Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research
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ISSN: 2456-8899
Frequency: Quarterly
Language: English
Open Access Peer-reviewed journal
Web site: https://www.journaljammr.com/index.php/JAMMR
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Item Oral Pathologies Related to Major Mental Disorders: An Integrative Review(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Santos, GMF; Fonseca, LEO; Claudino, VM; Isolan, CP; Dietrich, L.Aims: This study aimed to analyze, through an integrative literature review, the relationship between oral diseases and major mental disorders, in order to identify interdisciplinary strategies for comprehensive healthcare. Study Design: Integrative literature review. Place and Duration of Study: The review was conducted at the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Brazil, between December 2024 and April 2025. Methodology: A bibliographic search was carried out using the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. The descriptors used were “Mental Disorder”, “Oral Health”, “Mental Health” and “Dental Care”. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 26 studies were selected for analysis. Data were categorized according to study design, mental disorders addressed, oral manifestations, and proposed interventions. Results: Cross-sectional studies were the most prevalent (n=12), followed by narrative reviews (n=7), systematic reviews (n=6), and one cohort study. Studies published between 1990 and 2024 were found. The most frequently reported mental disorders included depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Common oral health conditions associated with these disorders were xerostomia, mucosal lesions, dental caries, and periodontal diseases. Proposed interventions included preventive measures, artificial saliva use, restorative treatments, and oral health education actions. The findings suggest a strong association between mental health conditions and oral pathologies, often exacerbated by medication effects, lack of self-care, and limited access to dental services. Conclusion: The review highlighted a scarcity of clinical approaches specifically targeted at individuals with mental disorders. This indicates the need for public policies and integrated therapeutic strategies that address the biopsychosocial needs of this population. Strengthening the connection between mental health and dentistry is essential for promoting inclusive and effective practices aimed at comprehensive care and reducing health disparities.Item Previous Clinical-epidemiological Profile of Patients With Neuropsychiatric Disorders in a Private Clinic of Northern Brazil, in The Eastern Amazon (2011-2012)(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Lima, VHA; Costa, CAS; Topfer, ACS; Anaisse, MW; Oliveira, SFS de; Pinto, YMR; Sousa, DS de; Costa, DL; Matos, KRC.Mental disorders are serious clinical and public health problems, in need of academic and scientific monitoring that might better help understand the problem and propose effective solutions and actions. This study aims to verify the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with various mental disorders treated by a private clinic in the city of Belém, in Pará, in the eastern amazon, in the period between 2011 and 2012, through a quantitative approach. We analyzed 271 records from Neuropsychiatric sector. The results show that 65% of patients are women, predominantly in the age group between 36 and 40 years (14%). Among the drugs administered, antidepressants (50%) and anxiolytics (23%) stood out, and the most common groups of pathologies are F40-F48 (51%), and F30-39 (37%). It was concluded that the observed clinical-epidemiological profile is peculiar, presenting some points in common with studies carried out in other Brazilian regions and the in-depth analysis of the presented results can contribute to the planning and success of Public Policies in Mental Health, as it provides data that enable changes in management and care, in order to improve the mental health of this state.Item Prevalence of Deep Neck Flexor Weakness and Deep Neck Extensor Tightness in College-going Students Suffering from Cervicogenic Headache(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Pal, TK; Chaudhuri, S; Basak, T.Background: Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is generated from the upper three cervical vertebrae, which generally cause dull, achy pain in the head. It lasts one hour to one week. It estimates 15% to 20% of all headache disorders. College students are more addicted to smartphones due to internet addiction and online education. They are more prone to develop cervicogenic headache due to anomaly in the upper cervical vertebrae. In the previous studies it has been found people suffering from cervicogenic headache have alteration in strength in deep neck flexors and they develop trigger points in deep neck extensors. Although the assessment of deep neck flexors strength and deep neck extensor tightness is done in other studies separately. But to the best of our knowledge, no studies have exposed the correlation between the prevalence of both deep neck flexor weakness and deep neck extensor tightness in an individual suffering from cervicogenic headache in Kolkata. So, there is a greater need to find the prevalence of Deep neck flexor weakness and Deep neck extensor tightness in college-going students suffering from cervicogenic Headache. Methodology: A Cross-Sectional Survey study was conducted among 300 college students within the age group of 18 to 30 years. Participants