Indian Journal of Dental Research

Browse

Recent Submissions

Now showing 1 - 20 of 2284
  • Item
    Evaluation of Salivary IL?8 and Calcium Levels in Postmenopausal Females with and without Periodontitis—A Comparative Study
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Potdar, Raksha; Ramesh, Amitha; Rajesh, Aparna
    Background and Objective: Menopause is a normal developmental stage in a woman’s life marking the permanent cessation of menstruation. Calcium is predominant in intracellular signalling and its intracellular increase can affect the cell’s proliferation, phagocytosis and cytokine secretion. IL?8 expression in various cells such as neutrophils and osteoblasts was reported to involve a calcium signalling pathway. Well?known functions of IL?8 includes help in angiogenesis, role in tumour progression, tissue remodelling, etc., Hence, the aim of this study was to establish the relationship between calcium?dependent IL?8 and periodontal disease in postmenopausal females. Method: The study population included 52 postmenopausal women aged 45–57 years. The patients were divided into two groups in which group I included postmenopausal women without periodontitis and group II with periodontitis. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected from all the participants to evaluate IL?8 and calcium levels. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in salivary IL?8 levels between the two groups (P < 0.001), but there was no statistical difference in salivary calcium levels between the two groups (P = 0.730). A weak negative correlation between salivary IL?8 and calcium was found in group I, while a weak positive correlation was found between the same in group II. Conclusion: Analysis of salivary IL?8 from the present study was in accordance with several previous studies. It can be concluded that saliva can also be used as a reliable oral diagnostic fluid for IL?8 and calcium detection in periodontitis.
  • Item
    Application of Platelet?Rich Fibrin and Freeze?Dried bone Allograft Following Apicoectomy: A Comparative Assessment of Radiographic Healing
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Garg, Madhur; Srivastava, Vipul; Chauhan, Raju; Pramanik, Saurabh; Khanna, Rinee
    Background: Apicoectomy conceptualizes surgically maintaining a tooth with an endodontic lesion that cannot be resolved by conventional endodontic (re?) treatment. To achieve this, continuous improvement in surgical techniques, materials and instruments is being done to enhance the outcome of periapical endodontic surgeries. The purpose of this study was to compare, radiographically, the healing kinetics of platelet?rich fibrin (PRF) and mineralized freeze?dried bone allograft (FDBA) in patients undergoing apicoectomy. Materials and Methods: Nineteen patients (aged 18–40 years) were included in the study and randomly assigned to groups A or B, where they received PRF or FDBA, respectively. Following apicoectomy, PRF gel and FDBA graft were prepared and placed in the osseous defect followed by placement of PRF membrane for graft stabilization and flap closure. Radiographic follow?up was done at the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th months for evaluation of healing using Molven’s criteria. Statistical analysis was done with Pearson’s and McNemar’s Chi?square tests. Results: A highly significant difference (P = 0.002) in radiographic healing was observed at 6 months. Complete healing was observed in 50% of cases in Group A whereas in Group B, none of the cases presented with complete radiographic healing. However, at the end of 12 months, complete radiographic healing was observed in both groups. Conclusion: Our data suggest that PRF accelerates bone healing as compared to FDBA and is both time and cost?efficient.
  • Item
    Socioeconomic Determinants of Demand for Dental Cosmetic Treatments
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Emrani, Reza
    Introduction: The demand for cosmetic dentistry is a growing trend globally. Increased media coverage, availability of free online information, and the improved economic status of the general population have led to an increase in the patient’s aesthetic expectations. Since no study has measured the relationship between the economic status of people and the choice of cosmetic dentistry in Iran and due to the growing demand for it, this study was designed. Method: In this descriptive epidemiological study, we visited three completely different areas in terms of Socioeconomic status (SES) in Tehran. A checklist was used to record the gender, job, age, education level, maternal status, and source of payment for cosmetic dentistry treatment. Result: The majority of the volunteers for dental cosmetic restoration were 23?26 years. Of 498 cosmetic restoration volunteers, 50 were men and 448 were women. As for the education level, most of the participants had a high school diploma. The cost of cosmetic restoration of 351 patients (70%) was paid by the parents or the spouse, and 147 patients paid the cost from their income. Our study showed that 7% of visits to dental clinics were only for cosmetic treatment demands in Tehran in 2021. Conclusion: Type of job, education level, and marital status had no significant relationship with the choice of cosmetic treatment while age had a significant relationship with the choice of cosmetic dental restoration treatment. In addition, the choice of cosmetic dental treatment was completely related to gender, and women were the main users of it.
