Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/151199

ISSN: 2456-8899

Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.journaljammr.com/index.php/JAMMR

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Interactions Calculated between Medications and Enteral Nutrition Using an Updated Protocol in an Elderly Population in the Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital in Central Brazil
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-09) Leite, ELN; Albanezi, DF; Arunachalam, K; Oliveira, RG de.
Introduction: Drug-nutrient interactions refer to alterations in the pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics of a drug due to interactions with physical, chemical, physiological, or pathophysiological factors related to nutrients. Objective: To investigate potential drug-nutrient interactions in patients receiving enteral nutrition admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: This observational, descriptive, retrospective study employed non-probabilistic sampling of elderly patients at a university hospital in Brazil's Central Region. Potential drug-nutrient interactions were identified using the Up To Date® database, with interactions classified by risk level. Results: The study included data from 50 elderly patients, predominantly male (58%), with an average age of 70.6 ± 8.63 years. A total of 75 medications administered via the digestive tract were analyzed, of which 26 (34.66%) were found to have potential interactions according to Up To Date®, resulting in 47 types of pharmacokinetic interactions. Most interactions involved either the food/nutrient reducing the therapeutic effect of the drug or the drug lowering the serum level of the nutrient, accounting for 24 (51.06%) of the interactions. The average number of interactions was higher in deceased patients (1.5 ± 1.64) compared to those who were discharged (1.19 ± 1.44). Statistical analysis using the t-test (95% bilateral confidence interval) showed no significant difference between the groups (p-value > 0.99). Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of monitoring drug-nutrient interactions in ICU patients, as these interactions can potentially have adverse effects on patient outcomes.
Comparative Effectiveness of Different Antiplatelet Regimens in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-08) Mesfin, KH; Obi, MO; Odugunwa, MN; Chilaka, MU; Goswami, R; Iwuagwu, M; Mendha, AA; Mejia, IV; Ehimwenma, N; Aguda, K; Gopal, S; Ohwodo, OF; Waithaka, FW; Ezewudo, O; Azipu, R; Echere, J.
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The accumulation of platelets is central to the development and pathogenesis of ACS, making antiplatelet therapy a cornerstone in its management. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of various antiplatelet therapies in patients with ACS. The methodology for this review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 38 studies from the past decade were included, with articles sourced from Google Scholar and PubMed. The findings indicate that traditional antiplatelet agents, such as aspirin and clopidogrel, have been extensively utilized in the treatment of ACS. Despite their benefits, these agents are limited by a slow onset of action, variable efficacy, and relatively low antiplatelet potency. These limitations have been addressed by the development of newer antiplatelet agents, such as rivaroxaban, ticagrelor, and prasugrel, which offer more potent and predictable platelet inhibition. These novel agents have demonstrated a significant reduction in stent thrombosis, major adverse cardiac or cerebral events (MACCE), and mortality rates in patients with ACS. However, they are associated with an increased risk of severe bleeding in some cases. Another approach, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), which involves the combination of different antiplatelet agents, has shown enhanced safety and efficacy in the management of ACS patients. In conclusion, the effectiveness of antiplatelet therapies is influenced by individual patient characteristics and risk factors. Striking the right balance between reducing the risk of major cardiovascular events and minimizing the potential for severe bleeding remains a critical challenge. Further research is needed to refine our treatment strategies for patients with ACS.
Comparative Efficacy of Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Therapy in Inducing and Maintaining Remission from Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-08) Mirza, MSS; Khan, M; Rahman, MS; Nadeem, A; Anugu, GR; Masmoum, MD; Hameed, Z; Khawar, MH; Mansoor, M.
Background: Anti-TNF agents have emerged not only as inducers of remission but have also shown clinical efficacy in the maintenance of remission in patients suffering from Inflammatory Bowel Disease. However, there is limited quantitative evidence of their effectiveness in Crohn’s Disease. Aim: The current study aims to investigate the relative efficacy of anti-TNF agents in inducing and maintaining remission in Crohn’s Disease, by systematically evaluating efficacy outcomes, such as CDAI, SES-CD, and TEAEs. Methods: A number of digital databases were searched to retrieve relevant literature. This included PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov. The PICOS framework was used to systematically select the data. We used the PRISMA framework to synthesize and report the relevant data. Results: A total of 10 randomized control trials were included in the final sample. Among the anti-TNF agents, adalimumab and infliximab were most frequently used for disease control. Anti-TNF drugs were positively associated with clinical remission OR= 1.31 (95% CI (0.69, 2.10)), p<0.02; improved SES-CD scores (>50% reduction in endoscopic lesions), 1.65 (95% CI (1.44, 1.87)), p<0.0001; sustained CD remission significantly, -25.65 (95% CI (-33.22, -18.07)), p<0.001; and showed a relatively insignificant impact in lowering the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse effects 0.84 (95% CI (0.69, 1.03)), p=0.10. Conclusion: Infliximab and adalimumab should be taken into consideration as first-line alternatives for maintaining remission in Crohn's disease due to their better efficacy and set-up safety profiles.
