JK Science Journal of Medical Education and Research

Permanent URI for this collection

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/151076

Editor in chief: Vishal R. Tandon
Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.jkscience.org/index.php

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 1283

Abdominal Tuberculosis in Surgical Practise.
(2000-01) Thapa, D R; Sidhu, Meena; Goswamy, H L; Digray, Nasib C; Kaehroo, R K; Nargotra, R K
Thirty patients of abdominal tuberculosis in the age group of 20-40 years weare analyzed. Majority of the cases had abdominal pain as the leading clinical presentation. A significant number of patients also had abdominal lump. Intestinal obstruction / perforation was present in 10 patients requiring surgical intervention. Barium studies (done on 27 occasions) had positive rate of 70%. All patients, where diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed, received three-drug anti-tubercular regimen There was no post-operative mortality.
Abnormal Position of Vermiform Appendix in a Macrosomatic Infant.
(2011-10) Ahmadpour, Shariar; Alavi, Ali; Saranasirizadeh; Gorgifard, Maryam
In the present paper, a rare anomalyof thevermiform appendix is being reportedin a macrosomatic infant. Earlier some researchers had reported subhepatic appendix. Here we report subhepatic vermiform appendix associated with other anomalies like retroperitoneal ilium, intraperitoneal ascending colon and maldescendant cecum thathadnotreported. Further, ontogenic explanation of the anomalies is discussed in detail.
Acalculous Cholecystitis
(2003-10) Dhar, Satyendra; Gupta, Rajive; Chrungoo, R K; Saraf, Suresh; Parihar, Satish
Acardiac Parabiotic Triplet.
(2011-07) H, Dar Owvass; S, Bhau Shalinder; S, Bhau Kulwant; K, Parihar Ravi
Acardiac parabiotic twin commonly known as parasite occurs rarely and may lead to high output cardiac failure, hydrops or premature delivery in the pump fetus. Doppler USG of acardiac fetal umbilical vessels and fetal echocardiography aids in the diagnosis. Treatment can be done prenatally by stopping the blood flow to the acardiac twin without affecting the pump twin, achieved by endoscopic (fetoscopic) ligation or laser coagulation of the umbilical cord or Bipolar cauterization or intra-fetal radio frequency ablation or USG guided thrombosis of umbilical cord.
Accessory Soleus Muscle: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
(2002-01) Mir, Naseer Ahmed; Kangoo, Khurshid Ahmed
A rare case of accessory soleus muscle presenting as equines deformity with mild cavus of right ankle is reported.
An Accessory Uterine Cavity As A Cause of Pelvic Pain.
(2008-04) Bakshi, Rupali; Sharma, Belu; Mehta, Annil; Mehta, Anjali
Mullerian abnormality is a rare cause for pain abdomen and especially in multiparae who have dysmenorrhoea. It may interfere with quality of life. Surgical treatment if offered early may reduce suffering. We hereby report a case to increase the awareness regarding the mullerian abnormality as a cause of chronic pelvic pain in females.
The Accuracy of Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Palpable Breast Lumps.
(2008-10) Singh, Kailash; Azad, Tariq; Gupta, Ghanshyam Dev
To find the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of ultrasound in detection of palpable breast lumps and to correlate the findings of ultrasound with the findings of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), or histopathology. Ultrasonagraphic evaluation of 100 palpable breast lumps was done in our institute in the department of radiology. Diagnosis was made considering four features of the lumps i.e. shape, margins, width: AP ratio and echogenicity. Diagnosis was confirmed by fine needle aspiration cytology or histopathology.The sensitivity of ultrasound in detection of palpable breast lumps was 95%. The incidence of breast lumps was highest in the age group of 20-29 years. Lump alone was the presentation in 78% of the cases. 54% of the lumps were present in outer upper quadrant of the breast. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of ultrasound in fibroadenoma of the breast was 81.6%, 94.7% and 91.2% respectively. The sensitivity for carcinoma of the breast was 65% and for cystic masses it was 92%. The ultrasound features that most reliably characterized breast masses as benign were round or oval shape (95% were benign), circumscribed margins (86% were benign) and width: AP ratio > 1.4 (87% were benign). Features that characterised masses as malignant were irregular shape (47% were malignant), non-circumscribed margins (41% were malignant) and width: AP ratio 1.4 (39% were malignant).Ultrasound is a useful tool in differentiation of cystic from solid masses of the breast. It is useful in young females and pregnant women where mammography is not advisable. However its role in diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast needs further evaluation before it can be used for screening of carcinoma breast.
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans an Emerging Opportunistic Nosocomial Pathogen: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital
