International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research

Permanent URI for this collection

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/234707

Editor: Dr. Kalpesh Gaur

ISSN: 0975-248X

Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://ijpsdr.com/index.htm

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 375

Multimodal Imaging Techniques and Theragnostic Approaches for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-06) Tote, M; Pingulkar, K; Baviskar, M; Sanap, M; Bansod, M; Morani, D
Since cancer is a complex illness, a multimodal strategy with a multidisciplinary team is necessary. Currently, chemotherapy, surgery, and/or radiation therapy are used in combination to treat cancer. Chemotherapy is currently recognized as the most effective cancer treatment, despite the fact that it is known to induce severe side effects in patients due to its non-discriminatory adverse effect on both normal and malignant cells. Understanding how drugs are distributed throughout organs and creating a site-specific drug delivery strategy that targets cancer cells are the primary problems in cancer and other complex chemotherapeutic diseases. Thus, it is essential to create innovative methods for the traceable and targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs. This review article's objective is to provide an overview of current tumor therapy methods and discuss their potential benefits in a multimodal strategy. There is growing optimism that significant improvements in illness diagnosis and treatment may result from the use of nanotechnology in medicine. Additionally, this review article offers an overview of multifunctional nanostructures used in medication delivery and cancer therapy.
Formulation and characterization of invasomes containing adapalene using box-behnken design
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-06) Singhai, Manu; Kori, Mohan Lal
This study concentrated on the creation and description of invasomes loaded with adapalene for improved topical delivery using a Box-Behnken experimental design. Invasomes, flexible vesicular carriers, were formulated with varying concentrations of limonene and ethanol as penetration enhancers and different levels of phosphatidylcholines and sonication time. The formulation parameters were changed to decrease size of vesicle as well as improve efficiency of entrapment (EE). A size of vesicle 96.65 nm, an EE of 73.32%, as well as potential zeta of -42.23 mV were all shown by the optimized formulation (F6). Drug release that is in vitro which studies indicated continued release of adapalene over 12 hours, with enhanced permeation observed with both limonene and ethanol as enhancers. Research on stability at 4°C and 25°C demonstrated good stability, with only slight changes in vesicle size and EE over 3 months. The results suggested that the optimized adapalene-loaded invasomes offered a promising strategy for improving the transdermal delivery and efficacy that is therapeutic of adapalene for treating dermatological disorders.
Phytochemical investigation and cytotoxic potential of leaf extract of Medinilla beddomei C B Clarke in breast cancer cell lines
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-06) Nair, Athira R K; Joseph, Elsam; John, Jinu
Leaves of the plant Medinilla beddomei were extracted using Soxhlet and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods using polar solvents, acetone, and methanol to find out the extraction efficiency. The profiling of the phytoconstituents was done by LC-Qtof-MS analysis. An in vitro MTT study was used to test the antiproliferative property of M. beddomei acetone leaf extract in two breast cancer (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) cells and a normal cell line (L929 cells). Cell migration was conducted by the scratch wound healing assay, and cell death was evaluated by the double staining method of ethidium bromide and acridine orange. The apoptotic potential of the leaf extract was examined in the cancer cell line and the observations were evaluated by flow cytometry. The findings of the studies show that ultrasound-assisted extraction using acetone as the solvent gave a better yield of phytochemicals. According to LC-Qtof-MS analysis, phytocompounds including phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and glycosides are present in the leaf extracts. The acetone extract showed significant anticancer properties when tested against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. MDA-MB-231 cells had an IC50 value of 68.27±0.83µg/ml, while MCF-7 cells had the lowest cell viability with an IC50 value of 46.19±1.58µg/ml. However, the plant extract showed negligible toxicity towards normal cells (IC50-386.12±4.07µg/ml). The acetone leaf extract of M. beddomei demonstrated a better antimetastatic effect in MCF-7 cells. Since this extract demonstrated apoptosis modulation at several stages of the MCF-7 cell cycle, it may be a promising target for medication research against breast cancer. The results of this investigation show that the acetone leaf extract of M. beddomei may have anticancer properties, and that ultrasonic extraction is a more effective method for extracting phytochemicals.
