there is some evidence to suggest that LLLT decreases swelling, reduces pain and improves function. Overall the literature and research on low level laser therapy are insufficient to make conclusions on the effectiveness of laser therapy. Currently the practice of using LLLT is ahead of the evidence to support the use of the technology. This is common for most modalities used in physiotherapy and eventually the research catches up to clinical usage. Some studies may convince the therapist to use LLLT for conditions involving inflammation and for providing pain relief.
Feeding pattern of children under two years in some selected villages.
(2009-10) Kamruzzaman, M K; Kamrun, N; Hamudur, R; Salam, M A; ASM, Mortoza; Jannatul, F
Objective: The present study was aimed to find out the feeding pattern of children less than two years of age in rural areas. Methodology: The study area consisting of three villages of Muradnagar Upazila under the district of Comilla. Families having children under-two years of age were included in the study. A total number of 54 families finally entered in the study. Respondents were interviewed using structured questionnaire regarding initiation of breast feeding of the new born, their breast feeding pattern and weaning of the children. Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents were recorded. Data were presented as number and percentage. Results: Out of the 54 respondents 52 (96.3%) were mothers and 2 (3.7%) fathers. Of the total 50 (92.6%) respondents was housewife. Among 54 respondents 36 (66.7%) were in the age group of 18 to 25 years. Thirteen (24.1%) respondents were illiterate and among the rest 27 (50%) had primary level and 2 (3.7%) had bachelor level of education. Twenty six (48.1%) respondents said newborns were given breast milk first and rest 28 (51.9%) mentioned about giving of honey, cow’s milk and sweet water made of sugar or sugar product. Twelve (22.2%) mothers started breast feeding within 15 minutes after birth, 28 (51.9%) after 1 hour or more. Twenty one 21 (38.9%) had given exclusive breast feeding to the children for six months and 33 (61.1%) given additional stuff during that time. Thirty (55.6%) mothers started weaning before reaching 6 months of age, 13 (24.0%) between 6 months to 12 months and 1 (1.9%) started after 12 months. Commonly used weaning foods were rice, shuzi, khichuri, cow’s milk, infant formula, fish, egg, meat, honey, vegetables and fruits especially banana. Conclusion: The data suggest wide range of variability still exists in allowing colostrums to the newborn, breast feeding itself and also weaning practice.
Status of knowledge and practice about complete tetanus toxoid immunization of unmarried female students of a public university in Dhaka.
(2009-10) Tanjida, S; Ariful, Huq S M; Sudhira, B; Nahid, S
Objective: The present study was undertaken to assess the level of knowledge and practice about tetanus toxoid immunization of a group students from a public university. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional survey was carried out on 113 female students randomly selected from Dhaka University. The interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 19.7±1.2 years (mean±SD). About 90% of the respondents knew about tetanus. Regarding age groups prone to develop tetanus, 49% respondents told ‘children <1 year’, 26.5% ‘neonate’, 14.7% ‘children of 1-5 years’, 3.9% ‘children of 6-12 years’, 5.8% ‘women of 15 years and above’. Respondents showed lack of knowledge about the target group for TT vaccination. None has mentioned about the necessity of TT immunization before the start of reproductive life. Regarding number of dose for complete vaccination 60% respondents mentioned ‘five’, 10.9% ‘three’ and 4.9% ‘two’. Twenty two percent (22.1%) of the respondents did not know. Over one-third (34.5%) of the respondents was found to be completely immunized, 24.8% on schedule, 17.7% incompletely immunized and 23% was not at all immunized. Respondents’ source of knowledge about TT immunization was TV in 35% cases followed by health workers 24%, newspaper 16%, radio and other sources 25%. Among the nonvaccinated group 50% respondents told of their unawareness about need for vaccination against tetanus before the start of their reproductive life, 15.4% told about lack of information regarding of place and time of vaccination and 19.6% complained about inconvenience schedule and place of vaccination. Conclusions: More than two-thirds of the respondents had knowledge about tetanus toxoid immunization before the start of their reproductive life but only half of them were completely vaccinated. Mass media found to be the main source of information. So planners and policy-makers should utilize mass medium and gear up the activities of health workers to convey the correct massages regarding tetanus toxoid immunization to its clients.
Role of antibiotics in periodontal therapy.
