JK Science Journal of Medical Education and Research
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Editor in chief: Vishal R. Tandon
Frequency: Quarterly
Language: English
Open Access Peer-reviewed journal
Web site: https://www.jkscience.org/index.php
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Item Enterococcus avium: A Rare Opportunistic and Multidrug Resistant Pathogen in Healthcare Setting(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-03) Singh, Peetam; Pandey, Anita; Saini, GauravThe enterococci are Gram positive and catalase negative bacteria usually inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans. The common species of the genus Enterococcus associated with clinical conditions are Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. The other species of the genus Enterococcus are rarely isolated from clinical specimens and rarely considered as pathogens. Enterococcus avium has rarely been reported causing opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals or persons having comorbidities and the pathogenic potential of Enterococcus avium is still debatable. We reported a series of four clinical cases due to infection with Enterococcus avium. Among these cases we reported one case of blood stream infection IN one case of catheter associated urinary tract infection and two cases of peritonitis. These reported cases were associated with immunocompromised states or comorbidities. Enterococcus avium was identified by VITEK-2 Compact automated system. All of these isolates were susceptible against high end antibiotics glycopeptides and linezolid.Item Nailfold Capillaroscopy Using Dermatoscope As a Tool to Assess Correlation of Vasculopathy in Nailfolds with Retinopathy in Diabetes Mellitus Patients(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-03) Thakur, Abhirut; Kaur, Gurkim; Sharma, Nancy; Dogra, Devraj; Kotwal, SumanBackground: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important long term complication in diabetes patients and if not treated adequately, can lead to permanent visual disturbances. Nail fold capillaroscopy (NFC) can be used as an screening and reliable tool in evaluating the progression of the disease by monitoring the microvascular changes associated with it.Aims: We aimed to correlate the capillaroscopic parameters with the severity of DR in diabetes mellitus patients.Material and Methods: Cross sectional observational study was conducted on 100 diabetics (50 with diabetic retinopathy and 50 without retinopathy) in outpatient department of dermatology for a period of 1 year. All the participants were subjected to NFC and ophthalmological assessment.Results: Four NC parameters showed significant positive correlation with severity of DR i.e age (years), duration of diabetes (years), tortuous capillary and avascular area with correlation coefficient of 0.28, 0.864, 0.364, 0.274 respectively. Significant negative correlation was seen with mean capillary density (capillaries/mm) with correlation coefficient of -0.38. Non-significant mild positive correlation was seen with HbA1c (%), gender, meandering capillary, bushy capillary, neoangiogenesis, capillary dropout and bizarre capillary. Conclusion: NFC can be used as a tool in assessing the capillaroscopic alterations in diabetics as an indicator of severity of DR.Item Comparison of Insertion Characteristics of Prewarmed Igel and I-gel at Room Temperature in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Surgeries- A Randomized Control Trial(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-03) Pathak, Priyanka; Wani, Mushtaq; Saini, HeenaBackground: I-gel is usually inserted at room temperature, but in certain studies it was found that I-gel may mould to the laryngeal structures faster if pre-warmed. The present study was conducted to investigate this hypothesis by comparing the airway sealing pressure and leak volume amount between prewarmed I- gel devices and those kept at room temperature in paralysed adult patients on Volume Controlled Ventilation mode of ventilator posted for elective surgeries. Material and Methods: 70 patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups using computer generated randomisation. In Group C, airway was secured with I- gel at room temperature. In Group W, patients airway was secured with I-gel which was prewarmed at 420celcius. Results:The mean insertion time of prewarmed I-gel was 11.94 ±1.59 seconds whereas that of I-gel at room temperature was 14.20 ±1.80 seconds which was stastitically significant. Mean leak volume after one minute and 30 minute of insertion in W group was lesser than C group and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.048).Conclusion: Prewarmed I-gel does not provide a higher sealing pressure or better insertion success rate even in the presence of muscle relaxants. However prewarmed I-gel had smaller insertion time and leak volume than control group.Item Current trends of Carbapenemase Production Amongst Multi-drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in a Tertiary-Care Hospital in West