Metabolic Syndrome: Modification of the Fatty Acid Composition and Glucose-insulin Homeostasis.
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Date
2015
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Abstract
Objective: Metabolic syndrome is a widespread disease associated with cardiovascular
pathologies and diabetes mellitus. The underlying mechanisms for development of the metabolic
syndrome are currently being intensively discussed. Contradictory data regarding the role of lipid
metabolism disorders in trigger mechanisms of metabolic syndrome necessitate thorough analysis of the content of fatty acids in plasma and blood cells. The aim of our study was to examine the
content of free and esterified fatty acids and the levels of eicosanoids in metabolic syndrome with
various insulin resistance. We evaluate the role of fatty acids and their metabolites in the
development of metabolic syndrome.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology
and Pathology of Respiration – Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation
Treatment, Russia, 2012-2013.
Materials/Methods: The study involved three groups of volunteers: 15 persons without
components of the metabolic syndrome, 30 patients with metabolic syndrome and the normal
insulin level, 31 patients with metabolic syndrome and diagnosed insulin resistance. We examined
the levels of fasting glucose and glucose content after 2 hours of per oral glucose load, insulin,
total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, eicosanoids. The content
of fatty acids in plasma and erythrocytes was analyzed by gas chromatography. Statistica software
was used for data analysis.
Results: We detect reciprocal changes in the content of plasma and erythrocytes fatty acids in
metabolic syndrome with and without insulin resistance. Such fatty acids as 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3 are
accumulating in plasma, while 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:4n-6 in erythrocytes are in deficiency. The
levels of eicosanoids in metabolic syndrome are elevated.
Conclusion: Our results determined the role of fatty acids and their metabolites in the
development of the metabolic syndrome. We propose the concept of metabolic syndrome
according to which the trigger for the development of the metabolic syndrome is the modification of
the fatty acid composition of blood cells as the result of disorders in their receptor-mediated
transport.
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Keywords
Metabolic syndrome, erythrocyte fatty acid composition, glucose-insulin homeostasis, eicosanoid
Citation
Denisenko Yulia K, Novgorodtseva Tatyana P, Zhukova Natalia V, Gvozdenko Tatyana A, Antonyuk Marina V, Knyshova Vera V, Nazarenko Anna V. Metabolic Syndrome: Modification of the Fatty Acid Composition and Glucose-insulin Homeostasis. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research. 2015; 8(11): 975-987.