People's Journal of Scientific Research

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/127103

Published by People's Group (India) © 2005, the largest hub of education and healthcare in central India.
ISSN: 0974-6358

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To understand the fundamental disease mechanism and identification of modifier genes, return benefits to patients through improved diagnostic capacity, better disease management and the development of rational treatments.
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Radiographic Study of Mental Foramen Type and Position in Bhopal Population using CBCT
(People's University, 2025-06) Das, A; Shinde, CV; Arya, G
Background: This radiographic study was aimed to evaluate the morphology and dimensionof mental foramen among Bhopal population. It also investigated the dimorphic variations of mental foramen with respect to gender, type, size and position using CBCT. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on 200 individuals of both the genders with the age range of 20 to 60 years who underwent CBCT imaging. The images were then examined for morphology and dimension of mental foramen.The images were evaluated by CS (Carestream) 3D imaging software by two experienced Oral Radiologist. Results: Mental foramen was found to be large in 70.5%, while only 29.5% showed small size. In the present study 44.5% mental foramen were located in between the first and second premolars and 55.5% at the apex of second premolar's root. The distribution of foramen on the right and left sides in males between the first and second premolars: 44.2% were found on the right side and 55.8% were found on the left side. In the present study majority of the foramen were oval shaped and only 19% were of round nd shape. At the apex of roots of 2 premolar, males showed 47.4% at right side and 52.6% at left side while in females, 48.1% were present at right and 51.9% were present at left side. Conclusion: Mental foramen in each person presents particularities, the anatomic variations, increasing the risks during intervention. So, the clinician should confirm using 3D volumetric radiography during the preoperative phase to organize the patient treatment.
Exploring the Correlation between Tobacco Forms and Oral Health among Tribal Communities in Jharkhand
(People's University, 2025-06) Gupta, B; Gupta, A; Sharma, N; Bhattacharya, A
Background: In Jharkhand, India, tobacco usage is widespread among tribes, which presents serious problems for oral health. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions, dental caries, and overall oral hygiene status in this population was investigated in this study in relation to various forms of tobacco use. Methods: 250 members of Jharkhand's tribal communities participated in this cross-sectional survey. Structured interviews were used to gather information on tobacco use, including both smoked and smokeless forms. Clinical examinations evaluated were, oral hygiene status (using the OHI-S index), dental caries (using the DMFT index), and the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions. ANOVA for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical data were used in the statistical analyses, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: Thirty percent of the 250 individuals said they used tobacco. Compared to smokers (3.8%) and non-users (0.7%),smokeless tobacco users (9.4%) had a substantially greater prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (p<0.01). With higher scores seen in tobacco users, the mean DMFT score was 2.4 ± 1.6, indicating a moderate prevalence of dental caries. The OHI-S results showed that tobacco users had worse oral hygiene than the rest of the sample. Conclusion: Among Jharkhand's tribes, tobacco use—particularly smokeless tobacco—is closely linked to increased prevalence of oral mucosal ulcers and poor oral health. These results highlight the necessity of focused public health initiatives that encourage tobacco cessation and promote dental health.
Advances in Digital Prosthodontics: A Scoping Review of CAD/CAM and 3D Printing
(People's University, 2025-06) Pandey, A; Shrivastava, KJ; Shukla, S; Singh, S.
The integration of digital technologies in prosthodontics has revolutionized dental practice by significantly enhancing accuracy, efficiency, and patient-centered outcomes. Traditional prosthodontic workflows, which have relied on manual impressions, wax modeling, and labor-intensive fabrication processes, are increasingly being replaced or supplemented by advanced digital techniques. This scoping review systematically analyzes peer-reviewed literature from key databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to evaluate the impact of Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and 3D printing, on prosthodontic treatment planning and prosthesis fabrication. Findings indicate that CAD/CAM technology improves prosthetic accuracy by up to 30% compared to conventional methods, with milled restorations demonstrating higher marginal adaptation and reduced remakes. Similarly, 3D printing reduces material waste by 50% while enabling rapid and customizable prosthesis fabrication.