Bengal(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-03) Chakravarty, Arunima; Ray, Raja; Mondal, Ananda S; Raj, Hirak J.Background: Carbapemase production, being encoded on plasmids, can lead to transferable resistance and outbreaks with a community/hospital setup.Objectives: Our aim was to study the prevalence of Carbapenemase producing multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria in different zones of our hospital to aid in antimicrobial resistance surveillance.Methods and Materials: All clinical samples sent for culture and sensitivity study during the study period were followed up for detection of Carbapenemase production by phenotypic tests such as Carbapenem Inactivation tests and Carba NP test. Subsequently, molecular testing was done by PCR using five gene targets - blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaVIM, and blaOXA-48 .Results: The overall prevalence of Carbapenemase production among strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 45.25%. Klebsiella pneumoniae was found to be the most common Carbapenemase producer (45%). Metallo-?-lactamase was the predominant phenotypic expression and the most common gene was NDM (74%). Conclusions: The high prevalence of Carbapenemase producing bacteria in intensive care zones is a cause of alarm. Early detection of resistance, stringent infection prevention and control measures and antimicrobial stewardship are essential to preserve the usefulness of Carbapenems and improve therapeutic outcomes in patients.Item Relationship between Duration of Symptom Onset and Hospital Admission with other Variables Among COVID-19 Patients(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-06) Chidambaram, Y; Kumar, SS; Saravanan, T; Veronika, M.Background: Recent infections caused by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported worldwide, which makes complete understanding of the associated factors essential. Objectives: To assess the relationship between duration between symptom onset and hospital admission (SOT) with inflammatory markers, oxygen requirement, duration of hospital stay, and outcome among COVID-19 patients. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted among patients admitted in a tertiary healthcare center located in Coimbatore. Patients were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The medical records of all the selected participants were retrieved, and data related to the demographic and clinical variables were analysed. Results: The distribution of participants showed that 52.41% were males and had a mean age of 55.48±19.09 years. Common symptom reported was fever (63.45%), followed by cough (58.32%), myalgia (23.79%), and breathlessness (14.93%), with the most prevalent comorbidity being diabetes (36.7%). Results also show that there were significantly increased odds of needing oxygen requirement, remdesivir and steroid treatment, and increased D-dimer levels (p<0.05) with increased SOT. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the duration between SOT in COVID-19 patients can influence variables such as duration of hospital stay, symptoms, comorbidities, oxygen requirement, D-dimer levels, and treatment efficacy.Item Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Idiopathic Macular Hole by SD-OCT-A Cross Sectional Study(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-03) Nookala, Gyana Prasoona Devi; Challa, Jagannath; Priyanka, Sai; Pallamreddy, Sree LakshmiBackground: Idiopathic macular hole (IMH) is a condition characterized by anatomic discontinuity of the neurosensory retina in the fovea. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) has emerged as the benchmark for diagnosing and assessing macular holes. The objective of this study was to assess qualitative and quantitative characteristics of IMH on OCT and explore their relationship with the staging of macular holes and the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out involving 30 patients diagnosed with IMH. Various qualitative and quantitative parameters were recorded using SD-OCT. Associations between these parameters, macular hole staging, and BCVA were analyzed statistically.Results: The study revealed a female predominance among IMH patients, full thickness macular hole (FTMH) being the most common stage. Mean BCVA decreased with increasing MH staging, and Significant correlations were identified among BCVA and qualitative characteristics such as loss of integrity of photoreceptor layer and intraretinal cysts. Quantitative parameters including macular hole base diameter (MHBD), macular hole height (MHH), and inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) defect diameter showed significant differences across MH stages.Conclusion: Understanding qualitative and quantitative features observed via SD-OCT in IMH patients is essential for enhancing treatment approaches including preoperative planning, leading to better anatomical and functional prognoses and enhancing visual function.Item To Study Changes in Corneal Endothelium in Patients of Chronic Kidney Disease at GMC