Global Journal For Research Analysis
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Item Assessment Of Food Adulteration Practices And Consumer Awareness In Akot City, Maharashtra: A Mixed-Methods Study(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-05) R. D, Saroj; Sapkal, H. PFood adulteration remains a critical public health challenge in India, threatening nutritional security and consumer safety. This study evaluates adulteration practices in commonly consumed food items in Akot City, Maharashtra, and assesses women's awareness of adulteration. Using a mixed-methods approach, 60 food samples (spices, pulses, milk products, oils, etc.) were tested via household chemicals and laboratory methods to detect adulterants. Concurrently, 60 women across socio-economic strata were surveyed to gauge their knowledge of adulteration. Results revealed widespread adulteration in loose samples, including brick powder in chili powder (linked to cancer), argemone oil in coconut oil, and synthetic milk containing urea. Survey data indicated that 78% of women were aware of food adulteration, yet only 25% recognized low pricing as a potential indicator. Socio-economic status in?uenced awareness, with higher literacy correlating to better understanding. The study underscores the need for stringent enforcement of food safety regulations, consumer education, and accessible detection methods to mitigate health risks.Item Comparative Analysis Of The Most Popular And Widely Used Learning Management Systems (LMS) In Industry(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-07) Tiwari, Ashok Kumar; Sharma, Khushbu; Gurbani, VartikaLearning Management Systems (LMS) are integral to modern education and corporate training environments. They enable the digital delivery, tracking, and management of learning processes. This paper provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of six leading LMS platforms: Moodle, Canvas, Blackboard, TalentLMS, SAP Litmos, and Docebo. Through evaluation based on usability, features, adoption, pricing, and user feedback, this research aims to guide organizations in selecting the most suitable LMS based on their unique requirements.Item Noise Pollution: Its Adverse Effects On Health And The Therapeutic Role Of Music Therapy(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-07) Kinjalk, Nishindra; Kinjalk, Tushar; Kinjalk, Aarushi; Kumar, Rishav; Kinjalk, MeghnaBackground: Pollution by noise is part of life in rapidly urbanising world. Increased stress, diminishing concentration, anxiety state, insomnia, violent behaviour, cognitive impairment, stress related disorders like diabetes mellitus and hypertension are increased. Noise pollution is found to be a cofactor in all these conditions. Music if properly chosen, can be an important tool to reduce the physiological and psychological adverse effects of noise pollution. Objectives: resent study is to investigate the health impacts of noise pollution, and it also evaluates the ef?cacy of structured music therapy in such a scenario. A randomised control trial was carried out on 103 adult subjectsMaterials And Methods: (aged 21–60) residing in high-noise urban zones (average ambient noise >75 dB). The subjects were randomly divided to two groups: Group A (Intervention Group, n=52) received 30 minutes of daily music therapy using the Kinjalk Mode of Music Application (KIMMA), tailored musical compositions, based on circadian rhythms and individual emotional pro?les. For 6 weeks. Group B (Control Group, n=51) received no intervention with music therapy. Subjects Were Evaluated At Baseline And After 6 Weeks For The Parameters: Ÿ Blood Pressure (systolic and diastolic) Ÿ Salivary cortisol levels Ÿ Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Ÿ Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Ÿ WHOQOL-BREF for quality of life Results: Compared to the control group, Group A showed statistically signi?cant improvements: Ÿ Mean systolic BP reduced by 8.3 mmHg (p<0.01) Ÿ Mean salivary cortisol decreased by 17% (p<0.01) Ÿ PSQI scores improved by 22% (p<0.05) Ÿ PSS scores decreased by 28% (p<0.01) Ÿ WHOQOL-BREF domains (psychological and physical health) showed a mean increase of 18% (p<0.05) No adverse effects were found. Compliance with music therapy was more than 90%. Conclusion: Noise pollution signi?cantly impacts mental and cardiovascular health. Music therapy, particularly when personalised and structured as per the KIMMA framework, offers a low-cost, non-invasive, and effective intervention to buffer these adverse effects. This study supports the integration of music therapy in urban mental health and occupational wellness programs.Item Comparative Study Of Structural And Morphological Properties Of Nickel Ferrite Thin Films Deposited From Aqueous And Non-Aqueous Baths(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-07) Kale, M. R.Nickel ferrite is a ferromagnetic