International Archives of BioMedical and Clinical Research

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Clinical Significance of Microbial Flora in Middle Ear Infections and its Implications
(Medicozum Limited, 2024-09) Gaur, A; Khan, MI.
Background: In pre-antibiotic era, complications related with CSOM were frequent, but, the antibiotics is important to clinicians as a tool to be used even without the specific etiological diagnosis. However, if the antibiotics used wide in range so it leads to the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacterial strains and complication of disease. In the last decade, variations in microbial flora in middle ear infection have been confirmed by many researchers. Methods: This study was carried out in 110 cases who had middle ear infection. This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology and Otolaryngology, Government Medical College, Shahdol. This study duration was six month. Results: We found that from the 53.6% cases had infection with Gram positive bacteria followed by gram negative bacteria. Conclusions: This is suggested that ear infection should be treated when the causative agents as well as the drug sensitivity patterns are known and properly administered.
Effectiveness of Vitamin D level in Patients who had Sleeve Gasterectomy Surgery for Morbid Obesity; Retrospective Clinical study
(Medicozum Limited, 2024-06) Dal, MB.
Background: Obesity is associated with various comorbidities in addition to increased mortality. Indeed, a modest 3-5% weight loss results in an improvement in various health outcomes. Various treatment options are currently available for weight management, including surgical and non-surgical approaches. Weight loss varies widely between interventions and is highest following bariatric surgery. Body mass index, and particularly fat mass, is a known determinant of Vitamin D deficiency is common in individuals with obesity. Such a deficiency is multifactorial. Low vitamin intake and supplements, poor dietary habits and low sun exposure are important risk factors. In addition, changes in the activity and expression of enzymatic pathways involved in vitamin D metabolism have been observed, including a decrease in the expression of hydroxylation enzymes, namely 25-hydroxylase and 1?-hydroxylase in adipose tissue, and a decrease in hepatic 25-hydroxylation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D level and weight loss in patients after Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, a Bariatric Surgery.Methods: The files of all patients who had bariatric surgery between January 2017 and January 2021 were reviewed. All patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy were retrospectively evaluated for weight loss and Vitamin D levels in the specified time period. We see very good results in 6 months, maximum excess weight loss in one year, lower weight loss between one year and three years.Results: Eighty-five patients who managed to be evaluated for weight loss at 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years after surgery during the analyzed period were included in the study. Of 85 patients, 65 (77%) were female, 20 (23%) were male, and the mean age was 43(27-51 years). The mean preoperative BMI was 46.7 kg/m2 (range 44.6-57.4).Conclusion: Despite the increase in vitamin D levels due to weight loss in the early period in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery, patients need vitamin D support after a certain period of time. The effect of this vitamin D supplement on weight loss is not clearly understood. Double-blind randomized clinical studies are needed to obtain clearer results.
Effect of red blood cell lysing agent in leukemia/lymphoma immunophenotyping by flow cytometry
(Medicozum Limited, 2024-03) Rahman, K; Khan, MA; Sarkar, MK; Biswas, S; Kumar, A; Singh, MK; Chandra, D; Gupta, R.
Background: Getting rid of the red blood cells (RBC) is an integral part of flow cytometry (FCM)-based leukemia/lymphoma immunophenotyping. It is routinely done using an RBC lysing agent. RBC lysing has numerous consequences for the physical and immunophenotypic characteristics of the cell. We aimed to analyse the effect of different RBC lysing agents (with or without paraformaldehyde) on the antibody staining pattern.Methods: Three different RBC lysis preparations were used, namely BD FACSLyse (FL) and BD PharmLyse (PL), and a laboratory-prepared (home-brewed, HB) ammonium chloride-based reagent. A lyse-stain-wash protocol was used to prepare the cells, which were stained usinga single tube of five-color antibodies (CD20-BV605, CD8-BV510, CD3-FITC, CD4-CD19-PeCy7, and CD45-APCR700). The effects of different lysings on different cellular characteristics, including the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD45 in lymphocytes, CD3 in T lymphocytes, CD19 in B lymphocytes, CD20 in B lymphocytes, CD4 in T helper cells, CD8 in cytotoxic T cells, and CD4 in monocytes, were noted.Results: The duration needed for the RBC lysis using PL and HB was longer than that with FL (15–20 minutes vs. 10 minutes). The morphology of leukocytes was better preserved with the FL as compared to the HB and PL. The MFI of most of the antigens was similar for the HB and PL, butit was significantly lower for the FL. Conclusion: We should be aware of the changes that these agents may bring to the physical or immunophenotypic properties so as to choose the appropriate agent.
