People's Journal of Scientific Research

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/127103

Published by People's Group (India) © 2005, the largest hub of education and healthcare in central India.
ISSN: 0974-6358

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To understand the fundamental disease mechanism and identification of modifier genes, return benefits to patients through improved diagnostic capacity, better disease management and the development of rational treatments.
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Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Black Tea Extract Mouthrinse and Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on Salivary Streptococcus Mutans Load
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2023-06) Khade, R; Saawarn, S; Mishra, SD; Einstein, A; Rathore, A; Shankar, T.
Background- Dental caries is one of the most frequent oral health problems. The present study shows the antibacterial effect of black tea extract on salivary Sterptococcus Mutans load. Materials & Methods- The study was conducted on 125 individuals. The differences in the Colony Forming Units and count-scores of S.mutans were analyzed in salivary samples collected from individuals before and after administration of 2% black tea extract mouth-rinse and chlorhexidine mouthwash(CM). Results- There was a statistical difference in mean salivary S. mutans colony count and mean count- score before and after administration of black tea extract mouth-rinse (p = 0.0003) and chlorhexidine mouthwash (p = 0.0002) respectively. Hence, it was found that there is no statistically significant difference in the fall of S.mutans load due to black tea mouth-rinse and chlorhexidine mouthwash. Conclusions- A 2% black tea extract mouth-rinse significantly reduces salivary S.mutans load, irrespective of age and gender. Also, it is an effective natural anti-cariogenic agent with no known implicated side effects.
Unsupervised Medical Abortions: A Cause for Concern of Safety
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2023-06) Kalra, R.
Medical abortions have been a national as well as social concern for the society, especially in India. There have been certain laws, acts and amendments that have been designed to promote safe abortions. Despite, the rules in place, there is still need to have more awareness as the women still face difficulties in accessing abortion services. The reasons may include legal hurdles, stigma, financial concerns and many more. Through this article, we would like to emphasize the role of government, medical professionals, health care providers to come together and form more dependable guidelines that may help women to access safer abortions.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Myths About Covid-19 Vaccination in Selected Rural Area Ratua at Bhopal (M.P.)
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2023-06) Tiwari, A; Verma, A; Dwivedi, A; Gautam, D; Lodhi, A; Chourasia, B; Mehra, B; Das, S; Gupta, RR.
Background- COVID-19 is the Pandemic disease caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus. There are many myths regarding COVID-19 vaccine spread by community people at rural area. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge about myths of COVID-19, Bhopal Ratua (M.P). The World Health Organization (WHO) is working closely with global experts, governments, and partners to rapidly expand scientific knowledge on this new virus, to track the spread and virulence of the virus, and to provide advice to countries and individuals on measures to protect health and prevent the spread. The urban people have poor attitude regarding myths about Covid- 19 vaccination. Materials & Methods- A Study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding Covid Vaccination among rural community people. 30 rural community people from a selected rural community were included in the study. A questionnaire consisting of 40 questions was used. Results- Almost all had some pre-test knowledge regarding the myths surrounding Covid-19. Whereas the knowledge was increased post-test. Conclusion- We concluded that such awareness programs may have a positive impact on increasing the knowledge of rural people. After that the vaccine needs to go through a review by the National Regulatory Authority, who will decide if the vaccine is safe and effective.
Oral Submucous Fibrosis: Clinical Stage, Functional Stage, and Histopathological Grade Correlation
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2023-06) Shankar, T; Saawarn, S; Einstein, A; Rathore, A; Mishra, SD; Khade, R.