Bacopa monnieri: A Comprehensive Analysis of Quality Standards, Safety, and Regulatory Compliance
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-06) Sharma, Sanyam; Naman, Subh; Dwivedi, Jayesh; Ashawat, Mahendra Singh; Chandan, Arun; Baldi, Ashish
India's diverse topography and climate foster a rich repository of medicinal herbs, which includes Bacopa monnieri, whose therapeutic potential is outstanding. Traditionally rooted in Ayurvedic medicine, Bacopa monnieri is today gaining global popularity for its reputed neuroprotective, cognitive-enhancing, anti-cancer, and stress-relieving properties. Despite its increasing demands, many challenges are there to maintain quality, safety, and consistency against the backdrop of natural variability, contamination risk, and regulatory issues, even as the pressure is mounting from the global marketplace. Present research included study highlights organoleptic, microscopic, physicochemical, chromatographic, and toxicological parameters of Bacopa monnieri from standard literature and regulatory frameworks such as the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Indian Pharmacopoeia and the Indian Standards of Medicinal Plants. This study highlights quality challenges such as contamination with heavy metals, pesticide residues that can affect efficacy and safety of final herbal product formulation. Bioactive compounds like bacoside and bacopaside are present in Bacopa monnieri as confirmed by chromatographic profiling. This study strongly emphasizes integrated quality assessment to satisfy both Good Agricultural and Collection Practices and international safety standards. Once these challenges are met positively in their dedication, the marketability and therapeutic reliability will improve. Therefore, promote B. monnieri, further strengthening India's stature as a global leader in herbal medicine.
Exploring the anti-diabetic potential of Antidesma alexiteria L.: In vitro GLUT-4 expression and molecular docking studies
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-06) Alex, Sam; J, Keerthi Sugathan; PV, Amal Chandra; PM, Radhamany; S, Sreekumar
GLUT-4, an insulin-regulated glucose transporter primarily located in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, plays a crucial role in the insulin-stimulated uptake of glucose uptake. Impaired GLUT-4 transcription and translocation lead to insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Hence, this study investigates the role of bioactive compounds from plant sources using gene-level and in-silico interaction studies. In the present investigation, in-silico and in-vitro gene expression analysis of the GLUT-4 gene with acetone bark extract of A. alexiteria were conducted. GLUT-4 gene expression was analysed using 3T3-L1 adipose cells and insulin as standard. The results demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in GLUT-4 expression, with the highest expression observed at a 100?g/ml concentration. According to molecular docking research, the compound juziphine interacted with the catalytic residues Glu177 and Gly400 of the GLUT-4 protein, satisfying ADMET properties. The stability of protein-ligand complex was further validated by molecular dynamics simulations. The study suggested that the extract has insulin-mimetic properties, enhancing GLUT-4 expression, and that juziphine could serve as a promising anti-diabetic agent.
QUALITY BY DESIGN APPROACH FOR RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF CABOTEGRAVIR FROM BULK DRUG AND DOSAGE FORM
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-06) Guntuka, Rachita Purushottam; Gagare, Sunita Sunil; Jain, Ashish Suresh; Jadhav, Reshma Vijay; Bandgar, Priyanka Jagannath; Ahire, Nilesh Bhausaheb; Thorat, Vaishnavi Bhau
A robust reversed-phase chromatographic method was developed for the analysis of Cabotegravir in pure form and tablets. Using Design Expert software version 8, the technique was optimized through a central composite design with an emphasis on peak symmetry, theoretical plates, and retention time. A 50:50 ratio of mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 4) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and a column oven temperature was 27.5°C were ideal parameters. Detection was performed at 256nm using BDS HypersilTM C18 column and a PDA detector, with a run time of 10 minutes. The method’s specificity, linearity, accuracy, robustness, precision was all verified. Linearity was noted in the range of 10-50µg/mL, with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The % RSD for intraday and interday precision was 1.67% and 1.97%, respectively. Accuracy, as % recovery, was 100.70% at 80%, 98.91% at 100%, and 101.83% at 120% concentration levels. 1.8µg/mL was the limit of detection (LOD), and 5.4µg/mL was limit of quantification (LOQ). All validation parameters were within the acceptable limits of the ICH Q2(R1) guideline. Forced degradation studies were conducted under acidic, alkaline, oxidative, photolytic, and thermal stress conditions. The drug demonstrated greater degradation in alkaline and oxidative conditions.