Evaluation of Sleep Disorders in On-Call Staff of the IGNACE Deen National Hospital (HNID) in Conakry: A Cross-Sectional Study
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-08) Alhousseine, Y; Angeline, T; K.A, TD; El-Mouksitou, A; Moussa, K; Mamadou, B; Angele, NM; Ansoumane, M; Namoudou, C; Hassane, B
Introduction: Sleep disorders in night staff are not well understood and their impact on daily life deserves to be researched. The objective was to study sleep disturbances among on-call staff at the HNID. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional prospective study of a period of 6 months from January 3 to June 30, 2020, involving 320 caregivers and using a self-administered anonymous questionnaire with on-call and on-call staff of the HNID. Results: The frequency of sleep disturbances in our study was 52% (n = 320). The average age of the respondents was 29.43 ± 6.62 years, the most represented age group was 20 to 40 years (93.44%). There was a male predominance with 66% (210) with a sex ratio (M / F) of 1.91. Among our patients 97.5% lived in Conakry and 2.5% outside Conakry. Singles represented 67.81%. The overweight was 32.7%. the average length of rest days was 5.75 ± 2.04 days with a compensatory rest rate of 37%. %. In univariate analysis, a significant relationship was found between sleep disturbances and BMI (P = 0.03), lack of rest after care (P = 0.01), coffee consumption (P = 0.00) as well as the use of the computer in the evening (P = 0.00). Conclusion: Sleep disorders, although very rarely mentioned, are a reality among HNID caregivers. The need to recruit staff to relieve services and sleep hygiene education would be a good track to improve working conditions.
Evaluation of Bond Strength of a Bioactive Adhesive System Associated with Ozonized Water on Enamel Preconditioned with Phosphoric Acid
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-08) Colognese, MRV; Cardoso, PM de F; Furlan, JT; Ueda, JK; Camilotti, V.
Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of ozonated water as a cavity cleaning solution in combination with a bioactive adhesive system on bond strength to enamel, compared to distilled water, after different storage times. Study Design: Experimental in vitro study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of West Parana, Cascavel, Parana, Brazil, between September 2022 and August 2023. Methodology: Bovine anterior teeth were divided into four groups: AD24h (distilled water and 24-hour storage), AO24h (ozonated water and 24-hour storage), AD30D (distilled water and 30-day storage), and AO30D (ozonated water and 30-day storage). After cavity cleaning, a bioactive adhesive system and composite resin were applied. Three bioactive composite resin cylinders were light-cured on each tooth using a LED light device. Microshear bond strength was tested with a testing machine (EMIC) at a speed of 1 mm/min using a 50N load cell. Statistical analysis was performed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05). Results: Ozonated water significantly increased bond strength to enamel after 24 hours (p < 0.05). However, after 30 days, no significant differences in bond strength were observed between ozonated water and distilled water groups. Conclusion: Ozonated water enhances initial bond strength to enamel but its effect diminishes over time. These findings suggest the need for improved adhesion techniques to achieve long-term durability in dental restorations.
Systemic Biomarkers in Predicting Clinical Outcomes among Patients with Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-08) Echere, J; Sayegh, G; Asaju, F; Okafor, EN; Oguntuase, OA; Leukeu, AJ; Adetunji, EOA; Badr, O; Brown, SM; Sultana, S; Azipu, R; Ezewudo, O; Obi, M; Ferguson, F; Gopal, S.
