International Archives of Integrated Medicine

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A short communication on Oncocytic Lesions of the Thyroid gland
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2025-05) Rathod, G.; Banka, S. S.; Mishra, M.; Parmar, P
Oncocytic lesions of the thyroid, often referred to as Hurthle cell lesions or oncocytic changes, represent a subset of thyroid pathologies characterized by mitochondrial-rich, eosinophilic cytoplasm. Oncocytic lesions of the thyroid are covering a wide spectrum of lesions e.g. benign hyperplastic nodules to malignant thyroid neoplasms. It is very important to understand their biology, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies for clinicians as well as pathologists alike. The most common clinical presentation of patients with oncocytic thyroid lesions is a painless thyroid nodule which is discovered incidentally or during evaluation for goiter or any other thyroid lesion. According to the WHO 2022 Classification of Tumors of Endocrine Organs, oncocytic lesions of the thyroid are recognized as a distinct subset of follicular-derived neoplasms. The WHO emphasizes the importance of rigorous histopathological criteria to differentiate benign from malignant oncocytic lesions and the need for molecular profiling to complement histological findings. Ongoing research will help to refine management approaches, principally for malignant oncocytic lesions. It is very much needed that endocrinologists, pathologists, and treating surgeons collaborate with each other for optimizing patient outcomes. This article emphasized on unique clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and pathological aspects of oncocytic thyroid lesions
Paediatric Ocular Sarcoidosis in Calabar, Nigeria: A case report
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2025-05) Dennis, Nkanga E; Ekpo, Bassey G; Uket, Ewa A; Dennis, Nkanga E; Thelma, Agweye C; Dennis, Nkanga U; Nkanga, DG
Background: Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous inflammatory disorder of unknown origin that affects multiple organs, most commonly the lungs. Ocular involvement is documented, occurring in 13–79% of patients with systemic disease. However, paediatric sarcoidosis is rare, with an unclear global prevalence. Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, radiologic findings, and exclusion of differential diagnoses, with biopsy confirmation when possible. We report a case of paediatric ocular sarcoidosis in Calabar, Nigeria with initial symptoms of respiratory disease, presentation and treatment in the paediatric chest clinic one year prior to diagnosis. Conclusion: Sarcoidosis can manifest in a variety of ways and may be an under-reported disease in Nigeria. Corticosteroids are a useful first line treatment option. This case highlights the importance of Elizabeth Dennis Nkanga, Glory Ekpo Bassey, Atana Uket Ewa, Essemfon Dennis Nkanga, Chineze Thelma Agweye, Uforo Dennis Nkanga, Dennis George Nkanga. Paediatric Ocular Sarcoidosis in Calabar, Nigeria: A case report. Int. Arch. Integr. a high index of suspicion, early recognition and comprehensive ocular assessment in paediatric sarcoidosis to prevent and appropriately manage blinding complications.
Cytologic Detection and Clinical Significance of Candida Species in Sputum: A Comprehensive Review
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2025-06) Rathod, G.; Teja, A. A.; Sai, S
Candida species are common commensals of the oro?pharyngeal mucosa, yet their presence in sputum cytology continues to generate diagnostic uncertainty. This narrative review synthesises cytomorphologic hallmarks, diagnostic adjuncts, and evolving clinical evidence to guide cytopathologists and clinicians in differentiating colonisation from true infection. Characteristic sputum findings include 3–4?µm budding yeasts with elongated pseudohyphae penetrating desquamated squamous cells amid acute inflammation. Conventional culture remains standard but is slow and less sensitive; fluorescent real?time PCR, ??d?glucan, and mannan/ anti?mannan assays provide faster, more sensitive detection, although interpretation still hinges on clinicoradiologic correlation. Recent series show that while invasive Candida pneumonia is exceedingly rare (<1?%), persistent lower?respiratory colonisation is associated with higher mortality in hospital?acquired pneumonia, more frequent exacerbations in COPD, and impaired lung function in bronchiectasis. Judicious reporting e.g., “Candida spp. present; may represent colonisation versus infection in the appropriate clinical context”together with adherence to IDSA antifungal guidelines, optimises patient management.
