Indian Journal of Dental Research

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    Effectiveness of Self-etching Adhesive Only Versus in Combination with Gluma Desensitizer for Preventing Post-composite Sensitivity - A Prospective Study
    (Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Rath, H; Mahapatra, S; Narayanan, SP
    Introduction: An increase in the incidence of postoperative sensitivity following composite restorations has become an everyday clinical problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical effectiveness of a self?etching adhesive in combination with a dentin desensitizer (Gluma desensitizer), to a self?etching adhesive only, in preventing post?composite sensitivity immediately and over 30 days following a single topical application. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial included 112 patients (206 teeth), who were randomized to receive self?etching adhesive in combination with Gluma desensitizer or a self?etching adhesive only. The included teeth were tested for tactile, air blast and cold stimuli, following which patients were asked to rate their sensitivity on an 11?point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The subjects were then assessed for post?composite sensitivity immediately after, as well as 1 week and 1 month following the treatment. Descriptive statistics were compared using t?test and Chi?square test. Intergroup comparisons of change in NRS scores to various stimuli were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. Results: The baseline comparison of NRS scores to air, water and tactile stimuli did not reveal any statistically significant differences. The change in NRS scores post air blast, 1 week and 1 month, after the treatment for sensitivity, was observed to be significantly higher in the Gluma group compared to self?etching adhesive (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Subjects belonging to the Gluma desensitizer group reported a statistically significant reduction in postoperative sensitivity to air blast stimuli, following composite restoration, at both 1 week and 1 month follow?up.
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    Validation Process of New Behavior Management Technique during Local Anesthesia in Children with Dental Anxiety
    (Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Javanaiah, N; Srinath, SK; Shetty, A
    Background: Developing methodological approaches and instrumentation in psychological research is critical since the variables and constructs in the field are diverse and must be assessed with appropriate instruments. Each instrument produced or altered must undergo content validation. The content validation method involves a readability test to determine whether the questions or items accurately represent the assessed constructs or variables. Aim: This study aimed to illustrate the steps involved in content translation, adaptation, and validation of Mindful Attention Instruction Script (MAIS) as a novel behavior management technique during local anesthesia procedures in children 9–12 years old exhibiting dental fear and anxiety. Methods: MAIS was subjected to various steps to assess its content validity which included, obtaining consensus from the panel of experts, back translation of the script by a subject matter expert, adaptation of the MAIS, preliminary pilot testing for the target group, and conducting content validation. Results: MAIS achieved a satisfactory content validity score of 0.9 and interrater agreement of 0.8. Conclusion: This study showed acceptable levels of validity in the Kannada and Hindi translated versions, illustrating a valid and reliable tool to be used for the evaluation of MAIS that applies to the Indian population
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    Efficacy of Different Obturating Materials - A Comparative Study
    (Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Gupta, S; Gupta, A; Arora, S; Srivastava, A
    Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of propolis and its combination products as an obturating material in comparison to Vitapex. Materials and Methods: Propolis collected from the primary source was extracted using organic solvents and laboratory bio-assayed against Enterococcus faecalis to evaluate its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). For in-vivo studies, propolis efficacy was investigated in combination with zinc oxide and calcium hydroxide powder. Furthermore, pulpectomies were performed on 68 non-vital primary molars in the children of age group 4–8 years and were assessed both clinically and radiographically. Statistical Analysis: The data were subjected to chi-square test for comparative analysis. Results and Conclusions: Zinc oxide in combination with propolis resorbed at the same pace as that of the roots. MIC and MBC of laboratory-extracted propolis against E. faecalis were 289 and 579 µg/mL, respectively. Efficacies of different obturating materials were observed as ZnOP > ZnO{Ca(OH)2 } P > Ca(OH)2 P > Vitapex. A novel herbal obturating material with ideal properties for primary teeth has been developed.
