Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/151077

Chief Editor: B. S. Kakkilaya
ISSN: 0972-5997

Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.ojhas.org/

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 102

An Unusual and Rare Double Arch Variation of the Sciatic Nerve.
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-12) Peicova, M; Bumbu, A; Covantsev, S.
The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the human body. It originates from L4-L5 and S1-S3 spinal segments of the spinal cord and travels posteriorly through the lower limb providing significant portion of innervation to this anatomical region. The surgical procedures at the infragluteal region and transgluteal approaches to the sciatic nerve involves different incisions, level of dissection and are based on good knowledge of regional anatomy. During anatomical dissection of a 75 years-old cadaver, the course of the branches of the sacral plexus, the features of their origin and innervation zones were studied. To our knowledge there is only one report of a similar variation when the sciatic nerve bifurcates and then merges until its division into the tibial and fibular nerves.
Core-Needle Biopsy of Thyroid Mass with Uncertain Malignant Potential.
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-12) Dolidze, D; Covantsev, S; Bumbu, A; Pichugina, N; Zakurdaev, E; Chizhikov, N; Bedina, A.
Thyroid cancer is an emerging problem worldwide. Patients undergo surgery based on the results of cytology classified according to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. However, patients with Bethesda III and IV often undergo surgery due to “suspicion” of malignancy. In reality up to 68% of cases do not require surgery as the mass is not malignant. Core-needle biopsy (CNB) is an emerging new diagnostic method that can be useful to diagnose thyroid malignancies. It is potentially useful in cases of Bethesda III and IV as the obtained tissue can undergo immunohistochemistry and genetic testing. We present a case of 58-year old female initially diagnosed with a thyroid mass suspicious for thyroid cancer who undergone CNB that demonstrated benign nature of the tumor and eventually undergone organ-sparing surgery.
Uncommon Presentation of Giant Cell Tumor: Thoracic Vertebra Involvement in a 12 Year Old Male Child.
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-12) Marepalli, S; Mutreja, D.
This case report presents a rare instance of an osteolytic giant cell tumor (OGCT) in a 12-year-old child, who presented with sudden onset paralysis. The patient was evaluated with MRI, CE-MRI, and PET scans, which revealed an extradural lesion extending from D5 to D6 with erosion of the pedicles of DV5-DV6. CE-MRI displayed a well-defined, solid extradural lesion measuring 11x25x24 mm in the posterior epidural region between the DV4 and DV6 vertebrae. A laminectomy was performed, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of OGCT. This report highlights the rarity of such cases, emphasizing the significance of early diagnosis and effective treatment.
Delayed Presentation of Posttraumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia.
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-12) Rather, AA; Salati, SA; Rather, SA; Alfehaid, M.
Introduction: Posttraumatic diaphragmatic hernias (PTDH) with delayed presentation are rarely encountered in clinical practice. They may be asymptomatic and detected incidentally or else lead to respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Here, we present an experience of PTDHs at a general surgical division of a medical college in Kashmir valley. Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on all the patients treated for PTDH between 2010 and 2024. Results: There were 7 patients (5 females and 2 males) with a mean age of 37.7 years. The index abdominal injury was blunt in 6 and penetrating in 1 case. The interval between index injury and presentation of PTDH ranged from 5 months to 7 years (mean 4.6 years). Abdominal pain was the most common symptom. All the patients were definitively diagnosed with imaging and managed surgically. The postoperative phase was uneventful, and there were no recurrences. Conclusion: Posttraumatic diaphragmatic hernias with delayed presentation are rare; they can manifest even years and decades after trauma. Successful diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and proper utilization of imaging modalities. Following diagnosis, PTDH must undergo a surgical operation to reduce the risk of further problems.
An Evaluation of Beta-Lactamase Prevalence and the Increasing Incidence of MBL in Gram-Negative Bacteria.
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-12) Joshi, A; Nirkhiwale, N; Bhasin, S; Tripathi, A.