Histopathological Study of Lesions in Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2025-04) Aman, Jain; Prachi, Mehta
Background: Lesions of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (PNS) encompass a broad spectrum of pathological entities ranging from non-neoplastic inflammatory conditions to benign and malignant neoplasms. Despite their anatomical proximity, the diversity in tissue types and exposures contributes to the wide histological variation. Histopathological examination remains the definitive method for diagnosis. To evaluate the histopathological spectrum of lesions in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, determine the incidence of various neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions, and compare findings with those reported in previous studies. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 727 cases received in the Department of Pathology, SBKS MI & RC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, between August 2018 and August 2021. Specimens were subjected to gross and microscopic evaluation using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Special stains were applied as required. Lesions were categorized as nonneoplastic, benign neoplastic, premalignant, or malignant based on histopathological features and classified according to the WHO classification system. Results: Out of 727 cases, 649 (89.27%) were non-neoplastic, and 78 (10.73%) were neoplastic. Among neoplastic lesions, benign lesions (n=40; 5.5%) were more common than malignant (n=28; 3.86%). The most frequently encountered non-neoplastic lesion was inflammatory nasal polyp. Among malignant tumors, squamous cell carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma were the predominant types. A male preponderance was observed, with the highest incidence in the second and sixth decades of life. Conclusion: Non-neoplastic lesions form the majority of sinonasal lesions; however, early diagnosis of neoplastic lesions - especially malignant - remains critical due to their potential morbidity. Aman Jain, Prachi Mehta. Histopathological Study of Lesions in Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses. Int. Arch. Integr. Med., 2025; 12(4): 8-14. Page 9 Histopathological examination continues to be the gold standard in accurately diagnosing these diverse lesions.
The Role, Composition, and Action Plan of Clinical Competency Committees in Forensic Learning
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2025-02) Parmar, Pragnesh; Rathod, Gunvanti
Clinical Competency Committees (CCCs) are essential for ensuring the effective assessment and development of learners in forensic science education. This article explores the roles, members, and lines of action of CCCs in forensic learning, providing practical examples to illustrate their function. The analysis highlights how CCCs contribute to maintaining high educational standards and preparing students for professional practice in the forensic field. In the Indian scenario, Competency-Based Medical Education has been implemented since 2019 but Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA) and the Clinical Competency Committee have not yet been placed in the curriculum which hampers proper delivery of CBME and fails to match international standards of medical education.
Stress: A Hidden Culprit in Hypothyroidism – A Homeopathic Perspective
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2025-03) Yadav, Ashok; Soni, Deepali
Hypothyroidism is a prevalent endocrine disorder with multi-factorial causes such as iodine deficiency, autoimmune diseases, and genetic predispositions. However, recent studies suggest that chronic stress may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism. Stress leads to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, altering thyroid function by increasing cortisol levels, suppressing thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and reducing T3 and T4 production. Homeopathy, with its holistic approach, aims to address the root causes of illness, including stress-induced thyroid dysfunction. This article explores the pathophysiological link between stress and hypothyroidism, highlights homeopathic remedies beneficial in managing stressinduced thyroid dysfunction, and underscores the need for an integrative approach to treatment.
Exquisiteness of Gingiva - A Case report
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2025-03) Tabasum, Syeda T
Periodontal attachment loss in the anterior region can often lead to esthetic and functional clinical problems including disproportional and elongated clinical crowns, visible interdental embrasures and altered linguoalveolar-labiodental consonant production. Gingival replacement is often a component of comprehensive prosthodontics. Gingival prostheses may be fixed or removable and may be made from acrylics, composite resins, silicones or porcelain-based materials. Assuming fixed prosthetic reconstructions will be chosen to treat these areas, it becomes a hygienic compromise to fill these areas in with porcelain. In the presence of these problems, an acrylic resin gingival prosthesis is an easily constructed, inexpensive and practical device to optimize the esthetic and functional outcome in these special situations while permitting cleansing of the prosthesis and supporting tissues. Undercuts or dental attachments are used to secure removable prostheses, which are esthetically pleasing and easy to maintain. This article presents a case report and step-by-step technique for the fabrication of a gingival prosthesis
Diagnostic Accuracy and Risk Stratification of Salivary Gland Lesions Using the Milan System: A Retrospective Study from Western India
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2025-04) Prachi, Mehta; Aman, Jain
