Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/7

Editor: Prof. Mir Misbahuddin

ISSN: 0377-9238 (Print)

Frequency: 3 issues a year

Language: English

Published by Bangladesh Medical Research Council

Peer-reviewed open access journal indexed in Index Medicus

Web site: https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BMRCB/index

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 516

HBeAg/anti-HBe, alanine aminotransferase and HBV DNA levels in HBsAg positive chronic carriers.
(2008-08-06) Rabbi, Fareha Jesmin; Rezwan, Md Kamar; Shirin, Tahmina
Serum samples from a total of 72 chronic hepatitis B virus carriers were analysed by serological, biochemical and molecular assays. The aim was to evaluate the relationship of the serological and biochemical parameters with molecular markers in order to assess the infectivity of virus. Out of 72 chronic HBsAg positive carriers, 28 patients were HBeAg positive and anti-HBe negative, 38 patients were HBeAg negative and anti-HBe positive, only 3 patients were positive for both HBeAg and anti-HBe and the rest 3 patients were negative for both markers. Detectable HBV DNA lcvcl was found in 92.86% HBsAg-positive/anti-HBe negative patients along with raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (67.86%) compared with HBeAg-negative/anti-HBe positive carriers (36.84%) (p value = 0.02) and out a total of 38 HBeAg-negative/anti-HBe positive carriers, 12 (31.58%) patients had detectable lcvel of HBV DNA. Among the 14 HBeAg-negative/anti-HBe positive patients with elevated ALT level, 8 (57.14%) had detectable HBV DNA whereas out of 24 HBeAg-negative/anti-HBe positive patients with normal ALT level only 4 (16.66%) had detectablc HBV DNA lcvel. Significantly high rate of detection of HBV DNA was seen among anti-HBe positive patients with raised ALT level compared with the patients with normal ALT level (p value = 0.01).
Phase contrast microscopic examination of hematuria to localize the source of bleeding.
(2008-08-06) Sultana, Tuhin; Islam, Muhammad Nazrul
Prevalence of overweight and obesity in infancy.
(2008-08-06) Sultan, Khaja; Habiba, T
Outcome of 153 cases of mitral stenosis after percutenuous transvenous mitral commissurotomy.
(2008-08-06) Ahsan, Syed Ali; Marufuzzaman, Sheikh; Adbul Bari, Md; Salman, Mohammad; Rahman, Md Mokhlesur
Use of anthropometric indicators for predicting risk of delivering low birth weight babies.
(2008-08-06) Dhar, Bishnupada; Bhadra, Subrata K
Clinicopathological correlation of blistering diseases of skin.
(2008-08-06) Kabir, A K M Nurul; Kamal, Mohammed; Choudhury, Aga Masood
Blistering diseases are alarming skin conditions where blister formation occurs in various ways and cannot be differentiated clinically. For confirmation of diagnosis, along with routine histological examination, immunofluorescence study is essential. Tzanck smear may be used as a rapid diagnostic tool. We included here 34 cases of different blistering lesions. Other than routine Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, direct immunofluorescence test was done in 31 cases, indirect immunofluorescence in 28 cases and Tzanck smear in 33 cases. Direct immunofluorescence stain was also applied on Tzanck smears. The most frequent diagnoses were pemphigus (n = 16), bullous pemphigoid (n = 11) and linear IgA dermatosis (n = 3). Clinical findings and histological examination were sufficient for the diagnosis of most cases. Direct immunofluorescence study is essential in many cases, and indirect immunofluorescence study is a useful method for diagnosis of some of the blistering diseases, especially in pemphigus. Direct immunofluorescence staining on Tzanck smear is a novel technique for the diagnosis of pemphigus.
Bangladesh HIV/AIDS communication challenges and strategies.
(2008-08-06) Haider, Muhiuddin; Ahmed, Shamsun Nahar; Jaha, Nilufar K
Bangladesh is in a precarious position in relation to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Rates are currently low compared to the rest of the South Asian region, and the disease is relatively confined to small, high-risk populations--mainly injection drug users (IDUs) and commercial sex workers. Yet if steps are not taken quickly to keep the epidemic in check, it could easily spread to the general population as it has in other countries nearby. This would both increase the negative impact of HIV/AIDS and make it much harder to target for containment. It is therefore imperative that healthy behavior be promoted among IDUs and sex users, not only for their own health, but for the health of the country. Prevention will be the key to halting the spread of HIV infection through the implementation of communication and education programs aimed to change high-risk behavior. However, the disparate number of HIV/AIDS prevention programs independently operating in Bangladesh combined with the difficulty in adequately targeting this unique population of IDUs and sex workers establishes a complex situation where attaining behavior change is extremely difficult. This paper proposes adoption of the FOMENT model to design a health communication campaign targeting the high-risk populations in Bangladesh.
