International Archives of BioMedical and Clinical Research

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Abnormal Papanicolaou Test: Results and Risk Factors Among Women of Uttarakhand
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2017-10) Lal, Manju; Sharma, Rupali; Goyal, Priyanka; Shamim, Saba
Background: Cervical cancer is a significant health issue worldwide. About 493 million new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed each year. About 274 thousand women die from this disease annually and 83% of these cases are in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of abnormal cervical cytology among women attending Gynaecology OPD and to assess the presence of associated risk factors. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire involving women attending Gynaecology OPD of HIMS, Dehradun from January to December 2016. All pap smears cytological examination was conducted using Bethesda system of classification. Results: 248 (11.6%) women had abnormal cytological findings with a mean age of 36.84 years. Duration of marriage was found be significantly longer among those with abnormal Pap smear (18.34 years verses 15.72 years (p<0.05). Conclusions: Early marriage, increasing parity and longer duration of marriage are strongly associated with abnormal Pap smear results.
Abuse of Topical Corticosteroids and its Consequences: A Prospective Study
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2018-01) Kakroo, Shafia Nissar; Beg, Mirza Aumir
Background: Misuse of topical corticosteroids is a widespread among young people in India, especially women. The inadvertent use of topical corticosteroids for various common dermatological conditions is associated with significant adverse effects Aim: To assess the steroid abuse for various common dermatological conditions and its adverse effects. Materials & Methods: Sixty patients who attended OPD dermatology were taken in to study. A detailed clinical history with regard to age, gender, education status, duration and frequency of use of topical steroids, type and formulation of the drug (lotion, cream, ointment), cause for using the drug and the source of the drug (by dermatologist, doctor- physician/Ayurvedic/homeopathic, over the counter (OTC) were taken. Results: Majority of patients were between the age group of 15-30 years and females were in predominance. The common indications were facial pigmentation, dermatophytosis and acne. The source of drug were mostly from pharmacist, friends and family members. Most commonly used steroid were betamethasone valerate, clobetasol propionate and mometasone furoate. The common side effects observed were acneiform eruptions, tinea incognito, and erythema with telangiectasia, cutaneous atrophy and striae. Conclusion: Topical steroids should be used cautiously and judiciously. Awareness should be given regarding the indications and its consequences. Avoidance of self-medication by over the counter purchase should be stressed upon. While treating children extreme care should be given regarding the selection of potency of topical steroids.
Acne Vulgaris and its Effect on Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2018-01) Khan, Shafia N.; Hussain, Seeba; Beg, Mirza Aumir; Raihan, Md
Background: Acne vulgaris affects about 85% of adolescents, often extending into adulthood. Though considered to be merely a cosmetic problem, it is associated with considerable psychological impairment, such patients are prone to low self-esteem, low self-confidence and social dysfunction which may lead to anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsiveness and sometimes suicidal ideation. AIM: This study was aimed to assess the impact of acne and its sequelae on the quality of life. Methods: The current cross sectional study was conducted in Patients diagnosed as acne vulgaris attending OPD of HIMSR in department of dermatology for a period of 6 months. Patients aged 15 years and above were included in our study. A detailed history was taken after obtaining consent from all the participants of study. Dermatology life quality index (DLQI) was administered on patients to determine the impact of acne vulgaris on their quality of life (QOL). Results: This study included 200 patients with females being more in number 130 (65%) as compared to male patients which were 70 in number (35%). The mean age was 20.49 with majority of patients being in 15-20 years of age group. Mean DLQI score was 8.22, statistically influenced by the age of the patient, duration and grade of acne, acne scar, and post acne hyperpigmentation. Conclusions: This study showed significant impairment of quality of life in acne patients. Counseling along with early treatment of acne vulgaris both are important as to reduce disease-related psychosocial sequelae and enhancing the efficacy of treatment.