Background: Salivary gland lesions form a small but significant proportion of head and neck pathologies. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a crucial diagnostic tool due to its minimally invasive nature and high diagnostic yield. However, due to the heterogeneity of salivary gland lesions, diagnostic challenges remain. To streamline reporting and enhance diagnostic accuracy, the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) was introduced. This study aims to analyze the applicability and accuracy of MSRSGC in a tertiary care hospital setting in Western India. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted from January 2017 to December 2022 in the Department of Pathology, SBKS MI & RC, Vadodara, Gujarat. A total of 120 FNACs of salivary gland lesions were included. Cytological smears were stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Papanicolaou, and May-Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) stains. Histopathological correlation was available in 50 cases. Risk of malignancy (ROM) was calculated for each MSRSGC category. Results: Most lesions were classified under Category IVa (Benign neoplasms), with pleomorphic adenoma being the most common diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV (Positive predictive Value), NPV (Negative predictive Value), and diagnostic accuracy for malignant lesions were calculated. The ROM for each MSRSGC category was compared with existing literature. Prachi Mehta, Aman Jain. Diagnostic Accuracy and Risk Stratification of Salivary Gland Lesions Using the Milan System: A Retrospective Study from Western India. Int. Arch. Integr. Med., Conclusion: MSRSGC is an effective classification system that provides consistency and clarity in reporting salivary gland cytopathology. It enables better clinical correlation and management of patients
Cardiac Rehabilitation with Nordic Walking Versus Cardiac Rehabilitation with Brisk Walking in patients on medical management after an Acute Coronary Syndrome – A comparative study
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2025-01) M., Srija; BNS, Gayathri
Objective: To examine Heart Rate (HR), Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and Physical fitness (assessed with Fullerton Functional Fitness Test) by giving Cardiac rehabilitation with Nordic Walking and Cardiac rehabilitation with Brisk Walking in patients on medical management after an Acute Coronary Syndrome(ACS). Materials and methods: Randomized Experimental design was used in this study. 40 ACS patients were randomly allocated into two groups Group A and Group B. Cardiac rehabilitation with Nordic Walking was performed to Group A (n=20) and Cardiac rehabilitation with Brisk Walking was performed to Group B (n=20) for 12 weeks to assess the improvement in HR, RPE and Physical fitness. Physical fitness was assessed using Fullerton Functional Fitness Test carried out before and after the total session of 12 weeks intervention. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that in within group comparison, Group A showed significant improvement (p<0.05) in HR, RPE and Physical fitness whereas Group B showed significant improvement (p<0.05) in HR, RPE and 4 components of Fullerton Functional Fitness Test. Comparison between two groups showed that Cardiac rehabilitation with Nordic Walking indicated M. Srija, BNS Gayathri. Cardiac Rehabilitation with Nordic Walking Versus Cardiac Rehabilitation with Brisk Walking in patients on medical management after an Acute Coronary Syndrome – A comparative study. Int. Arch. Integr. Med., 2025; 12(1): 1-11. Page 2 statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) than that of Cardiac rehabilitation with Brisk walking in HR, RPE and 4 components of Fullerton Functional Fitness Test in ACS patients on medical management. Conclusion: It was concluded that Cardiac rehabilitation with Nordic Walking is more effective than Cardiac rehabilitation with Brisk Walking in improving HR, RPE and Physical fitness in ACS patients on medical management.
Determining the knowledge and anxiety levels of cleaning workers regarding Covid19 and their attitudes toward the vaccine
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2025-02) Melike, EK?C? ERDEM; Media, SUBA?I BAYBU?A
Introduction and objective: Cleaning workers, who may contact with contaminated waste, are considered a high-risk group during the COVID-19 pandemic. The high transmission rate of the COVID-19 virus, its elevated mortality rate, the lack of effective antiviral treatment, and the inclusion of these workers in the high-risk group during the pandemic may lead to increased anxiety among workers. This study, conducted with a relational descriptive research model, aims to determine the knowledge, anxiety levels, and attitudes towards the vaccine among cleaning workers regarding COVID-19. Materials and methods: The study was conducted with 217 cleaning workers. To collect the data, a questionnaire form including the participants’ descriptive characteristics, the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, and the Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccine Scale were used. Results: The knowledge level of cleaning workers regarding COVID-19 did not show a significant difference in attitudes toward the vaccine. Those who received the COVID-19 vaccine showed significantly higher positive and negative attitudes toward the vaccine compared to those who did not get vaccinated. The study did not determine a significant relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine. However, it identified a moderate positive relationship between positive and negative attitudes toward the vaccine. Conclusion: The research results revealed cleaning workers to have low levels of COVID-19 anxiety and moderate levels of both positive and negative attitudes toward vaccine.