(2009-10) Manas, D; Srinivas, S R; Jithendra, K D
Loeshe in 1976 propounded the ‘Specific Plaque Hypothesis’ and efforts have been done since, to formulate a periodontal treatment regimen based on targeting of specific microorganisms. Antibiotics have gained importance as an arsenal in the treatment of periodontitis. This review takes a concise view on the role of antibiotics in periodontics. This review puts importance of antibiotics in a nutshell as a quick reference for the general practitioners in treating periodontal diseases. The selection and indication for the use of antibiotics is given with a note on resistance
The novel influenza a ( H1N1) infection in infants and children.
(2009-10) Musa, Mohd Nordin
Infratemporal fossa neurofibroma presenting as a parotid mass.
(2009-06) Irfan, M; Halim, S A; Khir, A M
Majority of the tumour of parotid gland is benign in nature. Neurogenic origin of tumor is a rare entity. If it occurs, the tumour usually arises from the main trunk. A well encapsulated mass originated deep to the deep lobe of parotid may manifest itself like a typical pleomorphic adenoma. We reported a case of middle-aged man with infratemporal neurofibroma presenting with asymptomatic parotid mass.
Noonan’s Syndrome of a 25 years old female.
(2009-06) Haque, M S; Ahmed, R U; Rahman, M M
Noonan’s syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder with a webbed neck that mimics turner syndrome. However, the syndrome has also been found to be genetically heterogeneous. Noonan syndrome is characterized by short stature, hyperkeratosis of skin, distinct facial features, lymphoreticular abnormalities, nail dystrophy. No abnormality in chromosome number has so far been reported. Here we present a 25 year old female who came to Bangladesh Medical College Hospital in May’08, with generalized skin eruptions and left leg swelling.
Width of attached gingiva in an Indian population: A descriptive study.
(2009-06) Shaju, Jacob P; Zade, R M
Objectives: Attached gingiva is important for maintaining periodontium in a healthy state. The present study tries to find the normal values of width of attached gingiva in a periodontally healthy Indian population. Material and Methods: The width of attached gingiva was measured with a periodontal probe in periodontally healthy patients attending the periodontics department. Descriptive statistical analysis was done to get the mean, which will represent the normal values of width of attached gingiva for the population. Results: Female patients had a greater width than males and the 20 to 30 year old group had the greatest width of attached gingiva. The mean values of attached gingiva varied in different areas of the mouth with greatest width in maxillary central incisors and least in mandibular molars. Conclusion: Width of attached gingiva varies with age, gender and in different areas of the mouth.
Role of serum cardiac Troponin-I for risk stratification in first attack in acute myocardial infarction.
(2009-06) Sahabuddin, Joarder M; Jafarullah, M; Moinuddin, A
Introduction: Cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) is known to have the highest specificity and analytic sensitivity for detection of myocardial injury; it is used both as diagnostic and prognostic marker. This study was aimed to confirm this idea. Subjects & methods: This prospective observational study included 60 patients of 40 to 65 years age range diagnosed as acute myocardial infarction. The mean ages were 50±8 years and 53±8 years in Q –wave AMI and non Q-wave AMI respectively. Male and female patients included were 86.7% and 13.3%; BMI was 25.3±1.5. Results: Study showed troponin-I 7.53±0.086 ng/ml in Q wave and in non Q-wave AMI was 6.38±0.64 ng/ml after 24 hours of attack of AMI without any significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). The mean troponin-I within 9 hours of attack, were 1.60±0.80 ng/ml and 2.7±1.4 ng/ml in stable and unstable group respectively and the difference found statistically significant (P<0.05). The mean troponin-I between 9-24 hours of attack were 2.90±1.20 ng/ml and 4.90±3.20 ng/ml in stable and unstable group respectively and the difference found statistically significant (P<0.01). The mean troponin-I in unstable group after 24 hours was 9.20±4.30 ng/ml which was more than between 9-24 hours and the difference was significant (P>0.001). In clinicopathological outcome evaluation 37 patients had troponin-I level >1.5 ng/ml in which 29 patients developed unstability and 8 patients were stable. Conclusion: Serum cTnI is better and more characteristic biomarker for risk prediction and prognosis evaluation in AMI patients.
Trace elements status in type 2 diabetes.