  • Item
    Changing Sleep Patterns and Anxiety due to Covid?19 Home Confinement among Working Population: A Cross?Sectional Study
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Yadav, Ankit; Atri, Mansi; Pareek, Sonia; Srivastava, Roomani; S, Nithya
    Introduction: The COVID?19 pandemic took the entire world unawares and people were forced to stay indoors overnight. Due to this a drastic change ensued in lifestyle with many succumbing to various kinds of stresses and psychological problems. This study aims to study the changing sleep patterns and level of anxiety among the working population due to the COVID?19 Pandemic lockdown. Methodology: An online survey was conducted using a cloud?based website. The sleep patterns both prior to and during the lockdown period of the pandemic were assessed using a self?administered questionnaire. The level of anxiety during both these periods (before and during lockdown) amongst the working population was also assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scores (GADS). Results: A total of 224 individuals participated in the study of which 52.7% were males and 47.3% were females. On analysis, the lifestyle and sleep deprivation scores showed that before the lockdown only 2.7% reported a low score out of total participants. However, this number was raised to 13.4% during the lockdown. The percentage of people reporting deteriorated sleep quality gradually increased with females reporting moderate to severe category of Generalized Anxiety Disorder scores as compared to Males. Conclusion: The study suggests that there has been a significant change in the sleep quality of the study participants due to Covid enforced lockdown which if unnoticed might lead to significant health problems. The effective use of programs like yoga, meditation, and deep breathing exercises, if followed timely could reduce psychological distress to some extent.
  • Item
    Calcitonin as a Pharmacological Anchorage in Orthodontics
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Pizzo?Reis, Patrícia M.; Coêlho, Mônica C.; Azevedo, Ricardo B.; Faber, Jorge
    Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of salmon calcitonin administration as a pharmacological anchoring agent in orthodontics and to determine the influence of locally applied calcitonin on serum calcium levels. The secondary aim was to observe the response of dental and periodontal tissues using light microscopy. Methods: Fourteen healthy male adult Wistar rats with an average weight of 250 g had their teeth moved, seven of which received a local injection of salmon calcitonin in the furcation region of the left upper first molar. Concurrently, the remaining seven were used as controls. In the control group, saline solution was injected in the bifurcation region of tooth 26 to subject these animals to the same stress level as those of the experimental group. After 14 days, a 6 mm diameter orthodontic elastic band was inserted between teeth 26 and 27 in all animals to induce the movement of these teeth. The rats were anaesthetised and exsanguinated on day 21. In both groups, tooth movement and serum calcium levels were measured. The jaws were dissected with straight scissors, and tissue blocks containing gingiva, bone and teeth were identified, fixed and demineralised. Then, the pieces were cut into semi?serial slices, stained with hematoxylin, eosin, and Mallory’s trichrome, and analysed under an Axiophot light microscope. Results: There was significantly less tooth movement in the experimental group ( ±X DP ; 0,150 mm ± 0,037) than in the control group (0,236 mm ± 0,044; P = 0,003), while there was no significant difference in serum calcium levels between the two groups (control ±X DP ; 9,53 mg/dl ± 1,53; experimental 10,81 mg/dl ± 1,47; P = 0,15). Conclusion: While calcitonin did not completely inhibit osteoclast activity, it promoted orthodontic anchorage, apparently, by local action.
  • Item
    Guided Endodontic Surgery ? Case Series
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Mahendran, Kavitha; Hussain, Mohamed Abubacker Mohamed; Maloor, Swathi Alathady; Saminathan, Kathiravan
    This case report describes three cases in which periapical surgeries were carried out using a new surgical endodontic technique by using a three?dimensional (3D) printed template for guided osteotomy and root resection. In Case 1, the data obtained from preoperative CT scan and cast scan were transferred to a surgical planning software. The surgical template was printed using a 3D printer. Using the template, osteotomy and root?end resection were precisely carried out. In Case 2, after CBCT imaging, data were transferred to stereolithography and a 3D model was fabricated. With the help of the 3D model, a template was fabricated using tray material. This guided surgical template minimized the extent of osteotomy and enabled precise targeting of the apex. In Case 3, a preoperative CT scan aided in the fabrication of a surgical 3D template. The template assisted in the precise removal of the overlying cortical bone.