Magnetic resonance imaging features of breasts in patients with nipple discharge.
(2008-08-06) Choudhury, Shahnaz; Isomoto, Ichiro; Hyashi, Kuniaki
A retrospective study was conducted to demonstrate the potential role of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCEMRI) in the detection of breast lesions in 15 patients with nipple discharge. The DCEMRI findings were compared and correlated with the findings of ultrasonography and mammography. The results revealed that the character of the nipple discharge was mostly bloody and in few cases were serous. The imaging findings revealed that DCEMRI is highly sensitive and specific in the detection of breast canner and the histopathological correlation in such detection was highly significant (p < 0.001) as compared to ultrasonography and mammography finding.
Anatomical assessment of ventricular septum in relation to the aortic valve of bovine heart.
(2008-04-12) Islam, Md Nazrul
Initial experience with 10 cases of Indiana pouch continent urinary diversion.
(2008-04-12) Alam, S M Mahbub; Hoq, Md Muzharul; Hoque, Monwarul; Rahman, Mizanur
Indiana pouch continent urinary diversion provides patient control over elimination of urine with periods of dryness. This allows emptying of urine from the pouch by catheter at convenient intervals avoiding major metabolic abnormalities with satisfactory renal function. Detubularization of the ascending colon and caecum with tapering of the terminal ileum and tunneled tenial implants of the ureters have resulted continent cutaneous urinary reservoir. In total 10 patients were included and follow-up period was for a period of 6 months to 5 years. One year after surgery overall day and night continence rate was in 70% patients, some leakage at day and night in 30% cases and no patient developed day or night incontinence. The mean capacity of the pouch was 530 ml at 12-18 months. Pouch pressure at full capacity was 16 cm H2O at 18 months. Indiana pouch provides better attention for urinary diversion in developing countries as it is well accepted, economically more suitable and relatively easy to construct, with good results in terms of continence and reduced complications with satisfactory renal function.
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and its relationship with hormonal contraceptive methods.
(2008-04-12) Ashrafunnessa,; Kamal, Mohammad
Applications of free circulating nucleic acids in clinical medicine: recent advances.
(2008-04-12) Giasuddin, A S M; Jhuma, Khadija Akther; Haq, A M Mujibul
The objective of this review article was to highlight briefly the recent advances made relevant to applications of free circulating nucleic acids (FcNAs) in clinical medicine. Detection of FcNAs in plasma, serum and other body fluids from healthy subjects as well as in patients has opened up the possibility of diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. With the rapid developments in molecular biology techniques such as real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qPCR), quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMS-PCR), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry, quantitative fluorescent PCR (QF-PCR), single allele primer extension reaction (SAPER) method and other techniques the applications in clinical medicine have increased. The recent discovery of epigenetic changes in placental/fetal DNA and the detection of fetal/placental-specific RNAs have made FcNAs to be used for diagnosis of genetic disorders in all pregnancies irrespective of the gender of the fetus in early intrauterine life. It is now possible to detect very small amounts of, and specific mutations in, fetal DNA in the presence of excess non-specific maternal DNA. In oncology, detection and monitoring of tumors are now possible by the detection of tumor-derived FcNAs. In other conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, trauma and stroke FcNAs have been shown to be useful also. In spite of these advances questions regarding the origin and biologic significance of FcNAs remain to be answered. Standardization of methodologies including pre-analytical and analytical aspects will revolutionize the applications of FcNAs in the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases in clinical medicine in the next few years.