Anthelmintic activity of alpha amyrin of monkey jack from Western Ghats
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-06) Parameshwrappa, Sarala; Ramachandriya, Krishnamurthy Sampa
The pet. ether (Pat. Ether), chloroform, ethanol extracts and pure compound of alpha amyrin from fruits of Artocarpus gomezianus was examined for anthelmintic efficacy utilizing earthworm (Pheretima posthuma). Diverse amounts (25-100 mg/ml) of fruit extraction was evaluated within the bioassay. Albendazole (25 mg/ml) served as the reference criteria medicine, while purified water functioned as the regulate. The paralysis and mortality times of the worms were documented. Extracts shown considerable anthelmintic efficacy at higher concentration of 25 mg/ml. The extract of pet. ether, chloroform and ethanol had shown dose-dependent anthelmintic effect in comparison to the conventional medication albendazole. The pet. ether extract exhibited paralytic effects and time of death for Pheretima posthuma at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml exhibited a result of 48.33±0.62, 37.72±0.55, 27.87±1.50 and 60.46±0.43, 60.90±0.77 and 60.31±0.16 minutes respectively. The chloroform the extract demonstrated paralyzing effects and duration of death for Pheretima posthuma at the dosage concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml were identified to be 62.22±1.93, 48.01±0.82 and 37.69±0.74 and 122.73±2.08, 81.05±0.87 and 60.85±0.87 minutes respectively. The ethanol extract exhibited paralytic effects and death time of P. posthuma with dose of 25, 50 and 100 mg/ml were found 56.08±1.24, 47.94±1.10, and 44.03±0.89 and 120.48±0.05, 90.42±0.02 and 80.27±0.85 minutes respectively. The observation with standard albendazole showed that time of paralysis and death was 60.40±0.02 and 120.40±0.02 minutes respectively. The a-amyrin showed immobilizing duration of Pheretima posthuma. The average paralyzing duration of P. posthuma with a dose of 25, 50 and 100 milligrams per milliliter were ascertained to be 35.18±0.12, 30.18±0.15 and 20.17±0.08 minutes respectively. In the meantime, Albendazole administered at a concentration of 25 mg/ml induced paralysis in the aforementioned helminthin 60.40±0.02 minutes. In the average duration Albendazole at a dosage of 25 mg/ml resulted in a mortality time for the aforementioned worm. 120.40±0.02 minutes. The a-amyrin showed more anthelmintic efficacy as compareto the conventional medication of albendazole.
Preclinical Evaluation of the Innovative MK-7 NE: Toxicity Assessment and Safety Optimization in In Vivo Models
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-06) AbdulJabbar, Sanaa Ismael; Khan, Jalaluddin; Ahmed, Farhan Jalees; Panda, Bibhu Prasad
Vitamin K is crucial in blood clotting and bone health, yet its bioavailability is limited. NEs (NE) have emerged as promising delivery systems for fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin K because they enhance solubility, control drug release, prevent enzymatic degradation, and improve therapeutic efficacy. This study investigates a novel, cold-processed, acoustically stable Menaquinon-7 Nanoemulsion (MK-7 NE) derived from both fermented and standard MK-7. Preclinical optimization is essential for understanding potential toxicities and improving safety. A single oral dose of a placebo and MK-7 NE at varying concentrations, based on body weight, was administered to 35 Wistar albino rats, along with a 2 mg/kg dose of a standard MK-7 solution. Plasma MK-7 concentrations were monitored for 72 hours using HPLC analysis, while histopathological examination assessed tissue degradation in the rats' organs. To evaluate acute toxicity, an adult Danio rerio (Zebrafish) model was exposed to a 20 mg/kg concentration of the NE. The results indicated that MK-7 NE supplementation did not cause tissue or organ damage in either model, demonstrating its safety. These findings support the potential of MK-7 NE as an effective and safe formulation for enhancing vitamin K2 bioavailability and therapeutic benefits while minimizing potential risks.