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    Dynamic Smile Evaluation Following Twin Block Appliance Therapy in Class II Division 1 Malocclusion - A Prospective Study
    (Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Singh, N; Tripathi, T; Kakkar, S; Rai, P; Duggal, I
    Background/Objectives: Smile analysis is a determinant tool for the assessment of orthodontic treatment outcome. This study aimed to evaluate and compare dynamic smile before and after twin block therapy. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 30 subjects in age group of 11–14 years (mean age = 12.80 ± 1.2 years). Dynamic smile was recorded by videography at two time points, that is pre? (T0) and post- (T1) twin block therapy. Measurements were made on frontal rest and smile photographs. A paired t?test was used for comparison of changes at T0 and T1. P ? 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: At full smile, significant increase was observed in upper lip length (0.97 mm), lower lip length (1.96 mm) and thickness (0.52 mm), stomion inferius to supramentale (1.96 mm), lower lip to maxillary incisor (0.70 mm), distance from upper incisal edge to inferior portion of lower lip (1.73 mm), interlabial gap (1.26 mm), soft tissue lower facial height (3.59 mm), buccal corridor ratio (0.03), smile width (2.06 mm), maxillary intercanine width (3.61 mm) and width of all visible maxillary teeth (3.65 mm) following twin block therapy. Buccal corridor showed significant decrease (1.02–1.16 mm) post?twin block appliance therapy. At rest, statistically significant increase was observed in the upper lip length (1.60 mm), lower lip length (2.99 mm) and thickness (1.28 mm), stomion inferius?supramentale (4.47 mm) and soft tissue lower facial height (3.13 mm), whereas maxillary incisor exposure (2.09 mm) and interlabial gap (2.06 mm) showed significant decrease. Conclusions: Dynamic smile assessment revealed a significant improvement in smile aesthetics following twin block therapy.
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    Low-Level Laser Therapy with Pharmacotherapy in the Management of Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome with or without Other Temporomandibular Disorders
    (Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Shah, JS; Poojary, MK
    Background and Aim: Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is one of the most important facial muscle disorders comprising signs and symptoms including pain during function, tenderness in the muscles of mastication and restricted jaw movement. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and combination therapy of LLLT and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of myofascial pain with or without other TMD (temporomandibular disorders). Materials and Methods: Forty patients with MPDS were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 received LLLT (BiolaseTM; GA?Al?As; 940 nm) in 12 sessions. Group 2 received a combination of LLLT with the drug Aceclofenac 200 mg till the end of the 12th session. Following each session and after two months, the pain intensity, maximum mouth opening, clicking sound and jaw deviation were evaluated in both groups. Data were collected and analysed using the independent t test, Mann–Whitney U test and Friedman test (a = 0.05). Results: Both group 1 and group 2 showed a significant reduction in pain and a significant increase in mouth opening, which was faster in group 2 compared to group 1. Conclusion: Both LLLT and a combination of LLLT and drug therapy are effective in the management of myofascial pain. LLLT + pharmacotherapy combination is more efficient at improving pain and mouth opening
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    Assessing the Satisfaction of Third-Year Dental Students with X-ray Training across Colleges of Dentistry in Iraq - An Evaluative Study
    (Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Mahmoud, SJ; Alnuaimy, A; Abbas, FK; Alhamdani, F
    Aim: This study aims to assess student satisfaction in their proficiency with different intraoral radiographic techniques. Materials and Methods: A Google Form survey was formulated and circulated to both fourth? and fifth?year dental students in 10 Iraqi dental schools. Results: The analysed data reveal that most students have taken ten or fewer radiographs. Cone cuts and vertical and horizontal angulation errors were infrequent occurrences. Approximately 66% of students encountered challenges when positioning for posterior areas vertically and first premolar areas horizontally. Conversely, the anterior area proved to be less challenging. Out of 304 students, 53% expressed a reasonable level of satisfaction with their training in periapical radiography. Conclusion: Apparently, number of taken periapical radiographs is not the only factor that influences students’ satisfaction. Difficulty of implementing theoretical knowledge in the training seems to play a role in students’ satisfaction in their training
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    Removal of Horizontally Impacted Mandibular Third Molar through Buccal Plate Extirpation and Replacement - An Evaluative Study
    (Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Abdulrahman, AM; AL-Hawwaz, ZM; Mohammed, SK
    Background: An impacted lower wisdom tooth is a common condition encountered in oral surgery. A horizontally impacted lower third molar is associated with more bone removal compared to mesioangular and distoangular impactions. Objective: The goal was to minimize overall bone removal without compromising the function of the inferior alveolar nerve. Materials and Methods: Twenty?five patients, between 18 and 46 years old, participated in the study—20 females and five males. All patients attended a private clinic with the intention of having their impacted teeth removed. A portion of the buccal cortex, with specific dimensions, was removed from a position lateral to the horizontally impacted wisdom tooth. This was preserved in a sterile wet pack and refixed after tooth removal to minimize bone loss. Results: A majority of cases involved females (80%) and males (20%). The primary assessment criterion was the viability of the buccal cortex and the presence of any associated complications. One male patient was found to have lost the buccal cortex (accounting for 4% of cases). Two patients complained of temporary paraesthesia, which resolved within 4 months. Statistical Analysis: The data were collected and compiled in Microsoft Excel. The Mann?Whitney U test for nonparametric data was used to analyse descriptive data. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Conclusion: The removal of a small part of the buccal cortex lateral to a horizontally impacted lower third molar is highly predictable when conducted with precision. This is particularly true when the tissue is secured properly, which can subsequently reduce the amount of bone removed.