Background- Oral submucosal fibrosis (OSMF) is a common precancerous condition predominantly affecting the oral cavity. There are several contributing factors to its pathogenesis, areca nut chewing being the primary culprit. OSMF reversal is difficult once the disease sets in. Hence, after its diagnosis, staging becomes imperative as it affects the treatment plan. Several classification methods have been developed by various authors to categorize the disease based on its clinical, functional, and Histopathological characteristics. The main aim to conduct this study was to correlate clinical and histopathological staging. Materials & Methods- This study involved 30 patients who had been diagnosed with OSMF both Clinically and Histopathologically. All 30 patients were classified and were categorized according to their clinical and functional stages after inspection. Following this, histopathological grading was done. Results- The statistical analysis showed that there was a wide similarity between the clinical and functional staging. However, no significant similarity or correlation was found between the clinical and functional staging with its corresponding histopathological grades. Conclusions- Our study concluded that there is strong correlation between clinical and functional grading.
Marking the Micro Details in Potentially Malignant Disorders of Oral Cavity
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2023-06) Rathore, A; Kumar, A; Siddique, MAB; Mehrotra, R; Choudhary, DS; Gupta, A.
Background- The malignancy of the oral cavity constitutes the most important group of malignancies in South and Southeast Asia.The risk increases with the use of tobacco products. Materials & Methods- Micronuclei frequency scoring was used as a biomarker to identify different potentially malignant disorders. Results- Mean micronuclei index was found higher using Hematoxylin and Eosin stain than Papanicolaou's stainand May Grunwald's stain. Conclusion- We concluded that the micronuclei frequencies in oral exfoliated epithelial cells using three different stains- Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, Papanicolaou's stain, May Grunwald's stain may be useful in predicting the malignant potential of premalignant lesions.
Comamonas Testosteroni Emerging Gastrointestinal Pathogen
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2023-06) Dharsandia, MV; Khanpara, C; Sadikot, AK; Kansagra, CH; Raval, KK.
Comamonas testosteroni newly emerging microorganism previously known as Pseudomonas testosteroni is common environmental bacterium that is not known to be a part of the human commensal organism. Since its identification as a human pathogen in 1987, numerous reports have drizzled in, implicating this organism for various infections. Comamonas testosteroni are rare isolates in microbiology laboratories and have been infrequently reported as an infectious agent in routine clinical practice. Comamonas testosteroni has been rarely observed as an infectious agent in clinical practice. Comamonas testosteroni is rarely recognized as a human pathogen. Most of the reported cases are bloodstream infections. We report this pathogen from the stool of an immunocompromised 48-year-old male. The aim of this case report is to alert clinicians and laboratory physicians for the potential diagnosis and clinical approach of gastrointestinal infections caused by this organism.
Lead Toxicity in Children: Health Effects, Policies and Recommendations
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2023-06) Rathore, A; Choudhary, DS; Siddique, MAB; Kumar, A.
Lead is a dangerous element that exists naturally in the Earth's crust. Any kind of lead causes a detrimental response in the human body. It is discharged into the environment during the manufacturing of batteries, foundries, ammunition, lead paint, water pipes, and other manufactured goods. It can enter the body through a variety of pathways, including those in the air, water, soil, food, and dust. Concern is raised since there is no amount of lead that is safe for the human body. The problem persists despite several prevention measures that the state and the federal governments have put in place. This review assesses the effects of lead exposure on children as well as suggested solutions to the issue.
An Exploratory Study to Assess the Knowledge & Attitude of Parents Regarding Play Needs of Children (under 5 years of age) in Selected Hospital of Durg (C.G.)
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2023-06) David, S.
Background-The human life has a distinct sphere– the world of play makes childhood more meaningful, happy & motivate the child to learn, develop & mature. Parents, teachers, nurses, psychologists are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of play and its influence upon bringing of children. The study was designed to assess the knowledge and attitude of parents regarding play needs of children. Materials & Methods- 100 couples were selected using purposive sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was prepared for assessing the knowledge & attitude of parents regarding play needs of children (under 5 years of age). Results- 20% of them had moderately adequate knowledge whereas 22% had moderately adequate attitude with. Knowledge & attitude of parents correlated. There is no significant association between socio demographic variables and knowledge except gender, religion, and mass media exposure, type of family, and monthly income and number of children as demographic variables. There is no significant association between socio demographic variables and attitude except gender, religion, qualification, type of family, and number of children as demographic variables. Conclusion-This study was conducted in Govt. Hospital of Durg (Chattisgarh) with the parents having children under 5 years of age. The findings of the study recommended the further interventional approaches regarding play needs of children. Parents need to be educated about meaning and importance of play for child. It creates awareness play know, attitudes, play needs, under five.
Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding prenatal factors leading to mental disorders among prenatal mothers in selected areas of Bhopal
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2023-06) Kushwaha, RS; Peter, J; Gupta, RR.
Background- The mental illness seen in children is worrisome and has many factors leading to such conditions. The need for positive intervention is need of the hour. Materials & Methods- Quasi-experimental one group pre-test post-test design was used for the study. The sample consisted of 60 prenatal mothers in selected rural areas of Bhopal by Non-Probability convenient sampling technique. A pre-test was conducted by using a structured knowledge questionnaire to evaluate the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding prenatal factors leading to mental disorders. Results- In this study, on comparing the pre-test and post-test knowledge score it was found that all prenatal mothers scored better in the post-test. Majority of respondents scored average and 20.0% scored good. The post test mean was more than pre test score. Conclusion- We concluded that the structured teaching program is effective in increasing knowledge of the prenatal mothers regarding prenatal factors leading to mental disorders.
Suture Less Gingival Augmentation Using Gingival Unit Transfer – A Case Report
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2023-06) Ashok, KP; Banala, A; Kumar, M; Anupama, M; Gajjarapu, S; Raval, KK.
The use of root coverage procedures to treat gingival recession defects, a common periodontal condition, is an important aspect of periodontal regenerative therapy. The synergistic relationship between vascular configuration and involved tissues is the most important factor in soft tissue graft success. The present case reports the clinical effectiveness of Gingival Unit Graft (GUG) for the management of Miller's class III gingival recession.Clinical parameters like Probing depth, recession depth, keratinized tissue width and clinical attachment level were measured at baseline and postoperative 6 months. Percentage of defect coverage was evaluated at postoperative 6 months. Healing was uneventful and 3mm root coverage was observed with 1mm residual recession and increase in keratinized gingiva after 6 months follow up. Free soft tissue autografts such as gingival unit transfers can be used along with bio-adhesives such as cyanoacrylates for predictable results in the management of recession defects.
Study on Biochemical Perspectives of Antioxidant and Oxidant Indices in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCCs) and Other Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs)
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2023-06) Arya, G; Shukla, R.
Background-Oxidative stress in biological systems is a complex process that is characterized by an inequity between the production of free radicals (FR) and the ability of the body to eliminate these reactive species through the use of endogenous and exogenous antioxidants. The pathogenesis of oral cancer has been linked to alterations in the antioxidant defense mechanism. Materials & Methods- Saliva from twenty patients with OSCC, forty patients with OPMDs and twenty healthy subjects in the age group of thirty five to seventy five years was analyzed for levels of nitric oxide, vitamin C, total sialic acid and GSH using spectrophotometry. Results - The levels of salivary vitamin C and glutathione were significantly reduced and those of nitric oxide and sialic acid were raised in patients having OPMD's and oral squamous cell carcinoma. The co- relation between the AOI and calculated ratios indicated that antioxidant potential of the saliva was decreased and was statistically related to (p <0.001) development of OPMD, which further may progress to oral cancer, notably OSCC. Conclusion- The current study demonstrated that the estimation of vitamin C, nitric oxide, sialic acid and GSH in saliva could be used as an early potential diagnostic biomarker in the screening of oral cancer. The antioxidant-oxidant indices (AOI's) can be used as a reliable tool for predicting the oral microenvironment and its predicted change towards development of oral cancer. This optimized developed protocol was also found to be simple and cost effective.
