Indian Journal Of Applied Research

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Risk Factors And Road Traffic Accidents On Mumbai–Pune Expressway
(World Wide Journals, 2018-01) Kumar, S Ashok; Patni, Neeraj; Wagh, Prashant J; Kadlas, Dilraj
INTRODUCTION:Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death among people aged between 15 and 29 years. Road traffic crashes cost most countries 3% of their gross domestic product. Without sustained action, road traffic crashes are predicted to become the seventh leading cause of death by 2030.METHODS:170 patients who met with an accident on Mumbai-Pune Expressway and who presented to Emergency Department of MGM Medical College and Hospital were studied and analyzed.RESULTS:In our study we noted that human factors (68%) contributed the most followed by vehicle (12%) and infrastructure (7%) among which over speeding (65.07%), alcohol (34.70%), fatigue/ sleep (34.22%), obstacle (21.70%) were the most common responsible factors for RTAs.CONCLUSION:Maximum RTA’s occurs in the productive age group. The need for drivers / road user’s education, road maintenance and putting in place a well-organized rescue and pre-hospital care team is emphasized.
Clinicopathological Study Of Oral Cavity Mass Lesions In A Tertiary Care Centre Of North India
(World Wide Journals, 2018-01) Sharma, Priyankar; Jain, Dileep Kumar; Verma, Anil Kumar; Mishra, Jyoti; Srivastav, Srijan; Gupta, Vivek
Background: Oral mass lesions, especially the potentially malignant and malignant lesions are a major health concern for a developing country like India. They pose a serious health and economic burden.Aims: This study was carried out to analyze the clinical profile and reaffirm the frequency of various causes causing mass lesions in oral cavity in different age-groups in a tertiary care centre of North India.Materials and Methods:All patients who had oral mass lesions and attended Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, General Surgery and the Dentistry of Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Safedabad, Barabanki and Department of Surgery of School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida in two years (2015-2016) were included in the study.Statistical Analysis:All the analysis was carried out on SPSS 17.0 version (Chicago, Inc., USA). The results are presented in percentages. The Chi-square test was used to assess the associations between categorical variables. The p-value<0.05 was considered significant.Results:Of 126 cases with oral lesions, we found that 66 (52.4%) were benign, 12 (9.5%) were pre-malignant and 48 (38.1%) were malignant lesions. Squamous papilloma was the most common benign lesion followed by fibroepithelial hyperplasia. The premalignant lesions observed in our study in the decreasing order of frequency were leukoplakia, lichen planus and submucous fibrosis. The malignant lesions comprised of squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma. Conclusion:In our study it was found that though the benign oral lesions are commoner that malignant but still these form significant numbers. Hence the origin and the nature of oral cavity lesion should not be decided on clinical assessment alone but should also take into account the histopathological evaluation of the lesion also.
A Prospective Study Of Result Of Fixation Of Acetabular Fractures
(World Wide Journals, 2018-01) Kalia, Guncha; Saha, Salil
Background: Aim of the study was to evaluate the results of operative procedures for fixation of Acetabular fractures and the complications and functional outcomes related to them.Material and Methods: Total of 20 patients who presented at DMC, Ludhiana and who presented with acetabular fractures between 2002 to 2005 were included in the study and were analyzed prospectively for maximum of 15 years to assess their functional outcomes after operation. Data of patients related to duration of hospital stay, mode of injury, injury surgery interval, associated injuries, surgical approach, amount of blood loss during surgery, post operative complications and functional scores were recorded.Results: Out of 20 patients evaluated in the study, functional outcome was assessed according to Harris Hip Score. Excellent results were obtained in 13 patients, good results in 2 patients, fair results in 2 patients and 3 patients had poor results.Conclusion: As compared to patients treated by conservative means, operative fixation of acetabular fractures provides stable fixation and better results.
Role Of Adjuvant Radiotherapy In Carcinoma Endometrium
(World Wide Journals, 2018-01) Padmavathi, B.