Treatment of Post - traumatic Bone Defects with infection in L ong B ones
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2022-03) Agarwal, Hari Om; Chawla, Harjit K. Singh; Garg, Ashish; Sahni, Girish
Background: Open fractures are a challenging condition to treat because they are frequently compounded by infection and nonunion. Traditional bone defect care strategies are mostly focused on fracture union rather than infection prevention. The goal of this study is t o use the Masquelet approach to examine the outcome of a post - traumatic defect with infection in long bones. This method is a two - step process. Stage I surgery includes debridement and the placement of an antibacterial spacer in the bone defect. Stage II s urgery involved removing the spacer while preserving the induced membrane that had grown on the spacer's surface and filling the bone - gap with morselized iliac crest bone - graft within the membrane sleeve. Methods: There were 22 patients in this study (18 m ales and 4 females), all of them had infected long bone fractures with a bone defect. The average length of the bone defect was 3.5 centimetres. The duration of follow - up varied from 6 to 15 months. Results: After an average of 11.5 weeks following the fir st step of surgery, radiological union was achieved. After stage 1, no patient had any remaining infection. After radiological union, all of the patients were able to mobilise with full weight bearing and a satisfactory range of motion in the adjoining joi nts. Conclusion: With favourable outcomes, this treatment can be used on infected fractures with bone loss on a regular basis. Antibiotic cement spacers, used in conjunction with complete debridement, minimise the risk of infection. The graft is revascular ized through induced biomembrane. In most circumstances, union may be predicted; nonetheless, the length of time it takes to reach an agreement is a constraint. The technique is low - cost and does not necessitate any additional training or equipment. Despit e the fact that it is a two - stage procedure, it does not necessitate several surgeries as in traditional approaches.
Simvastatin and Its Role in Anti - Inflammation and Cancer Therapy: A Review
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2022-06) Izhar, Raafiah; Ali, Gufran; Abidi, Syed Sibte Akbar; Mahtab, Mohammad
3 - Hydroxy - 3 - methylglutaryl - coenzyme, a reductase inhibitors (statins) are widely used drugs to reduce lipid levels by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. Simvastatin, a lipophilic statin is one of the most frequently prescribed statin drugs throughout th e world due to profound reductions in LDL - C with excellent tolerability, with very little risk of important adverse effects, to a lower extent. It also reduce triglycerides and increase high - density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Beside this, studies on simvastatin have shown to exhibit numerous pleiotropic effects, has beneficial effect on endothelial function, smooth muscle cell function, haemostasis, vascular wall function, LDL oxidation, kidney diseases, inflammation and anticarcinogenic effects on ma ny types of cancer including prostate, breast hepatic and colon carcinoma. In this review, we present a
Impairment of C ognition in patients of B ipolar disorder in E uthymia in Indian population
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2022-06) Kaliramana, Preeti; Dixit, Abhinav; Nebhinani, Naresh; Sircar, Sabyasachi
Background: Bipolar disorder is one of the common mental disorders(CMD) in India. It leads to significant cognitive deficit even during the period of euthymia. So, it is important to identify the various cognitive deficits in euthymic bipolar disorder patients in Indian population. Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 2 years in AIIMS Jodhpur, Rajasthan. 30 cases and 30 controls were selected. Cases were selected by administering Hamilton dep ression rating scale (HAM - D) and Young mania rating scale (YMRS) to the bipolar disorder patient, recruited from Psychiatry OPD, to select the patients who were in euthymia. Cognitive domains such as attention, memory, fluency, language and Visuospatial we re tested in both the groups and compared. Kruskal - Wallis test was employed to compare the 2 sample groups for different variables. In this study we wanted to observe the decline in cognitive function in healthy vs euthymic bipolar disorder patients and to know the various domains of cognition that are affected. Results: This study shows a presence of cognitive decline in euthymic bipolar disorder patients as compared to controls. A significant difference was found in all the cognitive domains namely atte ntion, memory, fluency, language and visuospatial between cases and controls. Conclusion: This study shows a positive correlation between cognitive decline and bipolar patients during the period of euthymia. This suggests that even though the bipolar disor der patient is in remission, there is still a residual effect on cognition during euthymic state which can eventually affect the day to day life and can hamper the quality of life.