Rt-PCR method for diagnosis and follow-up of hematological malignancies: first approach in Bangladesh.
(2008-04-12) Sultana, Tanvira Afroze; Abdul Mottalib, Md; Islam, Sirazul; Khan, Mohiuddin Ahmed; Choudhury, Subhagata
Nested reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) was performed on 58 leukemia patients at BIRDEM Laboratory, as a pioneering work in Bangladesh. Thirty of themwere examined for the presence of BCR-ABL being clinically and morphologically diagnosed as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and 28 for PML-RARalpha fusion transcripts being clinically and morphologically diagnosed as acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL/ AML M3). The cases were selected for targeted therapy with imatinib mesylate and all-Trans retinoic acid (ATRA) to treat CML and APL respectively. Samples were received either before commencement or during therapy. In the positive cases, amplified DNA products were visible after gel electrophoresis and were reported accordingly. In case of BCR-ABL, positive results were found for five out of six (83.33%) untreated cases and 11 out of 24 (45.83%) treated cases. Positive results for PML-RARalpha were found for 12 out of 14 (85.70%) untreated cases and 11 out of 16 (68.75%) treated cases. A strong positive correlation was found between duration of treatment and negativity of PCR results in both the cases. In present times, the detection of minimal residual disease in patients undergoing treatment for hematological malignancies has become an important goal, not only to monitor the effectiveness of therapy but also to detect an impending relapse. This is the first time in Bangladesh that rt-PCR method is being employed to detect or monitor the presence of abnormal fusion genes in hematological malignancies.
Regulation of serum total protein and cholesterol level in cold-exposed rat.
(2008-04-12) Haque, Md Shahidul; Seema, Fahmida Zerin
Serum homocysteine in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.
(2008-04-12) Hoque, Md Mozammel; Bulbul, Tania; Mahal, Monzarin; Islam, Nur-A-Farzana; Ferdausi, Munira
Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are common obstetrical problem causing adverse effects on pregnancy outcome. Large bodies of evidences suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia is a causal factor of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. This study designed to explore the association between hyperhomocysteinemia and pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, the knowledge of which expected to be used for prevention of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. In a case-control study serum homocysteine was measured in 136 controls (healthy pregnant), 84 pre-eclamptic and 120 eclamptic pregnant women. Serum homocysteine in patients with pre-eclampsia (9.54 +/- 3.21 micromol/L) and eclampsia (10.57 +/- 3.39 micromol/L) found to be significantly increased compared to controls (6.86 +/- 2.47 micromol/L) (p < 0.001). Between pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, homocysteine found to be raised more in eclampsia compared to pre-eclampsia (p < 0.03). In conclusion, hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with pre-eclampsia as well as eclampsia, but in eclampsia the severity of homocysteine elevation is more compared to that in pre-eclampsia.
Comparative study of lateral internal sphincterotomy versus local 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate ointment for the treatment of chronic anal fissure.
(2008-04-12) Siddique, Md Ibrahim; Murshed, Khandker Manzoor; Majid, M A
The gold standard surgical treatment of chronic anal fissure is lateral internal sphincterotomy which lowers the resting anal pressure and effectively heals the majority of fissures. Local application of 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate ointment has been used as an agent for chemical sphincterotomy, causing temporary alleviation of sphincter spasm and allowing the fissure to heal without compromising the anal continence. The aim of the present study was to compare the results of surgical sphincterotomy with that of local 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Seventy adult patients between the age of 18 and 50 years with chronic anal fissure were randomized in a prospective trial to receive either surgical sphincterotomy or 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate ointment locally. Patients were followed up at 2 weeks' interval for 10 weeks. Symptom relief, fissure healing and continence scores were the outcomes assessed. Six patients were excluded for protocol violations. Surgical sphincterotomy was significantly more effective in providing pain relief and was associated with significantly better fissure healing rates at 6 weeks and 10 weeks (both p < 0.001). There were substantial problems with compliance in ointment group related to slow healing and longer time needed for symptomatic relief. Minor incontinence was 6% in sphincterotomy group and none in ointment group (p > 0.05). Considering early symptomatic relief, rapid fissure healing and better patient compliance surgical sphincterotomy is the treatment of choice for chronic anal fissure.