were assessed for smartphone addiction using smartphone addiction scale (SAS), which is a 1-6 point scale containing 48 questions related to smartphone addiction. Participants scored above 40% out of 288 are included in the study. The participants were assessed for deep neck extensor (DNE) tightness for both left and right suboccipital musculature using pain pressure threshold algometry (PPT) and for deep neck flexor (DNF) strength using pressure biofeedback stabilizer (PBS). The obtained data were analysed using descriptive statistics of Mean, Standard deviations, Minimum and Maximum values of continuous data and frequency and percentage values of nominal and ordinal data. The statistical package for the social science SPSS trial version 27 was used for data analysis. The correlation between the left DNE with DNF and right DNE with DNF is established using Pearson correlation test. Results: The Pearson correlation for DNF with right DNE was positive, 1 for DNF and 0.074 for right DNE. The Pearson correlation for DNF with left DNE was negative, 1 for DNF and -0.093 for left DNE. Discussion: The aim of the present study was to find the Prevalence of Deep neck flexor weakness and Deep neck extensor tightness in college-going smartphone addicted students suffering from cervicogenic headache and to find the correlation between deep neck flexors weakness with right and left deep neck extensor tightness. The study was cross-sectional survey type, which found positive correlation for deep neck flexor weakness with right deep neck extensor tightness and negative correlation for deep neck flexor with left deep neck extensor tightness, which gave us an idea regarding text neck syndrome in smartphone addicts due to which the more right handedness right deep neck extensor tightness have positive correlation with deep neck flexor weakness. Conclusion: This study signifies that deep neck flexor weakness and right deep neck extensor tightness and trigger point formation is having a positive correlation. It means deep neck flexor weakness may lead the formation of trigger point formation at right deep neck extensor muscles.Item Prevalence and Clinical Features of Abdominal Migraine in Children: A Systematic Review(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Suliman, O; Mahjoub, E; Abutwaimah, J; Abutwaimah, A; Alhusayni, M; Albader, D; Elmagid, AA; Elmagid, RA; Elmagid, RA; Altom, S.Background: Abdominal migraine is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of abdominal pain with migraine features, predominantly affecting children. Despite increasing recognition, its prevalence and clinical characteristics remain underexplored and frequently misunderstood. Objective: To systematically review the literature on the prevalence and clinical features of abdominal migraine in children. Methods: A structured search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for articles published between 2000 and 2024. Inclusion criteria were peer- reviewed studies involving children (<18 years) that reported on the prevalence and/or clinical presentation of abdominal migraine. Exclusion criteria included case reports, non-English articles, and studies focused on other types of headaches or secondary gastrointestinal disorders. The review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for systematic reporting. Results: A total of 34 studies met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of abdominal migraine among pediatric populations ranged from 1% to 9%, with variation depending on diagnostic criteria and study population. The condition predominantly affects school- aged children, with a slight female predominance. Key clinical features include midline or periumbilical abdominal pain, associated nausea, vomiting, pallor, and headache. Many children also have a personal or family history of migraines. Diagnostic challenges persist due to symptom overlaps with other gastrointestinal disorders and variability in awareness among clinicians. Conclusion: Abdominal migraine is an underdiagnosed but significant cause of recurrent abdominal pain in children. Recognition of its characteristic features and use of standardized diagnostic criteria are essential for timely diagnosis and management. Further epidemiological studies are needed to clarify its true prevalence and natural history.Item Impact of Grass Surface Walking on Dynamic Balance in Individuals with Chronic Stroke(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Sharma, S; Mehta, S.Background: Impaired dynamic balance is a common consequence of chronic stroke, often limiting mobility and increasing fall risk. Traditional rehabilitation typically involves training on flat, stable surfaces, which may not adequately simulate real-world conditions. Incorporating walking on natural grass may offer a functional and effective way to enhance postural control and balance recovery. Aims: To evaluate the impact of grass surface walking program on improving dynamic balance in individuals with chronic stroke. Place and Duration of Study: Out-Patient Department, Kanishka Physiocare Physiotherapy Centre, Jaipur, between October 2024 and March 2025. Methodology: Study was conducted with 20 chronic stroke survivors, all were adults aged between 50-70 years, diagnosed with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke at least six months before recruitment (chronic phase), ability to walk independently with or without assistive devices (Functional Ambulation Category ?3), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ?24 (to ensure cognitive ability to follow instructions), and medically stable and