Preclinical evaluation of herbal formulation against Progesterone induced obesity in mice
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-06) Ganeshrao, Pimple Ravi; Kumar, Manish
The present study evaluated that anti-obesity potential of a formulation. As obesity is chronic metabolic condition and leads to various co-morbidities hence there is need to find out herbal promising treatment with maximum potential and minimum side effects. Marketed allopathic drugs have side effects hence here is switch to herbal treatment. Obesity was triggered via subcutaneous administration of progesterone over a 28-day period, during which both a polyherbal formulation and a standard treatment were given. Essential physical measurements were documented, along with serum parameters such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, and VLDL. Moreover, liver function enzymes (SGPT and SGOT) and glucose levels were evaluated, and a histopathological analysis of adipose tissue was conducted. The results demonstrated that the polyherbal formulation significantly reduced obesity-related parameters such as VLDL, total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, LDL in treatment group. These findings suggest that the polyherbal formulation effectively counteracts progesterone-induced obesity.
Safety and effectiveness of Donepezil and Memantine in Alzheimer's Disease
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-06) Ghosh, Arijit
Alzheimer's disease (AD) primarily manifests as dementia, cognitive decline, and decline in memory function. The underlying molecular changes include amyloid beta plaque deposition and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles due to phosphorylated tau proteins in the medial temporal lobe. Many people worldwide are affected by AD. So far, successful treatment for AD has not been found to stop or reverse AD progression. Two drugs, namely Donepezil and Memantine, have been found useful to alleviate symptoms of AD, and the quality of life improves in AD patients. However, the medications do not prevent or slow down the disease pathology. Donepezil inhibits acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activity, and Memantine antagonizes NMDA receptors, which in turn increases levels of acetylcholine and helps to regulate glutamate in the brain, respectively. Both drugs are commonly prescribed in AD, but their effectiveness can vary among patients. Clinical studies on Donepezil and Memantine, or in combination, in AD patients have generated conflicting results regarding the overall drug’s safety and effectiveness. Few studies found modest cognitive function improvement, whereas others found little to no benefit. Thus, the present review discusses some of the key aspects relating to the safety and effectiveness of Donepezil and Memantine prescription in AD pathology.
Comparative Analysis of Inflammatory Markers in Rheumatic Heart Disease: Preoperative vs Postoperative States
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-02) Shivapriya, NR; Kumar, BS; Gandhi, SJ; Sangeetha, S
The intention of present study is to ascertain the relationship between the serum inflammatory markers in patients with RHD (rheumatic heart disease), which includes Interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, NT-proBNP and troponin I (TnI). 108 RHD patients were assessed, who visited Dhanya Cardiac Centre for regular check-up. The patient's concern regarding the use of their samples for this study has been acknowledged. Quantitative analysis of biomarkers such as IL-6, CRP, NT-pro BNP, Troponin I was performed. The findings revealed a significant upsurge in IL-6 and CRP levels in the preoperative patients as compared with postoperative patients. Alternatively, NT-pro BNP and Troponin I levels didn’t show significant upsurge in pre-operative patients, while these markers were elevated in the initial stage of post-operative period. Our findings provide an insight on numerous factors and biomolecules might assist as potential markers related with the progression of rheumatic fever (RF) and RHD. Moreover, a follow-up study including a larger population is essential, as it could assist clinicians in predicting any predisposition to RHD.