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    Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Three Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Patients using Hobo Twin Stage Technique and Implant Supported Overdenture - A Case Report
    (Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Amina; Abirami, S; Rajput, G; Afroz, S; Aftab, S
    Rehabilitation of an attrited dentition is one of the most challenging task faced by a prosthodontist which requires a systematic, phase wise approach. Hobo’s techniques and Pankey Mann Schuyler’s philosophy are widely used and documented for full mouth rehabilitation. If along with attrition and discoloration teeth are also periodontally compromised, then the extraction of teeth followed by fabrication of complete denture either implant supported or mucosa supported is the only treatment option. In this case series, we have reported three cases of same family with Dentinogenesis Imperfecta, two cases presented with the severely worn dentition, poor aesthetics and difficulty in chewing. To rehabilitate these cases, Hobo’s twin stage technique had been adopted and one case had periodontally compromised teeth along with faulty prosthesis in addition to Dentinogenesis Imperfacta, so removal of faulty prosthesis, full mouth extraction followed by implant supported overdenture was planned.
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    Prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injuries in Epileptic Patients - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    (Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Bhatnagar, S; Rajappan, S; Bhatnagar, A; Tripathi, S
    Introduction: An increase in dental trauma due to seizures in epileptic patients is a serious concern. Other serious injuries are treated immediately, but dental trauma goes ignored. We conducted a systematic review and meta?analysis to know the proportion of dental injuries and their subgroups. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from January 1, 1990, to April 30, 2023, to identify articles reporting dental trauma due to epilepsy. We used two measures of heterogeneity (Q and I2 ?statistic) to select appropriate model (fixed or random effect model) for estimating pooled proportion. We used meta?regression to identify the significant predictors affecting the proportion of interest. Results: We included 28 articles in the final meta?analysis. The pooled proportion (prop) of dental trauma in epilepsy patients was 0.20 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.25). The categories for subgroup meta?analysis were hard tissue dental injury (prop: 0.14 (0.09, 0.20)), soft tissue dental injury (prop: 0.25 (0.18, 0.32)), both groups (prop: 0.48 (0.39, 0.57)), injury to teeth (prop: 0.14 (0.09, 0.20)), injury to tongue (prop: 0.28 (0.18, 0.37)), injury to lip (prop: 0.17 (0.10, 0.25)). gum injury (prop: 0.09 (0.05, 0.16)), injury to cheek (Prop: 0.12 (0.06, 0.18)), others (Prop: 0.61 (0.46, 0.75)), Negroid group (prop: 0.15 (0.08, 0.21)), Caucasian group (prop: 0.20 (0.12, 0.28)), and Asian group (prop: 0.24 (0.16, 0.32)). Conclusion: The proportion of traumatic dental injuries due in patients with epilepsy was 0.20. Oral soft tissues were more affected than hard tissues (prop: 0.25 vs 0.14), and among soft tissues, tongue was most affected (prop: 0.28). Early age of epilepsy onset and high frequency of seizures also contribute to dental trauma.
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    Programming Articulator for Rehabilitating Loss in Vertical Dimension using a Customized Bifunctional Incisal Jig
    (Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Kaushik, A; Khurana, PR; Aggarwal, A; Widhani, D
    While performing any prosthodontic rehabilitation, the accuracy of diagnostic wax?up is proportional to the predictability of end treatment result, as it forms a template for the provisional as well as final restorations. The most common challenge faced by dental clinicians in severely worn dentition patients is the difficulty to program the condylar guidance on an articulator using eccentric bite records, due to loss of anterior guidance and interferences in the posterior teeth. Conventionally, in such cases, an arbitrary diagnostic wax?up followed by an intraoral temporization is done to obtain the incisal guidance first, and the condylar guidance is later programmed in the presence of posterior disocclusion using eccentric bite records. However, this increases the chairside time and clinical visits. Therefore, this article describes the use of a customized bifunctional incisal jig to record centric relation at the desired occlusal vertical dimension along with programming the condylar guidance before a diagnostic wax?up is performed.
