Indian Journal Of Applied Research

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Isolation Of Microplastic In Commercial Marine Fishes Of Balramgadi, Balasore, Odisha
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-04) Mohapatra, Nibedita; Singh, Bhumika; Parida, Puspanjali
Microplastic pollution is a global threat to living organism, including fish also. Fish sample were collected from Balramgadi and Chandipur cost, Balasore, Odisha for microplastic analysis. A total 8 different species (n>10) of fishes were collected randomly and send to laboratory for analysis. Afterwards length and weight were measured. Gills and gastro intestinal tracts (GIT) were extracted from each specimen from different species for microplastic (MP) analysis. The digestion, density separation and analysis methods for locating microplastics in the fish are presented in this paper. Microplastic are observed under stereomicroscope and pictures were clicked. Total 443 number of microplastic were identified. There are about 5 categorize of microplastic were found, those are fibers, pellets, fragment, films and microbeads. Microplastic with variation of colour were observed and those are blue, green, black, red, white and transparent. with fibre type for over 60% of all microplastic are most common in each species. Fragments were 20%, Film were 11%,8%pelletes,1%beads are present. From this investigation it is indicated that the fish contain microplastic from different species and isolated them accordingly. More over fish species are at risk in the marine the coast of Balasore, Odisha.
Exploring The Effects Of Dietary And Yeast Restrictions On Lipid Peroxidation And Lifespan In Drosophila Melanogaster
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-04) Udugade, Ratnamala Mahadev; Deshmukh, Ashish Ambadas; Gajare, Kavita Amrut
Dietary restriction (DR) is a powerful strategy for slowing down the aging process and mitigating age-related dysfunctions, often caused by oxidative damage from free radicals. Increased free radical activity leads to elevated levels of lipid peroxidation products, such as Malondialdehyde (MDA). In this study, we estimated MDA levels using the Wills method (1966) and assessed lifespan extension using the Bass et al. method (2007) in Drosophila melanogaster. The flies were divided into three groups: a control group, in which sugar-maize and yeast were not restricted, a second group was 40% sugar and maize-restricted, and the third was 40% sugar, maize, and yeast-restricted. The results showed a notable reduction in lipid peroxidation in both the experimental groups compared to the control. Furthermore, the lifespan was significantly extended in the 40% sugar and maize restriction group. In contrast, the group with restricted sugar, maize, and yeast showed reduced lipid peroxidation but did not experience an extension in lifespan. Since yeast is a key protein source, its restriction—along with carbohydrates—appears to limit the beneficial effects on lifespan. Conversely, restricting only sugar and maize while providing ad-libitum access to yeast led to both qualitative and quantitative improvements in lifespan.
Impact Of Public Distribution System On Food Security -A Study Of The Tribal People In The Two Blocks Of Purulia District In West Bengal
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-04) Bhattacharya, Sangeet; Babu, Swati Sinha
Purulia occupies 3rd position in terms of share of tribal population in West Bengal, where 18.45% of its population belong to the tribal communities (Census, 2011). It is one of the most backward districts of West Bengal and here people suffer from insufficiency of food and inadequate nutrition. In this study, we have investigated the status of food insecurity of 240 tribal households in the two tribal dominated blocks, namely Arsha and Balarampur. The result of the study shows that 67.65% of tribal households suffer from food insecurity. Results from probit regression regarding the impact of PDS along with other determinants on the food insecurity reveal that per day per capita calorie from PDS, possessing ration card have significant negative impact, while monthly family income, holding land have significant positive impact on food insecurity.
Adenomatoid Hyperplasia Of Minor Salivary Gland In Floor Of Mouth, A Rare Site Of Presentation
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-01) Vegiraju, Divyamani; Annepu, Sowmya; Kumar, T V V Vinay; Lagisetty Babu, Prasanth
Introduction: Adenomatoid hyperplasia of minor salivary glands is a rare benign condition causing painless swelling. Though documented in various oral cavities, it occurrence in the floor of the mouth is exceptionally uncommon. Case Report: A 56-year-old male presented with a painless swelling on the right floor of the mouth for 6 months. Examination revealed a 3x2 cm soft mass which was excised and sent for HPE. Examination showed normal-appearing mucous acini in lobules, chronicHistopathology: inflammation, and congested blood vessels, consistent with adenomatoid hyperplasia. This is the secondDiscussion And Conclusion: documented case of adenomatoid hyperplasia in the floor of mouth. Impinging teeth may contribute to its development. Complete surgical excision offers excellent prognosis. Although rare, clinicians should consider this benign entity in the differential diagnosis of oral swellings.