(Dr. Annil Mahajan, 2024-01) Bhatawadekar, SM; Babu, A; Kumar, M; Modak, MS.
Background: Achromobacter is a rare Gram negative bacilli which is found in soil and water but is emerging as cause of nosocomial infections. Patients with devices like central venous catheter, ventilator,and implants are at higher risk of developing these infections as compared to the normal population. Its ability to produce biofilm can result in development of resistance to many commonly used antibiotics making these infections difficult to treat. Aims: To study the demographic profile, comorbidities associated and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Achromobacter xylosoxidans infection in our center. Study Design: This cross-sectional retrospective study was done in the department of microbiology. All the clinical samples received in the microbiology laboratory from September 2018 to August 2022 from which Achromobacter xylosoxidanswasisolated, were included. Material and Methods: Lab records and Vitek 2 compact database(bioMérieux, Marcy l’Étoile, France) were verified to obtain the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each isolate.Case records were studied to examine the demographic profile of the patients. Results: 25 samples grew Achromobacter species. 48% of isolates were obtained from blood sample. 50% of the patients had one or more comorbid conditions. 80% of the patients had device in situ. Conclusion: Though uncommon organisms like Achromobacter speciesare getting reported as a pathogen in many nosocomial infections, many physicians are still not aware this. Only timely diagnosis and the most appropriate treatment will reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by this organism.
Acquired Fibrokeratoma on Palm: An Unusual Site.
(2014-04) Langer, Cheena; Dogra, Dev Raj; Dogra, Naina Kala
Acquired fibrokeratoma is a rarely reported disorder. It most commonly involves fingers and toes and usually has size less than 5 mm. Very few cases have been reported in the Indian literature. We report one such case, occurring at an unusual site involving palm of the hand.
Actinomycosis - Left Post Chest Wall.
(2008-01) Akhtar, Kafil; Naim, M; Ahmad, S Shamshad; Khan, Nazoora; Abedi, Uroos; Khan, A H
A forty year old female of weak body built presented with recurring small hard lumps in let posterior chest wall for 3 years and discharging ulcers for 3 months duration. Clinically, the provisional diagnosis was malignancy with secondary infection. FNAC showed features suggestive of dysplasia but histopathology confirmed the diagnosis as actinomycosis. The present case is reported due to rare incidence of actinomycosis at post chest wall with muscle involvement.
Actinomycosis of The Tongue:A Diagnostic Dilemma.
(2010-10) Chowdary, Aniece; Kaul, Anirudh; Atri, Surinder
Actinomycosis is a bacterial, suppurative chronic infectious disease caused by Actinomyces israelli. Actinomycotic infections of the cervicofacial region are not uncommon , however Actinomycosis of tongue is rare. A mass that may mimic both benign and malignant neoplasms can be seen at clinical presentation and may mislead the diagnosis. We report a patient who presented with a tumor like tongue mass causing speech disturbance and difficulty in swallowing, diagnosed as actinomycosis.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
(2005-01) Gupta, S K; Gupta, Ajay; Mahajan, Annil; Verma, Sourabh; Singh, J B
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a multifocul inflammatory myelinopathy of the CNS which is generally but not exclusively monophasic. Typically it follows after vaccination or some viral infection. The diagnosis is difficult due to insensitivity of CT imaging and lack of pathognomic clinical and laboratory features. We highlight the role of MRI in diagnosing an unusual case of ADEM presenting to us with fever, seizures, hemiparesis and drowsiness who improved remarkably with methyl prednisolone therapy.
Acute Duodenal Ulcer Perforation With Carcinoma Stomach.
(1999-07) Gupta, K K; Goswamy, H L; Digray, Nasib C; Mengi, Yogeshwar; Sadhu, S
A 62 year old female who presented with features of acute duodenal perforation and associated carcinoma stomach (Ca-Stomach) is reported. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, biopsy and barium meal showed an adenocarinoma of cat'dia and proximal 1I3rd of stomach. Such an association of pathology is not reported earlier in the literature.
Acute Pancreatitis : An Update
(2004-10) Gandotra, Dheeraj K; Anand, Amit; Verma, Sourabh; Singh, J B; Gupta, Rajesh; Gupta, Vijay
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia : Experience at a North Indian Tertiary Care Hospital with Review of Literature
(2001-01) Agarwal, Vikash; Srivastava, Arun; Dabadghao, Sunil; Nityanand, Soniya