Perception of dentistry Among First Year Students from Medical , Paramedical and Dental Profession
(People's University, 2025-06) Zaidi, FZ; Nagar, H; Shrivastava, N; Kaushik, N
Background- Understanding the perception of dentistry among medical, paramedical, and dental students is crucial for fostering interdisciplinary respect, improving collaboration, and addressing prevailing misconceptions about the field. This study aims to assess and compare the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of dentistry among first-year students enrolled in medical, dental, nursing, and pharmacy programs. Materials & MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among first-year students from medical, dental, nursing, and pharmacy programs. A structured questionnaire containing 16 questions was distributed to evaluate students' knowledge of dentistry, their perceptions of its importance within the healthcare system, and their attitude toward pursuing dental careers or collaborating with dental professionals. The collected data was analyzed to identify significant differences in perceptions among the various academic disciplines. ResultsPreliminary findings revealed that dental students had a significantly greater understanding of the scope and relevance of dentistry compared to their peers in medical and paramedical fields. Many medical, nursing, and pharmacy students were found to underestimate the complexity and critical role of dentistry within the broader context of healthcare. Common misconceptions included viewing dentistry as less vital profession than other healthcare professions. However, interprofessional exposure positively influenced perceptions across all groups. ConclusionsThe study highlights the importance of increasing awareness and understanding of dentistry among non-dental healthcare students. Implementing interprofessional educational initiatives can help bridge existing knowledge gaps, correct misconceptions, and foster a more collaborative and integrated approach to patient care. Strengthening interdisciplinary connections will ultimately benefit both healthcare education and the quality of comprehensive patient management.
A Review of Occlusal Considerations in Different Treatment Modalities for Implant-Supported Full-Mouth Rehabilitations
(People's University, 2025-06) Dara, H; Parlani, S; Thakur, J; Maurya, A
Occlusal considerations are crucial for the success of implant-supported full-mouth rehabilitation in completely edentulous patients, ensuring proper force distribution, preventing implant overload, and enhancing prosthetic stability. Different treatment modalities, such as implant-supported overdentures, fixed prostheses, All-on-4, and All-on-6 systems, require distinct occlusal approaches. Implantsupported overdentures depend on balanced force distribution across implants and the residual ridge, utilizing occlusal schemes like balanced occlusion, group function, and mutually protected occlusion. Minimizing lateral stress on posterior implants and ensuring anterior guidance with posterior disocclusion is essential for implant longevity. For implant-supported fixed prostheses, axial loading helps reduce lateral stress and maintain stability, while a non-interfering occlusion prevents overloading. Canine guidance or group function ensures even force distribution, protecting posterior implants from excessive lateral forces. The All-on-4 and All-on-6 systems require occlusal designs that minimize lateral forces, with anterior guidance allowing posterior disocclusion and group function distributing laterotrusive forces to protect the canines. The All-on-6 system, with additional implants, improves stability and load distribution. Across all implant-supported systems, proper planning of implant positioning, occlusal design, and prosthetic materials is vital for long-term success. A well-balanced occlusion enhances function, prevents complications, and improves patient satisfaction, ensuring the longevity of implant-supported rehabilitations.