material, which is having technological importance in electronic, magnetic, humidity and gas sensor industries. Nickel ferrite thin ?lms were deposited on stainless steel substrates from an alkaline aqueous non-aqueous solution at room temperature. Preparative parameters were optimized to get smooth, compact and adherent ?lms. Small heat treatment converts this NiFe2 into NiFe2O4. The XRD studies revealed nanocrystalline Cubic spinel crystal structure of nickel ferrite ?lm formation for both the ?lms deposited from aqueous and non- aqueous baths. After annealing 'c/a' ratio and grain size were increased due to grain growth and structural changes. The SEM and AFM images showed the smooth, uniform and compact ?lm formation. Value of surface roughness was lowered after annealing. We have observed that the nickel ferrite thin ?lms obtained from non-aqueous bath show improved results than ?lms deposited from aqueous bath. With the use of non-aqueous bath hydrogen evolution did not occur at working electrode during electrodeposition, which gives smooth and uniform ?lm formation.Item Hinman Syndrome: A Narrative Review(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-05) Hoz, Rosaura Monsalve De LaHinman syndrome, or non-neurogenic neurogenic bladder, is a complex voiding disorder characterized by functional bladder-sphincter dyssynergia without underlying neurological pathology. This narrative review examines its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and management strategies. Patients typically present with urinary retention, recurrent UTIs, encopresis, and upper tract complications. Diagnosis requires exclusion of neurological causes through imaging and urodynamic studies demonstrating detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach combining behavioral therapy (timed voiding, biofeedback), pharmacotherapy (anticholinergics, alpha-blockers), and psychological support. Advanced cases may require botulinum toxin injections or surgical intervention. Prognosis depends on early intervention, with untreated cases risking renal impairment. Future research should explore neurobiological correlates and optimize therapeutic algorithms to improve outcomes in this challenging disorder.Item Breaking The Silence: Addressing Legal Unawareness In Financial Fraud And Mitigating Justice Through Education, Policy Reform, And AI-Driven Solutions(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-07) Sachdeva, Devansh; Luthra, Swati; Sharma, SaumyaDespite signi?cant advancements in legal frameworks, an immense constituent of the Indian population remains incognizant of their rights, leading to the silent acceptance of offences and violations. This research aims to investigate the extent of legal illiteracy as a barrier to justice and explore feasible solutions, including policy interventions, educational reforms, and AI-powered assistance. The study is a secondary data-based review that examines the underreporting of ?nancial and consumer rights related crimes, especially due to lack of adequate legal awareness with respect to accessing invoking and pursuing correct legal measures and remedies. The research explores evidence from existing literature which includes bare acts and laws that provide foundational understanding of legal provisions and their implementation, studies indexed in Scopus and ABDC. The paper also analyses crime reports, regulatory guides, case studies, government reports available in the public domain and incorporates research conducted nationally to provide a comprehensive understanding of legalities related to ?nancial and consumer rights related crimes. Upon reviewing numerous studies, it was found that 50-70 % of offences/crimes/violations/abuse related to ?nancial fraud in India remain unreported due to a lack of legal awareness on behalf of the wronged individuals. Furthermore, signi?cant underreporting of such offences has been found in serious transgressions like ?nancial fraud and consumer rights violations. Key reasons for these challenges include limited legal education, procedural complexities-such as complex litigation and documentation process, as well as extended resolution timelines, fear of adverse repercussions, and more. The study portrays evidence-backed insights into these challenges and propose implementable solutions such as mandatory legal awareness programs and campaigns, introduction to simpli?ed frameworks for legal reporting as well as harnessing AI tools such as AI-powered legal assistants to further ensure accessibility to justice. While we aim for a better understanding of the challenges our country is facing, including the obstacles like lack of awareness, and the lack of standard legal education, our study is constrained by variations in legal awareness across various parts of the country, and the reliance on self-reported information. The inconsistency in legal frameworks and the absence of region-speci?c