Background: Endometrial carcinoma usually present in 6th and 7th decades of life averages age of 60. Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer presenting a decade earlier when compared with western world. Surgery is the primary treatment for non metastatic endometrial carcinoma followed by adjuvant radiotherapy used in selected cases depending upon adverse histopathological features like stage and grade.Topic was undertaken to study the significance of adjuvant radiotherapy in post operative cases of carcinoma endometrium in decreasing the recurrence.Methods :20 patients of postoperative cases of carcinoma endometrium were selected depending up on the post operative histopathological report. The entire patient were given adjuvant radiotherapy.Results :30% of patients developed grade I gastrointestinal, toxicity. 30% of patients developed grade I bladder toxicity. 19 patients completed adjuvant radiotherapy along with brachytherapy, I patient received intracavitary brachytherapy only.Conclusion :Adjuvant radiotherapy (External Beam radiotheraphy plus vaginal brachytherapy) to operative cases of carcinoma endometrium, significantly decreased the relapse.
Changes In The Haemodynamic Response Following Endotracheal Intubation And Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion In Hypertensive Patients– A Comparative Study
(World Wide Journals, 2018-01) Majumdar, Tushar; Debnath, Joydeep
Endotracheal intubation with the help of a laryngoscope has become a routine part of delivering a general anaesthetic. In general, intubation is indicated for patients who are at risk of aspiration and for those undergoing surgical procedures (1,2).Tracheal intubation causes a reflex increase in sympathetic activity that may result in rise in blood pressure, heart rate, and arrhythmia (3). Achange in plasma catecholamine concentrations also has been demonstrated to be a part of the stress response to tracheal intubation. Various supraglottic devices have provided conflicting evidence of an attenuated haemodynamic response. Materials and Methods:100 Patients divided into two groups (n=50)of 25-60 years of age of either sex with hypertension stage-1 of ASAgrade II on oral anti-hypertensives drugs were selected for the study and endotracheal tube inserted in ETgroup where as LMAinserted in group LMA.Results:Haemodynamics (heart rate, blood pressure, rate pressure product) changes is more in group ETafter induction compared to group LMA.Conclusion:Pressor response and duration of the pressor response to laryngeal mask airway insertion is much less than that of laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation which establishes the usefulness of LMAin hypertensive patients.
A Study Of Clinical Profile & Outcome In Children With Sam Admitted In Dhiraj Hospital.
(World Wide Journals, 2018-01) Amroliwala, Rakesh; Rathore, Ashutosh Singh; Odedara, Tejal; Soni, Pooja
INTRODUCTION:Undernutrition is widely prevalent and major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age in India. Mortality among children with undernutrition is nine times more than well-nourished children. Even with the establishment of the Nutritional Rehabilitation Centre (NRC), data on undernutrition has not improved from NFHS -3 to NFHS- 4.OBJECTIVE:The primary objective of the study was to to evaluate the clinical profile of Severe Acute Malnutrition patients and to evaluate effect of socio-economic status on the outcome of management of children with SAM. MATERIALAND METHODS:Aobservational study was carried out among 61 undernourished children of 6-59 month of the age admitted under Nutritional Rehabilitation Centre of a tertiary care institute from December 2015 to December 2016.Demographic, clinical presentation, anthropometry, laboratory tests, hospital stay & outcome indicators were recorded. Modified Kuppuswamy classification was used to categorise socio-economic status of patients. Patients were followed up after 15 days and 1 month of discharge.RESULTS: -A total of 61 children with SAM were analyzed. Among them 64.94% were below the age of two years. Proportion of severely wasted, severely stunted and severe underweight children were 91.8%, 88.52%, and 91.97% respectively. 21.31% of the study participants had edema. Most common co morbidity was respiratory tract infection (42.62%). Most common clinical feature was loss of subcutaneous fat prevalent in (65.57%) and sparse hair (47.54%) amongst children enrolled in study. Average weight gain was 13.05 g/kg/day Among 61 patients, 62.29% recovered while,16.40% and 21.31% had inadequate response and failure to response, respectively on discharge. while 65.58% participants came for complete of all 2 follow ups, Among patients who came for complete follow-up 50.58% were recovered, 1.64% had relapse, 6.56% patients inadequate response and 6.56% patients were failed to show response.CONCLUSION-NRC provides life saving care.Acute gastroenteritis and respiratory tract infection were significantly associated with under nutrition in our study. loss of subcutaneous fat most common clinical presentation. In oue study NRC is affective in management with 62.29% recovery rate and 0% mortality, Maternal education, paternal education, socioeconomic status was not significantly associated in our study.