cleared for physical activity by a physician. ‘Participants were divided equally into two groups’: the experimental group underwent a 4-week grass walking intervention, while the control group received routine physiotherapy. Dynamic balance was assessed pre- and post-intervention using the ‘Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test and the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI)’. Statistical analysis included ‘paired t-tests and group comparisons’, with significance set at ‘P < 0.05’. Results: This study included a total of 20 participants (10 in each group), with equal distribution of gender (5 males and 5 females per group). The mean age was comparable between groups — 62.5 years in the Grass Walking group and 62.7 years in the Control group. The grass walking group saw a notable decrease in TUG scores (mean reduction from 22.11s to 17.20s, P = 0.000) and a marked improvement in DGI scores (mean increase from 14.4 to 18.4, P = 0.000). In contrast, the control group exhibited minimal changes in both TUG and DGI, which, although statistically significant due to low variability, were not clinically meaningful. Conclusion: Walking on a natural grass surface significantly enhances ‘dynamic balance and functional gait’ in individuals with chronic stroke. Incorporating grass surface into rehabilitation programs may offer a cost-effective, practical, and functionally relevant strategy for improving post-stroke mobility outcomes.Item Single Bone Metastasis of a Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix: In the Clavicle(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Chahbounia, I; Poudiougou, A; Omri, SE; Sella, I; Antari, A; Sano, F; Taleb, I; Traoré, H; Saad, MA; Slimani, KA; Aalaoui, L; Lamine, S; Debbagh, A; Khmamouche, MR; Elm’hadi, C; Mahfoud, T; Mokhlis, MA; Sbitti, Y; Ichou, M; Errihani, H; Tanz, R.Cervical cancer occurs around the age of 40-45, and can be localized or metastatic. Metastatic sites vary: lymph nodes, lungs and other sites. Bone metastases are uncommon, and require histological study to confirm their secondary nature, especially in the case of unusual localizations. Case report: we report the case of a young patient followed since 2022 for a moderately differentiated, infiltrating and keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, classified IIb, treated with concomitant radio-chemotherapy. In early 2024, a surveillance thoraco-abdomino-pelvic CT scan showed a mixed lesion of the sternal end of the left clavicle. A PET-FDG scan showed an intense, heterogeneous, hypermetabolic condensing lesion. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis: bone localization of a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was treated with chemotherapy, followed by surgery and local radiotherapy. Conclusion: a clavicular metastasis of a cervical cancer represents a rare entity, especially in the presence of a single secondary lesion, with no other metastases elsewhere.Item Assessment of the Incidence of LBP among Nurses Working at Level 5 Hospitals in Kiambu County(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Wanja, A; Jivraj, N; Nkoroi, B.Pain serves as an unconscious warning to prevent injury, and LBP (low back pain) is a common issue occurring below the 12th rib and above the gluteal folds. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 report identified LBP as a major musculoskeletal condition, accounting for 7.4% of years lived with disability. Despite its preventability, nurses continue to experience LBP, sometimes progressing to chronic stages. This study informs policies emphasizing prevention. Analytical cross-sectional design was used, involving nurses from accident/emergency, ICU, obstetrics/gynecology, medical/surgical, outpatient, pediatrics, renal units, and operating theatres. Participants were selected based on willingness and inclusion criteria. Data was collected via self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, proportions, percentages) were used, with a p-value of ?0.05 considered significant. Associations were examined using the Chi-square test. Ethical approvals were obtained from Mount Kenya University Ethics and Research Committee, Kiambu County research and training committee, NACOSTI, and participating hospitals. Informed consent was obtained before questionnaire administration. Findings showed a statistical significance level (Sig.) of .000 for all test items, indicating a meaningful association between assessed factors and LBP incidence among nurses. The study highlights the multifaceted nature of LBP causes, stressing the need for policy implementation, resource allocation, and support systems in healthcare. Strategies should address heavy workloads, particularly patient handling, by ensuring adequate staffing and training in safe lifting. Additionally, developing individual health and fitness plans through education on lifting techniques, regular breaks, and wellness programs is crucial in mitigating LBP among nurses.Item Applicability and Validation of Educational Technologies for Teaching in Health Courses with an Emphasis on mobile Applications: A Review(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Bayer, NEK; Silva, GS da; Bellani, WAG de O; Capinski, SRG; Prado, MRM.This review aimed to gather current evidence on the applicability of educational technologies in the health field, with an emphasis on mobile applications, as well as the methods used for their validation. The advancement of digital technologies has positively impacted the training of health students and professionals by facilitating access to information and