Study of Quality Control in Clinical Hematology Laboratory by Using Six- Sigma in a Medical College &Tertiary Care Center
(People's University, 2025-06) Akhtar, S; Maimoon, S; Datta, A; Jagtap, S; Dongre, P; Acharya, M
BACKGROUND: Clinical laboratories' unpredictable and counterfeit results have grave implications for patients. Sigma metrics is a standardized tool for assessing the quality of test results in a laboratory. The goal of quality control in the hematology laboratory is to make sure that reliable test findings are created with the vital precision and accuracy. The quality control system aims to keep record and track the analytic processes, identify investigative errors during the process of analysis, and prevent inaccurate patient values. Six ? is a distinguished quality management approach that employs statistical tool or methods to identify removable flaws and variations of observations .In this immediacy of the research gap, the study was undertaken to evaluate the quality of the analytical performance of clinical hematology in laboratories by calculating sigma metrics. MATERIALS & METHODS: The study was conducted at Central Clinical Laboratory, NKP SIMS RC & LMH Nagpur. Internal quality control (IQC) datasets of 5 analytes were analyzed retrospectively in 2 months from May 2023 to June 2023 by using Advia -2120 - 5 Part Cell Counter. The analytics were assessed for red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), platelet (PLT) and white blood cell (WBC) etc. RESULTS: The highest coefficient of variation percentage (CV %) value was 8.7% for platelet and the lowest was 0.93 % for Hb. The highest Bias percentage value was 6.5% in Hb and the lowest was 1.70 % for WBC. In case of IQC, Hb, WBC, RBC, HCT, PLT the criteria sigma value for world class performance was seen in Hb & HCT, good to excellent performance in RBC &WBC, poor performance for PLT. CONCLUSION: The Advia -2120 - 5 Part Cell Counter would be excellent, with an expressive range of 5 to > 6 sigma values. The accuracy performance is more suitable for routine examination of research intervention, because of its accuracy and reproducibility, the imprecision is within acceptable levels. However, the low sigma expression is an indication for Vigorous monitoring and Corrective and Preventive Action (CAPA) will be implemented by advice.
Correlation between Blood Sugar Parameters and Lipid Profile Parameters Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
(People's University, 2025-06) Gupta, M; Ali, A; Upadhyay, R; OP, Nayaka
Background: The relationship between dyslipidemia and diabetes is particularly significant, as hyperglycemia not only induces apoptosis in the ?-cells of the islets of Langerhans but also influences the extent of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) accumulation. Hence; the present study was conducted for assessing correlation between blood sugar parameters and lipid profile parameters among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Materials & Methods: A detail history was taken and a complete physical examination and clinical evaluation of each subject was done and details were entered in the pre-designed proforma. Patients diagnosed as diabetes Mellitus according to ADA criteria were included in the present study. Serum Triglycerides, Total cholesterol and HDLcholesterol were analyzed by enzymatic methods with the help of Glaxo kits on ERBA Chem-5. Serum LDL cholesterol was calculated by Frederickson-Friedwald's formula according to which LDL cholesterol = Total cholesterol - (HDL cholesterol + VLDL cholesterol). VLDL cholesterol (VLDL-C) was calculated as 1/5 of Triglycerides. All the results were recorded in Microsoft excel sheet and was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software. Results: The highest frequency of subjects was in the 51-60 age group (66 subjects, 33.0%) followed by the 41-50 age group (58 subjects, 29.0%).It was revealed that there exist significant correlations between HBa1c and TC (r = .689, p < 0.01) HBa1c and TG (r = .581, p < 0.01) and HBa1c and LDL (r = .579, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most serious global health problems.To conclude, the results of this study revealed a strong positive relationship betweenHbA1c and TC, TGs, and LDL, while showing a negative relationship with HDLand FBS, PPBS.
Unresponsiveness Does Not Always Indicate A Conversion Episode - A Unique Case Report
(People's University, 2025-06) Murari, SK; Agarwal, R; Dubey, V
This case report discusses a 22-year-old male presenting with multiple episodes of unresponsiveness, excessive daytime sleepiness, and disturbed nocturnal sleep over the past 1.5 years. Initially suspected to have a seizure disorder by neurologist, the patient's investigations were normal, leading to a referral for psychiatric evaluation in view of functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder). On detailed history taking and examination in psychiatry out-patient department, patient was instead found to be suffering from narcolepsy with cataplexy (Type 1). Patient showed significant improvement in symptoms, including cessation of cataplexy and improved sleep patterns, on treatment with methylphenidate. This case highlights the importance of history taking and examination for accurate diagnosis and effective management of sleep-wake disorders like narcolepsy which often get undiagnosed in out-patient department settings.
When Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder Isn't Functional: A Case Report of Basal Ganglia Infarct Mimicking Psychiatric Illness
(People's University, 2025-06) Agarwal, R; Jain, S; Dubey, V
Functional neurological symptom disorder, also known as “conversion disorder,” is a common source of disability in medicine. Patients have often been misdiagnosed, correctly diagnosed after lengthy delays, and/or subjected to poorly delivered diagnoses that prevent diagnostic understanding and lead to inappropriate treatments, iatrogenic harm, unnecessary and costly evaluations, and poor outcomes. A 45-year-old female presented with sudden onset muteness, generalized weakness, and excessive daytime somnolence, initially suggesting a diagnosis of conversion disorder. However, an MRI scan revealed an acute infarct in the right basal ganglia and a small infarct in the left gangliocapsular region, indicating a vascular infarct as the underlying cause. This case highlights the importance of considering neurological examination in patients presenting with unusual symptoms, duration, and treatment response, to avoid misdiagnosis and provide accurate treatment. It also emphasizes the complex interplay between psychological and neurological factors in patients presenting with unusual symptoms.
Assessment of Dental Caries Experience and Treatment Needs Among 12 and 15-Year-Old Schoolchildren in Government and Private Schools of Bhopal City
(People's University, 2025-06) Ali, SM; Jain, S; Sharva, V; Nahar, S; Waseeullah, M; Sharma, S
Background: Dental caries remains one of the most prevalent chronic conditions among school-aged children. Monitoring caries prevalence and treatment needs at key WHO index ages (12 and 15 years) provides valuable insight for public health planning. The study was aimed to assess and compare the prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs among 12- and 15-year-old children studying in government and private schools in Bhopal city. Materials & Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted over 3 months among 730 schoolchildren (12 and 15 years old) selected from government and private schools in Bhopal. Data collection included a visual-tactile dental examination using a dental explorer, based on WHO Dentition Status and Treatment Need criteria (2013). Results: The mean DMFT score was significantly higher in 15-year-olds (1.69) than in 12-year-olds (1.34) (p = 0.032), and in government school children (1.90) compared to private school children (1.20) (p = 0.001). Children brushing twice daily had significantly lower caries experience than those brushing occasionally or once daily (p = 0.005). Snack consumption between meals was positively associated with higher DMFT scores (p < 0.001). Restorative care was the most common treatment need (32.9%), followed by preventive care (26.0%), with government school students showing significantly higher treatment needs across categories. Conclusion: Regular school-based oral health programs, preventive education, and timely restorative care are essential to address these gaps and improve oral health outcomes among school-aged children in Bhopal.
Patient’s Perception after treatment of Mandibular Fracture: A Questionnaire Based Retrospective Study
(People's University, 2025-06) Pillai, A; Thomas, S
Background - Accurate clinical and radiological evaluation of mandibular fracture help in establishing proper diagnosis and restoration of patient's aesthetic, neurological function, and overall oral functions. A proper planned management will improve patient's quality of life. The study includes trauma patients who have been diagnosed with mandibular fracture and their quality of life post operatively. Materials & Methods- Aretrospective study was conducted in our department of those patients who had been diagnosed and managed for mandible fracture in a period of 2023 - 2024. Their reports were examined to identify any post operative complication reported and the patients were interviewed for their postoperative quality of life via questionnaire. Results - Out of all the panfacial trauma only isolated mandibular fracture were included in the study. A total of 46 cases of isolated mandible fracture who had been operated in our department had been included. 32 males and 14 females with the mean age of 40 years formed the study group. Questionnaire included patient esthetics, malocclusion, speech and sensory deficit. 28 patients reported no complication post operatively where as 4 patients had reported post operative scars, 2 patients had malocclusion whereas 12 patients had sensory deficit. Conclusion - Among all the post operative complications, sensory deficit was reported most commonly in our study
Correlation of Serum Uric Acid Levels and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in A Tertiary Care Hospital