Purpose: ?-lactamase mediated resistance mechanisms in gram-negative bacteria play a pivotal role in spreading antimicrobial resistance. We conducted this study to understand the prevalence of ?-lactamases in Gram-negative bacteria in our region. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 3710 clinical specimens for culture tests from 2021 to 2023 following standard CLSI guidelines. Result: Extended spectrum ?-lactamase resistance was the leading antimicrobial resistance mechanism detected in 53% E. coli isolates, followed by metallo ?-lactamases (14%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the second most predominant organism isolated, where 28% isolates exhibited metallo ?-lactamase-mediated resistance. Comparative analysis of resistance levels in 2021 and 2022 revealed an increase in the prevalence of MBL resistance by 33% in K. pneumoniae. The prevalence of MBL producing P. aeruginosa increased by 51% from 2021 to 2022. Conclusion: The comparative resistance analysis between 2021 and 2022 highlights the impact of COVID-19 on the expedited rise of antimicrobial resistance.
Factors Contributing to Unwanted Birth in India: Evidence From Panel Study Design.
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-12) Lodhi, T; Yadav, B; Kaur, G; Rohatgi, R.
Approximately 1 in 16 women worldwide face an unwanted pregnancy each year. According to the latest round of NFHS-5 (2019-22), in India, eight per cent of women reported unwanted birth during the last five years and exhibited a nine percent unmet need for contraception. The paper attempted to examine the association of different predictor variables on the unwanted bearing using the IHDS panel data conducted in 2004-05 and 2011-12. The bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model was employed to examine the determinants of unwanted births among Indian women. The results show that out of the total women who wanted to cease childbearing in 2004-05, 26% experienced unwanted births in between the surveys. The multivariable logistic model showed that Muslim women were more likely to report unwanted childbearing than Hindu women (AOR-2.81, 95% CI (1.73,4.59)). Contraception use also determined the unwanted bearing among the women, and contraceptive users were 80% less likely to report unwanted pregnancy (AOR-0.21 95% CI (0.18, 0.24)) than non-users. Husbands’ involvement can never be neglected in infertility decisions, especially in India. When husbands desire additional children, women are more likely to experience unwanted births (AOR-5.80, 95% CI (4.72,7.11). The multivariate analysis also found that the odds of reporting unwanted pregnancy were low among those with at least one son (AOR- 0.52, 95% CI (0.43, 0.63)). There is a need to educate couples about the importance of small family size and reform the existing girl-child policies. In addition to women, husbands should also be counselled about the benefits of contraception use and the importance of a girl child.
Caesarean Section Patterns Among PVTGs: A Comparative Analysis in Eastern India.
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-12) Panda, PK; Sharma, R.
The rising global incidence of Caesarean section (CS) potentially reflects healthcare disparities between Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG) and non- PVTG populations. This study analyzed CS patterns, indications, and outcomes between these groups at a district hospital in Gajapati, India. Methods: This prospective observational study examined 1,374 CS cases (177 PVTG and 1,197 non-PVTG) from October 2023 to October 2024. The analysis incorporated CS indications, APGAR scores, Robson classification, maternal age, and delivery timing using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results: Previous CS emerged as the primary indication in both groups (PVTG, 29.9%; non-PVTG, 39.3%). PVTG women demonstrated higher rates of malpresentation (4.0% vs. 1.0%) and younger maternal age (23.2% vs. 19.3% for ages 18-20). Robson Group 5 predominated in non-PVTG cases (41.0% vs. 28.4%), while nocturnal CS rates were elevated among PVTG women (4.1% vs. 1.4%). Conclusions: The identified disparities necessitate targeted interventions, including enhanced antenatal care for young PVTG mothers, VBAC promotion among non-PVTG women, and improved round-the-clock obstetric services in the tribal regions.
Clinicopathological Spectrum of Oncocytic Cell Lesions in the Thyroid.
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-12) Pai, P; Sharma, S; Pillai, S.