Adenosine and Magnesium Sulphate Vs Bupivacaine in Infraclavicular Infusion for Upper Limb Surgeries and Post-Operative Analgesia: A Prospective Study
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2017-07) Gurbani, Ravi
Background: Brachial plexus piece has reformed the field of regional anesthesia for upper limb surgeries. Infraclavicular subcoracoid approach gives complete block without significant difficulties. Aim: To compare the additives adenosine and magnesium sulphate with bupivacaine in infraclavicular infusion for upper limb surgeries and postoperative analgesia. Methods: This Prospective study was done at the Department of Anaesthesiology, Pacific Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan. Around 30 patients scheduled for elective unilateral upper limb surgeries involving distal arm/ elbow/ forearm/hand divided into two groups A (n-15) and B (n-15) randomly. Group A - adenosine 6mgs with 28 ml 0.5% bupivacaine bolus followed by infusion of 0.25% bupivacaine 28ml with 6mgs of adenosine (2ml) at a rate of 5ml/hr. Group B - magnesium sulphate 75 mgs (in 2ml) with 28ml of 0.5% bupivacaine bolus followed by infusion of 0.25% bupivacaine 28ml with 75mgs of magnesium sulphate (in 2ml) at a rate of 5ml/hr in USG guided placement of infraclavicular catheter. Results: Result s showed that Group A had a faster Onset time of sensory and motor block and faster recovery when compared to group B. Group A needed more rescue analgesia than group B. Though Group B had a higher incidence of sedation and vomiting than group A, it was not significant. Conclusions: The addition of magnesium sulphate as an additive to bupivacaine in brachial plexus block may be a better choice when prolonged postoperative analgesia is required.
An Adolescent Female Presenting with Classical Clinical and Immunological Features of Isoniazid Induced Lupus
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2019-01) Kumar, Himanshu; Passi, Shanta; Uikey, Deepika
Drug induced Lupus Erythematosus (DILE) is a form of rare adverse drug reaction caused due to many drugs, including Isoniazid. Diagnosis is made on the basis of a temporal relationship between the drug administered and the onset of symptoms and on the basis of the antibody profile. We describe the case of a 13 year old female who was diagnosed as having abdominal tuberculosis and was put on ATT and later presented with signs and symptoms of Lupus Erythematosus, with a history of photosensitivity, oral ulcers, and malar rash. Keywords: Isoniazid, Tuberculosis, Drug Induced Lupus
Alopecia Areata - A literature Review
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2017-01) S, Mushtaq; Raihan, Md; Lone, Azad; M, Mushtaq
Alopecia areata (AA) is a disease marked by extreme variability in hair loss, not only at the time of initial onset of hair loss but in the duration, extent and pattern of hair loss during any given episode. This variable and unpredictable nature of spontaneous re-growth and lack of a uniform response to various therapies has made clinical trials in alopecia areata difficult to plan and implement. It is a type of alopecia that affects males and females equally. It occurs in both children and adults. The peak age of occurrence is 20 to 50 years .The most common clinical presentation is asymptomatic shedding of telogen hairs followed by patchy non scarring hair loss in association with nail pitting, Beau’s line and nail dystrophy. The disease may progress from this limited presentation to total loss of all scalp hairs (Alopecia totalis) or all body hair (alopecia universalis) with significant onychodystrophy. Mostly it is characterised by reversible hair loss involving the scalp although others areas of head including eyelashes, eyebrows and beard may also be affected. Although, it is a mostly cosmetic problem but it often has devastating effects on quality of life and self-esteem. The paper aims at providing an overview of Alopecia areata.
Amblyopia and Arc with Central and Eccentric Fixation Before and After Surgery
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2017-10) Ali, Kaiser; Agrawal, Dhawal; Vyas, Malhar; Ali, Azra
Background: Adaptation may be defined as a process of advantageous variation and progressive modification whereby an organism becomes adjusted to the conditions of life in harmony with environment. A sensory adaptation to an ocular deviation is the process in which a patient adapts to an interruption in normal binocular vision. Methods: Cases of EXO and ESO deviation in various age groups and different sexes having central and eccentric fixation were taken. Out of 53 case, 28 were of ESO. Results: Of all the strabismic cases maximum number of cases reported in age group of 11-20 with male preponderance. Conclusions: Because of high sensitivity and very high specificity cuppers test would be the test of choice to find arc in patients with amblyopia.
Amygdala pharmacology and crime behavior, dysfunctions to be considered as a disease?
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2016-04) Luisetto, M.; Khan, Farhan Ahmad; Cabianca, Luca; Mokbul, Mobin Ibne; Rafa, Ahmed Yesvi; Ahmadabadi, Behzad Nili
We don’t have today drugs specifically registered for amygdala dysfunctions as preventable agents towards some kind of crime behavior. This Neuro psychiatric condition or organ state are to be considered and treated in preventive way as common disease. There is an amygdala physio-pathological Level of activation. Still we are not sure to call this dysfunctions status as disease and drugs are needed or efficacy to control it. A neuro-pharmacology research of amygdala can give the response also using imaging Techniques. Studies demonstrated that Amygdala activation is involved in aggressive behavior. The aim of this work is to investigate in this relationship and to find if there is a level of activation.