Individualized homoeopathic treatment for sciatica: A retrospective case series
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2025-01) Sharma, Jyoti; Chaudhary, Suman
Sciatica is a very painful condition that occurs due to pathology anywhere along the sciatica nerve pathway. Sciatica pain may occur in the lumbosacral nerve root or along the distribution of sciatica nerve. In the homeopathic literature several medicines are indicated for sciatica but limited clinic evidence-based studies are available. This case series generate preliminary data base for usefulness of homoeopathy in sciatica. Cases Summary: We presented three cases of chronic sciatica treated with homoeopathy remedies. The outcome was assessed on two criteria, first was pain assessed by Numeric rating score and second was quality of life of sciatica patients was assessed with Oswestry Disability Index Scale. The Pain was assessed at end of each month and the quality of life was assessed at base line and at the end of treatment. At the end of six months follow up both the score showed improvement after the homoeopathy remedy. Result point out preliminary evidence of utility of homoeopathy remedies in chronic sciatica and stimulate further research in this area.
Resin infiltrants - A review
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2025-02) Alresheedi, Bandar; Shujaulla, Syed
Tooth decay is a microbial, infectious and multi-factorial disease and is still globally a highly prevalent pathology. The management of Dental caries has dramatically changed in recent years, evolving from the traditional restorative treatment approach to a preventive approach, non-invasion or minimal invasion. Minimal intervention focuses on preventive or non-surgical methods to preserve dental hard tissues is a part of modern dentistry, this avoids any unwanted sacrifice of tooth structure, and also enhances the life of the tooth. Noninvasive management of non-cavitated caries lesions includes use of fluoride, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate or therapeutic sealants for occlusal lesions. Resin infiltration is a much more tissue conserving approach to arrest and control the initial carious lesions. This concept aims at occluding the highly porous structures of incipient enamel lesion by means of low-viscosity resins. The potential caries-inhibiting effect of resin infiltrate acts by occlusion of the pores within the body of the lesion in contrast to the sealing of caries lesions that depend upon the external occlusion of the lesion with the sealant material. This ultraconservative approach effectively builds a covalently bound three-dimensional polymer framework thus partially replacing the lost minerals, encapsulating the hydroxyapatite crystals, micromechanically interlocking the remaining enamel prisms, and acting as an effective barrier for hydrogen ions to inhibit further demineralization and to arrest subsurface lesion progress. The aim of this review was to assess the scientific basis, principles and clinical applications of resin infiltrates
Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Cichorium intybus
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2024-02) Riaz, Tahreem; Akram, Muhammad; Laila, Umme; Khalil, Muhammad Talha; Zainab, Rida; Iftikhar, Momina; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; So?owski, Gawe?; Alinia-Ahandani, Ebrahim; Altable, Marcos; Egbuna, Chukwuebuka; Sfera, Adonis; Adnan, Muhammad; Parmar, Pragnesh
Cichoriumintybus L., often known as chicory, is a Mediterranean plant species that is a member of the Asteraceae family. It has been known to have therapeutic benefits for a very long time. C. intybus is unique among the six species of Cichorium that are grown in Europe and Asia because of its wide range of uses in conventional medicine. The plant has been used in many traditional medical systems, especially in India, where it has been used to treat a wide range of illnesses, from diabetes to wounds. Chicory contains a wide range of phytoconstituents, including cellulose, proteins, sugar, flavonoids, polyphenols, carotenoids, anthocyanins, tannins, coumarins, sesquiterpene lactones, fatty acids, cholins, benzo-isochromenes, alkaloids, vitamins, and minerals. The diverse ranges of therapeutic benefits associated with C. intybus are partly ascribed to this phytochemical composition. The pharmacological actions of chicory, which have been demonstrated to range from hepatoprotective to anti-inflammatory, demonstrate the plant's versatility and its potential to treat a variety of illnesses. This article offers a thorough investigation of C. intybus L.'s phytochemistry and pharmacological applications. This review attempts to be a useful resource for researchers, medical professionals, and practitioners interested in using Cichoriumintybus's medicinal properties for improving human health by compiling the body of knowledge on the botanical and chemical aspects of chicory as well as its therapeutic applications.