Clinical Perspective on Thyroid Hormones and Autoantibodies in Subclinical Hypothyroidism
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-02) Srinivasan, A; Dhas, PK
This study examines biochemical and immunological markers in individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), particularly focusing on thyroid autoantibodies' role in disease progression. We recruited 200 patients from Vinayaka Mission Medical College and Research Institute having normal levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) and excessive levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (>4.0 mIU/L). Overt hypothyroidism, pregnancy, thyroid medication, and other illnesses that affect thyroid function were among the exclusion criteria. Chemiluminescent immunoassay and the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay were used to test fasting blood samples for serum TSH, T3, T4, Anti-Thyroglobulin Antibodies (AB-TG), and Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (AB-TPO). Thyroid compensation was indicated by aberrant T3 and T4 levels and markedly raised TSH levels (6.3 ± 0.16 mIU/L) in SCH patients. A strong association between TSH and AB-TPO levels (r = 0.45, p < 0.01) suggests an autoimmune involvement, as do elevated levels of AB-TG (170.97 ± 3.617 IU/mL) and AB-TPO (11.77 ± 0.313 IU/mL). These results emphasize the autoimmune aspect of SCH and imply that tracking thyroid autoantibodies may help with the course and treatment of the condition. Future research should explore gender-specific strategies in SCH diagnosis and clinical care.
Genetic Analysis of Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase Variants in Escherichia coli: Implications for Virulence and Inflammatory Responses
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-02) Nisha; Sharma, DC; Sharma, RD; Tomar, J
This manuscript explores the importance of Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase (NDK) inside the pathogenicity of diverse microorganisms, especially focusing on Escherichia coli (UPEC), Leishmania, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Using in silico analyses, we visualize and evaluate NDK conformations among those species, with specific emphasis on a serine residue at function 22, highlighted for its capability role in nucleotide metabolism and virulence. Through a couple of series alignment and phylogenetic evaluation, we set up that the presence of this serine residue correlates with greater metabolic flexibility in virulent strains of E. coli and its involvement in host interactions thru inflammatory caspases. The observe applies statistical techniques, consisting of ANOVA and the Disparity Index, to explain variations in substitution patterns and conservation of key residues, indicating evolutionary pressures favoring virulent lines. Our findings demonstrate that conserved enzymatic mechanisms throughout those pathogens should function capability objectives for therapeutic intervention. This study underscores the critical function of NDK in expertise the metabolic diversifications that underpin the virulence of those numerous organisms.
ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTION PATTERNS IN PEDIATRIC CARE AND IMPACT OF PARENT COUNSELING BY PHARMACIST IN OUTCOME OF PEDIATRICS TREATEMENT
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-02) Chaurasiya, RK; Sah, JN; Desai, TR
Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and usage in paediatric healthcare remains prevalent in Nepal, contributing to antimicrobial resistance. This cross-sectional observational study investigated antibiotic prescription patterns in government and private hospitals in Chitwan District and evaluated the efficacy of pharmacist-led parent counselling interventions. The study encompassed prescription pattern analysis and assessment of post-counselling outcomes, measuring changes in parental knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use. Results demonstrated distinct prescribing patterns between hospital types, with parental literacy correlating with private hospital preference. Post-intervention analysis revealed significant improvements in KAP scores (p < 0.05), particularly in private hospital settings, manifesting as enhanced antibiotic adherence and reduced inappropriate use. These findings suggest that pharmacist-led interventions effectively improve antibiotic stewardship and indicate the need for standardized prescribing protocols across healthcare sectors.