Effects Of Air Pollutants On Lung Functions Of Traffic Policemen Of Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India
(World Wide Journals, 2018-01) Bharti, Mahendra Kumar; Varudkar, H. G.; Julka, Arti
Background- Maximum Air pollution is at road side. It can cause acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Traffic policemen are continuously exposed to pollutants. Study was done for lung function assessment of traffic policemen of Ujjain city. Methodology- Detailed history and clinical examination were done. Spirometry was done before and after duty with Spirolab III machine. Results-100 traffic policemen 98% were male and 2% female. Duty place- roadside-90% and office -10%.Daily exposure- 63% were 6 hours or less and 37% were more than 6 hours. Service length- 79% had 10 years or more period. Spirometry results were pre duty 60% normal , 33% restrictive, 4% obstructive and 3% mixed . Air quality index of Ujjain was good and satisfactory. Conclusion-Spirometry is a good tool for lung function assessment and diseases (asthma, COPD) detection. Regular health check-ups, spirometry, facemask use and quit smoking are essential for healthy lungs.
Early Release And Split Thickness Skin Grafting Of Upper Eyelid Burns To Prevent Eyelid Ectropion
(World Wide Journals, 2018-01) Boopathi, K.; Sudha
Upper Eye lid burns are more common among the eye injuries. Adequate acute management of eyelid burns is necessary to prevent ectropion .Ectropion of the upper eyelid is usually associated with constant danger of kerato conjunctivitis, corneal ulceration, scarring or perforation with loss of vision. The present study reviews 20 patients admitted for upper eyelid burns in the Department of Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Govt Kilpauk Medical College & Hospital Chennai between January 2013 November 2014. our study analysis the results of early release of eyelid burns and collagen application on the day admission and Early grafting with SSG.20 Cases of upper eyelid burns were selected for release and grafting.17 cases were flame burns, 2 cases were acid burns and one case was scalds injury. Incision and collagen application on the day of admission and early split thickness skin grafting plays an important role in preventing the post burn cicatrical ectropion.
Differentiation Of Lung Masses With Radiodensity Determined Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography
(World Wide Journals, 2018-01) Sasane, Amol Gorakhnath; Sangapwad, Amar
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in both males and females. The disease has a poor prognosis with an overall 5-year mortality rate of approximately 84% (1). Twenty patients with lung cancer, 25 with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and 5 with inflammatory lung pseudotumors diagnosed by CTand confirmed by pathology in our hospital were selected. There were no significant differences in the radiodensities of the masses detected by plain CTamong patients with lung cancer, TB and inflammatory lung pseudotumors (P> 0.05). However, there were significant differences (P< 0.01) between all the groups in terms of radiodensities of masses detected by contrast enhanced CT. The radiodensities of lung masses detected by contrast enhanced CTcould potentially be used to differentiate between lung cancer, pulmonary TB and inflammatory lung pseudotumors.
