Norovirus gastroenteritis associated with food served by housewives at home in Bihar, India: A Case-control study

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dc.contributor.authorKhan, Nadeemen_US
dc.contributor.authorDipak, Chandanen_US
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Neelimaen_US
dc.contributor.authorVishakhaen_US
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-09T09:32:49Z
dc.date.available2025-05-09T09:32:49Z
dc.date.issued2024-08
dc.description.abstractA retrospective case-control study was undertaken between the 17th and 24th of 2022, with participants including patients (housewives) admitted to the hospital. All the patients in hospital are from local region and are housewives. The main sources of this Norovirus infection are from the unhygienic kitchen. Unhygienic utensils in the kitchen, inadequate food storage and improper waste disposal were identified. Investigation showed that womens in kitchen used tap water for cooking but used untreated ground water to wash food ingredients and utensils. Questionnaires were returned from 35 attendees, out of total 46 questionnaires distributed (response rate 76 %).Thirty-Five cases (including 15 confirmed cases) and 45 controls were identified and interviewed (Control cases are of same age and sex of confirmed cases). All cases were aged 10� years old, are 35 females. We have randomly selected the 45 participants for control group. 15 of the 35 stool specimens were positive for GII Norovirus. Other stool samples tested were negative for bacterial pathogens. To detect the Norovirus, Real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction testing was conducted. By prioritizing and consistently implementing robust hand washing and utensil washing protocols, food service establishments can significantly reduce the risk of Norovirus transmission in the kitchen environment. This, combined with other sanitation and hygiene measures, can contribute to a comprehensive strategy for preventing Norovirus outbreaks and ensuring food safety. An improved vaccine development and implementation of interventions is the need for the eradication of Norovirus.en_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDept. of Community Medicine, Shree Narayan Medical Institute and Hospital, Saharsa, Bihar, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDept. of Community Medicine, Shree Narayan Medical Institute and Hospital, Saharsa, Bihar, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDept. of Community Medicine, Shree Narayan Medical Institute and Hospital, Saharsa, Bihar, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDept. of Community Medicine, Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Rohtas, Bihar, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.citationKhan Nadeem, Dipak Chandan, Kumar Neelima, Vishakha. Norovirus gastroenteritis associated with food served by housewives at home in Bihar, India: A Case-control study. International Journal of Advances in Health Sciences. 2024 Aug; 11(4): 10-15en_US
dc.identifier.issn2349-7033
dc.identifier.placeIndiaen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/244762
dc.languageenen_US
dc.publisherIJHS medical Associationen_US
dc.relation.issuenumber4en_US
dc.relation.volume11en_US
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13118792en_US
dc.subjectNorovirusen_US
dc.subjectRT-PCRen_US
dc.subjectvomitingen_US
dc.subjectdiarrhoeaen_US
dc.subjectnauseaen_US
dc.subjectmyalgiaen_US
dc.subjectsanitation and hygieneen_US
dc.titleNorovirus gastroenteritis associated with food served by housewives at home in Bihar, India: A Case-control studyen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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