The Anaesthetic Potency of Intrathecally Administered Levobupivacaine and Racemic Bupivacaine: A Hospital-Based Study
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2018-04) Upadhyay, Manoj Kumar; Agarwal, Anurag; Dhama, Vipin; Das, P K; Malviya, Deepak
Background: Lower limb surgeries are often performed under spinal anesthesia. The conventional anesthetic method for lower limb surgeries is caudal epidural block. The currently available local anesthetic for this purpose is Bupivacaine which has long duration of action of around 6-12 hour. Methods: 60 adult cases ranging in age from 20 to 60 years with ASA Grade I and II requiring elective lower limb surgery under epidural anesthesia were selected for this prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Results: 60 adult cases ranging in age from 20 to 60 years with ASA Grade I and II, requiring elective gynecological surgery under epidural anesthesia were selected for this study. Cases were randomly allocated into two groups containing 20 cases each. Cases in Group B received Bupivacaine 0.25% and those in Group T received Tramadol 100mg. Conclusion: Current study concluded that both intrathecally administered levobupivacaine and racemic bupivacaine are safe and effective local anaesthetics for lower limb surgeries. Overall parameters observed in this study showed no significant difference between the two forms of the same drug. However, intrathecal levobupivacaine produces less toxicity.
Analysis of Functional Outcome of Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction using Quadrupled Semitendinosus and Gracilis Autograft - A Two Year Prospective study
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2018-01) Bhaskar, S K; Gupta, Abhishek; Bagaria, Pradeep
Background: The knee joint is frequently involved in sports injuries, road traffic accidents and during daily living activities. Anterior cruciate ligament is a very commonly involved ligament in these injuries. More and more cases of ACL tear are being diagnosed nowadays due to the increasing awareness among orthopaedic surgeon about importance of knee ligament injuries and also increasing availability of MRI as diagnostic tool. Materials & Methods: The prospective study is conducted in Department of Orthopaedics, J.LN. Medical College and Attached Group of Hospitals, Ajmer from November 2014 to November 2016. All young and middle-aged patients presenting with unilateral knee complaints and history of trauma to the knee were evaluated by a thorough general and local clinical examination of the knee. In a relaxed patient and in supine position, the uninjured knee is examined first to establish reference values after which the affected knee is examined. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 15-45 years with the mean age of 27.51 years. 37.1% of the patients in our study were in the age group of 20-25 years. The total of 20 cases (57.1%) of the right knees were involved and 15 cases (42.9%) of the left knee were involved in the study. The ratio of right knee to left knee involved in ACL injury was 1.33:1. After clinical, radiological and Arthroscopic examination we found that 51.4% (18 cases) patients had no associated injuries. Whereas rest 49.6% cases have associated meniscal injury (MM and LM or both). Conclusion: ACL reconstruction using single stranded quadrupled semitendinosus and gracilis tendon autograft provide an intrinsically stable knee with full range of motion without any pain and with restoration of power.
Analysis of Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Changes in Cases of Phacomorphic Angle Closure Post Phacoemulsification
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2017-10) Sahai, Anshu; Farooq, Shaheen; Shamshad, Mohammad Abid; Sharma, Meenakshi; Kumar, P Ratan
Introduction: To investigate the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) changes after an acute attack of phacomorphic angle closure. Methods: This prospective study involved 25 cases of phacomorphic angle closure that underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens insertion after intraocular pressure lowering. Apart from visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP), RNFL thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 3–6 months post attack. Result: All cases had mean phacomorphic duration of <10 days. Postoperatively, best correct Snellen visual acuity was 0.42±0.23 and IOP at 6 months was 13.92 ± 2.41 mmHg. There was no difference RNFL between the attack and contralateral eye at 3 months post attack (both p = 0.102). At 6 months post attack, there was significant thinning in the average (p <0.001), superior (p =<0.001), and inferior (p = 0.001) RNFL. Patients with <5 days duration of phacomorphic angle closure are likely to have reasonable postoperative vision. Conclusion: An acute episode of phacomorphic angle closure can trigger an accelerated RNFL thinning despite normal IOP and open angles, most noticeable in the superior and inferior quadrants, occurring between 3 and 6 months post attack. There is a need of long term follow up of such patients.