Effect Of Preservation (Icing And Salting) On Protein
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-04) Mohapatra, Nibedita; Mohanty, Priyanka; Parida, Puspanjali; Behera, Bhaskar
The present investigation was done to observe and analyse the level of food value about the high amount of nutrition i.e., proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are available in fish, which are easily affordable by common people. Indian major carps are very nutritious due to higher food value concentrations. Among the major carps, Rohu fish is of great demand in Indian fish market due to its amazing taste, aromatic flavour, radiant white colour meat, high food value as well as have good commercial value. As much to their importance in food industry, proper preservation is really necessary. There are a lot of methods used to preserve the fish out of which two methods are extensively used for preservation in India i.e., Icing and Salting. The food value properties show drastic changes during my research based upon preservation. Noting this point, the percentage concentration of protein, lipid and carbohydrate in iced and salted fishes were 23.67% and 11.27%, 26.13% and 13.10%, 32.09% and 08.97% respectively. These values are lower than that of fresh fish which indicates that chemical changes and proteolytic degradation has occurred due to preservation for longer time. Hence the findings of our present work is that the food value concentrations in salted fish is lower than the iced fish. Hence, ice preservation is comparably more efficient than the salting method.
Detection Of Inherited Pathogenic Variants Brac1/2 In Breast And Ovarian Cancer
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-01) Ponnusamy, Kalidas; Muthusamy, Sureshkumar; Ramasamy, Manonmani; Appadurai, Nirmala
The occurrence of breast and ovarian cancer among the Indian population is gradually increasing. It is important to determine the major predisposing factors involved in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). In-depth genomic and functional analyses are necessary to identify the pathophysiology of inherited BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, which can shed light on the processes underlying cancer development. Hence, this study intends to screen the variants of BRCA1/2: 185delAG, Exon 11 (1307delT), c.5946del and Exon 21 (c.8680C>T) among breast and ovarian cancer patients using the PCR-RFLP method. Patients with early onset of cancer between the ages of 25 to 50 were selected to screen for the inherited predisposing traits as these genes are believed to be inherited. The prevalence of BRCA1 (185 DelAG) mutation was found to be 4 among breast cancer and 3 among ovarian cancer patients. The incidence of BRCA1 Exon 11 (1307delT) was 12%. The results show that the deletion mutation variant (c.5946delT) of BRCA 2gene was 12%. The occurrence of T for C substitution (mutant c.8680C>T of BRCA2) was detected in 14% of amplified samples. The statistical significance was obtained due to the smaller sample size. In conclusion, this study shows that the selected variants have certain involvement in cancer development. We have screened other reported inherited variants to conclude their role in the development of breast/ovarian cancer. This will help us in categorizing high-risk populations and postulating treatment and preventive modalities.
Green Lifestyle:- A Holistic Approach To The Sustainable Living
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-04) Singh, Vikram; Parvesh
We can understand the meaning of green lifestyle as a lifestyle in which the earth's natural resources are used properly without harming them, which creates a favourable environment for human life. But we have often heard that the environment is being damaged, climate change is happening, all this is a sign of environmental degradation. Humans in particular and partly nature are responsible for this. Green lifestyle can include some techniques like saving water, reducing, recycling and reusing things, using electricity-less bulb, reducing the use of single-use plastic, etc. If green lifestyle is not adopted in time, then its adverse effects can be seen in future.The main topic of discussion in this paper will also be how humans can save the environment and the future by changing their daily activities. For this, important steps taken by the government are also leading.
Spatio-Temporal Pattern Of Agricultural Productivity In Haryana
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-04) Manisha
Agricultural productivity may be defined as the “ratio of index of local agricultural output to the index of total input used in farm production” (Shafi, 1984). Agricultural productivity plays an important role in the fulfilling the need of food of the growing population of an area. In the present research work, an attempt has been made to analyse the changes in agricultural Productivity spatially and temporally in the Haryana. The time period at which the analysis has been done is 1991-92 and 2011-12. The changes have been examined by Bhatia's Method of agricultural productivity. High index value of agricultural productivity was observed in Kurukshetra (112.89) district of northern and followed by Fatehabad (110.79) district of western agro climatic zone. On the other hand low index value of agricultural productivity was observed in Bhiwani (70.13) district of western and Mahendragarh (70.20) district of southern agro climatic zone during 2011-12 in the state. All these outcomes show that agricultural productivity index shows remarkable changes during the period in the state.