Background: The ability to predict clinical outcomes in Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) could potentially lead to better risk stratification and treatment management. This systematic review aims to evaluate the predictive value of systemic biomarkers on the clinical outcomes among NSTEMI patients. Methods: A comprehensive search across PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus was conducted, adhering to PRISMA Statement 2020 guidelines. Original clinical studies involving NSTEMI patients with measured systemic biomarkers were considered. Keyword combinations included the following: 'NSTEMI', 'systemic biomarkers', 'clinical outcomes', 'major adverse cardiac events', and/or 'mortality. Results: We included 7 studies in total pooling in 863 participants, with biomarkers such as Syntax score, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), and Perforin (P), among others. All systemic inflammation (SI) biomarkers were found significantly elevated in patients with high Syntax scores. ROC values for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) ranged from 0.592 to 0.637, and for overall mortality from 0.524 to 0.761. Monocytic MMP-9 mRNA levels were found increased in patients with NSTEMI (0.9 +/- 0.3 relative units (RU)). Positive correlations were found between cardiac troponin I plasma concentrations and the frequency of Perforin-positive cells during the first week after the NSTEMI. Conclusion: Systemic biomarkers, including Syntax score, NLR, PLR, MMP-9, and Perforin, show potential predictive value for clinical outcomes in NSTEMI patients. Their use could aid in early risk stratification and management. However, more large-scale, multicenter studies are warranted to validate these findings.
The 100 Most Cited Articles on Composite Resin in Dentistry: A Bibliometric Analysis
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-08) Oliveira, EMB de; Torres, A da S; Guimarães, CP de A; Martins, OBL; Torres, M de M; Araújo, CTP de
Aim: This study aimed to carry out a bibliometric review of the 100 most cited articles on composite resin in dentistry. This analysis aims to identify highly recognized publications, map trends, and highlight leading authors and institutions in composite resin research. The review was carried out in the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science database. Study Design: Review article. Methodology: The search was conducted in September 2023 using specific terms. The results were organized in an Excel table, sorted by citation count, and reviewed by two researchers, with a third consulted in case of discrepancies. The sample included publications mentioning composite resin in the title and/or abstract, with no restrictions on study type, year, language, or impact factor. The most cited articles were manually analysed for authors, citation counts, and contributing institutions. This study did not require ethical approval. Results: The initial search identified 20,129 articles. The results revealed a great diversity of studies, with a significant predominance of laboratory research. The prominent presence of author Ferracane and institutions such as Oregon Health & Science University and the University of Munich were highlighted as leaders in scientific production on composite resins. Additionally, a pattern of publications with production peaks in certain years was identified. These findings provide a comprehensive overview of research in this area and highlight the importance of these studies for the advancement of dentistry. Conclusion: The top 100 articles are fundamental to understanding the development of composite resins, although many recent articles may not have been included in the study because they are not among the most cited articles. This review can inspire new research, guiding the directions of future investigations. These results can guide researchers in identifying crucial information, including relevant articles, important journals, and essential.
Fulminant Guillain Barre Syndrome AMSAN Variant Mimicking Brain Death: A Lesson in Persistence
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-08) Somaraj, M; Negi, A; Gopi, R; Stanley, W.
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis. It commonly presents as acute symmetric ascending lower motor neuron palsy which typically occurs about one to three weeks following either a gastrointestinal or upper respiratory tract infection. GBS is termed fulminant when associated with rapid deterioration with flaccid quadriparesis, absent brainstem reflexes, and ventilator requirement. Here, we report a case of a female in her twenties who presented with a history of weakness and sensory loss a few days after recovering from a diarrheal illness. She developed progressive ascending paralysis of her muscles within 24 hours and was intubated anticipating respiratory failure. Initial examination revealed dilated pupils and the presence of ocular movements, as well as bilateral facial nerve involvement. Investigative findings were consistent with GBS and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment was promptly initiated. Despite this, the patient deteriorated further and lost brainstem reflexes and failed to demonstrate spontaneous breaths. EEG indicated a deep coma. We continued with supportive care and physiotherapy and, after approximately 10 days of no initial response, our patient remarkably regained muscle power and sensations. She was eventually weaned off ventilation and has since returned to full functional status. This case report highlights the importance of persistence in treatment despite atypical presentations and initial clinical deterioration. Further, this case of fulminant GBS, AMSAN variant, involving the short ciliary nerve and mimicking brain death is a rare entity in clinical literature.
Emerging Markers and Technologies in Urine Sample Validity for Drug Detection: A Brief Review of Detection Methods and Applications
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-08) Koujan, AA.