  • Item
    The Effect of the Interproximal Creeping Attachment in Aesthetic Site After Root Coverage Surgery with VISTA Technique ? A Case Report
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Marques, Tiago M.; Santos, Nuno B. M.; Montero, Javier; Correia, André; Fernandes, Gustavo V. O.
    Gingival recession is a common manifestation in most populations. The mechanism by which gingival recession occurs is not well understood, but it seems to be complex and multifactorial. The main etiological factors are the accumulation of dental plaque biofilm with the resulting inflammatory periodontal diseases and mechanical trauma due to faulty oral hygiene techniques, especially in thin biotypes. This case report describes the treatment of a vestibular recession associated with interdental bone loss, with the VISTA technique associated with a connective tissue graft. The case was evaluated at 3, 9 months and 48 months after the surgery clinically complete root coverage and increased thickness of keratinized tissue were achieved, and the interdental papilla was augmented improving the soft tissue quality for future orthodontic treatment. VISTA technique associated with a connective tissue graft to reconstruct vertically papilla is a promising alternative for minimally invasive treatment and stable after 4 years.
  • Item
    The Long?Forgotten Technique of Pin Retained Restoration ? A Case Report
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Panadan, John J.; Sharma, Rohit; Sharma, Anjali; Sharma, Madhurima
    To restore severely damaged teeth to the greatest state for health, function, and aesthetics continues to be a challenge for all practising dental surgeons. A pin retained restoration is an intricate restoration involving the insertion of one or more pins into the dentin to provide sufficient resistance and retention. These pins help in anchoring dental amalgam or composite to the tooth structure. This auxiliary retentive means help in the restoration of mutilated teeth in young individuals whose pulp chambers are relatively large and the dentinal tubules are comparatively immature. This case study sheds insights on the successful rehabilitation of a severely damaged premolar tooth with pins and composite resin restoration.
  • Item
    An Insight Performance of Zirconia Implant Abutment: A Systematic Review and Meta?Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Thakare, Vrushali; Chaware, Sachin; Kakatkar, Vinay; Darekar, Abhishek
    To determine the clinical performance of zirconia abutment (ZA) by comparing with a titanium abutment (TA) and sub?mucosal?modified zirconia abutment. A systematic search was conducted to retrieve eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from Medline, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. A search was further divided in two parts. Part I comprises eligible RCTs between zirconia abutment and titanium abutment, and part II included RCTs of zirconia abutment with sub?mucosal modified, pink?veneered glass ceramic versus non?veneered zirconia abutment. Esthetic, biological, and abutment survival was a primary outcome, and technical complications were included as an additional outcome. Fifteen eligible RCTs (Part I: N = 9 and Part II: N = 6) were evaluated, and a total of 362 abutments in 364 subjects were analysed for outcome variables. A sub?group meta?analysis reported no significant difference for Esthetic outcome. However, the overall mean (p =0.03) was higher for zirconia group in those of thin gingival phenotype. Spectrophotometric evaluation of peri?implant mucosal Esthetic does not show any significant difference. Similarly, pink?veneered versus non?veneered group reported no significant difference for thin (<2 mm) and thick (>2 mm) mucosal attachment. Biological outcome does not show any significant difference for comparable groups in both parts. There is marginally lower abutment survival for internally connected zirconia abutment (ZA: 95.4% TA: 100%). Zirconia abutment exhibited excellent Esthetic compared to titanium abutment in those of thin gingival phenotype. Sub?mucosa veneering of zirconia abutment with pink glass c
  • Item
    Evaluation of Structural and Compositional Changes on the Root Surface Exposed to Diode Laser (810 nm): An In?vitro Study
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Jayachandran, Dorairaj; Selvaraj, Sunantha; Priya, Shanmuga; Kukkamalla, Meena A.; Senkalvarayan, Vaishnavi
    Background: The laser therapy has been used as an adjuvant for conventional periodontal disease as they exhibit a bactericidal effect on scaling and root planning by its thermal and photo disruptive effects on the pathogens. This study focuses on the structural and compositional changes induced on the root surfaces of teeth following diode laser (DL) application with increasing quantum of exposure time. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural and compositional changes on the root surface of extracted human permanent teeth after application of DLs (810 nm) with varying time interval. Materials and Methods: Twenty samples of single?rooted periodontally compromised extracted teeth were utilized for this study. Root planning was done and the roughness caused by the instrumentation was measured using profilometric analysis. Then, the samples were divided into four groups, with DL application time: Group 1 – laser application for 15 s, Group 2 – laser application for 30 s, Group 3 – laser application for 45 s, and Group 4 – laser application for 60 s. A scanning electron microscope was used to examine the cemental surface and energy?dispersive X?ray analysis software assesses the compositional changes of the teeth in each group. Results: This study reveals that on exposure of DL (810 nm) on the root surface when time of exposure increases, there were relative increases in surface irregularities and charring. There were significant changes in the chemical composition of the tooth surface.
