Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย

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Antimutagenicity against Urethane of Mangosteen, Durian Products and Their Combinations in Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2010-03-18) P. Jitwiriyatham; Kaew Kangsadalampai
Lyophilized durian meat, lyophilized mangosteen meat, durian chip, durian paste and the combinations (1:1, 1:2 and 2:1) of each durian product and mangosteen were determined for their effect on urethane induced somatic mutation and recombination in Drosophila melanogaster. The three-day old trans-heterozygous (mwh flr+/mwh TM3) larvae were transferred to an experimental medium (substituted each sample for 25, 50, 75 or 100% of corn flour) that had urethane (20 mM). We analyzed for the occurrence of mutant spots of the wings from the surviving flies and found that most samples enhanced the mutagenicity of urethane with different degree. The enhancement of urethane mutagenicity might involve in the phenomenon that the chemical compounds in the samples induced the activity of mixed function oxidases and saturation of enzymatic systems involved in the DNA repair pathways since the amount of each sample incorporated into the fly medium seemed to be very high. The results as such indicated that high consumption of durian and mangosteen should be with caution since it might enhance the mutagenicity of the compounds contaminated in our daily food. However, we surprisingly found that the combination of durian paste and mangosteen (2:1) had the highest antioxidant activity (determined with DPPH scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays) as well as the content of phenolic compounds (determined with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent) while durian chip contained the least antioxidant and phenolic compounds.
การใช้เทคนิคพีซีอาร์-อาร์เอฟแอลพีเพื่อการประเมินการเกิดอะฟลาทอกซิน ในข้าวโพดไทยที่ใช้เป็นวัตถุดิบทางปศุสัตว์
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2010-03-18) อนงค์ บิณฑวิหค; ศุภวิน วัชรมูล; วิสุทธิ์ นวลชื่น; สุพิชญา ตรีบุญเมือง; กิติยา ศรีศักดิ์วัฒนะ; กรณิศ พัฒนชัย; สังวร อยู่สว่าง
Abstract in Thai
Electronic waste and hazardous substances
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2011-01-24) Suleeporn Sangrajang
E-waste is defined as computer central processing units, monitors, televisions, cell phones andother digital devices. The rapidly increasing number of e-waste has the potential to create seriousconsequences for human health and environmental quality because hazardous chemicals are used incomponents of electrical and electronic devices that can release into the soil, water supplies, andevaporate into the air when these electronic wastes are placed into landfills or incinerators. Toxic heavymetals most commonly found in e-wastes include lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, beryllium,antimony and other toxins such as brominated flame retardants, polyvinyl chloride, polychlorinatedbiphenyls, triphenyl phosphate, nonylphenol, and polychlorinated naphthalene. Moreover, dioxins andfurans are released when electronics containing chlorinated plastics or plastic treated with brominatedflame retardants are incinerated. The European Union (EU) has introduced legislation making producersresponsible for their end of life products and banned the use of certain hazardous substances in electricaland electronic products. However these products are being purchased at a rapidly increasing rate. Ewastenow should be the first priority public health issue worldwide.
Surveillance of Occupational Diseases Related to Benzene Exposure: A Case Study of Petrol Stations in Muang Nakhon Ratchasima Province
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2010-03-18) Sasithorn Sukreeta; Warrasak Inchai; Pattanasak Permpoom
Volatile organic solvents, particularly benzene, are considered as carcinogen-induced genotoxicity. Exposure to high levels of benzene can therefore cause life-threatening cancers including acute myelogenous leukaemia. In a human body, benzene is enzymatically converted to many metabolites such as S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA). Accordingly, determination of S-PMA could be used as a good indicator to represent the benzene exposure levels from environment. This study aims to determine the levels of benzene exposure according to the S-PMA levels in urine by comparing the S-PMA concentrations of workers from the petrol stations in Amphor Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima Province to those of people who are not occupationally exposed to benzene. The concentrations of S-PMA detected by using LC/MS-MS of the overall 159 people between the ages of 10-59 were investigated. Collected samples were taken from the 101 exposed people (59 men and 42 women) and 58 control people (22 men and 36 women). In addition, information on gender, age, working period, job responsible, working behavior, and location of the petrol station which could possibly influence to the detectable S-PMA concentrations in urine samples were obtained by interviewing with the use of questionnaire. Results showed that the average concentration of S-PMA in petrol workers is 1.06±3.46 mg/g creatinine, whereas the concentration of creatinine ranges from 0.00-29.24 mg/g. While those of the control group showed no trace of S-PMA. However, the ACGIH acceptable value for occupationally exposed workers to benzene is 25 mg/g creatinine. The averages concentration of S-PMA between the exposed and control groups were statistically significant different (p=0.02). Furthermore, we found that the S-PMA levels were also influenced by individual behaviors of petrol service workers. Our present study preliminarily suggested that petrol service workers were at the most risk of high levels of benzene exposure which could eventually become a potential threats to their health problems. Therefore, efforts should be made to prevent their future long-term health impacts through instituting an emergency response and preparedness system.