Urine sample validity testing is critical in medical diagnostics, forensic investigations, and workplace drug screening to ensure accurate and reliable results. The increasing sophistication of tampering methods, such as adulteration and substitution, necessitates the development of advanced testing techniques. This review explores the latest advancements in urine validity testing, including the integration of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These technologies enhance the detection of novel chemical and biological markers, such as unique metabolite profiles, polyglycole patterns, and DNA methylation markers (e.g., TWIST1 and NID2). The identification of new biomarkers and the application of multi-modal analytical approaches provide comprehensive and sensitive detection of tampering. Future directions in the field focus on refining these technologies, ensuring ethical data handling, and expanding regulatory frameworks to protect privacy and enhance the reliability of testing protocols. The advancements discussed promise significant improvements in the detection and prevention of urine sample tampering, ensuring the integrity of testing processes across various applications.
Ozonated Water Decreases In vitro Contamination at Dental Implant Interface in Different Connections
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-08) Cruz, EJ; Rosado, RB; Suzzin, LT; Freitas, KMS; Uber, AP; Ortiz, MAL; Salmeron, S.
Aim: Cases of peri-implant diseases have increased, highlighting the need for preventive and therapeutic protocols. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ozonated water on In vitro decontamination of implant-abutment interfaces in external hexagon (EH) and morse cone (MC) connections. Study Design: In vitro study. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Periodontics and Implant Dentistry of Ingá University Center – UNINGÁ, between June 2020 and December 2021. Methodology: Twenty-four implant-abutments (IA) in EH (n=12) and MC (n=12) connections were divided into groups: negative control (NC) – sterile IA; positive control (PC) – IA contaminated with biofilm; and ozone (O) – IA contaminated with biofilm and decontaminated with ozonated water (60µg/mL,1min). The effectiveness of ozonated water was evaluated by counting colony-forming units (CFU/mL), and both connection types were compared. Results: There was a significant difference among groups in both connection types, outside and inside the implants (P=0.000). Group O showed a significant decrease in CFU/mL compared to group PC outside and inside the implants for EH and MC connections (P=0.000). Only group O in the EH connection presented a significative difference in CFU/mL compared to outside and inside the implants (2.475x103±0.320 and 1.775x103±0.125, respectively) (P=0.033). Comparison between connections was statistically different for groups PC and O, outside and inside the implants (P=0.000). Conclusion: Ozonated water showed effectiveness in vitro decontamination of implant-abutment interfaces in both connection types.
Direct-Acting Antivirals' Safety Profile in Patients with Advanced Liver Cirrhosis with Hepatitis C: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-06) Khan, SM; Nazmin, F; Ray, R; Hachem, R; Wade, B; Bhinder, MA; Chaudhry, MB; Syed, M; Khan, A; Fatima, E; Ullah, I.
Chronic hepatitis C with cirrhosis is treated with direct-acting antibiotics (DAAs). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of direct-acting antibodies in the treatment of hepatitis C in cirrhosis. It also examines the proportion of drug-related problems, side effects, and mortality. The Cochrane Library and PubMed were thoroughly searched for the required literature. Fifteen articles were extracted for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 16 studies were thoroughly screened. The included studies provided a comprehensive picture of the effects of DAA therapy, spanning multiple study designs and sites Our analysis showed that good responses were observed with DAA regimens and that treatment discontinuation was low due to adverse events a stirring that. Few adverse events were reported, but all were mostly uncontrolled to prevent treatment discontinuation or death. In addition, meta-analytic studies on specific outcomes such as encephalopathy, ascites, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), adverse events, and death provided quantitative analysis about the safety of DAAs. Research also shows that DAAs have fewer side effects, deaths, and complications than other treatments.
The Paradigm of Efficacy of Chemotherapy in Association with Different Adjuvant Treatments for Retinoblastoma: A Systematic Review of Literature
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-08) Luz, AFC; Alves, CF; Costa, TNM; Araujo, RHVS de; Coutinho, IJB; Lima, VHA.