Background: Oncocytic cells are thyroid follicular derived cells, associated with non-neoplastic and neoplastic thyroid lesions. Aim: The aim of the study is to discuss the spectrum of Oncocytic cell lesions with respect to their demographic, clinical, cytological and histopathological features. Materials and Methods: This is a 2-year retrospective study in which thyroidectomy specimens with diagnosis of Oncocytic cell lesions were analysed. Patient data was obtained from the Medical Records Department. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) and histopathology slides were retrieved from pathology archives. Results: Amongst 360 thyroid cases, 16 cases showed Oncocytic cell lesions. Of these 16 cases, 3 cases were Oncocytic cell nodules, 10 were Oncocytic adenomas, and 3 were Oncocytic carcinomas. In this study, ultrasound and FNA were not effective in differentiating benign and malignant Oncocytic cell lesions. Age range was 33-74 years, and male to female ratio was 1: 4.3. On FNA, cases ranged from Bethesda II to Bethesda V. On histology, Oncocytic cell lesions showed various patterns- follicular, trabecular, nested, solid and papillary. Association with lymphocytic thyroiditis and papillary carcinoma was observed. Follow up data was available for 12 cases. Conclusion: Oncocytes are found in non-neoplastic as well as in neoplastic conditions in the thyroid. While the clinical significance of oncocytic cells is still not well established in literature, identification of Oncocytic cell carcinomas is necessary, as these are aggressive neoplasms.
Role of Otoendoscopy in Evaluation of Tympanic Membrane Retraction - A New Perspective.
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-07) Monga, U; Luthra, M; Bist, SS; Bharti, B; Agarwal, VK.
Abstract: Background: Recently, Otoendoscopy, a novel technique, serves as a pivotal non-invasive diagnostic tool for the initial evaluation of ear disorders. Retraction pockets of the tympanic membrane are clinically significant because they can lead to hearing loss. Therefore, they necessitate careful evaluation and ongoing monitoring. Oto-endoscope because of the wide viewing angle gives a good view of the tympanic membrane status. The objective of this study was to clinically evaluate and grade tympanic membrane retractions and compare otoscopy and otoendoscopy findings. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional prospective study. A total 190 ears with tympanic membrane retractions of 111 patients were included in the study. Each of the patients was evaluated for retractions grade according to the Sade and Tos system of classification using pneumatic otoscope and otoendoscope. Results: In 79 (71.2%) patients had bilateral tympanic retraction whereas 32 (28.8%) patients had unilateral. Isolated pars tensa and pars flaccida retraction was found in 109 (57.3%) ears, and 4 (2.1%) ears respectively, while 77 (40.5%) ears having both type of retraction. A crosstabulation of retraction grades revealed a significant association (p<0.001) between otoscopy and otoendoscopy. A difference in retraction grade findings was seen in 23 (12.1%) ears between otoscopy and otoendoscopy. Conclusion: Otoendoscopy has the potential to become the standard and routine diagnostic, monitoring and teaching procedure for examining tympanic membrane retractions in the outpatient setting. Otoendoscopy having certain definite advantages over otoscopy
Endometriosis Unveiled: A Series on Diverse Clinical Presentations and Synchronous Pathologies.
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-07) Raghavan, V; Srinivasan, S; Srivastava, S
Abstract: Endometriosis is a prevalent gynecological condition affecting women of reproductive age and is often associated with infertility. The role of chronic inflammation as a significant etiological factor is supported by the frequent co-occurrence of conditions such as salpingitis isthmic nodosa in our case series. In this study, we present a rare case of synchronous endometriosis and Enterobius vermicularis infection in the ovary, underscoring the necessity for clinicians to consider diverse etiologies and pathologies in their diagnostic and treatment approaches. This case series emphasizes the importance of recognizing the varied presentations and potential complications of endometriosis to improve patient outcomes.
Estimating the Breakpoints for EUCAST Fast Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Using Flagged BacT/Alert Blood Culture Bottles.
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-07) Gangar, S; Nirmal, K; Lakra, AK; Swain, K; Das, S
Abstract: Introduction: The escalating prevalence of multidrug resistance is a global threat to human health particularly in critically ill patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs). Delay in the administration of the appropriate antimicrobial treatment is associated with higher mortality rates and adverse consequences. This study attempted to estimate the rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) breakpoints directly from flagged BacT/Alert blood culture bottles in clinical practice. Material & Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Delhi over a period of two months. The RAST was performed directly from the clinical samples for blood cultures received in our laboratory in parallel with the routine antimicrobial testing as per standard CLSI guidelines. Blood cultures were routinely incubated in BacT/Alert 3D. The inhibition zones were read at 4, 6, 8 and 16-20 hour of incubation as per European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. The identification of the isolates was confirmed by Vitek-2 compact system. Results: In our study, the area of technical uncertainty (ATU) percentage was initially high at 4 hours but decreased significantly in later incubation periods. At 4 hours, none of the S. aureus isolates showed >90% categorical agreement (CA) for any antimicrobial tested. However, clindamycin achieved the highest CA (100%) at 6 hours and 90% thereafter, with no very major errors (VME) or major error (ME). Cefoxitin required 8 hours to reach >90% CA, with no VME observed at any time point, but up to 75% ME at 8 hours. At 4 hours, most antimicrobials had high (>1.5%) rates of VME among Enterobacteriales. By 6 hours, only Meropenem and Gentamicin had >90% CA, with no VME observed for other antibiotics. Conclusion: The RAST method is relatively easy to implement in clinical microbiology labs, offering cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and rapid results, especially in resource-limited settings. However, reporting RAST results can be complex due to potential challenges with CA, VME, and ME, particularly in the initial hours of incubation and within the ATU.