legal assistance which include the regional laws and grants by the government, further contribute to the challenge. We will make efforts to mitigate these challenges by reviewing various sources of data- including of?cial reports, academic research, and case studies-and consulting legal experts. Additionally, ?rst-hand experiences from affected individuals will be analysed to ensure a holistic perspective on the problem and its potential solutions.Item Identification Of Circulating Subtypes Of HIV-1 Around Belgaum, South India, By Heteroduplex Mobility Assay(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-05) Nagamoti, Mahantesh B.; Nagamoti, Jyoti. M.; Patil, Chidanand SBackground; Genomic variations in HIV type -1 and their geographical distribution has major impact on disease epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy and prevention of infection. HIV-1 subtype C viruses are associated with nearly half of worldwide HIV-1 infections and are most predominant in India as well. The HIV-1 subtypes prevailing in North Karnataka region of south India have not been explored to date. Twenty four HIV-1 reactiveMethods: patients who belonged to the three south Indian States i.e. Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra were included in the study and sub typing was done by using Heteroduplex Mobility Assay (HMA). We found HIV-1 subtype C in all the 24 samples tested.Results: All the male patients had the history of exposure to commercial sex workers. HIV-1 subtype C is circulating aroundConclusion: Belagavi. HMA is a useful tool for monitoring the prevalence of the various genetic subtypes of HIV-1, as this technology can easily be adopted by the laboratories of developing countries with limited resources.Item Epicardial Fat Thickness Is Associated With Diastolic Dysfunction In Obese Hypertensive Patients(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-05) Guerrero-García, Carolina; Rubio-Guerra, Alberto F.; Narváez-Rivera, Jorge L.; Benítez-Maldonado, Daniel RDiastolic dysfunction is characterized by alterations in left ventricle diastolic ?lling and is a predictor of cardiovascular events. Several risk factors, including hypertension, obesity, and increased visceral fat, are implicated in the development of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). Epicardial adipose tissue is true visceral fat. The presence and severity of diastolic dysfunction is commonly evaluated by echocardiography, also, transthoracic echocardiography provides a reliable measurement of epicardial fat thickness. The aim of this work was to evaluate if epicardial fat has a role in the development of LVDD in obese hypertensive patients. We included 70 hypertensiveMethods. obese patients who underwent echocardiography with an Aloka Alfa 6 equipment (Japan) using a 3.5 MHz transducer, by 2 cardiologists who were unaware of the clinical data. Epicardial fat thickness was measured as described by Iacobellis. To assess diastolic dysfunction, the E/A ratio, the deceleration time, and the e'/a' ratio were used according to the Nagueh criteria. Statistical analysis was performed with the ?sher test. We found LVDD in 56 obese hypertensive patients. When weResults. evaluated the risk for LVDD inobese hypertensive patients with an EFT ? 4 mm, we found a statistically signi?cant association (p<0.01), Interestingly, only one patient with an EFT < 4 mm shown LVDD. We found that Epicardial fat thickness >Conclusion: 4mm is associated with LVDD in obese hypertensive subjects. The measurement of EFT whereas non-invasive and useful, should be part of the cardiovascular risk evaluation in obese hypertensive patients.Item Influence Of Hip And Shoulder Angular Velocity On The Execution Phase Of The Upstart In Men?s Artistic Gymnastics(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-07) Singh, Arun Kumar; Pandey, DeepakItem A Rare Neonatal Cardiac Case Of Double Outlet Right Ventricle With ASD And PAH.(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-05) Reddy, Hemangi Govind; Doshi, Arpan; Bhadbhade, JagadishObjective: Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD) are the most common structural birth abnormalities. A Neonate presenting in the ?rst month of life without cyanosis, but with clinical features of congestive cardiac failure (CCF) and murmur on auscultation needs to be further investigated for lesions like a large VSD with PDA, unobstructed TAPVC, Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) and Single Ventricle. Background: The foetal heart begins to form on 18th day of pregnancy, with formation of a heart tube that elongates and develops dilation and contractions ability as a ventricle and out?ow tract. Both arterial trunks arise from right ventricle. Persistence of left ventriculo-infundibular fold (VIF) between aorta and mitral valve, which was supposed to be regressed is associated with DORV. By fourth and ?fth week