Histopathological Analysis of Biopsy Cases Processed at Diagnostic Centers of PAF Faisal And Masroor Hospital - A Prospective Study
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2022-03) Bugti, Saira; Qasmi, Shamsul Arfin; Saldera, Kauser; Qamar, Nazia; Ghani, Afsheen
Background: Histopathological patterns help to define the orientation as well as the duration of disease. The findings identified through this tool aids in the identification and selection of treatment modality as well as provides a prognostic assessment of the condition. Methods: A prospective study design was opted for this research. A total of 221 patients from either gender, ages between 31 to 38 years, undergoing different types of surgical procedures were en rolled from the Faisal and Masroor Base Hospital, Karachi Pakistan. After receiving consent, a biopsy specimen was taken and transferred to the laboratory for staining and further processing for histopathological examination. Results: The major findings i solated among specimens constituted of samples from the Appendix; 67.87% (150/221) followed by stomach; 18.10% (40/221). Among the appendix specimens, 82% (41/221) patients were suffering from acute appendicitis and the remaining had peri - appendicitis. Ami d the stomach specimens 65% (26/221) patients were diagnosed with (Mild) Chronic Superficial Gastritis, followed by 20% (8/221) patients with H - Pylori associated (Mild) Chronic Superficial Gastritis and the remaining were normal gastric antrum and chronic gastritis with partial villous atrophy. Conclusion: By using histopathological examination, the outcome of many diseases can be determined at an earlier stage thereby assisting in lowering the levels of morbidity and mortality among the population. In our research we were able to distinguish a variety of infections among different areas/ organs of the body.
Assessment of Incidence and Risk Factors of Dry Socket
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2022-03) Kumar, Sudhir; Goyal, Rohit; Arora, Sanjana; Kusum, Kumari
Background: Alveolar osteitis (AO) is one of the extractions wound healing disorder. Most authors agree that surgical trauma and difficulty of surgery play a significant role in the development of AO. Hence, under the light of above - mentioned data, the present study was undertaken for assessing the incidence and risk factors of dry socket. Methods: A total of 200 subjects scheduled to undergo dental extraction procedures under local anesthesia were included in the p resent study. Complete demographic and clinical details of all the patients were obtained. All the procedures were carried out under the hands of experienced surgeons. Follow - up was done and incidence of dry socket was recorded. Results: Overall, incidenc e of dry socket in the present study was 17.5 percent. Positive tobacco smoking/chewing habit, Oral contraceptives, Female gender, Existing tooth/gum infection, Past history of dry socket, Traumatic extraction and Mandibular molar extraction were the risk factors in 62.85 %, 34.28 %, 71.42 %, 14.28 %, 25.71 %, 42.85 % and 54.28 % of the patients. Conclusion: Dry socket is a commonly encountered phenomenon and can occur the under the hands of skilled and experienced oral surgeons also. Hence, early recogniti on is necessary.
A Prospective Study on Mycology of Eye Infection in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2022-03) Gupta, Arun Kumar; Richa; Singh, Ravinder Pal
Background: Objectives: Fungi are commonly found in the environment and most of them are either commensals or nonpathogenic. Eye infections are caused by bacteria, viruses and less commonly by fungi, therefore not given much attention by the practitioners and also by ophthalmolog ists. In the last one - decade incidence of fungal eye infections has increased due to increase in the number of patients with poor immunity. Common conditions which impair the immunity are prolonged use of steroids and antibacterial broad - spectrum antibioti cs, use of immunosuppressive drugs in cancer patients, in patients with organ transplant and some infections like AIDS. Candida, Fusarium and Aspergillus are the fungi frequently found to be associated with fungal eye infections. Trauma is the most signifi cant predisposing factor particularly when accompanied by contamination with vegetable matter. Methods: Samples such as corneal scrapings, Conjunctival swab, Vitreous & Aqueous aspirates were collected aseptically and sent to microbiology laboratory for KO H wet mount examination and fungal culture. KOH preparation was examined directly under microscope and culture were done on SDA, incubated at 25° c for three weeks. Results: Males were more commonly infected (66.5%) as compared to females (33.5%) The overall positivity in direct microscopy ( KOH preparation) was 32% while positivity in culture was 51%.The most frequently isolated fungus was Fusarium (16) followed by A. flavus ( 07), A. fumigatus (06), Candida sp.(06) and Curvalaria (03) Conclusion: If medical therapy fails to control the infection, surgery should be considered to save the eye visual function before the progression of disease.