Beyond antimicrobial resistance: mec-genes detection as a factor of epidemiological characterization among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital, South India.
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-01) Dhar, E; Urs, TA; Ramesh, PS; Devananda, D; Karthik, MVSK
Abstract: Introduction: The global public health concern of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection and its spread, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is exacerbated by the emergence of mec-genes, which are considered markers of MRSA. The study aims to isolate MRSA in clinical isolates and detect mec-genes using molecular assays, thereby enhancing infection control programs. Materials and Methods: The study involved 381 clinical samples processed by standard laboratory procedures and PCR was performed targeting 16S rRNA gene as a reference and then with nuc-gene to detect Staphylococcus aureus. Further, MRSA was confirmed by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification of S. aureus isolates by subtyping mecA and mecC gene. Sensitivity and specificity of phenotypic methods was calculated using mecA gene PCR as the gold standard. Results: In the present study, 65.85% clinical isolates were found to have similar homology with Staphylococcus aureus. Uniplex PCR results showed that all 162 isolates with S. aureus-like phenotypes were detected as MRSA carrying mecA gene, but none of them was found to carry mecC gene for MRSA. P-value for both the methods was <0.001, which is considered to be highly significant in statistical analysis. Conclusion: The study found that PCR detection of nuc and mec genes is effectively identifies MRSA from clinical isolates, aiding in infection prevention and recommending its use for confirmatory testing. The study recommends using PCR as a confirmatory test method for MRSA detection to prevent the spread of resistant strains in hospitals and communities
Gram Negative Bacterial Blood Stream Infections with Focus on Carbapenem Resistance: An Experience at a South Indian Tertiary Care Hospital.
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-07) Bhat, PN; Nayak, GS; Shetty, AK; Prabhu, K
Abstract: Aims & Background: There is a lack of studies which determine the clinical outcomes and the characteristics of Gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections (GNBSI) from India. In this retrospective study, we determine the risk factors for mortality in patients admitted at a tertiary care hospital with GNBSIs with focus on carbapenem resistant GNBSIs. Materials and Methods: A total of 375 patients admitted to the hospital from August 2020 to May 2022, with monomicrobial GNBSI were included in the study. The baseline characteristics of the patients were compared based on the carbapenem susceptibility of the pathogen. The independent risk factors for mortality were assessed at 7 days and 30 days since the GNBSI episode by Cox proportional hazards model. A sub-analysis was also performed in the subset of patients with event of intensive care unit (ICU) admission during the hospital stay. Results: Carbapenem resistant GNBSIs were detected in 36.53% (137/375) patients. Overall crude in-hospital mortality rate was 40.8% (153/375) among patients. The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (28.0%,105/375), Klebsiella pneumoniae (26.7%,100/375) and Acinetobacter species (17.3%, 65/375). Conclusion: Use of immunosuppressive drugs, ICU admission and need for vasopressors were independent risk factors for mortality. Among the 232 patients with ICU admission, carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter GNBSIs (CRA-GNBSIs) and Carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae GNBSIs (CRKP-GNBSIs) were independent risk factors for mortality. There is a need for monitoring the carbapenem resistance and measures need to be taken to reduce it. Similarly, measures also need to be taken for early identification and effective treatment of GNBSIs to facilitate better outcomes.