of foetal life atrial septum and ventricular septum develop. These structural developments are affected by idiopathic, genetic and environmental factors; resulting into CHD in-situ. But the presentations vary with lesion, age and clinical representation. The incidence being 6-8 per 1000 live births. It is most common direct cause of death in paediatric age group due to congenital heart anomalies, if not investigated and treated within time. Discussion: DORV is a complex CHD where aorta and pulmonary artery arise predominantly from morphological right ventricle along with presences of Atrial Septal Defect and Ventricular Septal defect (VSD) which requires a de?nitive surgical management. If DORV is present with cyanosis, there is pulmonary stenosis (PS) which resembles a Tetralogy of Fallot. In contrast, our case has pulmonary hypertension without cyanosis, but with features of CCF, as seen in DORV without PS. Take Home Message: With advancements in foetal and paediatric cardiology, early diagnosis and treatment of CHDs is now possible, and is of utmost importance for survival, prevention of complications, genetic counselling and improving the quality of life.Item Biomechanical Analysis Of Kinematic And Kinetic Parameters During The Upstart On Horizontal Bar In Elite Male Gymnasts (2D Analysis)(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-07) Singh, Arun Kumar; Pandey, DeepakThis study examines the biomechanical factors in?uencing the Upstart movement on the horizontal bar in top male gymnasts using two-dimensional (2D) analysis. The Upstart is a vital transitional ability necessitating coordination, timing, and strength to progress from a backward swing to a support stance. Five nationally competitive gymnasts were documented with a high-speed camera to capture motion in the sagittal plane. Essential kinematic and kinetic parameters—shoulder angular velocity, hip torque, and vertical displacement of the centre of mass (COM)—were examined utilising Kinovea software and inverse dynamics computations. The ?ndings demonstrated a robust positive association (r = 0.986, p = 0.0019) between hip torque and vertical centre of mass displacement, underscoring the critical importance of proximal force generation in upward propulsion. The shoulder angular velocity exhibited minimal variation across gymnasts, suggesting its diminished impact on performance variability. These ?ndings validate the ef?cacy of 2D biomechanical techniques for technique evaluation and propose focused hip extensor strength training to improve Upstart performance in artistic gymnastics.Item Gita Govinda And Its Musical Interpretations In Odissi Tradition(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-07) Mohapatra, Dheeraj KumarThis topic deals with an overview of Gita Govinda of saint poet Jayadeva and its musical interpretations particularly in Odissi music. This particular ?eld of investigation and research is always inspired by Gita Govinda, a renowned Sanskrit classic of poet Jayadeva. Shree Jayadeva was the 12th century most illustrious Sanskrit Saint- poet, for his glorious lyrical composition, the epic poem “Gita Govinda” in Sanskrit that portrays the supreme divine love of Krishna-an avatar of Vishnu and his consort, Radha. Gita Govinda's musical love theme has been portrayed beautifully through ages as an artist's compulsive passion depicting further the appreciation and pride for Jaydeva's masterpiece. Through his Gita Govinda, Sri Jayadeva has not only created a speci?c musical tradition where the music is organized into systematic form and de?nite melodic pattern based on raga-tala repertoires. It is universally acclaimed that Jayadeva's Gita Govinda is a musical classic of ?nely crafted lyrical composition.Item The Impact Of Negative Thinking Of The Parents In The Field Of Building A Life Of The Children: An Analysis Based On Practical Observation(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-07) Narah, BodisingToday's children or students are the future of our country. Parents are experienced senior citizens of the society. Unpleasant but it is true that the entire parent wants their child to become a healthy, strong, idealistic and moral person. Therefore, in the current changing society, the parents are the characters who have to play a strong role in achieving the main goals of life or moving a child in the right direction. In this ?eld the parents are always should be remembered that without proper positive thinking and positive behaviour cannot think about the building a good life of the children. This is because negative parental thinking can affect children's academic outcomes as well as overall development. In real situation, if we want to build a completely healthy, happiness life of our children then as parent must be removed some of the negative aspects from our mind. Excessive parental pressure, fear and anxiety, educational aversion, comparisons, and