Chromohysteroscopy Role In Evaluation Of Intrauterine Cavity Lesions In Perimenopausal Women Of Aub
(World Wide Journals, 2018-01) Prasad, Indira; Prasad, Urmila; Aggarwal, Kiran; Trivedi, SS; Agarwal, Kiran
Aim: To evaluate the role of chromohysteroscopy in detection of intracavitary lesions in perimenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in 100 perimenopausal women with AUB who underwent transvaginal sonography, conventional hysteroscopy and chromohysteroscopy. Atotal of 34 cases in our study group underwent hysterectomy and specimens were sent for histopathology. Histopathological examination was carried out by a clinical pathologist who was blinded regarding hysteroscopic findings. Diagnostic accuracy of hysteroscopy and chromohysteroscopy in detection of intracavitary lesions was then studied keeping histopathology as the gold standard.Results: 2Mean age of the study group was 43.49 ± 3.42yrs, average parity was 3 and mean BMI was 25.41± 3.41 Kg/m. 40% cases presented with menorrhagia, 38% with polymenorhagia, 9% with metrorrhagia and 4% with postmenopausal bleeding. Hysteroscopy revealed normal cavity in 59 cases, intracavitary lesions were detected in 26 cases (submucous fibroids in 14, endometrial polyps in 11, and growth with areas of necrosis in one case), synechiae in 2 cases and diffuse endometrial disease was suspected in 17 cases (hyperplastic in 13 cases and polypoidal in 4 cases. On chromohysteroscopy, most of the intracavitary lesions (72%) either did not stain or the uptake was very minimal giving an unstained appearance in comparison to the surrounding endometrium. The lesions thus got demarcated and separated from the surrounding endometrium. The conventional hysteroscopic, chromohysteroscopic and histopathologic findings were then compared with each other. The diagnostic accuracy of conventional hysteroscopy in detecting polyps was found to be high (Sensitivity-85.71 %, specificity- 92.59%, positive predictive value- 75.0%, negative predictive value- 96.15% ; P<0.001). Its diagnostic accuracy in detecting submucous fibroids was also high (Sensitivity-92.31 %, specificity- 90.47%, positive predictive value 85.71%, negative predictive value- 95.00 %;(P<0.001). The diagnostic accuracy of chromohysteroscopy in detecting intracavitary lesions as unstained areas was also found to be significantly high (Sensitivity-80.0 %, specificity- 78.57%, positive predictive value- 84.2%, negative predictive value- 73.34% ; (P<0.01).Conclusion:The diagnostic accuracy of both hysteroscopy and chromohysteroscopy in detecting intracavitary lesions is high. However, differential staining on chromohysteroscopy made these lesions look more prominent and easily identifiable to the observer.
Prevalence Of Ncds And Its Correlates Among Young Population Of Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Study
(World Wide Journals, 2018-02) Arya, Vimal; Tiwari, Nitin
Background– Non–communicable diseases (NCD), also known as chronic diseases include cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke, most forms of cancers and injuries. Changes in lifestyles, behavioral patterns, demographic profile, socio–cultural and technological advancements are leading to sharp increases in the prevalence of NCDs among young population. Objectives– To assess the burden of non communicable diseases and their correlation with various factors present among young population of Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh. Methods– Surveys were collected from a total of 770 participants chosen by simple random sampling. Semi–structured schedule was used to collect information and STEP–wise Approach to surveillance (STEPS) by World Health Organization was followed. Data analysis was done by using Epi–info software 7.2.1.1. Results– Amongst total 770 respondents, 462 (60%) males and 308 (40%) females. Out of total 431(55.97%) had presence of one of the non communicable diseases (CVS, Diabetes, Hypertension and Cancer) in their parents. The main risk factors were lack of physical activity, eating unhealthy diet and lifestyle changes. Conclusion– The young population needs to motivate and government has to implement promotive services about the lifestyle changes and dietary modifications for good health. Make recommendations for the improvement of health services of young population.
Histological Study- The Effects Of Various Fixatives On Kidney
(World Wide Journals, 2018-02) Prakash, Ved; Hussein, Muktyaz
Fixation is the critical step in processing tissues. Following tissue removal from the body, autolysis begins and proceeds more or less quickly depending on many factors, including the level of enzymes or microorganism present in the tissue. We studied effect of five different types of fixatives. An essential part of all histological and cytological techniques is preservation of cells and tissues as they naturally occur. The aim of the current study is to see the effect of following fixatives namely 10% formalin, Buffered 10% formalin, Bouin’s fluid, Zenker’s fluid, Carnoy’s fluid on liver tissues and to observe the optimum result in a particular fixative in H&E sections. There is no single fixative which can be considered as best fixative for all purposes. Best fixatives for architectural preservation are Carnoy’s fluid and Zenker’s fluid. Best fixative for study of nuclear details is Bouin’s fluid.