The Role Of NEP-2020 On Aligning Of The Constitutional Provisions And Constitutionalism
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-04) Kiritbhai, Mahida Nirajkumar; Runja, Samir A.
This study explored to the NEP-2020 aligning with the Constitutional provisions and Constitutionalism with it is presented concept of welfare state. Aim of the policy is to ensure Equity, Inclusivity and Quality in education by promoting constitutional Mandates, Fundamental Rights and Duties. It extends the Right to Education from 6-14 to 3-18 years, and promotes gender and social inclusion, besides supporting mother tongue-based education and also follows to the DPSP by enhancing access to early childhood care and Education, vocational training and promotes education for weaker section of society. The NEP-2020 emphasizes decentralized governance, Institutional autonomy, and Scientific nature to create a Holistic, Innovation-driven Education system by recognizing education as a concurrent subject and presented Decentralization and Federalism with protect and promote languages included in 8th Schedule of the Constitution of India.
Spectrum Of Sickle Cell Variants Diagnosed By High Performance Liquid Chromatography
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-04) Ninama, Dhwani; Jagirdar, Ami; Samani, Radhika
Objective: Haemoglobinopathies are the most common genetically inherited disorders. Sickle cell disease and its variants result from an abnormal hemoglobin, hemoglobin S (HbS) caused by a single point mutation in Beta-globin gene. Early diagnosis is required so that the next generation can be safeguard against these diseases. Nowadays, HPLC is the most common diagnostic procedure for hemoglobinopathies in India as it is more accurate and rapid. This is a prospective observational study conducted in theMethod: Department of Pathology, SMIMER Hospital, Surat, Gujarat who had sickle solubility test positive or patients with family history or with abnormal smear findings. This study highlights the diversity of sickle cell variants and importance of accurate diagnosis for effectiveResults: management. Cation exchange HPLC is emerging as one of the best methods for screening and detection of variousConclusion: haemoglobinopathies with rapid, reproducible and precise results.
Eco-Friendly Decolourization Of Azo Dyes Using Dried Banana Trunk: A Sustainable Approach
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-04) D, Nivethini; S, Gayathri.
Environmental pollution has become a major problem in diverse areas. This in turn affects the health of diverse organism. Whenever pollution is taken into account, water bodies get polluted by several waste dumped in it. Industrial effluents that get mixed up in water bodies results in accumulation of several toxic substances, metals, etc. The contaminated water poses a major risk to all living organisms. These man-made problem results in major health disorder as well as a major impact in disrupting the biodiversity. Several approaches were employed in order to tackle the problem but it is more challenging as physical and chemical methods employed in treatment of waste water effluents produce different carcinogenic substances. Waste generation also has become an issue. Thus, the current work aims in integrating the idea of decolourizing the azo dye present in the effluent using dried banana apparent trunk that may be thrown as a waste.
Factors Influencing Currency Rates In Brics Countries
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-04) Dhanasekar, E; DS, Abinav.
Exchange rates play a crucial role in influencing the economic structure of nations, influencing trade balances, investment flows, and financial stability. This study examines the key macroeconomic factors that impact currency exchange rates in BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) over the period from 2013 to 2023. By reviewing economic key measures like GDP growth, inflation, interest rates, and trade balances, the study finds trends and correlations that impact the valuation of currency. Regression analysis is used to assess the statistical significance of these factors, providing insights into their role in exchange rate fluctuations. The findings reveal that GDP growth has a significant impact on currency appreciation, whereas inflation and interest rates show minimal direct influence. The study contributes to the existing literature by offering a focused analysis of exchange rate determinants in emerging economies, aiding policymakers, investors, and researchers in formulating strategies for financial stability and economic growth in BRICS nations.
Study Of Incidence Of Postoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis In High And Moderate Risk Patients In Surgical Ward In Tertiary Care Center
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-04) Shanker, Abhay; Deep, Abhinav; Mohanty, Amit; F, Salman Ahmed
Deep vein thrombosis by definition is formation of blood clot within the deep veins. These are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing major abdominal and orthopedic surgery. 18 months of study was done. High or moderate risk of deep vein thrombosis admitted in General Surgery ward. 75 patients among the 82 screened, completed the study protocol. There were 5 deaths and 2 dropouts. 4 of the death were documented as due to sepsis and MODS, one due to acute myocardial infarction. None of the patients who died had any clinical features of Pulmonary emboli or DVT.