  • Item
    Unicystic Ameloblastoma ? A Case Series
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Rajasekaran, Arulmozhi M.; Prasad, Cheruvathur; Balaji, J.; K, Arunkumar; Raghavan, Priyadharshini
    Ameloblastoma is a benign, locally aggressive neoplasm that constitutes about 1–3% of the tumors of the jaw. Wide surgical excision with adequate safe margin is the most common treatment of choice. The study aimed to manage cases with unicystic ameloblastoma while preserving the continuity of the mandible (without resection). This article presents a series of cases ranging from 18 to 40 years old patients of both sexes with unicystic ameloblastoma, especially in the mandible showing more male predilection than female. All the cases presented in this article were treated by enucleation and curettage. None of the patients presented post?operative paresthesia. None of the cases went in for resection. Post?operative recovery was uneventful in all the patients. All the patients were followed up for a period of 3.5–5 years. None of the cases reported recurrence at the date of publication.
  • Item
    Rare Incidental Foreign Body in the Maxillary Sinus on Routine Radiographic Examination
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Manigandan, Thiruppathy; TV, Rajalakshmi Rakshanaa; M, Jemima Judith; Seethalakshmi, Chiranjeevi; Jawahar, Abarna; W, Maria Priscilla Wincy
    Accidental entry of any foreign body into the paranasal sinus could be due to known causes or unknown causes with the patient being either symptomatic or sometimes asymptomatic. Such asymptomatic conditions make it difficult to detect the foreign body for an indefinite period which on a longer duration may lead to various complications later. Routine radiographic examination during dental checkup reports to serve a good purpose in these kinds of cases by accidental detection of such foreign bodies in the maxillofacial region leading to early diagnosis and timely management. The present paper highlights the importance of routine radiographs in detecting a rare type of foreign body (nasal stud) in the maxillary sinus in the asymptomatic patient.
  • Item
    Prevalence and Determinants of (Work?Related) Musculoskeletal Disorders among Dentists ? A Cross Sectional Evaluative Study
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Thacker, Hardi; Yasobant, Sandul; Viramgami, Ankit; Saha, Somen
    Background: Work?related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are the second most common cause of disability, accounting for 17% of all Years lived with a disability (YLDs) worldwide. Healthcare professionals, especially dentists, are known to be at a higher risk of WMSDs. Therefore, this study aims to determine the point and period prevalence of WMSDs among dentists and to assess the risk factors for WMSDs, including workstation analysis. Methods: This cross?sectional study was conducted among 120 dentists from three dental colleges in Gujarat (Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar), India. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and occupational history along with pre?validated standardized tools such as the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) score sheet and Quick Exposure Checklist (QEC). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Results: The period prevalence of MSDs and WMSDs were 85% and 75.8% respectively, and the point prevalence was 39.2% and 23.3% respectively. Prosthodontists reported the highest prevalence of WMSDs. The neck (64.7%) was the most commonly affected area. A statistically significant result was obtained between MSDs and BMI (P = 0.02), qualification (P = 0.01) and between WMSDs and duration of work in the sitting posture (P = 0.03). Conclusions: The prevalence of both MSDs and WMSDs was found to be high. Dentists with higher BMI, higher qualifications, lack of breaks, having poor workstations and higher REBA and QEC scores, whose job tasks involve continuous inspection, frequent bending of elbow joints, frequent repetitive motions, tasks that require them to reach distances greater than 20 inches and tasks that involve twisting of the waist are at a higher risk of developing MSDs
  • Item
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Articular Disc Position in Temporomandibular Disorder Subjects with various Bite Registrations
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Yezdani, Arif; Tajir, Faisal; Jalal, S. M. Mohammed; Kannan, M. S.; Padmavathy, Kesavaram
    Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of three bite registrations on articular disc position in temporomandibular disorder patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Fifteen clinically symptomatic and orthodontically untreated temporomandibular disorder patients within the age range of 17–40 years (mean age: 28.5 years) were examined. Each patient was subjected to three bite registrations, namely maximum intercuspation, initial contact bite and Roth power centric bite, and evaluated with MRI. Results: On the right side, the mean vertical and horizontal measurement values of the point in the most posterior aspect of the posterior band of the articular disc in relation to horizontal reference line (HRL) and vertical reference line (VRL) in the sagittal view in the Roth power centric bite were lesser (2.720 ± 1.239 mm and 2.380 ± 1.185 mm, respectively), in comparison with the other two bites, and on the left side too, it was lesser in the Roth power centric bite (2.293 ± 0.979 mm and 2.360 ± 1.078 mm, respectively), when compared to the other two bites. Statistical analysis also showed the significance of Roth power centric bite over the other two bites. Conclusions: Favourable articular disc positional changes were observed in the Roth power centric bite followed by the initial contact bite and that maximum disc recapture was observed in most patients with the Roth power centric bite rather than in initial contact bite and maximum intercuspation positions. The Roth power centric bite could be assumed to be the ideal method for articulation and fabrication of gnathological splints for treating patients with temporomandibular disorders.