Evaluation Of Tensile Strength Of Gutta Percha Cones With Different Disinfectant Solutions - An In Vitro Study
(World Wide Journals, 2018-02) Solanki, Himanshi; Niphadkar, Sushrut; Gulve, Meenal; Kolhe, Swapnil
This study was done to evaluate the tensile strength of gutta–percha using 5% sodium hypochlorite(SH), 2% chlorhexidine(CH) and 1% peracetic acid disinfectant solutions. 40 guttapercha cones of size 30(6% taper) were obtained from sealed packs as 4 different groups. Experimental groups were disinfected using 5% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine, 1% peracetic acid respectively except the control group. Then tensile strength of gutta–percha cones were measured using the universal testing machine. The mean tensile strength values for group I, II, III, IV are 7.003MPa, 8.49 MPa, 6.60MPa and 9.45MPa respectively. Results were subjected to statistical analysis one–way analysis of varience test and unpaired ‘t’ test. 1% peracetic acid decreased tensile strength significantly as compared to 5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine. The result concluded that the least decreased in tensile strength is for chlorhexidine followed by sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid.
Maternal And Perinatal Outcome In Obstructed Labour
(World Wide Journals, 2018-02) Soren, Mamata; Patnaik, Ranjita; Mishra, Sonali
Background– Obstructed labour is a life threatening obstetric complication associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality .Maternal mortality is largely due to PPH, puerperal infection or rupture uterus and perinatal mortality is mainly due to asphyxia. Methods– Prospective study of two years duration with sample comprised of 250 cases of obstructed labour randomly selected from all patients admitted to labour room with obstructed labour were included in this study. Results – The incidence of obstructed labour was 3.67% .72% were referral cases. Majority were primigravida(60.8% ) and between21–30 years(72.4%) .Common causes were Cephalopelvic disproportion( 54.4%) , malpresentation and malposition( 42%) and fetal malformation (1.6%).Delivery was by Caesarean section (80.4 %), forceps application ( 6.8 %)and destructive operations (1.6% ).Out of 28 cases of ruptured uterus,17 (6.8%) and11(4.4%) were managed by subtotal hysterectomy and uterine repair respectively.Maternal morbidity was 86.4% , causes being Puerperal pyrexia (37.6%) , post partum haemorrhage (20.8%) and wound infection (14.4%). Maternal deaths (1.6%) due to endotoxic shock and primary PPH.Perinatal mortality was21.14%. Commonest causes of neonatal morbidity were birth asphyxia (38.33%) of live births, jaundice (29.96%) ,septicaemia (18.94%) and Meconium aspiration syndrome (13.66%). Most of neonatal deaths were due to severe birth asphyxia (54.17%) followed by septicaemia (20.83%) Conclusion – Obstructed labour is a frequently encountered obstetric complication associated with very high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. It can be prevented by providing good nutrition and optimal obstetric care .Effective antenatal care and early detection of risk factors and timely referral will prevent the complication due to obstructed labour.
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b Syndrome: A Rare Case Presentation
(World Wide Journals, 2018-02) Walse, Rohit; Mankar, Siddharth; Lomte, Nilesh
Multiple endocrine neoplasia Type 2b is a rare syndrome caused by mutations in RET proto oncogene. It is a rare entity, which is found 1 in 30,000 people. We report a case of 35–year–old male patient who presented with 1 episode of syncope; had bumpy lips and mucosal neuromas over the tongue which on detailed biochemical and radiological investigations turned out to be MEN Type 2B syndrome
Localised Gingival Overgrowth- Issues Revisited
(World Wide Journals, 2018-02) Kumathalli, Kanteshwari; Rahalkar, Apurva
A variety of localised gingival overgrowths are encountered by a clinician on a regular basis, specially a dentist encounters such growths very frequently; although all the growths show similar clinical features, it is their histological features which are different for each type of growths. Though ignored in daily practice, but histological examination is the only method to form the correct diagnosis avoidance of which could sometimes lead to ignoring serious consequences like malignancies. This article reviews and presents three cases of such growths i.e. Peripheral odontogenic fioma which is a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm, Fioid and Pyogenic granuloma. It stresses upon the importance of histopathological examination of all such gingival conditions, and how it is ignored and should be mandatory for such cases.