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    Juvenile Oral Squamous Papilloma – A Rare Case Report
    (Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Sahoo, NK; Mowar, A; Dubey, P; Pillai, SS; Vaswani, H
    Introduction: Oral squamous papillomas are common lesions of the oral mucosa of squamous epithelial origin presenting as a papillary or verrucous exophytic mass. It is the fourth most common benign epithelial lesion associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11.[1] It is usually seen in the age range of 30–50 years. The most common site of occurrence is the tongue and soft palate; however, other sites in the oral cavity may be affected. Objectives: The aim of the article was to present a rare case report of juvenile squamous papilloma on the hard palate which has been treated successfully by wide local excision. Treatment: The oral squamous papilloma was sent for histopathology after wide local excision of the lesion. Conclusion: Oral squamous papilloma is a rare clinical entity in children. The histopathological and immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluation revealed the propensity of malignant transformation.
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    Adverse Effects of ‘Two-by-Four Fixed Orthodontic Appliance’ in Mixed Dentition Period - A Systematic Review
    (Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Khan, MK; Pandiyan, R; Rather, SH
    Malocclusion is a global public dental health problem with higher prevalence and treatment needs. However, there is a perplexing literature regarding early orthodontic intervention in the mixed dentition stage. ‘2 × 4 orthodontic appliances’ have been highlighted in the literature as versatile appliances for the effective correction of various malocclusions in children. However, dental clinicians and researchers should also have updated knowledge about the negative aspects of ‘2 × 4 orthodontic appliances’, which are reported in the exiting literature. Hence, this systematic review aimed to find out the evidence about the adverse effects/complications of 2 × 4 orthodontic appliance therapy in mixed dentition phase of paediatric patients by extensively exploring and critically appraising the pertinent literature. This systematic review was performed as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Its protocol was registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Literature was searched comprehensively in six databases and also manually. After the screening of the records (n = 1234) as per the eligibility criteria, finally, nine (n = 5) articles were included and critically analysed using different Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Eligible studies including Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) (n = 1), non-RCT (n = 2), retrospective study (n = 1), case-report (n = 1) published from 1999 to 2023 in which 82 patients with mean-age of 10-year, mostly with pseudo class-III malocclusion, anterior cross-bite and crowding treated using 2 x 4 appliance were found. The literature?based evidence related to the adverse effects of 2 × 4 orthodontic appliances was found to be inadequate in quantity, but majority was of high quality (low risk of bias). However, various negative aspects/complications of this particular fixed orthodontic therapy were reported by the included primary studies.
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    Colour Retaining Ability of Three Restorative Materials Used in Pediatric Dentistry with the Use of Health Drinks and Beverages - An In Vitro Study
    (Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Mondal, A; Singh, S; Qamar, S; Dasgupta, B; Roy, S
    Aim: To evaluate the color?retaining ability of three different esthetic restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry with the use of commonly consumed health drinks and beverages. Materials and Method: 180 discs were made using three different restorative materials with each group (Group A) GC Gold Label Type IX GIC, (Group B) Voco Ionolux RMGIC, and (Group C) Shofu Beautifil II GIOMER containing 60 discs per group. Four types of commonly consumed drinks were taken as immersion media, which included Complan Health Drink, Coca?Cola aerated beverage, Cavin’s milkshake, and Bisleri mineral water (control). Each disc of restorative material were immersed in the staining solution of commonly consumed drinks at three different frequencies for 15 days. Color changes were measured using a spectrophotometer at pre?immersion and post?immersion levels. Results: Change in color was evaluated and a comparison was done between the groups. There was a highly significant difference (P < 0.005) in the color?retaining ability of Shofu Beautifil II GIOMER restorative material followed by GC Gold Label Type IX GIC and Voco Ionolux RMGIC against all immersion media. Conclusion: The color?retaining ability of the esthetic restorative materials on immersion in various beverages and health drinks depends not only on different immersion media but also on different frequencies of consumption. Shofu Beautifil II GIOMER restorative material showed the most color retention.