Case report: Hidden Adenocarcinoma of the lung in an obese non-smoker presented with pulmonary embolism
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2024-02) Abeysundara, Anura; Jayakody, SDB; Udupihille, JJKH; Rathnayake, Jeewantha
Background: Lung carcinomas are responsible for the highest number of deaths among cancers in the world. The annual new incidences exceed 2.1 million, only secondarily to breast cancer. 70% of cases occur in smokers. The majority is presented with insidious onset features of chronic cough, shortness of breaths, recurrent pneumonias, weight loss and lethargy. Majority of incidentally found patients, who are asymptomatic are in the early stages, hence have a chance for surgical resection with a better prognosis. Case report: This 44-year-old obese, non- smoking male patient presented with a short duration of pneumoniaand venous thromboembolism (VTE) and a sudden onset of pulmonary embolism (PE). A secondary deposit found in the liver suggested an adenocarcinoma of the lung by immunohistochemistry. At the time of presentation, it was classified as stage 4. The patient had to be ventilated due to the respiratory difficulty accompanied with obesity, PE and pneumonia. Unfortunately, patient died seven days following admission to intensive care unit (ICU), not allowing for chemotherapy, which was the option of treatment.Conclusion: Hidden carcinoma of the lung can easily be missed in a non-smoker who is at a lower risk for lung cancer. Presence of VTE and PE in an obese non-smoker may mask the diagnosis further. Extreme vigilance, complete and through investigations are needed to diagnose a hidden carcinoma of the lung.
Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Burkholderia cepacia complex in blood stream infections in a tertiary care hospital
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2024-02) Patel, Dhwani; Mavani, Monika; Parmar, Kajal; Javadekar, Tanuja; Lakhani, Sucheta
Introduction: Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is ubiquitous in nature, present in water, soil, and plants. BCC is comprised of Gram-negative non-lactose-fermenting bacteria. Gram negative, non lactose fermenting Burkholderia cepacia complex has emerged as an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients owing to its high antibiotic resistance. This study was aimed to determine prevalence of Burkholderia cepacia complex and to evaluate sensitivity pattern of Burkholderia cepacia complex in blood stream infections in Dhiraj Hospital, Gujarat which is a tertiary care hospital and teaching institute. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology for a period from January 2022 to December 2022 of Dhiraj General Hospital, SBKS MI & RC, Waghodia, Gujarat. All samples were received in central laboratory and blood cultures were processed in BD BACTEC FX40. The positive culture bottles were sub cultured on Mac Conkey agar, Blood agar and Nutrient agar and were incubated for 24 hours at 37?C.The data was collected and analyzed statistically. Results: During the study period 31 positive samples for BCC were isolated from a total of 612 culture samples, thus the prevalence rate was 5.06% in our setup. BCC was found majorly in ICUs (65%) and in wards (35%).The isolates showed maximum sensitivity to Co-Trimoxazole (83.87%), followed by Ceftazidime (58.06%), Meropenem (54.83%) and Minocycline (51.61%).Conclusion: From various studies and our study we could conclude that there were variations in the results of drug sensitivity. So, there is need to properly isolate and do antibiotic sensitivity testing for better patient management. Prompt diagnosis is essential step to reduce mortality and establish infection control practices.
Antibiotic Resistant Pattern of threatening pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii in a tertiary care hospital
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2024-02) Mavani, Monika; Parmar, Kajal; Patel, Dhwani; Javadekar, Tanuja; Date, Vidya S
Introduction: Acinetobacter species are aerobic gram-negative bacteria that are ubiquitous in nature. Being a multidrug-resistant and an invasive pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections in the current healthcare system. It has been recognized as an agent of pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis, urinary tract and wound infections, and is associated with high mortality. We aimed this study to evaluate resistance pattern of a threatening pathogen i.e., Acinetobacter baumannii. Materials and method: The present study was conducted in Microbiology Department of SBKSMIRC, Dhiraj Hospital, Waghodia, Gujarat during May 2022 to December 2022. This study included all Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from all ages and microbiological specimens which were referred to Central Microbiology Laboratory of Dhiraj Hospital. The Non-Lactose fermenting, oxidase negative organisms are kept in VITEK 2 automated system for identification and sensitivity. All isolates identified as Acinetobacter baumannii were included in the study. Results: This study included a total of 52 isolates of A.baumannii. Out of which 33% were respiratory samples (sputum, Endo-tracheal secretions), 33% were pus samples, 11% were urine samples and 23% were included in other (blood, CSF, Body fluids). The most resistant drug was ceftriaxone (88.46%). Tigecycline was found to be 100% sensitive.Conclusion: This study concludes that Tigecycline is the only drug which is most sensitive for A. baumannii and other higher drugs such as Polymixin B, Colistin etc. shows less resistance. Acinetobacter infection would remain a therapeutic challenge in our hospital and health care settings due to the increasing rate of Acinetobacter species with traits of MDR and resistance to high potent antimicrobial agents.