  • Item
    The Impact of Climate Change on Paediatric Dentistry
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Acharya, Sonu
    The effects of global warming and climate change are happening at a faster rate than expected, and they are going to get worse. Global climate change has already started to show the effects on environment—fast melting glaciers, accelerated sea level rise and base shifting of native flora and fauna. There has been an increase in temperature globally with a few countries already showing intense heat waves and extreme cold temperatures. The interrelation between dentistry, environmental impact and human health is still in its nascent stage, but studies in medicine show that the healthcare industry contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, poor air quality, food and water insecurity, extreme weather events and vector?borne illnesses. The concept of eco?friendly dentistry has evolved in this context for providing environmentally feasible dental solutions. Paediatric dentistry is no exception. The concept of prevention has to be promoted more in paediatric dentistry to provide a positive impact on environment. The prevention of oral diseases will lead to less travel to paediatric dental clinics, less use of dental materials, lesser energy usage, minimal use of single?use plastics and less use of nitrous oxide/general anaesthesia for behaviour management. The greenhouse gases have an effect on teeth of children in relation to early childhood caries (ECC). Here, we discuss the impact of climate change on paediatric dentistry and what changes can be made to provide environment?friendly solutions
  • Item
    ‘Frozen Eye’ ? Post Blowout Fracture Surgical Correction ? A Case Report
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Balaji, S. M.; Balaji, Preetha
    The Rationale: “Frozen Eye” is a very uncommon sequel after treatment of orbital blowout fractures requiring implant placement. Patient Concerns: The implant may faultily impinge on the ocular and extra?ocular muscle(s), causing the abnormality in the movement of the eye. Diagnosis: We present a 56?year?old male whose ocular implant impinged on muscle, causing “frozen eye” and had an infected implant. Treatment Outcomes: The same was removed and surgically corrected. The manuscript describes the details and discusses the possible mechanism that led to the “Frozen Eye”
  • Item
    Evaluating Diagnostic Performance of Three Cephalometric Vertical Parameters
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Azeez, Saya M.
    Objectives: The goal of this research was to see how reliable and valid three selected parameters from different analysis were in detecting the vertical skeletal pattern. Methods: There were 94 cephalometric x?rays used in all. The vertical skeletal pattern was assessed using the mandibular plane angle by Steiner, Frankfort mandibular angle by Tweed, and facial axis angle by McNamara. According to the diagnostic results of the majority of the measures, the samples were classified as normo?divergent, hypodivergent, or hyperdivergent. Kappa statistics, positive predictive value, and sensitivity were employed to verify the validity and reliability of the analyses. Results: A statistically significant weak negative correlation was found between Frankfort mandibular angle and facial axis angle in female group (p value < 0.01). A good agreement was found between mandibular plane angle with final diagnosis (K = 0.726). The mandibular plane angle showed highest sensitivity and positive predictive value in hypodivergent group (0.939, 0.816) and normo?divergent group (0.795, 0.833), respectively. Conclusion: For determining the facial vertical growth pattern the most accurate indicators were identified to be mandibular plane angle (SN?GoGn) and Frankfort mandibular angle.