Anatomical location and bony reaction in intracranial meningiomas.
(2007-12-12) Hossain, A T M Mosharef; Abu Talha, Kh
A modified formula for defining tissue phantom ratio of photon beams.
(2007-12-12) Alam, M Jahangir; Rabbani, K S; Zakaria, G A; Hussain, S M Akram; Kiber, Adnan; Baig, Tanvir
Tissue phantom ratio (TPR), for square fields of various dimensions has been determined at varying depths in water. The dose in water has been measured at a fixed source-to-surface distance (SSD) of 100 cm and reference depth of 5 cm for 6 MV photon beam of Siemens Linear Accelerator Primus 11 in German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. A modified formula has been developed to calculate the TPR value for isocentric treatment. The present article describes the conversion of the measured data values into a comprehensive and consistent data set by the modified formula, that gives the TPR from Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) with depth as a function of field sizes from 10 mm x 10 mm upto 300 mm x 300 mm) and depth (from 0 mm to 300 mm).
Serum complement (C3, C4) levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction and angina pectoris.
(2007-12-12) Giasuddin, A S M; ElMahdawi, Jamila M; ElHassadi, Fakhri M
Serum complement (C3, C4) levels in Libyan patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI; 31 patients) and angina pectoris (AP; 11 patients) at the 1st day and 7th day of attack were estimated. A group of 26 healthy Libyans were taken as control subjects (CS). Serum C3 and C4 levels (mean +/- SD, mg/dl) were elevated at the 1st day in AMI as well as AP patients (C3 --> AMI1: 154.0 +/- 28.5, AP1: 152.0 +/- 45.0, CS: 132.0 +/- 8.0, ANOVA: p = 0.0072; C4 --> AMII1: 38 +/- 13, AP1: 37 +/- 17, CS: 29 +/- 6, ANOVA: p = 0.0160). No significant differences for the elevated C3 and C4 levels at the 1st day were observed between the two diseases groups (AMI1 vs AP1 --> C3: p = 0.879, C4: p = 0.818). At the 7th day, C3 and C4 levels were further elevated in AMI, while they remained at the similar elevated levels in AP (C3 --> AMI 7: 173.1 +/- 28.0, AP 7: 149.0 +/- 41.0, CS: 132.0 +/- 8.0, ANOVA: p = 0.0000; C4 --> AMI 7: 46.0 +/- 7.0, AP 7: 36.0 +/- 15.0, CS: 29.0 +/- 6.0, ANOVA: p = 0.0000). Again, no significance differences for the raised C3 and C4 levels at the 7th day was observed between AMI and AP patients (AMI 7 vs AP 7 --> C3: P = 0.059, C4: p = 0.06). The C3 elevation showed significant positive correlation in AMI group (r = 0.522, p = 0.003) while it was insignificant in AP patients (r = 0.037, p = 0.915). Regarding C4 levels, it was significantly correlated in AMI (r = 0.483, p = 0.006), and in AP, although it was positively correlated (r = 0.656, P = 0.028) the observed difference was not significant (t = 0.29, p = 0.778). In conclusion, serum C3 and C4 levels were more profoundly elevated in AMI compared to AP patients suggestive of an acute phase and inflammatory response.
Seropositivity and pattern of viral hepatitis in clinically suspected cases of hepatitis in Dhaka city.
(2007-12-12) Rahman, Md Tahminur; Sultana, Rosy; Chowdhury, Sohel Reza
An attempt was made to see the seropositivity and pattern of four common hepatotrophic viruses (HBV, HCV, HEV, HAV) in patients suspected to have been suffering from viral hepatitis. Blood samples from 2,995 cases of suspected HBV infection, 331 from HCV, 155 from HEV and 24 from HAV were tested for these viral markers. Of these a total of 245 (8.1%) were positive for HBsAg, 18 (5.4%) for HCV, 87 (56.1%) for HEV and 8 (33.3%) were positive for HAV infection. The predominant age group affected in HBV is 25-40 years, for HCV > 61 years, HEV 26-50 years and HAV under 11 years. Seropositivity for HBsAg was statistically higher (near double) in males than females (p < 0.05). HCV showed more seropositivity in males than females. HEV showed slight male preponderance and for HAV the female showed preponderance. The seropositivity rate was higher in Bangladesh in comparison to other developed and developing countries.

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