(2009-06) Hussain, F; Maan, M Arif; Sheikh, M A; Nawaz, H; Jamil, A
Background: The metabolism of several trace elements has been reported to alter in diabetes mellitus and these elements might have specific roles in the pathogenesis and progress of this disease. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate serum levels of copper, zinc, chromium, magnesium and manganese in type 2 diabetic patients and their possible association with age, glycemic status and duration of diabetes. Methodology: The comparative study included 116 type 2 diabetic patients and 40 non-diabetic subjects. Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c were determined by the glucose oxidase method and affinity chromatography respectively. The element concentrations were measured by means of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer after microwave-induced acid digestion. Results: Mean (±SD) Mg and Zn levels were significantly reduced in blood samples of diabetic patients as compared to control subjects (p<0.0001-<0.05). The alterations observed in serum levels of copper and manganese was not significant among diabetic and normal subjects. Glycemic status, duration of diabetes and age did not effect the trace elements concentrations. Conclusion: The results confirm that deficiency and efficiency of some essential trace metals may play a role in the development of diabetes mellitus.
Antioxidant activities of dithiol alpha-lipoic acid.
(2009-06) Islam, M T
Alpha-lipoic acid, a dithiol compound derived from octanoic acid, which acts as a coenzyme for several redox reactions in almost all the tissue of the body. It retains its protective functions in both oxidized and reduced forms. Alpha-lipoic acid reduces oxidative stress by redox generation of other antioxidants such as vitamin C, E and increasing the intracellular glutathione. Exogenous alpha-lipoic acid has been shown to increase ATP production due to its role in the oxidation of pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate in the mitochondria. Alpha-lipoic acid administration has been shown to be effective in preventing pathology in various experimental models in which reactive oxygen species have been implicated.
Sophistication of Medical writings.
(2009-06) Khan, Mohammad Iqbal
Orthodontic treatment of mandibular anterior crowding.
(2009-01) Alam, M K
This paper concerns orthodontic treatment of a 17 years old Bangladeshi female with a class I malocclusion along with anterior crowding in the mandibular arch. Orthodontic treatment carried out with preadjusted Roth type (018 slot) fixed brackets with labial flaring of the mandibular incisors to accomplish the treatment. The esthetics and occlusion were maintained after retention.
Rumah Solehah - Malaysia: Half Way Home For Women And Children With HIV/AIDS.
(2009-01) Nordin, Musa bin Mohd
Rumah Solehah (RS) is a half way home for women and children living with HIV/AIDS. Since July 1998, more than 100 women and 50 children have "graduated" from RS. Presently, we have 22 children, 3 months to 9 years old and 8 women. We bought our own home in Kampung Pandan in 2007. We have a second home in Cheras and started a third home in Kuala Terengganu in August 2007. The home and family ambience of RS has offered our women and children the opportunity to cherish the joy and happiness of family life and caring for each other. RS received the Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Special Mention Award 2004 for excellence in care and support at the grass-root level. With the inevitable surplus of HIV/AIDS infected and affected children, the challenges to RS will continue to be a daunting and awesome one. Together we can make a difference to the lives of these little and innocent souls.
Pattern of psychiatric morbidity among the patients admitted in a private psychiatric clinic.
(2009-01) Fahmida, A; Wahab, M A; Rahman, M M
Background: Mental health problem is a major public health issue in the world across the developed and developing countries. However, data in most of the developing countries including Bangladesh are scarce. In Bangladesh, socio-political situation is insecure and unstable with poverty and vulnerable to natural disaster which causes psychiatric morbidity. The pattern of psychiatric morbidity in private clinic is quite different from that in government hospital. Objective: This study was aimed to assess the diagnostic pattern of psychiatric morbidity among the admitted patients in a private psychiatric clinic. Methodology: The study was carried out in a 20 bedded private psychiatric clinic in the heart of Dhaka city. All the information including longitudinal histories of patients was recorded in files and the diagnosis was confirmed by psychiatrist. Admission and discharge notes were recorded in register. Socio-demographic parameters and family history of mental illness were collected from the record file of individual patient. Results: Among 304 patients 184 (60.53%) were males and 120 (36.47%) were females. More than 50% of patients were in the age group of 18 to 37 years. Most common psychiatric disorders were schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders (39.4%), mood disorder (18.75%), borderline personality disorder (3.6%), conduct disorder (2.3), somatoform disorder (1.6%), anxiety disorder (0.7%), organic psychiatric disorder (2%), impulse control disorder (1.3%) and adjustment disorder (0.7%). Conclusion: Major forms of psychiatric disorders are common both in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh.
Evaluation of the antibody response against Hepatitis B Virus infection in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: A Pilot Study.