Jammu(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-03) Gupta, Sakshi; Kour, Chandanmeet; Gupta, VijaytaBackground: Chronic Kidney disease is a global health concern and patients with Chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an accelerated atherosclerosis and increased risk of thrombotic- ischemic complications as compared to general population. In addition, there is evidence of endothelial damage that may be attributed to proinflammatory state and toxin buildup due to reduced renal clearance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of CKD on corneal endothelium and correlate with severity of disease.Methods: It is a prospective, cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Ophthalmology, GMC, Jammu for a period of 6 months from October 2023 to March 2024. The study included 3 categories of patients each with 30 patients of either sex and between 15 and 80 years of age.Results: A total of 90 patients were included in the study. Majority of the patients belonged to age group 61-70 years and the most common cause of CKD was found to be Diabetes. We found decreased endothelial cell count with a mean of 2240 ± 396.22 cells/mm2 in dialysis group. We also found significant increase in coefficient of variation and decreased hexagonality which shows polymegathism and pleomorphism in corneal endothelial cells in CKD cases. However, no correlation was found between blood urea or serum creatinine with endothelial parameters in any group. Conclusion: Due to morphological abnormalities in corneal endothelium caused by CKD, patients with CKD are more susceptible to endothelial decompensation and hence special care should be taken before undergoing intraocular surgery.Item Evaluation of Serum Magnesium Level and Maternal Outcomes in Antenatal Women(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-06) Boda, Ravikumar; Dabhadkar, Suchita; Taralekar, Vaishali; Padwal, Meghana K; Takale, Lalna R.Background: Magnesium is one of the essential minerals which has multiple biochemical functions. Magnesium deficiency during pregnancy can lead to adverse outcomes like preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR), and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Aim and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to determine serum magnesium levels in antenatal women and evaluate maternal outcomes namely, preeclampsia and preterm birth. Material and Method: The study was prospective, observational and Cross-sectional which included 220 pregnant women attending outpatient department for antenatal care. Serum magnesium levels were determined at 24-26 weeks of pregnancy and were divided into Group 1 women with low magnesium levels and Group 2 with normal magnesium levels. Maternal outcomes of both Group 1 and Group 2 were studied after 10 weeks or at the time of delivery, whichever was earlier. Result: Serum magnesium levels in antenatal women were 1.79 ± 0.16mg/dl (Mean ± SD). The prevalence of magnesium deficiency in antenatal women was 6.8%. In Group I, out of 15 women with hypomagnesemia (<1.6 mg/dl), 3 women developed preeclampsia and none of them had preterm labour. In Group II, out of 205 women with normal magnesium (>1.6 mg/dl), 39 women developed preeclampsia whereas 35 women had preterm labour. Conclusion: Serum Magnesium levels needs to be evaluated in all antenatal women and may predict maternal outcomes.Item A Rare Case of Cutaneous Zygomycosis in a Diabetic Patient due to Syncephalastrum racemosum(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-06) Chirag, Sikander; Hashmi, Noha; Gurcoo, Mehreen SyedZygomycosis represents a group of uncommon but, potentially fatal fungal infections. The incidence of Zygomycosis has increased manifold in recent years. Syncephalastrumracemosum is a fungus belonging to Zygomycetes. Very few cases of human disease caused by this fungus have been documented. We report a case of a diabetic male with cutaneous Zygomycosis caused by Syncephalastrum racemosum. The patient was successfully treated with surgical debridement and Liposomal Amphoterecin B.Item Global Longitudinal Strain Value and its Association with Coronary Artery Disease Severity(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-03) Sonawane, Rohan G; Ponde, C. K.Background: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the commonest non communicable cause of mortality and morbidity in the world today. Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) Assessment can be an important tool inassessing severity of CAD. Aim: To assess role of GLS in predicting severity of CAD. Material and Methods: 160 patients, aged 18 to 75, suspected of CAD, underwent transthoracic echocardiograms before coronary angiography. Simpson’s method was used to measure LVEF. Depth-adjusted 2D images of the LV were taken in various views for offline measurement of 2D speckle-tracking myocardial strain. Global peak systolic strain was calculated by averaging six regional values from different views to measure longitudinal strain. Results: In this study, patients with significant CAD exhibited significantly lower GLS compared to those with non-significant CAD (-15.89 + 2.84% vs -18.36 +2.60%, p = 0.0001). As CAD severity increased, GLS values decreased significantly (-17.14 + 2.57% vs -16.27+2.42% vs -14.74+2.78%). A decremental trend in GLS with increasing CAD severity was observed, indicating a higher risk of multi- vessel disease with lower GLS values (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Reduced GLS indicates early LV systolic dysfunction in significant CAD patients. Thus, GLS measurement serves as an important diagnostic tool for predicting severe CAD.Item Ocular Manifestations Among Thalassemia Patients Presenting to Tertiary Care Hospital in Jammu Region(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-06) Syal, Sonika; Kousar, Rukhsana; Gupta, Riya; Sharma, Hans Raj; Kaur, ManpreetBackground: Thalassemia patients present with different types of ocular manifestations. These can be due to the disease process itself or due to iron chelation therapy. Aims: This study aims to find out the ocular manifestations in thalassemia patients at a tertiary care hospital in Jammu region. Material and Methods: It was a prospective, observational, cross-sectional, hospital-based study including 50 patients. A detailed history of the patients was taken. The ocular examination included the detailed slit lamp examination of the anterior segment, the colour vision, detailed fundus examination, refraction, and Schirmertest for dry eyes. Results: Out of 50 patients, 19 patients (38%) had ocular manifestations and these included dry eyes (30%), refractive errors (20%), colour vision defects (6%), disc hyperaemia (6%), AV tortuosity (4%), tessellated fundus (2%) and pseudoxanthoma elasticum (6%). Conclusion: In our study, we concluded that dry eyes were the most common ocular manifestations of thalassemia, followed by, refractive errors, colour vision defects, disc hyperaemia, AV tortuosity, tessellated fundus and pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Therefore, regular ophthalmological examination is essential to detect and manage these manifestations as soon as possible.Item Benign Struma Ovarii, Rare Ovarian Tumor – A Case Report and Review of Literature(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-06) Patil, Nanda; Ghadge, Neha; Dodia, DharaBackground: Struma ovarii is a monodermalteratoma which contains thyroid tissue. It is a rare ovarian neoplasm, mostly having benign nature. Clinical as well as radiological feature are not specific and diagnosis of this is based on histopathological examination. Cystic strumaovarii is very rare.We present a case of strumaovarii arising from right ovary in a 52 year old female patient presented with abdominal discomfort and pain in abdomen. The tumor was cystic in nature which is again a rare occurrence.Cystic strumaovarii is a rare diagnosis, a good histopathological diagnosis is needed.Item Histopathological Spectrum and Immunohistochemistry Expression of Pediatric Solid Malignant Tumors: An Observational Study(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-03) Patel, Bhumika; Kunda, Jagadale; Bharadwaj, ReenaIntroduction: The major leading cause of disease-related mortality in children is childhood cancer. It can be difficult to make an accurate diagnosis using only histopathology due to overlapping features and similar histomorphological appearances in various cancers. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers can help distinguish tumors that show similar histomorphological features.Aims & Objectives: This study was undertaken to evaluate the histopathological spectrum of pediatric solid malignant neoplasms with IHC and to assess the role of IHC in pediatric solid malignant tumors.Study Design: An observational study of resected malignant solid tumors in the pediatric population including Gross and Histopathological examination was conducted.Materials and methods: 55 samples were collected for five years. All samples were processed for routine histopathology and IHC was done on the majority of these samples. Results: The top five categories of tumors were retinoblastomas, lymphomas, neuroblastomas, bone and soft tissue tumors, and renal and reproductive system tumors. The mean age is 6.6 years and most commonly presented in 0-5 years of age constituting 30 cases. 35 cases seen were in male patients, and 20 in female patients. IHC was performed on 44 cases for confirmation of diagnosis. For the rest of the 11 cases, the histopathological study is the gold standard for diagnosis. Conclusion: An integrated approach including Histomorphological features is required for provisional diagnosis and IHC is necessary for final diagnosis and further characterization.Item Prevalence and Outcome of Hyponatremia in Critically Ill Children Admitted to The Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Tertiary Care Hospital – A Cohort Study(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-06) Perumalsamy, Rishika Jothi; Sugunan, Sheeja; Krishnan, RekhaBackground: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbance observed in hospitalized children with an