frustration can damage children's self-con?dence and mental health, resulting in a decline in their academic performance as well as may also fail to build a good life. Through the positive thinking and positive behaviour can build bright life of the children.Item A Comparative Study To Assess The Effect Of Intravenous Dexamethasone 8mg In The Prevention Of Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting In Patients Undergoing Surgery Under Subarachnoid Block Versus Patients(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-07) Menon, Dhanya; Dixit, Atul; Verma, Ridhi; Gohiya, Sarita; Sharma, PrernaBackground: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication that affects surgical patients and can lead to delayed recovery and reduced satisfaction. Dexamethasone, a synthetic corticosteroid, has been shown to possess antiemetic properties. This study evaluates the ef?cacy of intravenous dexamethasone (8 mg) in preventing PONV among patients undergoing surgery under the subarachnoid block (SAB) compared to those undergoing laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia (GA). To assess andAim And Objective: compare the ef?cacy of a single dose of intravenous dexamethasone (8 mg) in reducing the incidence of PONV in patients undergoing surgery under SAB and laparoscopic surgery under GA. A prospective, observationalMaterials And Methods: study was conducted among 104 patients divided into two groups: Group A (SAB) and Group B (GA). Both groups received 8 mg intravenous dexamethasone post-induction. PONV incidence was evaluated at intervals (immediately postoperatively, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours). The need for rescue antiemetics was recorded. Group A exhibited a signi?cantly lower incidence ofResults: PONV (20%) compared to Group B (60%) at 24 hours postoperatively (p < 0.05). The need for rescue antiemetics was also reduced in Group A compared to Group B (mean doses: 0.5 vs. 1.5, p < 0.05). Intravenous dexamethasone (8 mg) isConclusion: effective in preventing PONV in both SAB and GA groups; however, it demonstrated greater ef?cacy in patients undergoing surgery under SAB. Tailored PONV management strategies should be considered based on the context of surgical and anaesthetic.Item Analysis Of Selected Human Resource Accounting Disclosures In Tech Mahindra Ltd.(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-07) Maheshkumar, Barot RutuIt is true that success of an organization depends on how best the physical resources are utilised by the Human Resource. It is important how physical resource are being activated by the Human Resources. Therefore, the ef?cient and effective utilisation of resources depends largely on the Human Resource working in it. An organization possessed with abundant physical resources may sometimes miserably fail unless it has ef?cient Human Resources. Thus, the importance of Human Resources cannot be ignored. Unfortunately, till new generally accepted system of accounting this important asset, viz., the Human Resource has not been evolved. This research paper attempts to highlight the value of human resource and their relationship with the total compensation paid to human resource and company's Pro?t after Tax. For analysis purpose selected ?nancial data from Tech Mahindra Ltd. during the period of 26 years, i.e. from March 1999 to March 2024 have been considered. It is concluded that total compensation paid to employee and company's PAT has much interdependence with number of employees.Item To Study The Role Of Late First Trimester Cervico- Isthmic Length Screening In Prediction Of Preterm Labour(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-07) Nahar, Deepshikha; Bhati, AnjlinaItem Role Of Kouna Craft In Promoting Sustainable Livelihoods In Rural Areas Of Manipur(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-07) Singh, Achom RanjanThis research study will critically examines the role of Kauna craft in promoting sustainable livelihoods in rural areas of Manipur. Kauna craft, a traditional handicraft of Manipur, has been an integral part of the state's cultural heritage and economy. The study aims to assess the impact of Kauna craft on rural livelihoods, income generation, and poverty reduction. It will also explores the potential of Kauna craft to promote sustainable development, environmental conservation, and social empowerment. In Manipur, unemployment is one of the big challenges as there is very less organized private industry that can generates employment and government jobs are very limited. According to Directorate of Employment, Manipur, the number of job-seekers registered with the Employment Exchanges in Manipur as of March 31, 2024, was 4,52,090. Here, Kouna Crafts which are also eco-friendly product are the great source of income for the artisans particularly living in rural areas of Manipur. On average, a women artisan belonging to skill and semi-skilled group can earn an average Rs.8000 – 12000 per month. In addition, in view of its health-friendly nature, Kouna crafts never harm the health of artisans. For this study, reports published by Department of Commerce and Industries, government of Manipur and also reports, articles published in journals, Newspapers are also used.Item Impact Of Digital Teaching On Knowledge Regarding Low Glycemic Index Diet Among The Diabetes Mellitus Patients At Mandya.