Role of Adipocyte Tissue Invasion as a Prognostic Marker in Invasive Breast Carcinoma - A Cross-Sectional Study
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-01) Amita, K; Nagaraju, P; Sunil, BK; Sanjay, M
Abstract: Background: Functional lymphatics at the peritumoral site is mainly responsible for lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in breast cancer. Marginal adipose tissue invasion (ATI) leads to larger area of contact between peritumoral lymphatics and may increase chances of LVI. Objectives: To investigate whether ATI of cancer cells at the tumour margin influenced lymph node status and prognosis in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Materials and methods: Cross sectional study involving 33 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma diagnosed over a duration of three years. Clinicopathologic prognostic parameters in 33 cases with marginal ATI was were compared 10 patients without ATI. The value of the combination of ATI and peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) was also assessed. Chi square was applied to assess the statistical significance at p<0.05. Results: The frequency of axillary lymph node metastases was 63.63.7% in patients with ATI (21/33) and 0% in patients without ATI (0/10) with a p value of < .001. The frequency of peritumoral lymphovascular invasion was 88.88% in patients with ATI (24/27) and 11.1% in patients without ATI (3/27) with a p value of < 0.01. ATI was an independent factor influencing nodal metastasis. Conclusion: ATI of cancer cells at the tumour margin is one of the biologic indicators of tumour aggressiveness in invasive breast cancer. This study indicate that ATI+ cases were associated with adverse outcomes in addition to the converse. ATI should be incorporated in a standard surgical pathology report of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast as ATI and peritumoral LVI will be useful in the framing therapeutic strategies and in assessment of prognosis
Navigating Diagnostic Challenges in Cutaneous Leiomyosarcoma: A Clinical Case Study.
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-07) Raghavan, V; Sithika, AT; Chandrasekaran, K
Abstract: Cutaneous Leiomyosarcomas (CL) are rare, constituting just 3% of malignant soft tissue sarcomas. We present a case involving a 40-year-old male with a forearm nodule. Histopathological examination revealed atypical spindle cells with immunohistochemistry confirming Cutaneous Leiomyosarcomas. While the patient had a prior excision for a similar swelling, reports were unavailable. Treatment involved a wide resection with a lesion-free specimen. Cutaneous Leiomyosarcomas commonly presents as a nodular growth in extremities, with a microscopic appearance characterized by spindle-shaped cells exhibiting palisading and atypia. Differential diagnoses include other spindle cell lesions necessitating IHC for confirmation. Recurrence rates underscore the importance of wide excision. Distant metastasis, primarily to the lungs, and identified prognostic factors, such as lesion size and histological grade, contribute to the complex clinical landscape. This case emphasizes the rarity of Cutaneous Leiomyosarcomas, emphasizing the need for thorough diagnostic evaluation and a multidisciplinary approach for effective management.
Histopathological Evaluation of Benign Prostate Lesions - Utility or Futility? A Retrospective Study in a Limited Resource Setting.
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-07) Mech, B; Hatwal, D; Srivastav, S; Bhat, P
Abstract: Objective: To identify the characteristic morphological features of benign prostate lesions, chiefly the mimickers of carcinoma, and to distinguish them from malignancy. Materials and Methods: All prostate specimens diagnosed as benign lesions during the two-year period from January 2022 to December 2023 were included. Malignant prostate lesions and autolyzed specimens were excluded. Haematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections were examined, and their medical records were reviewed. Results: A total of 173 prostate specimens were studied. The most common alteration was Basal cell hyperplasia, and the least common was Nephrogenic metaplasia. For comparison, the lesions were broadly classified into five categories: hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia, inflammation, and premalignant lesions. Conclusion: Various prostatic atrophy patterns, metaplasias, and hyperplasias mimic prostatic adenocarcinoma. Transitional cell metaplasia and basal cell hyperplasia mimic HGPIN. HGPIN mimics and leads to carcinoma. Hence, it is important to identify them correctly and prevent any false positive interpretation
Selfitis and its Relationship with Self-esteem, Appearance Anxiety and Narcissistic Personality Trait Among Medical Students of Coastal Karnataka.