To Compare Efficacy Of Dexmedetomidine And Tramadol In Treating Post Subarachnoid Block Shivering And Their Side Effects
(World Wide Journals, 2018-02) Agrawal, Shankar; Jain, Sourabh; Waindeskar, Vaishali; Jain, Arti; Bansal, Akanksha
Background: Shivering is a frequent complication of regional anaesthesia. This study aimed to compare efficacy of Dexmedetomidine and Tramadol in treating post subarachnoid block shivering and their side effects. Methods: Prospective, experimental, randomized, comparative study of 60 patients of ASA grade–l & II of either gender, aged 18 to 60 years scheduled for elective surgeries, under subarachnoid block were allocated to two groups: Group T (n=30) received intravenous (IV) Tramadol 0.5 mg/kg and Group D (n=30) received IV Dexmedetomidine 0.5 µg/kg. Grade of shivering, time interval from treatment to cessation of shivering, hemodynamics and side effects were observed. Results: Recovery time from shivering was 40.34(± 6.20) sec in Dexmedetomidine whereas 210.3(±26.97) sec in Tramadol group. Side effects nausea and vomiting in Tramadol group whereas sedation and adycardia in Dexmedetomidine group were significant. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine offers better thermodynamics than Tramadol.
To Study The Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Aspiration In Lactational Breast Abscesses: A Hospital-Based Study
(World Wide Journals, 2018-02) Sharma, Kunal; Dagla, Rajan
Breast abscess is a common cause of morbidity in women. While they are less common in developed countries as a result of improved maternal hygiene, nutrition, standard of living and early administration of antibiotics, east abscess remain a problem among women in developing countries (Ioannis H and Nigel JB, 2002). AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The following were the aims and objective of this study. 1. To establish the role of ultrasound–guided percutaneous aspiration of east abscess as a treatment modality in lactational east abscess. 2. To establish role of ultrasound as a diagnostic modality in localization of residual lactational east abscess. 3. To formulate the outcome of intervention/procedure after overall outcome of the present study. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present, observational study was conducted on 30 patients with clinically diagnosis of lactation east abscess in the Postgraduate Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Jammu. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Needle aspiration is simple to carry out and is well tolerated by patients. Patients do not require hospitalization, and clinical improvement is rapid. In the present study in every case, ultrasound imaging revealed the fluid collection. The percutaneous procedures used in the treatment of east abscesses do not produce any cosmetic alterations, and the results obtained are satisfactory. There is no need for general anesthesia or operation, and no in–hospital stay, and postoperative dressings and discomfort after aspiration therapy are minimal. There is also a low occurrence of the troublesome milk ﬁstulae that often follows incision and drainage. This technique should become the standard of practice in the management of east abscesses. US–guided needle aspiration is a minimally invasive therapy in combination with antibiotics is found to successfully treat most east abscesses.
Fetus In Fetu
(World Wide Journals, 2018-02) Lakhani,Payal; Souza, Flavia D; Kulkarni, Ketki; Bendre, Pradnya
Fetus–in–fetu (FIF) is an uncommon pathology with an incidence of 1 in 500000 births. Less than 200 cases have been reported worldwide. Multiple theories are proposed regarding emyogenesis 1,2. The anomaly can be antenatally diagnosed or present at later age as abdominal lump or complications due to pressure symptoms. We report a case of antenatally diagnosed fetus in fetu which was removed in neonatal age.
Is There Really A Need Of Vacuum Tubes In Blood Specimen Collection?
(World Wide Journals, 2018-02) Sonone, Kanchan K; Varma, Santosh G; Salunkhe, Vaishnavi; Abichandani, L. G
Introduction – Pre–analytical phase consists of large proportion of laboratory errors. Proper blood collection and timely processing are critical and first pre–analytical steps required for integrity of laboratory results. The influence of blood collection devices on laboratory tests is often overlooked. In this review, we aim to study the effect of blood collection devices on biochemistry test results. Materials and method – All samples examined were collected from patients that had been referred to laboratories for various clinical chemistry assays. In total 100 patient’s samples were monitored at our institute. Venous blood samples were collected of the same patient using two different modes 1) In vacuum tubes 2) In non–vacuum tubes Parameters analysed were LFT (SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Bilirubin) KFT (urea, creatinine) in plain tubes and Blood Glucose in fluoride tubes. Results and Conclusion – It was observed that there was no significant difference in the results of biochemical parameters analysed from vacuum and non–vacuum tubes. The p–value was not significant. (p>0.05). Thus although incidence of hemolysis, contamination etc. are less in vacuum tubes, non–vacuum tubes have their own advantage of being cost–effective which can be favourable for a government setup where patient load is huge.

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