Aphthous Ulcer: A Case Report
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2023-06) Tiwari, A.
Mouth ulcers are quite common in all age groups. They can be linked to several conditions such as simple injury due to acute trauma or due to a sharp tooth or to an autoimmune disease. There are several medications available on the market to treat mouth ulcers. But do we need to prescribe a medication every time? This report presents a case of a 34-year-old male who presented with an ulcer in the palate and was treated without a prescription
Dietary Immunomodulators - An Organic Boom in the Management of Chronic Diseases
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2023-06) Banerjee, A; Pandya, D; Maitra, A; Dutta, K; Puttanawar, R.
Immunology involves all the defence mechanisms occurring in the body after the invasion of any infectious agent and the ability to resist this infection. The micronutrients like essential proteins, essential amino acids, vitamins (A, B6, B12, C, D, E and folic acid), fatty acids, minerals (iron, selenium, zinc and copper) and certain phytochemicals are of prime importance towards healthy immune system. In addition to these nutritional components, intestinal microflora and certain bacteria (probiotic bacteria) also play an important role in the modulation of healthy immune system. There is an ongoing trend of usage of immunomodulators to combat various chronic diseases like viral diseases, cancers, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review focuses on various immunomodulators available in daily dietary meals, its positive and negative effects on immune system and its role in management of chronic illness as an adjunct to other modalities to achieve positive health benefits with minimal side effects.
Mucormycosis- A Case Report
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2023-06) Phulambrikar, Tushar; Moses, Sanjana; Dosi, Tanvi
Mucormycosis, an aggressive and opportunistic fungal infection caused by Rhizopus sp., Mucor, and Lichtheimia, poses a significant challenge in the post-COVID era. Previously considered a rare occurrence, mucormycosis has witnessed a surge in cases, particularly affecting the nose, paranasal sinuses, and cerebral tissue. These fungal pathogens exhibit a destructive behaviour, eroding small blood vessels and leading to thrombosis, ischemia, and tissue necrosis. Patients with compromised systemic health, such as diabetes mellitus, leukemia, and immunosuppressive therapy, are particularly susceptible to this infection due to impaired immunity. The various clinical manifestations of mucormycosis are categorized into rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and disseminated forms. Within the rhinocerebral form, subdivisions based on the affected tissues further refine the classification like rhino-orbital, rhino-sino-orbital, rhino- orbito-cerebral. Fungal culture remains a cornerstone for identifying the causative organism, while magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard for radiological evaluation, offering detailed imaging of the affected regions. Computed tomography scans also play a crucial role in the diagnostic pathway. With dental practitioners encountering an increasing number of mucormycosis cases, Cone Beam Computed Tomography has emerged as a valuable diagnostic tool. Recent advancements have led to the development of diagnostic criteria based on CBCT findings, aiding in the accurate and timely diagnosis of mucormycosis. We report a case of mucormycosis affecting maxilla highlighting the importance of CBCT in addition to conventional diagnostic methods thereby improving its management and clinical outcome.
Squamous Papilloma of Tongue – A Case Report
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2022-06) Khare, E; Thomas, S; Saxena, A; Thomas, JS
Oral Squamous papilloma presents as a cauliflower like growth in oral mucosa which in 50 % cases has been associated with HPV 6 and 11. We report a 51-year-old male patient who presented with a large white coloured pedunculated growth on tongue measuring 4cm×2.5cm × 2cm. Lesion was excised surgically with no recurrence within 3-month of follow- up.
Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge of First aid Management of Minor Injuries Among Mothers of Kinder Garten Students of SPA Campus Bhauri, Bhopal
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2022-06) Saju, S; Gupta, RR; Rai, A
Quasi- Experimental one group pretest –post test design was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on first aid management of minor injuries among mothers of kindergarten children at Bhauri, 60 samples were selected by simple random sampling technique and assessed their knowledge score by structured questionnaire. Structured teaching program on first aid management of minor injuries were given .After seven days of the post test were conducted by using same questionnaire. There was significant improvement in knowledge score and practices related to prevention of minor abrasions at 0.01 level. Out of 60 mothers 3.3%(2) had adequate knowledge, 13.4%(8) had moderately adequate knowledge, 83.3%( 50) had inadequate knowledge score in pre-test. 1.66 %( 1) had inadequate knowledge, 86.7 %( 52) had adequate knowledge, 11.64 %( 7) had moderately adequate knowledge in post test..there is no significant difference between demographic variables of pre test and post test scores of knowledge and knowledge on practice.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Balloon Therapy on Lung Capacity of Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Selected Hospital of Chitrakoot U.P.
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2022-06) Sen, R; Rai, A; Gupta, RR
As per 2019 report of the National Health Portal of India, 41,996,260 cases and 3,740 deaths from respiratory infections were recorded across India in 2018. The main aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of balloon therapy on increased level of oxygenation of patients with lower respiratory tract disorders. Quasi experimental design was used for this study. Balloon therapy improves pulmonary functions. Daily practice of blowing up balloon, once a day, 10 times per day for 10 days will steadily increase lung capacity. The data pertaining to lung capacity was collected using self-administered questionnaire. Respiratory assessment viz Vital, Tidal and Lung capacity were measured using balloon therapy. The pre-test mean and SD were 6.83 & 1.30 respectively where as posttest mean & SD were 7.16 & 1.26, with t-test value of 6.12. These reading indicate the effectiveness of Balloon therapy on lung capacity in patients with lower respiratory tract infections. The result of this study guides that regular practice of balloon therapy can improve the lung capacity to a greater extent among patients with lower respiratory tract infection. Off course, large sample size is recommended for generalization.
Successful Spinal Block in Obstetric Patient with Past History of Scorpion Sting and Failed Spinal Anesthesia
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2022-06) Sandhya, P; Gowani, N; Waghmare, J; Gaikwad, M
Association between local anesthestic resistance and scorpion sting have been reported in literatures. Scorpion venom is known to affect the sodium channels in the nerve fibres and local anesthetics also acts on the same. But we report a case of successful spinal block in 23 years old second gravida posted for elective caesarean section with past history of failed spinal block and multiple scorpion sting 7 years and 2 years back. Last exposure was 4 months before previous caesarean section, thus failed spinal block may be due to recent exposure. Our conclusion is that, there is a direct relationship between duration of exposure to scorpion venom and susceptibility to local anesthetics.
Lateral Canals - Terminologies, Classification and Prevalence in Permanent and Deciduous Teeth : A 12 Comprehensive Review
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2022-06) Sharma, A; Jaiswal, S; Nikhil, V; Gupta, S; Raj, S
A clear understanding of the intricate anatomy of human teeth is an essential prerequisite to all dental procedures especially in the case of root canal treatment. Anatomical relationship between the pulp and the periodontal structures plays a major role in the etiopathogenesis of the pulp or pulp periodontal lesions. Lateral canals may comprise of potential pathways through which bacteria or their products may reach the periodontal ligament and likewise. This, often overlooked aspect contribute to persistence of periapical lesion even after the completion of endodontic treatment. Therefore, this library dissertation attempts to present a comprehensive review on the origin, frequency, location and prevalence of lateral canals in primary and permanent dentition.
Analyzing the Role and Liability of Paramedics in the Indian Healthcare System
(People’s University, Bhopal., 2022-06) Bajpai, A; Rajput, VS; Gupta, RR; Rai, A.
The Nursing and staff serves as backbone of a healthcare system. Despite being central to any healthcare system, not much has been written about them, especially on the issue of their regulations and legal liabilities emanating from their professional activities. Though they are governed by National and State councils, the implications of their acts are different in Civil Law, Criminal Law and under their respective regulations. These differences are primarily the subject matter of this paper.

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