A Review on Ethnobotanical, Pharmacological, and Conventional uses of Fumaria indica
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2024-02) Chishti, Muhammad Amjad; Ahmad, Rafiq; Riaz, Tahreem; Akram, Muhammad; Laila, Umme; Khalil, Muhammad Talha; Zainab, Rida; Iftikhar, Momina; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; So?owski, Gawe?; Alinia-Ahandani, Ebrahim; Altable, Marcos; Egbuna, Chukwuebuka; Sfera, Adonis; Adnan, Muhammad; Parmar, Pragnesh
An annual herb is known as "Fumitory," Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley (Fumariaceae), is a widespread weed in Pakistan's and India's plains. The plantis frequently employed in the Unani and Ayurvedic medical systems, both as a single herb and in different polyherbal preparations. It is helpful for aches, diarrhea, fever, influenza, liver issues, dyspepsia, constipation, vomiting, diuretic, anthelmintic, leukoderma, diaphoretic, blood purification, and for jaundice when combined with black pepper. It has several different chemical components, including carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, phytosterols, fixed oils, saponins, steroids, tannins, and more. According to research investigations, this plant has a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, analgesic, anticancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, aphrodisiac, and therapeutic effects on biliary disorders and irritable bowel syndrome. This review focused on the chemical components and pharmacological properties of this plant, which may be useful in future molecular and phytochemical research for the development of medication formulations for the treatment of various ailments.
Evaluation of vessel diameters in processed medical retinal images
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2024-12) Obreja, Cristian-Drago?
This study focuses on evaluating image processing techniques for measuring retinal vessel diameters, a critical aspect of medical image analysis for diagnosing vascular abnormalities such as diabetic retinopathy. Four algorithms, Canny Edge Detection, Marr-Hildreth Filter, Watershed Segmentation, and Chan-Vese Algorithm, were assessed for their segmentation performance and measurement accuracy. A dataset of 70 retinal images from the DRIVE database, comprising both healthy and diabetic retinopathy cases, was used. Each algorithm was implemented in MATLAB and tailored to address challenges like noise, intensity variations, and weak boundaries. Vessel diameters were calculated using a custom MATLAB algorithm based on the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of intensity profiles, with linear interpolation refining the measurements. This work highlights the potential and limitations of these algorithms in achieving accurate and reliable vessel segmentation for medical imaging applications.
"Effect of Variable Storage Media” on the Assessment of Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets – An In vitro Study
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2024-02) Kaur, Nameeta; Mushtaq, Mohammad
Introduction: Various storage media have been used in orthodontic shear bond strength studies, however, the effect of the storage media on human enamel has not been studied. Aim: The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of four commonly used storage media on the shear bond strength values of orthodontic brackets bonded on extracted human teeth. Materials and methods: A total of 60 freshly extracted non-carious premolars teeth were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 was stored in distilled water, samples of group 2 were stored in 10% formalin, group 3 were preserved in 70% ethanol and samples of group 4 were stored in isotonic saline solution. After a storage period of 30 days, the teeth were rinsed and brackets bonded with TransbondXT and the specimens were evacuated for shear bond strength. Results: The 10% formalin sample had statistically significant greater bond strength than the other test groups. The 70% ethanol group had statistically lower bond strength compared to the other groups. The distilled water and isotonic saline solution group showed bond strength which was comparable. Conclusion: Storage media have an effect on the bond strength results. Distilled water and isotonic saline storage produced comparable bond strength. Formalin and ethanol storage produced extreme variation in SBS.
Assessment of Root and Canal Morphology of Mandibular Second Molar Teeth in a Group of Kashmiri Patients: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study
(Educational Society for Excellence, 2024-12) Masoodi, Ajaz Amin; Zargar, Ab Wahid; Ahangar, Fayaz Ahmed; Shafia; Purra, Aamir Rashid
Mandibular second molars exhibit considerable anatomical variability, posing challenges during endodontic procedures. This study aimed to analyze the root and canal morphology of 100 mandibular second molars from 62 Kashmiri patients using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The study emphasized Vertucci’s and Fan’s classifications for canal configurations and C-shaped canals. Two- rooted molars predominated (86%), with Type IV (48%) and Type I (84%) configurations being most common in mesial and distal roots, respectively. C-shaped canals were present in 12% of cases, emphasizing the need for advanced diagnostic tools like CBCT to enhance clinical outcomes. These findings contribute to understanding the anatomical diversity in the Indo-Aryan Kashmiri population.

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