  • Item
    Effect of Aging and Thermocycling on Flexural Strength of PEEK as a Provisional Restoration for Full Mouth Rehabilitation – An In vitro Study
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) J, Dhivya Priya; R, Lambodharan; Balakrishnan, Sivasaranya; R, Muthukumar; Selvaraj, Sabarinathan; Ramalingam, Sridharan
    Introduction: To compare the flexural strength of autopolymerizing poly methyl methacrylate resins (PMMA) resin, CAD/CAM milled PMMA and CAD/CAM milled poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) when used as provisional restorative materials for long span situations in full mouth rehabilitation after aging and thermocycling. Materials and Methods: Sixty samples (25 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm) were fabricated using autopolymerizing PMMA resin (GROUP I), CAD/CAM milled PMMA (GROUP II) and PEEK (GROUP III). The groups were subdivided into A and B and subjected to 7 days of aging and 500 cycles of thermocycling (subgroup A) and 14 days of aging and 1000 cycles of thermocycling (subgroup B), respectively, and flexural strength was evaluated using a three?point bend test. The data were analyzed with student t test and pair?wise comparison of mean values was done by ANOVA. Results: The flexural strength of PEEK subjected to 7 days of aging and 500 cycles of thermocycling (III (A) ? 6628.70 MPa) was the highest among all groups followed by PEEK subjected to 14 days of aging and 1000 cycles of thermocycling (III (B) ? 3760.50 MPa). Conclusion: The mean flexural strength of PEEK was statistically significant than the other two materials tested and hence can be recommended for use as a provisional restorative material for long span situations in full mouth rehabilitation. However, the mean flexural strength of PEEK reduced approximately by 44% when subjected to further aging
  • Item
    Comparison of Fracture Resistance of Simulated Immature Teeth Using Four Different Commercially Available Apexification Materials ? An invitro Study
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Zanjad, Supriya R.; Justin, Robert M.; Patil, Pranjali N.; Sarda, Aditi S.; Srivastava, Himanshu M.; Darade, Lalit D.
    Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth using four different apical plug materials, i.e. Pro? Root MTA, Neo? MTA Plus, Biodentine, and Bioactive Glass. Materials and Methods: 80 extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were divided into 4 groups for this study. They were prepared using Peeso reamers to simulate immature teeth and to mimic Cvek’s stage 3 of root development. A 5 mm apical barrier was placed using different materials. The remaining canal was obturated using gutta?percha and AH plus sealer. The final samples were stored at 37°C and 100% humidity for 4 weeks. Fracture resistance of the teeth was measured in Newtons using a universal testing machine. The comparison of fracture resistance between the four groups was done using Kruskal Walis ANOVA followed by post hoc Mann Whitney U test for pairwise comparison. Results: Biodentine group showed the highest fracture resistance as compared to the other three groups and the difference was highly significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Biodentine can be advocated over MTA as an effective material for the management of teeth with wide open apex. Bioactive glass also has shown promising results in increasing the fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth.
  • Item
    Evaluation of Root Canal Cleaning Efficacy of Selfadjusting Files, Protaper Rotary, and Manual K?Files in Primary Teeth ? An In vitro Comparative Study
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023-03) Challagulla, Anusha; Chandrappa, Vinay; Akurathi, Ratnaditya; Mrudula, K J N; Vemagiri, Charan Teja; Thote, Kiranmayi
    Background: The success of pulpectomy depends on complete eradication of microbial load by cleaning and shaping the primary root canals that is difficult to achieve because of anatomical intricacy of primary pulp dentin complex. Numerous instruments were tried, however, they proved to be inadequate. Selfadjusting file (SAF) is a newer file system that facilitates less dentin removal with maximal cleansing of root canals. Aim: To evaluate and compare the in vitro root canal cleaning efficacy with SAF, Protaper Universal, and Hand K?files in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted primary anterior teeth were randomly divided into three groups by lottery method. Access cavity was prepared, the canals were enlarged up to 20 K file, and an Indian ink was injected into each canal. Then the Group I (n = 20) was treated with SAF, Group II (n = 20) with Rotary Protaper Universal and Group III (n = 20) with Hand K?files and the root canal cleaning efficacy was evaluated based on the amount of Indian ink remaining in the canal walls under stereomicroscopy. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis one way ANOVA test and post hoc Tuckey test for intragroup and intergroup comparison, respectively. Results: A statistically highly significant difference was observed with SAF (mean = 1.5), Protaper (mean = 2.5), and Hand K?files (mean = 2.9). However, there was no significant difference in root canal cleaning efficacy with Protaper Universal and Hand K?files. Conclusion: The SAFs had shown superior cleaning efficacy compared with rotary Protaper Universal and manual K files.