2,4-Thiazolidinedione in Treating Diabetes: A Comprehensive Overview - History, Chemistry, Advancements, Challenges and Future Perspectives
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-04) Jain, U; Jain, N; Amrutkar, S; Kawade, D
Thiazolidinones are insulin-sensitizing agents used in the management and treatment of diabetes mellitus. Saturated at 5 positions, the thiazolidinedione compound is more active than the corresponding unsaturated compound. In some cases, 2,4-oxazolidinedione derivatives have shown superior anti-diabetic activity compared to 2,4-thiazolidinediones. Hydrophobic interactions between the N-alkyl group and the tail group of the aromatic ring of the TZD ligand and the receptor have been identified as crucial for the potent anti-hyperglycemic activity observed. This group of chemicals, called TZDs, includes indole, benzofuran, imidazopyridine, purines, pyridines, benzimidazole, phthalazinone, and benzoxazinone. The modification of the ether linker with ketone, alcohol olefin, amine, and acyl linker demonstrate modern to high anti-diabetic activity. Dual PPAR?/? agonists have the advantage of treating hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia associated with T2DM. Unlike TZDs, which only bind and activate the PPAR?/? protein, phenyl propionic acid compounds have dual PPAR?/? agonist activity. Non-thiazolidinedione (non-TZD) compounds that activate PPARs are essential for managing hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. Drug development has targeted PPARs to treat diabetes mellitus and obesity, anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular disease. However, while glitazones have shown efficacy, they have also been linked with adverse drug reactions such weight gain, hepatotoxicity, osteoporosis and increased myocardial risk.
Uncovering the diuretic potential of Abutilon hirtum leaves extract in wistar albino rats
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-02) Nalawade, VV; Shirote, PJ.
Abutilon hirtum, traditionally recognized for its alleged diuretic effects, underwent examination to assess its viability as a natural substitute for synthetic diuretics. The methanolic extract of A. hirtum leaves (AHME) was methodically prepared using Soxhlet extraction technique and assessed for its diuretic activity in wistar albino rats. Five different groups were created from the animals: a control group, a standard group that received furosemide, and three test groups that received 150, 300 and 450 mg/kg of body weight of AHME. The evaluation of diuretic activity was conducted through the lipschitz test, which involved measuring various parameters including urine volume, pH, electrolyte excretion, diuretic effect and lipschitz value. The highest dose (450 mg/kg) substantially raised urine volume, electrolyte excretion, and pH compared to the control, with a Lipschitz value of 2.35. These results corroborate the traditional use of A. hirtum leaves and provide a basis to subsequent pharmacological research by confirming their diuretic ability.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF BIFIDOBACTERIUM LONGUM SUSPENSION FORMULATED WITH MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES OIL IN DNBS-INDUCED COLITIS IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-04) Kheni, DB; Sureja, VP; Deshpande, SS; Dubey, VP; Kansagra, JJ; Bariya, AH
One of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases that causes extensive damage to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD symptoms can range in severity from mild and frequent diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal pain to severe bloody stools, anemia, unconsciousness, and occasionally even death. One of the main contributing factors to the pathophysiology of IBD is gut dysbiosis. The purpose of the current study was to determine how well a probiotic (Bifidobacterium longum) solution in medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) oil protected rats from colitis caused by dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were given DNBS (120 mg/kg/rat) intrarectally to induce colitis, which was then allowed to persist for three days. Rats were randomly assigned to receive either B. longum oil suspension (3 x 106 CFU/g/day orally) or dexamethasone (2 mg/kg/day orally) for 28 days in a row after colitis induction. Body weight, average intake of food and water, histological analysis, colon weight, intestinal inflammatory biomarkers (fecal calprotectin), antioxidant potential (glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), and biomarkers of oxidative stress (nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA)). The disease activity index (DAI) and colonic mucosal damage index (CMDI) scores were used to assess the extent of colonic damage. The statistical analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism software, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Body weight and food and water intake were significantly reduced in the DNBS-induced colitis group, while it was prevented by dexamethasone and B. longum oil suspension. Similarly, the degree of colonic damage brought on by DNBS was considerably reduced by dexamethasone and B. longum oil suspension therapy. This impact was followed by considerable improvement in the antioxidant biomarker levels (GSH and SOD) and reduction in the oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation level. Dexamethasone treatment outperformed B. longum oil suspension therapy in every analyzed metric. The study's findings demonstrate the protective effects of B. longum oil suspension therapy and dexamethasone in a DNBS-induced experimental colitis model. This effect may be explained by the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the treatments.