(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-07) K P, ShruthiIMPACT OF DIGITAL TEACHING ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING LOW GLYCEMIC INDEX DIET AMONG THE DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS AT MANDYA. Original Research Paper Mrs. Shruthi K P Assistant Professor, RVS Institute of Nursing sciences, B. M. Road, Ummadahalli Gate, Mandya. X 1GJRA - GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS Background: Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health concern, and dietary management plays a key role in glycemic control. However, many patients lack adequate knowledge about low glycemic index (GI) diets. A pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was used. Data were collected using a structuredMethods: knowledge questionnaire. The pretest mean score was 22.10, and the post-test mean score was 29.45, with a mean difference of 7.35. The paired t-test value (t = 14.989) indicated statistical signi?cance. The digital teaching programme signi?cantlyResults: improved the knowledge of diabetic patients regarding low GI diets. Digital education is an effective strategy toConclusion: enhance dietary knowledge among diabetes patients and should be integrated into routine nursing practice for better patient outcomes.Item Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgG Antibodies In Tertiary Care Hospital, Chandrapur(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-07) Komatwar, Neha; Kolhe, Virendra; Tore, Rajani; Surpam, RajendraBackground: Many studies examined the spread of SARS-CoV-2 within populations using seroprevalence. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 speci?c IgG antibodies from May 2020 to December 2023 in Chandrapur, Maharashtra. The data was collected between May 2020Methods: to Dec 2023. In this study, we conducted an immunologic study to determine the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in hospitals. Blood samples were collected randomly from 390924 individuals who were SARS CoV-2 RT-PCR negative across Chandrapur, Maharashtra. The serum samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies using Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. 14.32% of samples had anti-SARS-CoV 2 IgG antibodies, with a slightly higherResults: incidence in males than in females. Additionally, people in the 21-40 age range and those living in cities showed higher levels of positivity. The signi?cance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody serosurveillance among RT-PCR negative persons isConclusions: suggested by this study. This will assist in halting the spread of infection and developing infection prevention procedures.Item Self-Management Strategies For Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review(Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-07) Nair, Pooja JayanPurpose of Review: To synthesize current evidence on the strategies, barriers, and facilitators related to self-management of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), focusing on patient empowerment, health education, digital innovations, and health system integration. Databases suchSources of Information: as PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched for English-language studies from January 2020 to May 2025 using key terms “COPD,” “self-management,” “digital health,” and “pulmonary rehabilitation.” Additional reference lists and guideline documents were also consulted. A narrative approach was adopted. Literature was critically reviewed,Methods: compared, and synthesized using thematic analysis across four domains: clinical strategies, psychosocial components, technological tools, and health system roles. Peer review from domain experts was obtained to strengthen validity and relevance. Pulmonary rehabilitation, action plans, and personalized goal setting improve outcomes whenKey Findings: embedded in multidisciplinary care. Psychological support, social connection, and health literacy are vital enablers. Digital tools (e.g., apps, telemonitoring) show promise, but digital exclusion and limited system-level integration remain challenges. Nurse-led models and shared decision-making enhance continuity and trust. Combining strategies increases ef?cacy. Limitations: As a narrative review, formal bias assessment of included studies was not conducted. Findings rely on current literature and expert synthesis rather than quantitative meta-analysis.