The treatment of retinoblastoma, the most common malignant eye tumour in children, has considerably evolved with the combination of chemotherapy and adjuvant treatments. This study conducted a systematic literature review to analyse the effectiveness of chemotherapy associated with different adjuvant therapies, such as thermotherapy, cryotherapy, and immunotherapy, in controlling retinoblastoma. Through a comprehensive search strategy in electronic databases, relevant studies published to date were identified and selected. The inclusion criteria were rigorously applied to ensure the relevance of the selected articles. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the extracted data revealed patterns and trends regarding the effectiveness of these therapeutic combinations. The results indicated that integrating chemotherapy with adjuvant treatments significantly improved clinical outcomes, promoting better vision preservation and reducing recurrence rates. However, variability in treatment response and the need for an individualised approach were highlighted as fundamental factors for therapeutic success. This systematic review reinforced the importance of a multimodal approach and continuous research to improve therapeutic strategies in the treatment of retinoblastoma, pointing to the need for future investigations that can consolidate and innovate clinical practices in this field.
The Relationship between Depression and Chronic Pain: A Literature Review
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-08) Reis, JT; Silva, IGG; Borges, ACRL; Reis, APTD; Santos, WADM; Benevides, KAMM; Abreu, SAND; Moreno, T; Almeida, JQ; Mangueira, CDM; Vasconcelos, FH; Mariano, WDS; Sampaio, ACM.
Considering the relationship between depression and chronic pain as a crucial aspect of physical and mental health, this study aims to conduct a comprehensive literature review to analyze this association. Depression, a complex psychiatric disorder, is characterized by symptoms such as depressed mood, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and loss of interest in daily activities. On the other hand, chronic pain is a debilitating condition that persists for at least three months, compromising the processing of painful stimuli in the central nervous system. Scientific studies have shown a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain, as well as the presence of chronic pain in individuals with depression, suggesting a possible cause-and-effect relationship. Biopsychosocial mechanisms, including chronic stress and neuroendocrine alterations, are involved in this complex connection. This comorbidity negatively impacts patients' quality of life, requiring comprehensive therapeutic approaches that involve pharmacological treatments, psychotherapeutic interventions, physical therapy, among others. Understanding the interaction between mood disorders and chronic pain is essential to improve clinical approaches and provide greater well-being to affected individuals.
Managing Dual Malaria Infections in Sickle Cell Anemia in Nigeria: A Case Report of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Co-infection
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-08) Orolu, AK; Ogunlade, T.
Introduction: Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) and Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) are the two primary species of parasites that significantly contribute to the global malaria burden. In Nigeria, P. falciparum is predominant, whereas P. vivax is rare due to the protection conferred by the Duffy-negative red blood cell trait. As a result, co-infection of P. falciparum with P. vivax is uncommon. The patterns of malaria prevalence are similar to those of sickle cell anaemia (SCA). And in these malaria-endemic areas, infection with the parasite is the most common trigger for sickle cell crises. Therefore, all suspected cases of malaria in SCA should be confirmed through parasite-based diagnostic testing to ensure accurate diagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment. Presentation of Case: An 18-year-old Nigerian male, with SCA presented with fever and mild generalized body pains. Nil history of travel. A positive microscopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for both P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria necessitated the use of artemisinin-based combination therapy. Oral primaquine was used for radical clearance of the remaining dormant forms of P. vivax in the liver, thus preventing recurrent infections. Treatment was tailored for both malaria and SCA-related complications. He responded to treatment with no significant adverse effects. Discussion: The accurate and rapid identification of P. vivax in a P. falciparum-endemic region, facilitated the radical clearance of P. vivax. This is particularly important in SCA, as malaria significantly increases morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: There is need for increased awareness among clinicians regarding the possible diagnosis of mixed Plasmodium spp. infections in SCA.
Heart Failure: Causes, Symptoms, and Management Strategies
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-08) Chaudhry, R; Mahmood, A; Ullah, I; Urra, EP; Masmoum, MD; Atif, A; Cabrera, LH; Ahmed, H.
Cardiac failure (HF) is a multifaceted clinical center described by the incapacity of a heart to sufficiently pump blood leading to inefficient perfusion of tissues. It has two main categories that are represented by ejection fraction: Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF), or Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF). The following review is a summary of research on the diverse causes, symptoms as well as management approaches involved in heart failure. Heart disorder comes about as a result of the following factors: coronary artery disease, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart diseases, arrhythmias, and congenital heart defects the main symptoms include shortness of breath, weariness/tiredness, and swelling of the feet among others. Management strategies cover lifestyle modifications, medicines using treatment (e.g. diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers), and further treatments like cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) consisting of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) along with mechanical circulatory support (MCS); however, there is also heart transplant aside them.’ Future progression in genetic treatment gene therapy, as well as stem cell study, sounds promising over improving results obtained from HF treatment.