Clinical Usefulness of Cancer Markers in Cancer
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2022-03) Arora, Deepak; Sandhu, Parvinder; Singh, Karuna; Arora, Pooja; Grover, Sarthak
Background: Objectives: Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells anywhere in a body these cells can infiltrate normal body tissues of body. The definitive diagnosis of cancer being histo - pathological examination of tissue. The measurement of tumor markers is currently one of the most rapidly growing areas in laboratory medicine and is helpful in differential diagnosis of tumor type in metastatic deposits and also during follow - up evaluations. Methods: Advanced Cancer Institute is a tertiary care cancer institute in Mal wa region of Punjab, old cases with proven history and in the advanced stage of disease, measurement of tumor markers in them is a very important tool for their evaluation of treatment outcome and in staging, emphasis of our study is to highlight and to encourage tumor marker assays for early diagnosis of cancer by checking baseline levels in healthy and in high risk population for screening for the presence of cancer. Results: The Study was carried out Department of Microbiology, Total of 300 Blood Samples were checked in Automated Immune Analyzer (Biomeriux) with different panels of Tumor markers (PSA,AFP,CEA19.9,CA - 125,CA15.3)Kits available in our Lab. of commonly diagnosed cancer. Conclusion: Focus has to be directed towards identification a nd proper use of suitable tumor markers which may prove to be an invaluable tool to early detect the deadly disease in mankind and not to use markers only as a prognostic indicator in proven cases.
Bilateral Nevus of Ota with Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis treated with 1064 nm picosecond laser: A Case Report
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2023-03) Mehta, Neha; Malgotra, Vikas; Raihan, Md; Choubey, Vikrant; Saha, Sohini
Nevus of Ota is an uncommon dermal melanosis in the Indian subcontinent and is rarely associated with capillary malformations, classified as type II phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV). It usually presents unilaterally as mottled, slate blue, or dark bro wn macules; bilateral presentation is only seen in a few cases. A 20 - year female presented to Dermatology OPD of a tertiary hospital with bilateral nevus of Ota involving the cheeks, temples, nose, forehead, and sclera of the eyes for one year. She also ha d a port wine stain on the right arm, forearm, back, bittock, and thigh since birth without any other systemic involvement. We treated nevus of Ota with six sessions of 1064 nm picosecond laser every month at 0.8 J/cm 2 with significant improvement in the appearance of the lesions and no adverse effects. This case highlights the importance of thoroughly examining pigmented lesions for additional cutaneous findings and the potential use of a 1064 nm picosecond laser to tr eat such lesions.
A Malignant Granular Cell Tumour with an Unusual Presentation: A Rare Case Report
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2022-09) Rajput, Kirti; Siddiqui, Bushra; Faridi, Shahbaz, Habib; Ahmed, Saqib; Shehwar, Durre
A granular cell tumour is a tumour of neural origin and is mostly benign and rarely malignant and commonly found in the skin, oral cavity or digestive tract. This report describes a case of a 23 - year - old female with a palpable painless mass on the back near the left axilla with progressive growth. While her laboratory tests and radiological were within normal limits histopathological examination revealed round to polygonal PAS positive atypical cells with large vesicular nuclei and coarsely granular cytoplasm along with foci of spindling an d necrosis which on IHC were S - 100 and CD68 positive and negative for cytokeratin, desmin, EMA. Thus, rendering a diagnosis of a malignant granular tumour of primary origin. This case highlights the importance of accurate histopathological examination to r ecognise and further categorization of Granular cell tumours along with clinical and radiological correlation .
Assessment of C Reactive Proteins Levels in Hypertensive Patients of Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Central India
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2023-03) Khare, Ruchi; Nigoskar, Shreya
Background: The present study was conducted for assessing C reactive proteins levels in hypertensive patients Materials & Methods: The study included 100 hypertension cases and 100 controls who met the inclusion requirements. Data were collected through interview and review of medical records. Newly diagnosed 100 treatment naive cases of Essential Hypertension attending medical OPD and admitted in medical wards was included in the study. Patients diagnosed as hypertensive by physician were enrolled in the study. For each case one control was selected. History of co - morbid illness, prolonged co - morbidity, and history of hypertension w as evaluated. All subjects had 5 mL of blood drawn into serum tubes after an overnight fast. After letting the blood clot for 15 minutes at 3000 RPM, the serum was centrifuged out. C - reactive protein levels in the blood were checked right away. CRP levels were evaluated using Immunoturbidimetry. The data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean CRP in Cases was more (5.38 ± 1.62) as compared to Controls (1.13 ± 0.48) found statistically significant. (By Un - paired T tes t; p>0.05). The above table shows association of type (NYHA) of hypertension and CRP among cases. The mean CRP in Stage II was more (6.13 ± 1.28) as compared to Stage I (5.19 ± 1.78) shows statistically significant. Conclusion: This study confirmed the fun ction of CRP and established its significance as a marker for early detection and prevention of myocardial infarction in hypertensive patients.