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterised by balanced translocation between the long arms of chromoso)ne 15 and 17 resulting in formation of fusion protein PML/RARa. Due to this abnormal fusion protein, myeloid cell differentiation is arrested at the promyelocyte level. This molecular defect and myeloid cell differentiation arrest can be overcome by pharmacologic doses of ali-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). APL most common Iy presents as catastrophic bleeding manifestations which is a major cause of mortality. If diagnosed and treated early, patients can be salvaged and can achieve long term disease free survival. Our experience of seven patients is presented. All patiens presented with bleeding manifestation and two died due to it. Rest of the five patients who underwent chemotherapy in the form of induction with ATRA along with supportive measures (fresh frozen plasma and platelets) followed by consolidation therapy in the form of multi-agent chemotherapy, achieved prolonged disease free remission. Thus with early diagnosis and start of ATRA, APL is a potentially curable malignancy.
Acute Simultaneous Bilateral Extradural Hematoma.
(2011-07) Sabharwal, Sudhir
Bilateral extradural hematomas are uncommon consequence of head injury with many unique features .In our case the fracture line over the skull was extending across the sagittal sinus.This case report emphasizes the specific features as to their etiopathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management principles.
Acute Subdural Haematoma(SDH) & mimicking Extradural Haematoma (EDH).
(1999-10) Sharma, Anil
Adbominal Compartment Syndrome: Need for an early recognition of entity often unidentified.
(2000-07) Kumar, Santosh; Angral, Ravi; Sharma Ajay., Ajay
Additive Intraocular Pressure Lowering Effects of Ripasudil in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension
(Dr. Annil Mahajan, 2024-01) Jabeen, A; Sharma, AK; Sharma, HR.
Introduction: Glaucoma is one of the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Among the affected ones, approximately 50% are not aware of it, because of its asymptomatic nature, especially in the early stages. Ripasudil Hydrochloride Hydrate is a novel drug, being the Rho-associated coiled-coil- containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor eye drop that increases conventional aqueous outflow through the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm’s canal and thus lowers the intraocular pressure. Material and Methods: This prospective study included the first 150 consecutive eyes in patients of uncontrolled glaucoma with IOP > 21 mmHg despite maximal topical anti-glaucoma medications in at least one eye and aged eighteen or above. The patients with neovascular glaucoma, closed or barely open anterior chamber angle or with history of ocular surgery including refractive surgery were excluded. The purpose and nature of the study were explained in detail, and informed consent was obtained from all patients. Results: This study included 115 patients with 150 affected eyes. The mean age of patients in this series was 43.6 years with a range of 24-73 years. Right eye was affected in 47, left in 33 patients and the remaining 35 patients had bilateral involvement. The mean pachymetry was 521.13 ?m in right eye and 523.53 ?m in left eye and the mean cup disc ratio was 0.8 and 0.7 in right and left eye respectively. The mean baseline intraocular pressure in our series was 18.60 mmHg +- 7.60 mmHg. The mean IOP at six month follow up visit (final follow-up) was 11.83mmHg +- 4.45, which was statistically significant. The mean reductions in IOP at one month was 12.64mmHg, at 3 months follow up 12.07mmHg. Conclusion: The results of our study implies that ripasudil is a favourable anti glaucoma drug that can lower intraocular pressure. The additive pressure lowering effects of ripasudil in addition to existing maximal therapy can be because of different mechanism of action, it can delay or evade surgery in glaucoma. Transient conjunctival hyperaemia, not necessitating discontinuation was the most common complication in this series.
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) Cervix in a Young Female- A Rare Occurrence
(Dr. Annil Mahajan, 2023-01) Mahajan, S; Jandial, A; Bhardwaj, S.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma cervix (ACC) is an extremely rare (representing <1% of cervical carcinomas), highly aggressive cancer of old, macroscopically appearing as an irregular, friable mass and histologically showing a pseudo glandular or cribriform growth pattern. The tumor is highly infiltrative, often associated with vascular, lymphatic as well as perineural invasion and early recurrence. We report a case of ACC Cervix in a 20-year-old female who presented with vaginal bleeding and cervical biopsy suggested ACC. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy and the histopathological examination revealed adenoid cystic carcinoma cervix extending and inolving endometrium and greater than 2/3rd of the myometrium with uninvolved adnexa. We report this case because of its rarity and particularly unusual occurrence in young females.

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