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    Comparative Evaluation of Bisphenol-A Released from Five Different Orthodontic Aligners - An In vitro Study Using Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
    (Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Milling, Tania, SD; Kumar, SA; Veerasankar, S; Dharshini, CP; Missier, MS; Dhanalakshmi, C
    Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) monomer is used during the production of a wide variety of orthodontic materials such as composites, aesthetic brackets, and thermoplastic aligners; its release from incomplete polymerisation and resin degradation poses serious health risks. Hence, this study aims to assess BPA release from different aligners at various time intervals of its usage in an in vitro model. Aim and Objectives: To qualitatively and quantitatively determine BPA released from five different orthodontic aligners, at different time intervals. Materials and Methods: Five different orthodontic aligners, namely Dentcare aligner, Invisalign aligner, SD align, Smile aligner, and TAC aligners, were evaluated for BPA release by subjecting the aligners to surface abrasion, immersing in artificial saliva, and subjecting to thermal shock treatment to simulate oral environment at various time intervals (24 hours, 7 days, and 10 days) using gas?phase chromatography. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentages) were employed to describe the study results. Result: BPA was not detected and thus could not be analysed in the present study at different time points. The other elements were identified, which were totally different from one another at each time points. Conclusion: It is concluded that BPA was not released from the various aligners at any time intervals. The presence of other components such as diethyl phthalate (DEP), which is more or less similar to BPA in terms of inducing toxicity to the liver and other tissues, is a matter of concern and needs further research.
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    Knowledge, Awareness and Adverse Effect of Poor Oral Health and Periodontal Status in Pregnant Women - An Evaluative Study
    (Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Surabhi, D; Mamatha, S
    Background: During pregnancy, an interim increase in estrogen and progesterone levels is found responsible for the enhanced frequency and intensity of gingival inflammation. The risk of various complications such as an increase in preterm low birth weight and preeclampsia raises a serious concern about the knowledge and awareness of pregnant women regarding periodontal health. Aim: To evaluate periodontal status and assess knowledge and awareness of poor oral health and its effect among pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 pregnant women underwent a questionnaire and observational evaluation. Socioeconomic demographic data based on the revised Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Status Scale, age, gender, and medical & dental history were recorded using structural proforma. The Community Periodontal Index and Treatment Need (CPITN) index was used to evaluate the periodontal status of pregnant women in different trimesters. Result: A statistically significant association was observed between the CPITN score and trimesters. Out of 50 subjects with a CPITN score of 2, 46.0% were in the third trimester. On the evaluation of 240 subjects, 63.3% visited the dentist when a problem arose and 57.5% used interdental aids. Also, 45.4% of pregnant women encountered oral health problems during pregnancy. Furthermore, 81.3% of pregnant women were unaware of the adverse effects of poor oral health on a growing fetus. Conclusion: In the current study, it has been discovered that only a small percentage of pregnant women are conscious of their periodontal health and that their beliefs vary depending on their degree of education. When compared to the first trimester, the patients in the third trimester have impaired periodontal conditions.
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    Impact of Acidic and Alkaline Environments on the Surface Morphology of Biodentine and White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate - An In-vitro Study
    (Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Barik, S; Patil, S; Chudasma, K; Shetty, H; Shetty, V; Sachdev, SS
    Introduction: The physical and chemical properties of calcium silicate cement might be affected due to exposure to acidic or alkaline conditions during clinical use. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of acidic and alkaline environments on the surface morphology of biodentine (BD) and white mineral trioxide aggregate (wMTA). Materials and Method: Disc-shaped specimens of BD (n = 30) and wMTA (n = 30) were prepared in a metal mould and wrapped in pieces of gauze. They were divided into three sub-groups according to the storage media: group A, soaked in sterile distilled water at a pH of 7.0; group B, exposed to butyric acid buffered at pH 4.0; and group C, exposed to calcium hydroxide solution buffered at pH 12.0. The specimens were incubated for 7 days at 37°C, followed by examination under scanning electron microscopy at 1000x and 5000x magnification to characterise the microstructural morphology. Results: Definite changes were seen in the microstructure of BD and wMTA on exposure to acidic and alkaline pH. The microstructure of wMTA tends to exhibit reduced cohesion when exposed to an acidic environment, especially when compared to an alkaline pH. Acidic pH exerts a milder influence on the morphological structure of BD when contrasted with its effects on wMTA. Conclusion: Biodentine may emerge as a more prudent choice than wMTA for utilisation in inflamed periapical regions.