(People's University, 2025-06) Rai, A; Sukhwani, N; Rai, S; Gumashta, N; Mishra, P; Khanooja, N
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and oxidative stress. Serum uric acid (SUA) levels have been linked to T2DM, but the relationship remains unclear. This study was aimed to assess the association between SUA levels and duration of diabetes, glycemic control (HbA1c), and markers of metabolic syndrome in patients with T2DM. Materials &Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional observational study included patients with T2DM aged ?18 years, attending the OPD of General Medicine department. Patients with renal disorders, uricosuric drugs, renal calculi, chemotherapy, or unwilling participants were excluded. Results: Mean age was 51.69±15.104 years, with 55.6% females. Mean duration of diabetes was 11.55±6.47 years in patients with normal SUAlevels and 10.70±7.09 years in those with increased SUA levels. Significantly higher proportions of cases with raised SUA levels had HbA1c >8.5% (66.2% vs. 49.3%), whereas normal SUA levels had HbA1c <7.5% (31.3% vs. 11.7%). The association between SUAand HbA1c was statistically significant. Conclusion:This study suggests a positive correlation between serum uric acid levels and poor glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Clenched Cues: Unraveling the Overlap of Bruxism and Restless Leg Syndrome without Polysomno-graphy- A Case Report
(People's University, 2025-06) Jain, S; Murari, SK; Loya, MS
Sleep disorders are a prevalent and complex group of conditions that disrupt normal sleep patterns, significantly impacting overall health, safety, and quality of life. Sleep disorders can occur as primary disorder or in combination with other psychiatric disorders or sleep disorders. This case report presents a 40-year-old male with a complex set of symptoms characterized by bruxism and restless legs syndrome (RLS). Atherapeutic trial was successful but challenges in diagnosing still persisted. This case highlights the complexities of coexisting sleep disorders and the importance of personalized treatment approaches, emphasizing the need for further research into the treatment of these complex sleep disorders
The Changing Trends in the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among the Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
(People's University, 2025-06) Sureka, M; Khare, J; Bansal, S; Jindal, S
Background- Diabetes mellitus is global health problem & prevalence is increasing worldwide. In recent years, age of onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is decreased which has been seen in several studies. Thus, prevalence of T2DM among young population has increased. In India, there are less studies regarding age of onset of T2DM. In our study we studied age of onset of T2DM and its correlation with present age of persons with T2DM. Materials and Methods- All the persons with T2DM who visited our hospital satisfying inclusion criteria were enrolled after taking proper consent. Total 1000 individuals where included, age of onset of T2DM was noted and correlated with various epidemiological variables. Results- Among 1000 cases, 43.8% were males, while 56.2% females with mean age of onset of T2DM 47.61±9.54 years. In our study, 244 cases (24.4%) have self-reported age of onset ?40 years of T2DM of which 172 cases (70.5%) are ?40 years at present. The total cases of self-reported age of onset ?40 years of T2DM were 244 (24.4%) ; among them, 68 cases (27.86%) had Hypertension, 198 cases (81.14%) 2 had Body mass index >23 kg/m , 207 cases (84.83%) had family history of T2DM and 169 cases (69.26%) were engaged in physical activity <150 min/week. Conclusions- The prevalence of T2DM has increased drastically in recent past. The various risk factors play a significant role throughout the spectrum of all ages of onset of T2DM and must be addressed to delay the onset of T2DM.
Effectiveness of Sodium hypochlorite Chemothera-peutic Agents for Decontamination of Infected Dental Implant Surface: A Review Article
(People's University, 2025-06) Jain, S; Jain, R; Majhi, R; Muke, P
Peri-implantitis poses an imminent challenge to the field of implant dentistry. Peri-implant diseases are caused by bacterial biofilm colonizing implant surfaces. Prevention and management of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis rely on effective biofilm removal. Etiological treatment of periimplantitis aims to reduce the bacterial load within the peri-implant pocket and decontaminate the implant surface in order to promote osseointegration. Considering the promising findings of sodium hypochlorite and periodontal lesions, the aim of the review article is to evaluate the clinical effects of sodium hypochlorite oral rinse on peri-implantitis lesions.