Bacterial and C linical P rofile of D iabetic F oot U lcer using O ptimal C ulture T echniques: A Prospective Hospital Based Study
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2022-12) Abidi, Syed Sibte Akbar; Gupta, Devesh
Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are the complications of diabetes mellitus. The infection of diabetic foot ulcer is microbes in nature. If they are not recognized and controlled it may lead to many devastating consequences like limb amputation, sepsis, and even mortality. So, the present study was aimed that to determine the bacterial and clinical profile of diabetic foot ulcer using optimal culture techniques. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on Type 2 Diabetic patients with foot ulcer. Around 206 total cases were enrolled on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The duration of study was over a period of two years. Results: The result of this study revealed that causative agent of DFU were found due to aerobic in n = 170 cases whereas anae robic bacteria in n = 36 cases. Conclusion: This study concludes that that proper care should be offered, causative organisms should be timely identified and antibiotic should be sensibly chosen to cut short the morbidity and mortality of DFU.
An U pdate on D ata D istribution and T echniques of D ata T ransformation
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2022-12) Najmi, Ahmad; Ray, Avik
The distribution in biostatistics can be defined as distribution of frequencies of values of a given variable in a sample. Distribution can be broadly classified into normal and skewed distribution. Normal distribution is a symmetrical bell shaped curve. ±1 standard deviation covers 65% of values around median value and ±2 S.D. covers 95% of values around median value. Mean, median & mode are equal for normal distribution curve. Parametric test like t test a nd ANOVA are based on the assumption that the data follows normal distribution. In skewed or asymmetrical distribution, there is clustering of cases in either right side or left side of the curve. In right sided skewness, the tail of curve is on the right side. In left skewed distribution, th e tail is on the left side. Non - parametric test can be used in case of skewed data. Parametric test are more robust as compare to non - parametric test. The alternative is to transform the numerical variable into another scale where the values do satisfy the assumptions needed for the desired parametric or “normal” statistical methods. These technique include logarithm transformation, generalized linear modelling, and bootstrapping.
Students’ Perspective of Online Medical Education in India during COVID - 19 Pandemic: The need for Rural - Urban Equity
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2022-03) Goyal, Rajeev; Singhai, Monil; Mahmood, Tariq
Background: Sudden shifting of medical education to online mode during COVID presented several challenges for teachers and students. It was complicated by differences in resources between rural and urban India. We assessed perception of medical students for online education and difference in these between students of rural and urban areas . Materials and Methods: A cross - sectional pan India online survey was conducted amongst undergraduate medical students. Responses were collected for one week during May 2021. Results: 1125 students from 52 medical colleges responded. 85% of students already had device for online classes. Non - urban students were more affected by network interruptions. 85% students complained of eye p roblems while 71% complained of postural issues. 77% of students did not have practical training, with problem increasing in higher professional years. Interaction with teachers and classmates was another area of concern highlighted by most of the students . Conclusions: Internet connectivity, health issues and practical training are major concerns of medical students for online education. We need to ensure that non - urban residents are not at a disadvantage due to lack of infrastructure in non - urban areas. M edical institutions also need to innovate for two - way interaction between students and teachers
Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumour – A Rare Cause of Uncontrollable Post - Operative Hemorrhage in Obstetric Cases
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2022-12) Siddiqui, Bushra; Sinha, Dipanjan; Faridi, Shahbaz Habib; Alam, Mohd. Feroz
Placental site trophoblastic tumour (PSTT) is a rare variant of gestational trophoblastic disease developing from intermediate trophoblasts. PSTTs are incredibly rare tumours with 1 in 100000 pregnancies and only about 200 cases reported till date with mortality reaching up to 25% in undiagnosed c ases. We present the case of a 37year old female, gravida 4 para 3, presenting with uncontrollable post caesarean haemorrhage for which she underwent subtotal hysterectomy. Histopathological examination revealed Placental site trophoblastic tumour. Placent al site trophoblastic tumour, being a rare entity, pose difficulties in its early diagnosis. Delayed diagnosis can lead to distant metastases, thus worsening the prognosis.
Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumour – A Rare Cause of Uncontrollable Post - Operative Hemorrhage in Obstetric Cases
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2022-09) Siddiqui, Bushra; Sinha, Dipanjan; Faridi, Shahbaz Habib; Alam, Mohd. Feroz
Placental site trophoblastic tumour (PSTT) is a rare variant of gestational trophoblastic disease developing from intermediate trophoblasts. PSTTs are incredibly rare tumours with 1 in 100000 pregnancies and only about 200 cases reported till date with mortality reaching up to 25% in undiagnosed c ases. We present the case of a 37year old female, gravida 4 para 3, presenting with uncontrollable post caesarean haemorrhage for which she underwent subtotal hysterectomy. Histopathological examination revealed Placental site trophoblastic tumour. Placent al site trophoblastic tumour, being a rare entity, pose difficulties in its early diagnosis. Delayed diagnosis can lead to distant metastases, thus worsening the prognosis.
Knowledge and Attitude of Adult Saudi Community towards Premarital Screening Program (Sickle Cell Anemia/Thalassemia) in Riyadh Province of Saudi Arabia
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2022-12) Khan, Shujaat; Rashikh, Mohammad Azhar; Alsaab, Saad Mohammed; Alotaibi, Nemer Abdulaziz; Aldehaim, Fahad Mohammed; Dimri, Dinesh; Bhaskaran, Prasanna Mohana
Background: Premarital Screening (PMS) program in Saudi Arabia aims at limiting the spread of hereditary diseases like Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) and Thalassemia and infectious diseases like Hepatitis B&C and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although the PMS program is reducing the percentage of incompatible marriages, the prevalence of hemoglobinopathies is still remaining high. With the changing perception of the general population towards the PMS program, an examination of community awareness and attitude toward PM S is needed to find ways for reducing the prevalence of diseases. Objective : T o assess the present knowledge and attitude of the adult Saudi community from Riyadh Province to the premarital screening (PMS) program for hemoglobinopathies. Methods: This cros s - sectional study was conducted on 676 participants from the general population in June - September 2022. The electronic questionnaire was used to assess the sociodemographic data, knowledge, and attitude toward the PMS program. Results: Out of the 676 participants, 58% were females, and 42% were males. 54% had consanguineous marriages and 5.6% hemoglobinopathies in the family. 96.3% agreed on suggesting PMS to others, 83.2% considered PMS incompatible marriage is wrong, and 78.6% considered associated g enetic counselling is important. 22.7% preferred consanguineous marriage over non - consanguineous. For raising awareness, 97.6%, 85.9%, 84.6%, and 81.2% of respondents felt the need for community participation through the internet, social media, and medical education in schools respectively. Conclusion: Most participants have a positive attitude but only superficial knowledge of the PMS program and one - third are still unaware of its use for the prevention of hemoglobinopathies, especially thalassemia. Increa sing the knowledge about the importance of the PMS program and associated genetic counselling should be done with multiple information sources in a well - organized way that suits the community’s requirements.
A Cross Sectional Study to Assess the Levels of Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease in a Tertiary Care Hospital
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2022-12) Choudhary, Pradeep Kumar; Singh, B.N
Background: Objective: In the present study, demographic profile, knowledge and motivation of COPD patients attending tertiary hospital, the level of anxiety and depression is assessed. Methods: This cross - sectional study was carried out on consecutive patients with COPD during their routine out - and in - patient visits in the tertiary care hospital during 4 months (April 2019 to July 2019). Physician confirmed cases of more than 1 - year duration were included in the study. Thus 194 COPD patients were admitted in the ward. They were interviewed by using HADS scale and Modified Morisky scale. The diagnosis of COPD was confirmed by Chest X - ray and Spirometery tes t and a history of exacerbation or hospitalization over past 6 months was also obtained. The chi square - test, t - test and one - way analysis of variance were used in the univariate analyses, whilst regression was used in the multiple variable analyses. Result s: A total of 194 COPD individuals, 124 Males and 70 Females were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the respondents was 49.16 ± 8.20 (25 - 62) years. The mean scores for anxiety and depression were 19.12± 2.38 and 11.54± 2.50 respecti vely. Both anxiety and depression scores were statistically significant between the gender. Among males 70 % cases were having no comorbid conditions; however, 57.10 % females were having more than two comorbid conditions. Conclusion: Pres ent study illustrates that anxiety and depression are common in patients with COPD, furthermore, patients with depressive disorders have more comorbidities in comparison with patient with anxi

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