Comparison Of Mccoy Laryngoscope And King Vision Videolaryngoscope For Intubation In Simulated Cervical Spine Injury
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-04) Soni, Sweta Rajeshbhai; Parikh, Hetal; Patel, Chinar
Spinal cord damage prevented by either MILS or a cervical collar. However, these methods make airway management difficult. This study was undertaken to compare the King Vision Laryngoscope and the McCoy blade to evaluate ease of intubation in simulated cervical spine injury. 102 patients of ASA grade I and II, without anticipated difficult intubation, were divided into two groups. Group K (51) were intubated using a channelled king vision video laryngoscope and Group M (51) using a McCoy laryngoscope. All were intubated after applying rigid cervical collar following induction. The intubation difficulty score and the time taken for intubation were recorded. IDS score was significantly lower in group K than in group M (P value <0.0001) and there was no significant difference in the time taken for intubation. KVL provides easier intubation with better glottic visualization and good hemodynamic stability compared to the McCoy laryngoscope.
Diffusion Weighted Imaging Of Midbrain Hyperintensity And Its Clinical Correlation
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-04) Ghodke, Dhananjay D; Meshram, Sumedh S
Background & Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive and specific technique for diagnosing disorders of the brainstem, midbrain in particular. Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) is the cornerstone in assessing midbrain infarction. Entities visible in the midbrain are highly diverse in their natures as well as treatment and prognosis and they can often pose a challenge for radiologists. The purpose of this study is to assess the brainstem hyperintensities & correlate clinically before arriving at a final diagnosis. (1) 100 patients (Males: 57, Females: 43) with midbrain hyperintensity were retrospectively analysed. DWIMaterials And Methods: was obtained with the b-values 0 and 1000s/mm² on 1.5 Tesla Siemens Magnetom Avanto MRI machine. On assessing MRI Brain, all theResults: 100 patients showed brainstem hyperintensity on diffusion weighted (DWI) sequences with restriction on corresponding ADC sequences. Out of these, only 3 patients, showed clinical signs specific for midbrain infarction (i.e.- Internuclear ophthalmoplegia & cerebellar signs.) Rest 97 patients had no clinical features specific for midbrain infarction but showed brainstem hyperintensity on diffusion weighted (DWI) sequences with restriction on corresponding ADC sequences. Diffusion restriction in midbrain should be considered significant only if theConclusion: patient shows clinical features specific for midbrain infarction, if not it should be overlooked as if may be due to other reasons.
Exploring The Impact Of Music Therapy On Self Efficacy And Anxiety In Internship Students Of Medical College
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-04) Das, Dishanki; Razdan, Ram Ghulam; Raguwanshi, Ankit; Bajpai, Suvaran Sagar
Background: Stress is an important psychosocial factor influencing college students during their university education, while anxiety and depression are the common consequent mental health disorders. Music can affect our emotions. When people are in different moods, the content and emotions they perceive from music vary significantly. There are numerous cases of music therapy for anxiety or depression abroad. However, in India, relevant clinical practice or specific research is still quite scarce. Therefore, this study analyzes the efficacy of music therapy. All 100 subjects were tested before the experiment, and their SAS standard score andMethodology: GSES total scale score were recorded. After music therapy of three months, their SAS standard score and GSES total scale score were retested and recorded respectively. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were conducted with statistical tools. For this study 100Results: subjects were taken. Out of them 4 students had severe anxiety as per GSE and SAS scales and 38 students had mild to moderate anxiety. For subjects with mild to moderate anxiety Music Therapy was given for three months out of which 22 showed significant improvement and score came under normal range, while the rest 16 showed improvement in their anxiety scores. For subjects with severe anxiety Music Therapy along with pharmacological therapy was administered and they showed significant improvements in their score. Music therapy has aConclusions: good effect on relieving students' anxiety and increasing self-efficacy, which is worthy of publicity and promotion. Self-efficacy is negatively correlated with symptoms such as anxiety and depression. Compared with male students, female students are more vulnerable to anxiety. Psychological counselling departments in colleges and universities should pay more attention to the psychological problems of students.
Peroneus Longus - A Promising Autograft For ACL Reconstruction Surgery!