An Analytical Study on Visual Handicap in Patients Attending Ophthalmology OPD: A Hospital Based Study in Mathura
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2019-04) Taneja, Mukesh Kumar; Jindal, Sonpal
Background: India requires 40,000 optometrists, it has only 8,000. Besides this, we needs 2.5 lakh donated eyes every year, the country’s 109 eye banks manage to collect a maximum of just 25,000 eyes, out of which 30% can’t be used. It is reported that India has 12,000 ophthalmologists who have no time to conduct blindness-preventing surgeries as they are flooded with general eye check-up of patients. Methods: This study conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology in the K M Medical College & Hospital, Mathura. The duration of study was over a period of one year Result: In this study we revealed that the visually disabled retinitis pigmentosa accounted for (16%), congenital anomalies which included microcornea, microphthalmos, anophthalmos, and coloboma of eye (15.3%), refractive errors (11.6%),age related macular degeneration(10%), corneal opacity(9.6%), uveitis(8.6%), glaucoma(6.6%), optic atrophy(6%), lens(congenital cataract and complicated cataract) (5.3%), diabetic retinopathy(5%). Conclusion: This study was revealed that there is no proper treatment available for the most common causes of blindness, only preventive measures can be undertaken.
Antibacterial Activity of Nigella Sativa Linn. Seeds Against Multiple Antibiotics Resistant Clinical Strains of Staphylococcus aureus
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2016-07) Salman, Mohammad Tariq; Khan, Rahat Ali; Shukla, Indu
Objective: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major resistant pathogens extremely adaptable to antibiotic pressure. Nigella sativa (black cumin) seed extracts and essential oil have been shown to possess antimicrobial activity against several bacteria but little work has been done on their effect against multidrug resistant S. aureus strains isolated from patients. So, we studied antibacterial activity of Nigella sativa against multidrug resistant clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus. It was an experimental, in vitro study. Materials and methods: Nigella sativa (black cumin) seed essential oil and extracts were tested in varying dilutions against 40 clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus which were isolated from patients attending a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India using disc agar diffusion technique on inoculated Muellar Hinton agar plates under standard laboratory conditions. The tested strains were resistant to 4 or more clinically used antibiotics belonging to at least 3 different classes. Results: The Methanolic extract and oil of Nigella sativa were found active against 38 and 35 multi-drug resistant strains respectively. Both the oil and Methanolic extract showed remarkable dose dependant antibacterial activity against the tested strains up to a dilution of 1:50 as evident from the zones of inhibition. Conclusion: Nigella sativa possesses antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus
Antimicrobial Activities of Daucus Carota Seeds on Selected Pathogenic Micro-organisms
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2017-04) Anibijuwon, I. I.; Omojasola, P. F.; Gbala, I. D.; Abioye, J. A.
Background: The antibacterial/antifungal toxicity of Daucus carota (carrot) seeds was evaluated using selected multi-drug resistant bacteria and yeast of clinical origin. Methods: The active constituents of the Daucus carota seeds were extracted using conventional Plant Tissue Homogenization method using cold distilled water, Ethanol and Methanol as solvents. Varying concentrations (5-250 mg/ml) of the three extracts were assayed for antimicrobial activity against the selected isolates- Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebseilla pneumoniae and Candida albicans; the agar well diffusion method was used. The antibiogram profile of the organisms was also obtained through disc diffusion method. Results: Similar activity was observed in the methanolic and ethanolic extracts while cold distilled water showed no activity on any of the isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility results showed that the isolates used are highly multi-drug resistant. Ofloxacin exhibited the most pronounced activity against all the isolates. Gentamicin and erythromycin both showed activity on Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Lower concentrations of both extracts presented no inhibitory effects on the test organisms, thus resulting in high MIC values recorded for both extracts. Also, the extracts showed no bactericidal action against the isolates. Conclusions: Observations from this research therefore affirm that Daucus carota seeds possess antimicrobial properties that may be explored as a source of future antimicrobial compounds.