promoting the development of clinical competencies. Mobile applications (m-Health) stand out as complementary tools in education, supporting active learning and evidence-based decision-making. However, the rapid expansion of these resources poses important challenges, such as the need for regulation, usage safety, and scientific validation. This review sought to answer the following questions: (1) What are the main applications of mobile educational technologies in health education? and (2) What methods have been used to validate these tools? To address these questions, the review identified validation methodologies such as the Delphi method, expert panel analysis, and the Content Validity Index (CVI), considered effective strategies to ensure the reliability and effectiveness of the applications. The integration between active teaching methodologies and mobile technologies is also emphasized as essential for a more interactive educational experience, aligned with the current generation of students. The review includes studies conducted in different countries, giving the work a global scope. Nevertheless, barriers related to accessibility and content adaptation persist. It is concluded that mobile applications in health education must undergo rigorous validation processes to ensure pedagogical effectiveness and contribute to the training of professionals better prepared for the challenges of clinical practice.Item Bardet Biedl Moon Syndrome: A Rare Case with Multi-organ Manifestations Presenting as Renal Failure(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Srinivas, R; N, GR; G, B.Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathy. We report a 20-year-old male with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) requiring hemodialysis, diagnosed with BBS exhibiting all six primary diagnostic features. The patient had childhood-onset hypertension (age 12) and congenital renal anomalies (bilateral hydroureteronephrosis, cortical cysts), culminating in ESKD by age 20. Additional manifestations included polydactyly, retinitis pigmentosa, central obesity, intellectual impairment, and hypogonadism. Management involved hemodialysis, antibiotics for E. coli UTI, and hormonal therapy. This case highlights BBS as a critical cause of early-onset renal failure, underscoring the need for antenatal screening in high-risk families and multidisciplinary management of progressive nephropathy.Item Comparative Evaluation of Pentoxifylline Combined with Glutathione Versus Prednisolone in the Management of Alcoholic Hepatitis: A Prospective Longitudinal Study(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) S, SF; Sunil, S; Banu, S; Nair, K; Babu, B; Dharan, SS.Background: Chronic alcohol use leads to Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) which mainly include Liver Cirrhosis, a condition that causes scarring in the liver tissues ultimately results in decompensated conditions. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, also decreases the production of TNF-?, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12. Most commonly given dose is 400mg for adults. Steroid mainly Prednisolone represent most widely accepted therapy for severe ALD. It act by reducing cytokine production, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8. Administration of oral dose of Prednisolone with dose 40-60mg/day for a total duration of 4 weeks. Glutathione plays a critical role in the maintenance of cell function and viability. Methods: A Prospective longitudinal study contains total of 43 patients, 23 patients in group A (Pentoxifylline + Glutathione) and 20 patients in group B (Pentoxifylline + Prednisolone) was evaluated for a period of 6 months consist of data collection and follow-up using structured performa. Results: A total of 42 patients were analyzed during the study. Alcoholic Hepatitis was found to be mostly affect the age group of 41 to 50 years and the mean age group was found to be 47.7 + 10.5 for group A and 48.1 + 8.3 for group B. Efficacy of given drugs was assessed by laboratory parameters and study tools. The p value for most of the parameters such as Liver Function Test, Hemoglobin, INR showed high significance in group A than group B. Study tools such as Maddrey Discriminant Function score, Model for End Stage Liver Disease score, Child Pugh score, Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire showed equal high significance in both groups. Safety was determined by development of adverse events, group A had less incidence of adverse events when compared to group B. Conclusion: Pentoxifylline plus Glutathione combination has a better treatment outcome when compared to Pentoxifylline plus Prednisolone combination. Both the study drugs are equally effective in improving the Liver parameters but, more efficacy and safety were shown by group A drugs (Pentoxifylline + Glutathione). It also improved the quality of life who suffered from severe complication of Alcoholic Hepatitis such as Ascites, Jaundice, Hepatic Encephalopathy etc.Item Immediate Effect of Manual Trigger Point Release Versus Post Isometric Relaxation Technique among College Students with Trapezitis: A Comparative Study(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Nagulkar, J; Mehta, S.Background: Trapezitis is an inflammation of trapezius muscle leading to pain, where it is present even during rest and will be aggravated by activity, inflammation in the muscle causes spasm and tightness of trapezius muscle. Trapezitis is one of the common inflammatory conditions seen among college students due to prolonged faulty posture, overuse, stressful neck movement, etc. Students with trapezitis usually complain of pain, decreased range of motion and difficulty in activities of daily living. Its prevalence is maximum in females with middle age and less common in males with is fluctuating with mean point prevalence of 13% and neck pain occurs usually in upper trapezius muscle. Aim: To study the immediate effect of manual trigger point release versus post-isometric relaxation technique in college students with trapezitis. Study Design: Experimental Comparative Study. Sample Size: n=18 and the group allocation was done by using simple random sampling by chit method. Place and Duration of Study: Dr. Ulhas Patil college of Physiotherapy, Jalgaon. 