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-04) Jagiasi, Jairam; Sarukte, Vijay; Pandav, Karan
Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common ligamentous injuries of the knee, often requiring surgical reconstruction to restore joint stability and function. This paper aims to compare ACL reconstruction using peroneus longus tendon and hamstring grafts, analyzing their biomechanical properties, clinical outcomes, and potential complications. By evaluating the advantages and limitations of each graft, this study seeks to provide insights that could inform surgical decision- making and optimize patient outcomes in ACL reconstruction. A total of 80 patients diagnosed with ACL tears requiringMaterials & Methods: surgical intervention were included and divided into two equal groups of 40 patients each: the Peroneus Group and the Hamstring Group. Patients were evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months post-operatively. The primary outcome measures included: functional outcomes, knee stability, graft integrity, and donor site morbidity. The functional outcomes, as measured by IKDC, Lysholm, FADI, and AOFAS scores, wereResults: significantly better in the Peroneus Group. The higher IKDC and Lysholm scores reflect improved knee function, while the FADI and AOFAS scores highlight better preservation of ankle and foot function. The peroneus longus tendon is a promising alternative to theConclusion: hamstring tendon for ACL reconstruction.
Prevalence And Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns Of Enterococcus Species In Clinical Samples
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-04) Yogi, Purva; Jain, R.; Patidar, Naveen Kumar
Background: Enterococcus species are emerging nosocomial pathogens with increasing antimicrobial resistance, particularly to vancomycin. This study evaluates the prevalence, species distribution, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Enterococcus isolates from clinical samples. An analysis of 150 Enterococcus isolates from urine, pus, blood, and bodyMethods: fluids was conducted. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using standard microbiological methods, following CLSI guidelines. E. faecalis was the predominant species, followed by E. faecium. Urine samples were the most commonResults: source. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was observed in a significant proportion of isolates, with high resistance to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) prevalence was 9.3%, more common in E. faecium. Linezolid and teicoplanin remained effective. The rising VRE and MDR Enterococcus burden highlights the need for surveillance, infection control, andConclusion: antimicrobial stewardship programs to prevent further resistance spread.
Critical Insights And Challenges Following Modified Radical Mastectomy In Breast Cancer Patients
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-01) Ashok, Abhishek; Chaudhary, Ashish Kumar; Arti; Rana, Yamini
The study evaluates early complications following modified radical mastectomy (MRM) in breast cancer patients, emphasizing its prevalence and outcomes in resource-limited settings. Conducted in India, this prospective study analyzed 88 patients between January 2022 and January 2024. The results reveal a high incidence of postoperative complications, with seroma formation (44%) and wound infections (30%) being the most common issues. Other complications included persistent arm pain (28%), flap necrosis (3%), and early lymphedema (3%). The study identified significant risk factors for these complications, such as advanced stage III disease, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Notably, 81% of patients presented with advanced-stage disease, contributing to the elevated rates of complications. These findings align with global literature but underscore disparities in surgical infrastructure and patient management protocols in resource-constrained settings. Comparative analysis shows that the incidence rates in this study exceed those reported in high-resource settings, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. Recommendations include better preoperative optimization, patient education, and enhanced surgical and postoperative care protocols. The study also calls for advancements in surgical techniques and the development of tailored rehabilitation strategies to mitigate complications. In conclusion, the study provides critical insights into the challenges of managing breast cancer in low-resource environments. We can significantly enhance patient outcomes and recovery quality by addressing these gaps through improved healthcare strategies. Future research should focus on larger, multicenter trials and explore the long-term impact of interventions aimed at reducing complication rates in breast cancer treatment.
Spontaneous Caecal Perforation Following Lower Segment Caesarean Section: A Rare Case Report And Literature Review
(The Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2025-04) Kumar, Supreet; Bhalerao, Aishwarya S; Tandon, Vivek; Govil, Deepak
Spontaneous perforation of the caecum is an unusual surgical emergency, particularly in post–caesarean section patients. We report the case of a 28?year?old female who developed a cecal perforation six days after a lower segment caesarean section (LSCS). The patient exhibited signs of peritonitis and shock, and emergency surgery revealed a 2 × 2 cm perforation on the anterior aspect of the cecum with significant faecal contamination. A limited Ileo caecal resection with diversion loop ileostomy was performed with subsequent recovery. This report reviews potential pathophysiological mechanisms—including postoperative ileus and Ogilvie's syndrome—and discusses various management strategies.

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