incidence of 15 - 45%. The proportion is found to be higher in ICU setting. However, presence of hyponatremia worsens the prognosis in ill patients. Objective: To find the prevalence and outcome of patients having hyponatremia on morbidity and mortality in PICU. Methods: This prospective cohort study conducted at Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Kerala during 6-month period. Result: Out of 410 patients, 253 had hyponatremia on admission with prevalence of 61.71%, 161 had norm natremia and 3 had hypernatremia. Hyponatremia was frequent among patients with pediatric risk of mortality score > 5 %. Severe hyponatremia was also associated with increase in length of PICU stay [p=0.024], increase in requirement of mechanical ventilation andmortality [p = <0.001] in comparison to milder group. Hence hyponatremia severity was independent risk factor of mortality in PICU, but might also confound other risk factors that render the children requiring prolonged hospital stay, mechanical ventilation and mortality. Conclusion: Hyponatremia is an independent prognostic factor for mortality: however, the reason for this remains unclear. Hence early recognition of hyponatremia and appropriate intervention will improve the outcome.Item Malignant Melanoma Anal Canal - A Rare Location(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-06) Thalasta, P; Dhar, A; Sachdeva, K; Nambirajan, A; Pandey, V; Thakur, UK; Pasi, K; Singh, A; Ciramchetty, SP.Anorectal malignant melanoma (AMM) is rare, presents a diagnostic challenge often confused with rectal carcinoma, which constitutes the majority of rectal tumors. Its aggressive nature leads to a poor prognosis with fatal outcomes. Early diagnosis is crucial due to its nonspecific symptoms. Combination of complete surgical resection with adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy may be of benefit. Here, we present one such case managed successfully by abdominoperineal resection (APR).Item Comparison between Levobupivacaine and Levobupivacaine with Clonidine in Erector Spinae Plane Block in Patients undergoing open Cholecystectomy: A Prospective Randomized Double Blinded Study(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-06) Sahoo, Swagatika; Chattopadhyay, Suman; Datta, Sagnik; Bhar, Debasish; Maiti, Asim KumarBackground: Erector spinae plane (ESP) block is effective for post-operative analgesia in thoracic and abdominal surgeries. There is minimal experience with clonidine (alpha2 agonist) as an adjuvant to levobupivacaine in ESP block. The objective of the present study is to compare the duration of postoperative analgesia between levobupivacaine and levobupivacaine with clonidine in open cholecystectomy following ESP block. Methods: One hundred patients, randomly divided into two groups, undergoing open cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia (GA), were given ESP block 20 min before administration of GA. Group L received 19 ml of 0.25% levobupivacaine with 1 ml of normal saline and group LC received clonidine (1.5 mcg/ kg) prepared in 1 ml of normal saline as adjuvant with 19 ml of 0.25% levobupivacaine for ESP block. In the postoperative period, the duration and requirement of analgesia were recorded. Results: Duration of post-operative analgesia in group LC was 595.78± 71.5 min compared to 357.2± 18.14 min in group L. (P<0.0001). The requirement of analgesic in the first 24 hours was also significantly less in group LC (P<0.0001).Conclusion: Clonidine as adjuvant with levobupivacaine in erector spinae plane block provides longer duration of analgesia and reduces analgesic requirement postoperatively without any significant adverse effects.Item Correlation of Serum Vitamin D Levels in Young Myopes(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-06) Kousar, Rukhsana; Syal, Sonika; Sharma, Hans Raj; Sharma, Malvika; Gupta, Riya; Kaur, ManpreetBackground: Globally, myopia is a serious public health issue, and in recent years, its prevalence has been rising rapidly particularly in urban Asia. Aims: To determine the levels of serum vitamin D in young myopes and to find its correlation with myopia. Material and Methods: This was an hospital-based, cross sectional, observational study conducted in the Upgraded Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College Hospital, Jammu over a period of 6 months and included 56 patients with myopia and 56 patients as controls. All the myopic patients (n=56) underwent ophthalmologic examinations together with post cycloplegic refraction. Vitamin D levels of both the groups were measured. Data was then collected and analysed. Results: The mean age of myopes and controls were 17.20 ± 9.5 and 15.65 ± 8.9 years respectively. In the myopic group (n=56), 28.5 % had pre myopia, 39.2% had low myopia and 32.1% had high myopia. The mean serum vitamin D levels were 14.86 ± 7.64 ng/ml in myopic group and 26.03 ± 8.71 ng/ml in controls which was found to be statistically significant (P<0.01). There was a significant association between low serum vitamin D levels and myopia (p= 0.0002). In pre myopia patients we found