6 months duration. Methodology: A comparative study was conducted on 18 college students. Subjects were selected according to inclusion & exclusion criteria of study. Prior to starting the study the procedure was explained and written Consent forms were taken from subjects. Trapezius trigger point assessed by using palpation method. The patient will be allocated into two groups using simple random sampling by chit method i.e., Group A subjects will receive manual trigger point release and Group B subjects will receive post isometric relaxation technique. The outcome measures NPRS & Cervical ROM by using goniometer will be measured at baseline and immediately after treatment. Statistical analysis was carried out using paired t test and unpaired t-test. Results: The statistical analysis showed that there is a significant increase in the cervical range of motion and a significant reduction in the pain scores in both the groups (p<0.0001). However, intergroup analysis showed that group A is much more effective in improving cervical range of motion and reducing pain scores. Conclusion: The present study concluded that manual trigger point release is more immediately effective than post-isometric relaxation technique in college students with trapezitis.Item Percutaneous Chevron and Akin (PECA) Osteotomy for Bilateral Hallux Valgus: A Case Report and Literature Review(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Batista, RR; Rodrigues, ERS da S; Resende, LF de O; Zica, MEC; Santos, GM; Carvalho, RF de S; Delevedove, LR; Vasconcelos, JB; Trindade, AMV da.Background: Hallux valgus, the lateral angulation of the big toe toward the lesser toes—commonly known as a bunion—is a complex foot deformity that can be considered in three planes: frontal, transverse, and sagittal. Coronal plane deformity, characterized by pronation of the first metatarsal, is present in up to 87% of individuals with hallux valgus. Its etiology is multifactorial, with clinical manifestations typically occurring between the third and fifth decades of life in approximately 65% of the population. Aims: This article aims to report a case of percutaneous surgical treatment of hallux valgus in a young patient with bilateral symptoms, highlighting the surgical technique employed, the clinical and radiographic outcomes, and discussing, based on current scientific literature, the indications, advantages, and limitations of the percutaneous approach compared to traditional open techniques. Presentation of Case: A 34-year-old female patient presented with bilateral pain and a bony prominence along the medial border of both feet, with symptom onset approximately two years prior. The discomfort was associated with difficulty wearing closed shoes and aesthetic concerns. Radiographic evaluation prior to surgery revealed an intermetatarsal angle (IMA) of 13° and a metatarsophalangeal angle (MPA) of 14°, indicating a moderate to severe deformity. The patient underwent bilateral percutaneous Chevron and Akin osteotomies (PECA) in early 2025. The procedure was uneventful. Postoperative radiographs demonstrated significant correction, with the IMA reduced to 7° and the MPA to 1°, confirming satisfactory anatomical alignment. Regarding pain, the patient reported a preoperative Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score of 8, which decreased substantially to 1 within the first postoperative week, indicating excellent pain control. Postoperatively, the patient initiated protected weight-bearing using a Barouk sandal during the first week. Full weight-bearing was allowed after one week, with painless and progressive recovery. Discussion: Hallux valgus, commonly referred to as a bunion, is a foot deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the hallux and medial deviation of the first metatarsal. It is frequently associated with pain, discomfort when wearing footwear, and functional limitations. The condition has a multifactorial etiology, with a higher prevalence among older women. Initial management typically involves conservative treatment, including orthotics, physical therapy, and footwear modifications. However, when conservative measures fail, surgical correction becomes indicated. In recent years, minimally invasive techniques such as percutaneous Chevron and Akin (PECA) have gained prominence due to their favorable outcomes. Compared to conventional open procedures, the PECA technique offers several advantages, including smaller incisions, reduced soft tissue trauma, faster recovery, lower postoperative pain levels, and fewer wound complications. Nonetheless, successful outcomes depend on appropriate patient selection, precise surgical planning, and adequate surgeon training, as the learning curve for minimally invasive techniques can be steep. This case is particularly relevant as it involves a young patient, a demographic less frequently discussed in the current literature, which typically focuses on older