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    Radiographic Correlation Between Cervical Vertebrae Maturation with Permanent Molar Calcification Stages in Age Estimation in Adults in Dakshina Kannada Population
    (Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Nandita, KP; Vaswani, V; Natarajan, S; Philip, N
    Introduction: Age estimation is a critical aspect of forensic science, with various methods employed, including skeletal development, dental maturation, and anthropometric measurements. Cervical vertebrae maturation is a reliable biological marker of skeletal maturity, and its use in combination with other techniques can enhance accuracy in age estimation. Aim: This study aimed to categorize individuals as under or over 18 years of age by evaluating cervical vertebrae and permanent molar maturation in the Dakshina Kannada population. Materials and Methods: A total of 132 individuals were categorized into two groups: under 18 years and over 18 years. Data were collected using orthopantomograms (OPG) and lateral cephalograms (LC). Cervical vertebral age was determined using the McNamara and Franchi technique, while dental age was assessed using Nolla’s method. Results: Age was significantly associated with the shape, inferior border, and stage of cervical vertebrae, as confirmed by Pearson’s Chi?square test. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that combining skeletal and dental maturity indices improved the accuracy of age classification. Conclusion: Cervical vertebrae maturation, in conjunction with dental age estimation, serves as a reliable method for accurately determining age, particularly for distinguishing individuals over and under 18 years. The analysis revealed no significant difference in correlation between males and females, Additionally, the findings indicate that cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) can provide a rough estimate of age, demonstrating its potential utility in age prediction with reasonable accuracy.
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    Prevalence of Radiographically Detectable Non-syndromic Dental Anomalies amongst Orthodontic Patients - A Retrospective Study
    (Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Koul, R; Datana, S; Ray, S
    Introduction: Developmental dental anomalies are variations from expected clinical appearance, shape, size, color, contour, number, eruption pattern, and degree of tooth development. Early diagnosis of such anomalies helps formulate a treatment plan and provide optimal dental care. Materials and Method: Present study was a retrospective study designed to identify and analyze non?syndromic developmental dental anomalies amongst children and adolescents aged 9 to ?19 years of Indian origin belonging to both genders who reported for orthodontic treatment. The data were subjected to descriptive and analytical statistics; Pearson’s Chi-square test, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were used. Results: In 1017 subjects (559 male, 458 female), a total of 569 individuals (277 male, 292 female) and 853 teeth had anomalies. The most common anomalies in the study sample were impacted with teeth (24.5%), dilaceration (10.4%), and hypodontia (6.8%). The maxillary canine was the most commonly involved in any form of anomaly. Approximately, 32.54% (n = 331) of subjects showed only one tooth anomaly, 26.74% (n = 272) of participants showed anomalies in two teeth, whereas 7.6% (n = 77) of patients showed anomalies in three or more teeth. Conclusion: Most commonly observed anomaly in the present study was impacted teeth (24.5%). The maxillary canine was the most commonly involved tooth in any form of anomaly.
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    Correlation of Body Mass Index with Serum Osteocalcin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 in the Assessment of Pubertal Growth Spurt - A Comparative Study
    (Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Keerthana, SV; Yezdani, A; Kannan, MS; Padmavathy, K
    Introduction: Body Mass Index (BMI) percentiles have a bearing on skeletal maturation. The correlation of BMI with serum osteocalcin (OC) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) assumes even greater importance in orthodontic treatment planning for skeletal Class II jaw discrepancies. The aim of the study was thus to estimate BMI percentiles, serum OC, and IGFBP-3 and correlate it with CVM to assess the opportune pubertal growth spurt. Materials and Methods: Height and body weight were measured to the BMI percentiles of the study participants with skeletal class II malocclusion (n = 51, age 11–18 yrs). Lateral cephalometry was used for CVM staging. Blood was collected to quantitatively assess the serum OC and IGFBP-3 levels using Sandwich-ELISA. Results: Obesity was more common in females compared to males (24% vs. 7.69%) while the reverse was true for underweight (4% vs. 15.39%). The majority of the obese participants belonged to CVM4–CVM6. Mean OC and IGFBP-3 were the highest in the obese category (71.879 ± 5.275 ng/mL, 55.541 ± 5.795 ng/mL). No statistically significant difference was observed in the mean OC and IGFBP-3 levels between males and females (64.993 ± 10.929 ng/mL vs. 58.795 ± 23.054 ng/mL, P = 0.231: 44.030 ± 12.767 ng/mL vs. 48.081 ± 10.843 ng/mL, P = 0.229). Conclusion: The clinical relevance of serum biomarkers (OC, IGFBP-3) and their correlation with BMI percentile and CVM stages could be certainly used to assess the circumpubertal growth status. Obese and severely obese females, though they belong to the age range of 13–17 years and later CVM stages, there was a significant increase in OC and IGFBP-3 serum levels that could be used to plan orthopedic treatment.