out that 18.7% patients were having vitamin D deficiency while in patients with low myopia and high myopia the vitamin D deficiency was present in 45.4% and 61.1% respectively.Conclusion: In our study we found a significant association between low serum vitamin D levels and myopia (p= 0.0002). These findings suggest a potential association between myopia and vitamin D deficiency. In order to implement the role of vitamin D supplementation in young myopes, further longitudinal research must be conducted.Item Assessment of Quality of Life Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Area of Jammu District, J&K(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-06) Mudasir, Majeed; Kumari, Rashmi; Gupta, Rajiv K; Mahajan, Richa; Langer, BhavnaBackground: Quality of life (QOL) is now becoming an important measure of burden of diseases as it assesses emotional, social and psychological domain besides the physical well being. The present study aimed to asses QOL among diabetic patients in a rural setting.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetic patients attending Medicine OPD in Community Health Centre in rural area. All the eligible diabetic patients were included in the study using consecutive sampling technique and were assessed using WHO-BREF Questionnaire for the QOL.Results: A total of 308 respondents constituted the study population. The mean age of the participants was 52.80 ± 10.97 years. Among various domains of QOL, mean scores were found to be maximum for environmental domain (54.08± 14.76). Females have lower scores among various QOL domains as compared to their male counterparts. Age was found to be independent predictor for all the domains of QOL. Literacy, monthly family income and duration of the diabetes were all significantly associated with majority of domains of QOL on multivariate analysis (P<0.05). Conclusion: Advancing age and duration of diabetes were found to be among important predictors of QOL. Influencing factors of QOL in these patients need better planning to improve physical and psychosocial burden of disease and attainment of better QOL.Item Demographic and Clinical Insights into Vitiligo: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Centre(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-06) Wani, Mashkoor Ahmed; Sharma, Rajesh; Qureshi, Irfan Ahmed; Kumari, Dixsha; Gupta, ManasBackground: Vitiligo is a prevalent acquired pigmentary disorder with a worldwide incidence of 0.5%- 2%, rising to 8.8% in India. Despite its non-lethal nature, it significantly impacts quality of life due to its psychosocial effects.Aim: To examine the demographic, etiological, and clinical profiles of vitiligo patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital involving 142 patients over a period of one year. Detailed history, clinical examination, and relevant investigations were performed to rule out other autoimmune disorders.Results: The study comprised 84 (59%) males and 58 (41%) females, ranging in age from 3 to 72 years, with a higher prevalence in younger individuals. Vitiligo was progressive in 69.1% patients, with vitiligo vulgaris being the most common subtype seen in 77.5% patients. Segmental vitiligo exhibited the earliest onset. A family history of vitiligo was found in 29 (18.3%) patients. Koebner’s phenomenon and trichrome sign, present in 36 (25.4%) and 63 (44.4%) patients respectively, were associated with disease progression. The lower limb was the most frequently affected site, followed by the head and neck. Autoimmune conditions, particularly hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus, were noted in 21 (14.8%) cases. A family history of other autoimmune conditions was present in 29 (20.4%) patients. Conclusion: Vitiligo predominantly affects younger individuals and often progresses, with vitiligo vulgaris being prevalent. Segmental vitiligo has an earlier onset. Koebner’s phenomenon and trichrome sign are linked to disease progression. Significant associations include family history of vitiligo and autoimmune conditions, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and management.Item A Rare Case Report of Ileo-Ileal Intusucception In A Young Adult(Dr. Annil Mahajan from Jammu (J&K), India, 2025-03) Rana, Safia; Bushra; Mohroo, Rubeena; Trisal, Monal; Solanki, Alka; Jetley, Sujata; Thakral, AjayIntussusception is rarely found in adults, accounting for about 5% of all cases of intussusception. The lipomas found in ileum are usually asymptomatic, not needing any special intervention. Herein, we describe a case of 36-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain associated with projectile vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound sonography and computed tomography of abdomen were suggestive of intussusception. The patient underwent emergency laparotomy surgery and partial resection of the ileum, including the ileal mass, following reduction of the intussusception. The resected specimen was diagnosed on histopathology as an intestinal lipoma. The patient made a satisfactory recovery post operatively and was discharged.