Assessment of Targeted Millet Therapy for Oral Aphthous
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-02) Kalva, S; Kakarla, A; Sulthana, S; Vangala, S; Kanne, S; Andhi, N
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), commonly called "canker sores," is a perplexing oral condition characterized by the recurrent development of painful aphthous ulcers on non-keratinized oral mucous membranes. This condition poses a significant challenge to patients and healthcare professionals due to its uncertain etiology. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of millets in the management oral ulcers (aphthous). Millets are formulated in the form of an oral gel as gels are low cost and easily administered. Three types of millets are used for the study- Pearl millet, Foxtail millet and Finger millet. Millets are evaluated for anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activity due to their rich content of essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. The anti-microbial activity of the millets and the standard drug, Amoxicillin were observed and the zone of inhibition was calculated at 100, 300 and 500 mg/ml concentrations. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by calculating the % inhibition of protein denaturation using the absorbance value. Millets showed significant activities when compared with the standard drug. All these properties of millets and the chemical constituents heal mouth ulcers providing efficient drug delivery. Thus, these millets can be incorporated in the form of gel for the treatment of mouth ulcer.
Development and Validation of New Stability Indicating HPLC Method for the Quantitative Determination of Topiroxostat in Bulk and Dosage Form
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-02) Kunjir, VV; Pawar, SJ; Kale, AP
Topiroxostat is a novel xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor; used to treat hyperuricemia and gout. The system comprised; column of Agilent Zorbax Bonus RP C18 (250×4.6) mm, 5µ and mobile phase containing 50 mill molar potassium dihydrogen phosphate, which had a pH of 3.3 (adjusted by 5% OPA) and ACN, in 20:80, v/v ratio. The mobile phase was pumped through the column at a temperature of 30°C and a flow rate kept at 1 ml/min. Topiroxostat had retention time of 6.99 minutes, at 272 nm. According to the ICH guidelines, the developed approach has undergone statistical validation. The calibration curve was linear from 0.01-120 µg/mL with excellent R2=1. Analytical limits were 0.075 µg/mL for detection and 0.229 µg/mL for quantitation respectively. This newly developed approach exhibited high accuracy and reproducibility with RSD less than 2. Five different stress conditions were applied to assess Topiroxostat stability. Forced degradation studies revealed significant degradation upon exposure to alkaline stress (12.33%), photolytic stress (14.44%), and oxidative stress (30.30%) but little degradation was observed in remaining applied stress conditions. Thus, the developed stability-indicating approach can be used for the estimation of Topiroxostat in API and pharmaceutical formulations.
Efficacy of Curcuma longa extract in an in vivo model of Rhizopus oryzae infection in neutropenic mice
(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025-04) Patil, A; Desai, T; Tirgar, P
Mucormycosis, a life-threatening fungal infection caused by Rhizopus oryzae, disproportionately affects immunosuppressed individuals. Current treatments face significant limitations, necessitating alternative approaches. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of ethanolic extracts of Curcuma longa (C. longa), known for its antifungal and immunomodulatory properties, in a neutropenic mouse model of mucormycosis. Mice were infected with R. oryzae and treated with C. longa extracts at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. Key parameters assessed included survival rates, body weight, hematological profiles (RBC, HGB, PLT), organ weights, fungal burden in kidney and brain tissues, and immunological responses. The 400 mg/kg dose significantly improved survival rates, hematological recovery, and normalized organ weights, with reductions in fungal burden comparable to standard treatment. Mice also exhibited dose-dependent recovery in systemic health. However, incomplete recovery and some mortalities were noted, highlighting the need for further optimization. These findings suggest C. longa extracts possess antifungal, immunomodulatory, and systemic protective effects, offering a promising natural alternative for mucormycosis management in immunosuppressed hosts. Future research should focus on refining dosing strategies and establishing clinical safety and efficacy profiles.

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