Minimally Invasive Cosmetic Dentistry: Advance-ments and Scope
(People's University, 2025-06) Bhadra, U; Deshmukh, S; Gotmare, SK
The discipline of dentistry has undergone a profound transformation in recent decades, driven by rapid technological innovation, evolving patient expectations, and a growing societal emphasis on aesthetic enhancement and minimally invasive care. The evolving landscape of cosmetic dentistry reflects a growing emphasis on minimally invasive techniques that prioritize the preservation of natural tooth structure while delivering superior aesthetic outcomes. This article explores recent advancements in minimally invasive cosmetic dentistry, including the integration of laser technology, the rise of clear aligners and lingual orthodontics, and the development of ultrathin ceramic veneers and stratified feldspathic laminates. These innovations have been significantly enhanced by the incorporation of digital dentistry tools such as 3D imaging, CAD/CAM systems, and digital smile design, allowing for improved treatment planning and personalization.
Quest for the Best Cure: A Comparative Literature Review of Dry Socket Treatment Modalities
(People's University, 2025-06) Singh, S; Shrivastava, SS; Sharma, O
Dry socket, also known as alveolar osteitis, is one of the few common complications occurring after dental extraction wherein, sharp shooting pain, disintegrated clot formation, and delayed healing is observed. Despite extensive research, an optimal standardized treatment remains elusive owing to its multifactorial etiology such as, traumatic extractions, clot dislodgement, tobacco use, and microbial activity. A comparative analysis of 15 clinical studies was conducted to gauge the efficacy of different modalities with respect to pain relief and wound healing. This review aims to explore the different management techniques, ranging from traditional and conventional approaches such as honey/turmeric application, medicated dressings with eugenol to emerging regenerative treatments like low-level laser therapy and platelet-rich fibrin.
The Impact of Vitamin Deficiencies in Oral Cavity: A Review
(People's University, 2025-06) Kohli, S; Shinde, CV; Shinde, V
Vitamins are organic compounds and are derived from diet. They are required for proper growth, development and normal activity of body tissues. They play an important role in maintenance of oral health of an individual. They can be fat soluble or water soluble. The initiation, pathogenesis and increase in severity of oral and periodontal diseases, depends on the presence of vitamins in the body. Deficiency of vitamins can lead to increased risk of dental caries. They have a significant impact on the development of enamel, dentin and bone formation in the oral cavity. They affect the periodontal health of an individual
Endocrown: An Innovative Approach for Grossly Destructed Tooth
(People's University, 2024-12) Sharma, D; Mathur, M.
Endodontically treated molar rehabilitation is still difficult. The mechanical properties of molars are lost during endodontic treatment. As a result of the pulp and surrounding dentin tissues being removed, they become brittle. When repairing molars with significant coronal loss and endodontic treatment challenges, endocrown, a single partial restoration, may be an excellent option.
Misdiagnosed Case of Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumour in a Young Female
(People's University, 2024-12) Kakkad, A; Dhimole, A; Tiwari, S; Ghate, SM.
A misdiagnosed case of Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumour (AOT) which is clinically and radiographically diagnosed but due to lack of proper knowledge of pedodontics the case had not been treated properly and the lesion had become aggressive. The purpose of this case is to represent clinical and radiographic findings of AOT for education purposes. It's a misdiagnosed case of AOT in a young female patient. Surgical excision was done in the present case and no reoccurrence was reported. The present case was misdiagnosed by a pedodontist. We suggest that the cases in which there is a suspicion of a bigger or more aggressive pathology the opinion of an oral radiologist and oral pathologist always should be sought.

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