Local Effect of Metformin Gel (1%) as an Adjuvant in the Periodontal Treatment of Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus with Periodontitis: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-08) Ferreira, BF; Fedrigo, K; Brescovitt, AL; Stroparo, JVS; Takahashi, B; Teixeira, AS; Lovera, D; Oliveira, SMM de; Toyoama, G; Nassar, CA; Nassar, PO.
Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 1% metformin gel administered locally as an adjunct to basic periodontal treatment in patients with periodontitis at different stages, with type II diabetes mellitus, who were using oral metformin. Study Design: This is a randomized, parallel, double-blind, clinical and laboratory-based clinical study. Place and Duration of Study: It was carried out from April 2022 to March 2023. Study carried out in Cascavel-PR, Brazil. Methodology: Total of 39 patients were evaluated, divided into two groups, CM (n=20): Periodontal therapy with an association of 1% metformin gel and SM (n=19): Periodontal therapy with placebo gel association. The patients were evaluated at 0, 3 and 6 months, through the following exams: clinical exams (clinical probing depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment loss and plaque index), hematological exams (fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, creatinine and total cholesterol and fractions) and collection of gingival crevicular fluid for evaluation of IL-17 by means of the ELISA test and to determine the amount of fluid absorbed (mm2). Results: Both groups significantly reduced the amount of plaque, bleeding on probing and the amount of gingival crevicular fluid in mm2 (p<0.05) while CPD (clinical probing depth) was significantly reduced (p<0.05) only in the CM group. When evaluating the different probing depths, pockets <5 and ? 5 mm reduced significantly (p<0.05) in the CM group, while in the SM group, only pockets <5 mm were significantly reduced. The results of the hematological exams did not show statistical difference in this period and the same occurred with the amount of IL-17 present in the gingival crevicular fluid. Conclusion: According to the results obtained in the present study, the local application of 1% metformin gel in patients with PD and type II DM was effective when associated with basic periodontal treatment over periodontal clinical parameters, compared to the placebo gel.
The 100 Most Cited Articles on Glass Ionomer Cement: A Bibliometric Analysis
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-08) Torres, A da S; Martins, OBL; Mendes, BD; Melo, CC de; Silva, BC da; Torres, M de M; Araújo, CTP de
Aims: This bibliometric review aimed to rank, examine, and present the 100 most cited publications in the literature on glass ionomer cement, in order to evaluate the progress of scientific production and thus contribute to future studies. Study Design: Bibliometric review. Methodology: A search using MESH terms was performed in the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science database. Two independent authors selected the 100 most cited articles. There were no restrictions regarding the study design, year of publication, language or journal impact factor of the manuscripts. The year of publication, authors, citation count, periodicals, keywords, contributing institution, country, among other details, were extracted from the articles included. Results: The initial search identified 5,186 articles. Among the 100 most cited articles selected, the author with the highest number of publications was Frencken JE. The most cited article, by Wiegand A et al. in 2007, had a total of 547 citations. The oldest manuscript was published in 1977 by Forsten L. The University of Manchester and Medical College of Georgia led the list of institutions. The country with the highest number of publications was the USA. The top journals were Dental Materials leading the ranking, followed by the Journal of Dental Research and the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. The most used keywords in this list were: fluoride release, glass-ionomer cements, glass-ionomer cement. The years with the highest concentration of publications were between 1998 and 2003. Conclusion: This analysis reinforces the importance of periodic reviews and updates in the literature, promoting the dissemination of knowledge and the continuous advancement in dental materials science.
Transabdominal Versus Transvaginal Sono-elastography, which is More Valuable in GI-RADS Classification of Different Adnexal Masses?