(2009-01) Shahin, S; Khoybar, A; Farhana, A; Matira, K
Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the antibody response of hepatitis B virus infection in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) by detecting different viral markers. Method: Study subjects comprised a total of 88 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients from Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). Of them 63 patients on MHD and 25 predialysis patients served as cases and controls respectively. Clinical history was taken and serological markers for HBV (HBsAg, Anti-HBs, and Anti-HBc) were determined by using ELISA. Results: Hepatitis B virus was positive in 1.6% of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and in 16% of controls (p<0.02). Anti-HBc antibody was positive in 62% of dialysis patients and 72% of controls (p=NS) and the positivity was significantly associated in dialysis subjects with longer duration of dialysis (18 ± 22 vs. 10 ± 7, months, p<0.04), multiple units of blood transfusions (22 ± 29 vs. 10 ± 12, units, p<0.04) and more reuse of dialyzer (3 ± 1 vs. 2 ± 1, times, p<0.03) than the negative ones. Among MHD patients 84% were vaccinated against HBV with a schedule of 3 (79%) and 4 (21%) doses and protective antibody titer (>10 IU/L) was found in 57%. None of the controls were vaccinated but 66% had protective titer indicating post exposure natural immunity. Conclusions: Hepatitis B virus positivity was significantly higher among the predialysis subjects compared to dialysis group.
Relationship of anti-fertility effects of Andrographis paniculata and hormonal assay in female rats.
(2009-01) Sakila, S; Begum, N; Kawsar, S; Begum, Z A; Zoha, M S
Aims: This study was aimed to find out anti-fertility effects of Andrographis paniculata (AP) plant. Study design & Methodology: A prospective case control animal study with 85 female and 30 male rats (Total 115 rats) was done in the Department of Pharmacology of Dhaka Medical College and Bangladesh Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2002 to December 2003. The total 85 female rats were grouped into case study or exposure group (N=60 female rats) exposed to water extract of AP & control or non exposure group (N=25 female rats, 30 male rats also considered as control group) Exposure group (water extract) of female were again subdivided in 3 groups according to duration of (A.P) exposure (N=20 in each group) e.g. 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks. Mating schedules were done after the completion of scheduled duration of exposure with A.P (Dose was 1 gm/kg). Results: In group I percentage of infertility was 33.33% in 4 weeks exposure, 50% in 6 weeks exposure & 100% in 8 weeks exposure respectively. In control group (Group II) percentage of infertility was 0%. In case study group of female rats the value of FSH was 1.20 1U/L (4 weeks), 1.12 1U/L (6 weeks), 1.00 1U/L (8 weeks), LH 0.78 1U/L (4 weeks), 0.70 1U/L (6 weeks), 0.64 1U/L (8 weeks), Estrogen 45.30 pg/ml (4 weeks), 44.80 pg/ml (6 weeks), 44.20 pg/ml (8 weeks) and Progesterone 4.84 nmol/L (4 weeks), 4.72 nmol/L (6 weeks) and 3.80 nmol/L (8 weeks). In non exposure group the value of FSH was 1.23 1U/L, LH 0.80 1U/L, Estrogen 47.05 pg/L and Progesterone 5.50 nmol/L. In exposure group all the values were lesser than the normal hormonal value. Conclusion: This study suggests that due to lower level of hormone, female rats have promising percentage of infertility with AP. Further study is needed with rat as well as clinical trial with human being.
Pre treatment by the crude and the n-hexane extract of Nigella sativa Linn. (Kalajira) alleviates diabetes mellitus.
(2009-01) Matira, K; Dewan, Z F; Rehnuma, T C; Farhana, A; Zeba, U N; Shahin, S
Methodology: Effect of pretreatment by crude and n-Hexane extract of Nigella (10mg/kg body wt./day for 21 days) on streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg body wt. single dose i.p.) administered rats were observed in the present study. Biochemical parameters (Serum glucose, serum TG, serum cholesterol, pancreatic GSH) were compiled together with pancreatic histology. Results: Both the crude and the n-Hexane extract of Nigella pre-treated diabetic rats had demonstrated significant (P<0.001) alleviation from the elevated serum glucose, lowered pancreatic reduced glutathione (P<0.01) and elevated serum TG concentrations (P<0.01). 72% β cells appeared to be damaged by STZ administration, while in the crude and the n-Hexane extract of Nigella pretreated diabetic groups this damage was 31% and 46% respectively, the crude Nigella pretreated group thus appeared to have better amelioration. Conclusions: Further studies are suggested to obtain the protective ingredient from the crude Nigella and to observe its effect upon the above mentioned parameters of diabetic rats in higher doses for prolonged periods.

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