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-07) Hegde, R; Kumar, PK; Kini, SB; Thayil, LM; Answar, RR; Holla, A
Abstract: In recent years taking selfies and posting them on social media has become a social, cultural phenomenon globally. But this behaviour can be detrimental to a person’s mental health, if they are regularly indulging in it. In this study we estimated the prevalence of selfitis and investigated its relationship with self-esteem, appearance anxiety and narcissistic personality trait among 403 students of a medical college in south India, using a cross-sectional study design. Standardised tools such as Selfitis Behaviour Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Appearance Anxiety Inventory and Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16 were used to collect data and Pearson's correlation coefficient was utilised to investigate relationship between the study variables. The prevalence of selfitis was found to be 68.4%, with 51.1% having borderline, 16.13% acute, 1.24% chronic-selfitis. A mild positive correlation was found between selfitis and appearance anxiety (r = 0.376). This could be due to the need to seek approval and reassurance about their appearance through increased engagement with selfie-taking behaviour. Also, since the majority of students had features of selfitis (borderline, acute and chronic), they would be spending a large part of each day taking selfies and uploading them on social media. This could interfere with their academic performance and also impede social interactions. We recommend that adolescents need to be educated about the consequences of indulging in excessive selfie-taking behaviour and its negative impact on their perceived self-image.
A Review of Occupational Mental Health Status in India
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-01) Saxena, V
Abstract: Occupational mental health is a critical concern in India, where a significant portion of the population is engaged in diverse work environments. In the current dynamic economic context, it is essential to identify the factors that contribute to prevalence and rise of mental health issues in the Indian workforce. This review provides an outline of the current state of occupational mental health in India, drawing on relevant literature to highlight current state and determinants of occupational mental wellness in India and interventions aimed at promoting mental well-being among employees. The existing interventions are not sufficient and a systematic survey across different occupational settings to ascertain the real extent of mental health in Indian workspace. The potential solutions for addressing the occupational mental well-being need to be addressed in a concerted manner by the policymakers, employers, and healthcare providers to create a supportive environment that prioritizes the mental health of all workers, irrespective of their employment status or sector. Key Words: Indian workplace mental health, developing economies, occupational mental well being
Variations in the Anatomical Pattern of the Genitofemoral and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerves- Cadaveric Study.
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-07) Elsy, B
Abstract: Aim and objective: This study aims to determine the level of origin, branching pattern, and exit in relation to the psoas major muscle of the lateral femoral cutaneous, and genitofemoral nerves. Additionally, we determine the intraabdominal course, relations, and branching pattern of these nerves. Materials and Methods: A total of twenty-four lateral femoral cutaneous, and genitofemoral nerves of the lumbar plexus were dissected. The level of origin, branching, and exits in relation to the psoas major muscle were carefully examined. Moreover, we noted each nerve's unique origin, course, branching pattern and their relations. All these observations were recorded through photography. Results: In 2 cases (8.33%), we found accessory lateral femoral cutaneous nerves. 4 cases (16.67%) showed that the genital and femoral branches of the genitofemoral nerve had separate origins. The present study observed rare variations in the genital branch’s anatomical pattern and relations. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this type of intraabdominal course and branching pattern in the genital branch of the genitofemoral and accessory lateral femoral cutaneous nerves have not been documented in any published data. Knowledge of anatomical variations in the course, branches, and their relations in the intraabdominal segments of the genitofemoral and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves is helpful for the proper clinical diagnosis and surgical procedures to avoid injuries and complications to the nerve.
Improving Help-Seeking in Distressed Young Adults: How Does Gender Matter? Insights from a Pilot Study.
(Light House Polyclinic, 2024-01) Sanghvi, PB; Mehrotra, S; Sharma, MK
Abstract: While considerable research exists on interventions to enhance help-seeking rates and reduce treatment gap for common mental health concerns, there remains a scarcity of literature examining the influence of gender in response to such interventions. This paper aimed to examine gender differences/similarities observed while implementing a helpseeking intervention for distressed non-treatment-seeking young adults. Amongst those who indicated an expression of interest, about one-third were men, and two-third were women. The intervention was delivered over eight weeks. Distress, barriers, inclination to seek help and help-seeking from professional sources were assessed at baseline, post and follow-up. Though barriers were significantly higher in women at baseline, there was no difference on distress or helpseeking inclination. Both groups equally initiated and engaged with the intervention and exhibited a significant reduction in barriers, distress and improvement in help-seeking inclination. Findings highlight the need for research on approaches to improve the uptake of help-seeking interventions for common mental health concerns in non-treatment-seeking distressed young men

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