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-08) Shams, HI; Darwish, AEN; sabri, NM; Reda, AM
Background: Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death in women, accounting for a wide range of histological diagnoses. Ultrasound is frequently the first-line imaging modality for evaluating masses because it is widely available, inexpensive, and noninvasive, with no radiation hazards. The Current Study Aimed: To assess the diagnostic performance of trans-vaginal versus trans-abdominal sono-elastography in Gynecologic Imaging Reporting and Data System (GIRADS) of adnexal masses and detect cut-off values for malignancy in both methods. The current study enrolled 40 females, during the period from October 2022 to the end of January 2023, after approval of ethical committee of our institution. Results: Forty female patients were enrolled in this study, their ages ranged from 28 to 72 years old, with mean± SD (48.6 ± 12.96). Distribution of GI-RADS scores of the studied cases was as follows; GI-RADS III was in (12 patients; 75%) and, less commonly IV in (4 patients; 25%), while malignant masses were mainly of GI-RADS V that was noted in (20 patients; 83.2%) and less commonly IV in (4 patients; 16.8%). A statistically significant correlation was detected in the present study between the GI-RADS score and the transabdominal sono-elastography and transvaginal sono-elastography with, (p-value=0.002*), (p-value=0.001*) respectively. Conclusions: Trans-vaginal elastography has higher diagnostic performance than trans-abdominal (TA) elastography in assessment of adnexal masses, with malignancy cut-off values were, strain ratio (SR) of trans-abdominal elastography were 3.85, and for trans-vaginal (TV) were 4.75.
Women’s Utilization of Delivery Facilities and Their Satisfaction with Care: An Observational Study in Ondo State, South West Nigeria
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-08) Irinyenikan, TA; Folarin, BJ; Sani, I; Adeyemo, M; Gbala, MO.
Introduction: Women patronize different delivery outlets for various reasons putting them at risk of complications. It is important to assess their satisfaction with the care they receive when visiting any of these delivery outlets to further help programming that will enhance health facility utilization, which is the aim of this study. Materials and Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design to recruit 423 women from the two complexes of the University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital and some selected Communities in Ondo State between July and December 2023. Information on the participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, obstetrics characteristics among others were obtained through semi-structured questionnaires administered by trained research assistants. Data obtained was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22. Chi-Square test (X2) was used to find the associations between the participants characteristics and their satisfaction with the care they received and their willingness to recommend the facilities for delivery. Multi-variable Logistic regression was used to determine variables that can predict their satisfaction with care and the level of significance set at p< 0.05. Results: Out of the 423 participants, a total of 392 (92.7%) were satisfied with the care they received irrespective of where they delivered, 4 (0.9%) were not satisfied and 27 (6.4%) preferred to be neutral. Among the participants, 398(94.1%) were willing to recommend health facilities for delivery. The obstetrics characteristics significantly associated with being satisfied with care were prior antenatal clinic attendance (X2=55.701, p=0.000), mode of previous delivery (X2=19.262, p=0.004), complications following delivery (X2=23.968, p=0.001), and having had up to two delivery at the facility (X2=20.943, p=0.002). Conclusion: There is a high satisfaction with care and willingness to recommend health facilities for delivery among the participants. This is probably due to the efforts of government to enhance health facility utilization through the exemption of users’ fees for maternity in a bid to reducing maternal mortality in Ondo State. However, efforts still need to be put in place for continuous assessment of the quality of care provided in our health facilities.
Adolescent Substance Abuse in the Post-COVID Era: A Review of Emerging Trends and Prevention Strategies
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-08) Owolabi, A; Rabiat, OE.
Aim: This study aims to review the emerging trends in adolescent substance abuse in the post-COVID era and evaluate effective prevention strategies tailored to these evolving challenges. Study Design: A comprehensive review of recent data and research on adolescent substance abuse trends and prevention strategies during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Place and Duration of Study: The study encompasses global data from the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 to the present, focusing on adolescents' mental health and substance use patterns. Methodology: The study involved an extensive literature review of peer-reviewed journals, reports from health organizations, and data from national surveys. It analyzed the impact of pandemic-related factors such as lockdowns, social distancing, remote learning, and increased screen time on adolescent mental health and substance use. Additionally, the effectiveness of school-based, community, and family-based prevention programs was evaluated. Results: The review identified increased use of marijuana, prescription drugs, synthetic substances, and alcohol among adolescents. Mental health issues, exacerbated by prolonged isolation and disrupted routines, significantly contributed to substance use. Digital platforms emerged as new channels for substance access and exposure. Effective prevention strategies included school-based programs like Life Skills Training and Project ALERT, community initiatives such as Communities That Care, and family-based approaches like the Strengthening Families Program. Conclusion: The post-COVID era has introduced unique challenges to adolescent substance abuse prevention. Effective strategies must integrate mental health support, digital literacy education, and targeted interventions for high-risk groups. By adapting to evolving trends and leveraging comprehensive, multi-faceted approaches, we can enhance adolescent well-being and mitigate the impact of substance abuse.

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