Antimicrobial Effect of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Plasma on Streptococcus Mutans -The Key Cariogenic Microorganism in Plaque Biofilm
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2018-04) Beg, Mirza A umir; Raihan, Md; Bansode, Avinash Santram; Kakroo, Shafia Nisar
Background: To evaluate the antimicrobial effect of non-thermal atmospheric plasma on mutans biofilms. Materials: A 100 µl culture of Streptococcus mutans poured into two 120 well flat base microtiter plates, allowed to adhere and incubated overnight using brain heart infusion (BHI). These 120 wells were grouped into four groups, group A-helium treated, group B-plasma treated, group C- chlorohexidine treated and group D-control group (untreated group) with a group size of 30 wells per group. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) essay & Colony Forming Units (CFU) counting was done to check the viability & survival of streptococcus mutans biofilms. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the mean optical density (OD) among the four groups (p<0.001). Post-hoc analysis revealed that untreated samples and Helium had significantly higher mean OD than plasma and chlorhexidine groups. A similar result was also seen using the survival essay by CFU counting. Conclusion: Plasma utilizes the air from the atmosphere, thus rendering plasma a better reach in the oral cavity. This property of plasma can be efficiently used to neutralize Streptococcus mutans biofilms in the oral cavity.
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Endotracheal Aspirate of Ventilated Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2019-04) Jani, Manoj V; Gupta, N K; Golia, Saroj; Sharma, Megha
Background: Respiratory infections among critically ill Patient are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Mechanically ventilated patients are at a high risk of acquiring respiratory infections due to complex interplay between the endotracheal tube, host immunity and virulence of invading bacteria. Irrational use of antibiotics increases the emergence of drug – resistant bacteria. Objectives: The aim of study was to investigate the bacterial isolates in the endotracheal aspirates of mechanically ventilated patients in ICU and see the antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial isolates. Methods: Analysis of E.T aspirates of 459 patients over a period of 1 year (Aug 14 to Aug 15) was done. Aspirates were cultured on Blood and MacConkey agar isolation and identification was done using conventional techniques and biochemical reactions. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Out of 459 Samples 365 was found to be positive. Acinetobacter sp (44.65%) was the most common isolate followed by Klebsiella sp (18.63%), Pseudomonas sp (11.23%), Candida (10.46%), Escherichia Coli (7.94%), COPS (3.28%), CONS (2.46%), Enterococci (0.82%), and Citrobacter (0.54%). The gram-negative bacilli were mostly sensitive to Tigecycline, Colistin, Imipenem, Meropenem, Amikacin and Piperacillin/Tazobactam. Gram positive Cocci were mostly sensitive to Vancomycin, Linezolid and Gentamicin. Conclusion: The isolation and antimicrobial resistance pattern of the microorganisms is necessary for their effective management. Endotracheal intubation is one of the major risk factors in causing iatrogenic infections to patients. A local antibiogram for each hospital, based on bacteriological patterns and susceptibility is essential to initiate empirical therapy.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Pseudomonas in Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Surgery IPD
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2018-07) Tarique, Md
Background: - Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are mostly poly-microbial in nature and the organisms isolated are frequently mixed organisms though the spectrum of organisms depends on other factors such as microbial flora of the lower limb, metabolic factors, foot hygiene and the use of antibiotics. Methodology: - Sixty four each of with diabetic foot ulcer were included in this study. This study was conducted in Dept. of Surgery, Madhubani Medical College, Bihar. Duration of the study were six month. Sample was collected in transport swab under the aseptic condition and send to the microbiology laboratory. Sample was included in this study from soft tissue infection of foot. Result:- Total 54 aerobic organisms were isolated from culture positive specimens. Among these organisms, 43 were gram negative while 20 were gram positive. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30%) was found to be the main organism. Conclusion: - This study concludes that clinicians the appropriate antibiotic or combination of antibiotics for the treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer.