populations. Conclusion: The success of this procedure was attributed to accurate indication, meticulous surgical planning, and the surgeon’s proficiency with the percutaneous technique. This case also reinforces the importance of health education, both for patients—who must be informed about their therapeutic options—and for medical professionals, who need continuous updates on advances, benefits, and limitations of minimally invasive techniques for hallux valgus correction. Sharing this case contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the PECA technique as a safe, effective, and less invasive alternative to traditional approaches. Furthermore, it demonstrates how this method can result in excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes, even in younger patients, with significant pain reduction and rapid postoperative recovery.Item A Study of the Prevalence of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Young Adults in Jaipur, India(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Gupta, V; Verma, S; Tiwari, M; Shekhawat, DS.Context: In 2017, one in seven Indians was affected by varying severity of mental disorders, especially impacting the young population and leading to decreased productivity and increased suicide rates among young adults in India. Aims: To find out the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression in students and working professionals in the age group 18 to 30 years in Jaipur. Settings and Design: A Google form was distributed using WhatsApp and Gmail to conduct a survey study. Methods and Materials: The survey research was carried out using a Google form containing a DASS 21 scale questionnaire, which was distributed to young people aged 18 to 30, males and females, in different areas of Jaipur. Data from 382 participants was gathered through Google form and entered into Google Sheets. The data was then manually computed to determine individual scores for stress, anxiety, and depression based on the DASS-21 Scale scoring. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical analysis was conducted separately for stress, anxiety, and depression to calculate the prevalence percentage. Results: The prevalence observed for Depression was 48.57% with the mean DASS-21 depression score of 6.30±4.77, Anxiety was found to be 58.11% with the mean anxiety score of 6.89±4.25 and Stress was 25.39% with the mean stress score of 7.01±4.05. Conclusions: The research findings indicate that young adults are experiencing a decline in their mental well-being, as evidenced by elevated levels of anxiety and depression compared to stress. Additionally, it is crucial to tackle these mental health issues in these individuals and recommend comprehensive treatment.Item Clinical Impact of Treatment Modalities for Zygomatic Fractures on Infraorbital Nerve Sensory Recovery: A Cross-sectional Observational Study(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Almeida, RS de; Magesty, RA; Souza, GM de; Souza, MRF; Brum, EMG; Coêlho, PA; Falci, SGM.Background: Lesions of the infraorbital nerve are common sequelae of zygomatic complex fractures, significantly compromising patients' quality of life. This study aimed to identify the most effective treatment method for zygomatic fractures, minimizing sequelae such as persistent numbness, which can significantly affect patients' quality of life. To this end, conservative and surgical approaches and one- and two-point fixation techniques were compared, considering the influence of fracture location on neurosensory and functional prognosis. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluated the medical records of patients with zygomatic complex fractures. The sample consisted of all medical records of patients from the Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys treated for zygomatic complex fractures between January 2016 and December 2018, evaluating sensory recovery over a 12 months follow-up. Results: 126 medical records were evaluated, with 147 facial fractures, of which zygomatic complex fractures had the highest incidence (31.29%). Most patients were male, with a mean age of 42.5 years. The primary etiology was traffic accidents. In zygomatic complex fractures, the most common signs and symptoms were altered neurosensory function of the infraorbital nerve (78.26%) and infraorbital rim step-off (54.34%). The conservative or non-surgical method was the most used (34.78%), followed by open reduction and internal fixation of the frontozygomatic process and infraorbital rim (32.6%), open reduction and internal fixation of the frontozygomatic process (19.56%), and open reduction and internal fixation of the infraorbital rim (13.04%). Complete resolution of infraorbital nerve sensory disturbances was observed in only 33.33% of patients, of whom 66.7% were treated by open reduction with internal fixation. Conclusions: Thus, open reduction with internal fixation of the infraorbital rim and frontozygomatic process has proven to be a practical approach, promoting better fracture reduction, re-establishment of the orbital contour, and superior aesthetic and functional results, in addition to increasing the chances of neurosensory recovery of the infraorbital nerve.Item Impact of Gas Flares on Neonatal Weight and Health Profile in Yenagoa Bayelsa State, Nigeria(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) UVOH, SM; OSUWO, E; EMMANUEL, O; NNAMDI, CN; T, JD.Aim/Objective: This study assesses the impact of gas flares on neonatal weight and health profile in Okolobiri and its environs. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study design was adopted in this research using well-structured questionnaire and digital infant scale for weight (kg) measurement of all 32 neonates. Results: Findings from this study shows a gradual increase in neonatal weight according to their maternal age from 15-19yrs (2.80kg), 20.24yrs(2.94kg),25-29yrs(2.85kg),30-34yrs(2.86kg), 35-39yrs(3.20kg) and ?40yrs (3.50kg) respectively. More so neonatal weight whose mothers were exposed to daily inhalation of gas flares over a considerable duration of time was lower (2.69kg) compared with neonates (3.09kg) whose mothers sometimes perceive and inhaled gas flares during and after pregnancy. Furthermore 65.625% attend antenatal care regularly during pregnancy compared with 34.375% who did not among maternal considered in this study. The study also observed (28.125%), (96.875%) and (87.50%) regular maternal consumption of meat/fishes, water and vegetables/fruits planted within the gas flares environment. Neonatal feeds were mostly breast milk (62.50%) and neonates with health challenges were 28.125% compared with 71.875% that has no health issues. Conclusion: Maternal nutrition based on products harvested within the immediate gas flares environment during and after pregnancy was a detrimental effect on their respective neonates and thus contributes majorly to the disparity in weight among the neonates. Hence neonates with health challenges observed in this study were mainly due to the effect of gas flares discharged into the environment they depend upon.Item Prevalence of Pulp Stones in Molars: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Evaluation in a Brazilian Subpopulation(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Vasques, AMV; Bueno, CRE; Silva, ACR da; Amaral, GO; Ruiz, ALR; Júnior, SP do A; Ferreira, IA; Guimarães, BM; Cintra, LTA; Júnior, ED.Aims: Determine the prevalence of pulp stones by cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) and explore any potential correlation between the occurrence of pulp stones with gender, age, tooth, arches, and condition of the dental crown. Methodology: CBCT of 300 patients were assessed, totaling 631 molars. All molars were analyzed in the sagittal, axial and coronal planes and, when present, pulp stones were identified as a round or oval hyperdense mass. Results: After data tabulation, statistical analysis was performed using chi-square tests, with a significance level set at 5%. Of a total of 300 patients, pulp stones were identified in 35% of subjects and in 25.5% of molars. The presence of pulp stones was most frequently found in females (41.1%) than in males (27.7%) and in individuals aged over 60 years. The first upper molars showed the highest incidence of pulp stones. No significant difference was observed when maxillary and mandibular arches were compared, neither side. The presence of pulp stones was higher in restored molars when compared to intact teeth (P<0.05). Conclusion: CBCT is an efficient resource for the diagnosis and location of pulp stones and may be used to assist clinicians planning the safest endodontic approach. The prevalence and distribution of pulp stones regarding gender and type of teeth is paramount for the proper design of root canal treatment.Item Valuation of the Knowledge of Women of Childbearing Age from Caratateua Island, Outeiro District, regarding HPV Infection(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Fonseca, D da S; Almeida, D da S de; Fernandes, DM; Almeida, ALF; Santos, ALJ dos; Bouillet, BM; Santos, CL dos; Carvalho, DR de; Santos, FV dos; Bacelar, GM; Quemel, GKC; Farias, IM; Lima, JI de L; Corrêa, JAC; Costa, LC de S; Silva, LCB; Araújo, MMR; Sousa, MCB; Vieira, MG; Ferreira, SKG; Silva, TV; Pinheiro, WF; Vale, CC do.Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection linked to cervical cancer. Despite the availability of preventive measures, many women of childbearing age still lack adequate knowledge about the virus. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge about HPV among women of childbearing age living on Caratateua Island (Outeiro), in Belém, Pará, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive, quantitative study was conducted with 377 women aged 18 and older. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire in November 2024 and analyzed using Excel. Results: Only 47% were informed about the cause of HPV, while 45% were unaware, and 8% were uncertain. Regarding adherence to preventive exams, 91% of participants reported undergoing them, with 56% doing so annually. However, 38% expressed embarrassment about the exam. Concerning knowledge of cervical cancer, 70% know it can be cured if detected early. In terms of sexual behavior, 87% are sexually active, but 68% do not use condoms. Conclusion: The findings highlight a gap in knowledge and preventive practices regarding HPV, underscoring the need for targeted health education strategies to improve awareness and reduce risks.Item Outcome of Elderly Pregnancy Complicated with Anaemia and PROM(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Gultom, A; Wijaya, C; Sihombing, JA.Introduction: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is defined as the amniotic sac rupture before labor occurs. If PROM occurs at 37 weeks of gestation or more, it is called term PROM or premature rupture of membranes (PROM); conversely, if it occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, it is called preterm PROM or preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). The problem of PROM requires greater attention, because its prevalence is large and tends to increase. Aim: Reporting a case of premature rupture of membranes > 12 hours in a 24-year-old female patient. Case Detail: Case of a 24-year-old female patient G1P0A0, 36-37 weeks pregnant, with complaints of water leaking from the birth canal and diagnosed with premature rupture of membranes > 12 hours. Results: Anemia in pregnancy can worsen the prognosis of PROM through the mechanisms of tissue hypoxia and membrane weakness. In advanced pregnancy, decreased physiological reserves increase the risk of complications. Prompt and appropriate management, including treatment of anemia and close monitoring for infection, is essential to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. There was active amniotic fluid and red litmus turned blue on speculum examination, and Hb 10 g/dL from blood test, so the patient was diagnosed with G1P0A0, 36-37 weeks pregnant with KPD > 12 hours + anemia. Conclusion: Advanced pregnancy with anemia and PROM requires a multidisciplinary approach to achieve optimal outcomes. Early detection and aggressive intervention can reduce the risk of serious complications.Item Impact of Probiotics on Metabolic Interactions for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Network with Molecular Docking Studies(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Fowotade, OD; Makinde, JO; Boakye, BCN; Lasisi, SO.Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most diagnosed cancer globally and stands as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Research suggests that modifications in the gut microbiome may influence the onset and advancement of cancer. Furthermore, the dietary habits of an individual and the quantity of alcohol intake can influence the microbiome, thereby affecting the progression of colorectal cancer. A diet emphasizing fiber consumption is regarded as advantageous, as it includes short-chain fatty acids like butyrate, which exhibit antitumor characteristics. Moreover, contemporary treatment approaches, including chemotherapy, are associated with a range of side effects. This study employed a network pharmacology-based approach to identify potent metabolites of gut microbiota and its key target. Active metabolites generated by gut microbiota from fermented foods (Ogi, Iru, Fufu, and Garri) were obtained utilizing the gutMGene database, and targets related to these metabolites were identified through the Swiss Target Prediction tool. The targets related to CRC were sourced from the GeneCards database. Molecular docking tests were conducted to validate the findings and evaluate the binding affinity of the metabolites with the target protein. The research identified the crystal structure of human anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) as a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer. The metabolites (2S)-2-[[4-[(2-amino-4-oxo-1H-pteridin-6-yl)methylamino]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid, uridine-5'-diphosphate, adenosine triphosphate, and lomerizine demonstrated significant binding affinity with the target proteins, yielding docking scores of -8.0, -7.4, -7.6, and -7.9 kcal/mol, respectively. In comparison, the FDA-approved drugs fluorouracil and capecitabine exhibited docking scores of -4.6 and -6.7 kcal/mol. This study employs a network pharmacology approach to identify significant metabolites of gut microbiota and key targets for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). The results were corroborated through molecular docking experiments, establishing a basis for subsequent research on anti-colorectal cancer metabolites and their mechanisms of action.Item Hypothalamic Obesity Reduces of Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Causes Alterations in the Dental Pulp of Female Rats(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2025-06) Spenassatto, JA; Zibetti, I; Paes, AL; Martins, CM; Porto, EM; Amorim, JP de A.Aims: To evaluate whether hypothalamic obesity, when associated with induced tooth movement, can influence the histological structure of the dental pulp in rats. Type of Study: Experimental research. Methodology: Forty female pups of Wistar rats were obtained from the Central Animal Facility of the Western Paraná State University. Twenty pups received daily subcutaneous injections of monosodium glutamate (4 g/kg/day) in the cervical region during the first five days of life to induce obesity (MSG group). The remaining twenty animals received injections of hyperosmotic saline solution (1.25 g/kg/day) and served as the non-obese control group (CTL). The animals were then divided into four experimental groups (n = 10/group): Group 1: Non-obese rats not subjected to induced tooth movement (CTL); Group 2: Non-obese rats subjected to induced tooth movement (CTL + ITM); Group 3: Obese rats not subjected to induced tooth movement (MSG); Group 4: Obese rats subjected to induced tooth movement (MSG + ITM). At 97 days, all animals were weighed and euthanized. Results: Obese animals in the MSG+ITM group exhibited a higher Lee index and increased retroperitoneal and perigonadal fat deposits compared to the CTL+ITM group (P < 0.05). They also showed a lower rate of tooth movement than the non-obese animals in the CTL+ITM group (P<0.05). Furthermore, obese animals subjected to tooth movement (MSG+ITM) demonstrated more frequent occurrences of mild inflammatory infiltrate, increased cellularity, and dystrophic and hemodynamic changes compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Hypothalamic obesity associated with induced tooth movement leads to reduced tooth movement and increased occurrences of inflammatory infiltrate, as well as dystrophic and hemodynamic changes in the dental pulp.