Assessment and Comparison of Microbiological Efficacy of Moxifloxacin plus Vancomycin Combined Therapy with Fortified Vancomycin in Bacterial Conjunctivitis
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2018-07) Abdullah, Ahmad; Askari, S N; Ahmad, Shamim; Alvi, Yasir
Background: Bacterial Conjunctivitis or red eye being highly communicable need to be tackle at the earliest. Newer antibiotics may kill bacteria more rapidly. Thus, we aim to assess and compare microbiological efficacy of Moxifloxacin (0.5%) plus Vancomycin (2.5%) combined therapy to Fortified Vancomycin (5%) in relation to organism isolated in positive culture of bacterial conjunctivitis. Methods: The present study was conducted on patients who presented at Ophthalmology OPD, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Hospital, Aligarh and Gandhi Eye Hospital, Aligarh. The patients with bilateral conjunctivitis were included in the study. Right eyes were instilled moxifloxacin plus vancomycin combination therapy and Left eyes were instilled fortified vancomycin. Microbiological outcomes were recorded on first visit and on follow up visits during course of treatment. Results: A total of 35 patients were included in the study. At first visit, 14 cases were positive with coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) being the most common organisms. All the positive smears became negative in first follow-up (3rd day) in both the groups. No significant difference was found in microbiological study outcome between the two-study groups. Conclusions: We conclude that both the drugs, i.e. moxifloxacin (0.5%) plus vancomycin (2.5%) combined therapy and fortified vancomycin (5%) had good efficiency in microbial elimination in cases of bacterial conjunctivitis with equivalent outcome and can be considered as an alternative to other antimicrobial therapy in bacterial conjunctivitis.
Assessment for Nutritional Status Among Pre - School Children in South Delhi, India
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2022-06) Ahmad, Anis; Muzammil, Sazina; Mohan, Krishna; Khayyam, Khalid Umer
Background: Weight is an important metric to measure protein energy status, and women from underdeveloped or developed nations who are heavier at pre - pregnancy deliver heavier babies. Methods: This study was conducted in JJ Colony, Madanpur Khadar Extension of South Delhi and included 50 children each in two groups (between 24 - 35 months and 36 - 47 months of age), with equal number of both genders. Anthropometric measurements of weight and height were measured. Results: Underweight in age 24 - 47 months: 51 (51%), 36 (36% ), 11 (11%) and 2 (2%) children were found to be in the ranges of normal weight, Grade - I, Grade - II, and severely underweight, respectively by Indian Academy of Paediatrics or IAP classification. By Gomez classification, the same were estimated to be 28 (28 %), 45 (45%), 25 (25%), and 2 (2%). Stunting and wasting in age 24 - 47 months: 52 (52%), 11 (11%), 16 (16%), and 21 (21%) children were found to be normal, in Grade - I, Grade - II and in Grade - III stunting respectively in height for age, while 82 (82%), 13 (13 %), 4 (4%), and 1 (1%) children were found to be normal, in Grade - I, Grade - II and Grade - III wasting in weight for height respectively; using the Waterlow classification. Conclusion: The most extensively used markers of nutritional quality in a population are anthropometric measures. In a total of 100 children, three types of assessments based on weight and height were done - weight for age to rule out underweight, height for age to rule out stunting and weight for height to rule out wasting.
Assessment of Antidiabetic Potential of Polyherbal Formulations
(Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2016-07) Alimoddin, Md; Ali, Wazid; Shafiuddin, Mohammed; Aslam, Mohammad; Kumar, Manish
Introduction: Diabetes provides a major challenge to the present population globally. It is a major threat to global public health that is rapidly reaching epidemic scale. Plant based drugs are gaining importance to treat majority of human aliments including diabetes mellitus due to their less toxic effects. Aims: The present study was designed to assess the antidiabetic potential of polyherbal formulations in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) in male Wistar rats. Rats with fasting blood glucose levels ≥ 250 mg/dl after seven days of STZ administration were randomized into different groups and were treated with Formulation-1 (F1) and Formulation-2 (F2) in graded doses for 21 days. At the end of the study, blood glucose, lipid profiles were estimated. In addition, enzymatic and non-enzymatic liver antioxidant levels were also estimated. To elucidate the mode of action, we evaluated its effects on oral glucose tolerance test in normal rats and single-dose one day-study and multiple-dose twenty one day- study in diabetic rats. Results: The effect on the insulin level with the treatment by formulations suggests that the mode of action is a similar to that of Glibenclamide. Oral administration of F1 and F2 for 21 days significantly reduced blood glucose level in STZ induced diabetic rats. Both the formulations exhibited antihyperglycemic effect in glucose loaded rats and STZ induced rats. The blood glucose was significantly increased. Supplementation with F1 and F2 both with (250 and 500 mg/kg) showed reduction in the blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance, suggesting that there was an improvement in STZ-induced deleterious effects. Conclusion: This study reveals that F1 and F2 improved STZ-induced hyperglycemia, this effect may be mediated by interacting with multiple targets operating in diabetes mellitus.

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