Effects of Curcumin on Cadmium-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2010-03-18) Naovarat Tarasub; K. Narula; W. Devakul Na Ayutthaya
Cadmium (Cd), an environmental contaminant, undergoes redox cycling with generation of free radicals inside the biological system. Curcumin, the yellow bioactive component of turmeric has established its antioxidant activities. The present study evaluates possible ameliorating effects of curcumin on Cd acetate induced hepatotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats. The animals were treated once daily by oral gavage for five days and divided into four groups: control, Cd acetate 200 mg/kg BW, curcumin 250 mg/kg BW and pretreatment with curcumin 250 mg/kg BW for one hour before administration with Cd acetate 200 mg/kg BW. After 24 h of the last treatment, the animals were killed to determine the activities of hepatic marker enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver homogenate and histological changes of liver tissues by light microscope. The results showed that Cd treatment caused a significant increase of serum AST (p \< 0.001) and ALT (p \< 0.05), the increased hepatic level of MDA (p \< 0.01), the decreased hepatic level of reduced GSH (p \< 0.05) when compared to the control group. In addition, histological examination revealed that Cd treatment also caused hydropic swelling of hepatocyte with vacuolated cytoplasm. This study could provide a possible explanation to hepatotoxicity resulting from exposure to Cd in the environment. In addition, the pretreatment with curcumin before Cd administration could not inhibit the changes against Cd toxicity. Therefore, it was concluded that curcumin at dose of 250 mg/kg BW could not prevent the toxic effects of Cd against oxidative damages in rat liver since no improvement of all parameters by curcumin treatment.
Antimutagenic Potentials of Hydroalcoholic Herbal Extracts towards UV-Induced Mutation
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2010-03-18) Ponnaree Kittiwannachot; Panida Borisut; Pimphaka Wanasawas; Lakkhana Ponpanich; Orathai Rattanasuk; Malyn Chulasiri
Twelve antimutagenic herbs reported elsewhere towards chemical mutagens were selected for the study.\ Their used parts which had been dried and ground were extracted with hydroalcohol. These extracts were evaluated for the antimutagenicity towards UVA- and UVB-induced mutation using modified Ames test having Escherichia coli B/r WP2 (trpE65) as the tester strain. Results revealed the hydroalcoholic extracts from damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill) flower, emblic (Phyllanthus emblica Linn) fruit pulp, guava (Psidium guajava Linn) leaf and myrobalan (Terminalia chebula Retz) fruit pulp were rather promising. Their IC₅₀ towards both UVA- and UVB-induced mutation was less than 4 mg/plate. These extracts were then separately incorporated into SPF 8 sunscreen lotion. It was revealed that the damask rose and myrobalan sunscreen lotions were more appreciable than the guava and emblic sunscreen lotions. The IC₅₀ of lotions incorporated with damask rose and myrobalan extracts was 4.3 and 2.3% w/w respectively towards UVA-induced mutation, and was 2.5 and 4.2 9% w/w respectively towards UVB-induced mutation. Whereas the IC₅₀ of lotions incorporated with emblic and guava extracts was more than 7% w/w and was significantly higher than the IC₅₀ shown by the unformulated extracts (p \< 0.05). The sunscreen lotions in the presence and absence of these extracts were eventually evaluated for SPF. All lotions with the extracts showed higher values than the non-herbal one.
Risk Assessment for Regulatory Standard of Synthetic Food Colors
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2010-03-18) Wenika Benjapong; Songsak Srianujata; Anadi Nitithamyong; Piyanuch Visetchart; Weeraya Karnpanit
The standard of food additives under the notification of the Ministry of Public Health No. 281 has been set up based on General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA) of Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). However, there are many groups of food additives using the old maximum use levels including synthetic food colors. Thus, it needs to assess risk from the exposures of food color additives in order to develop the food standards that conforms to international standards and authorizes national food safety. This study aimed to improve the maximum used levels of nine synthetic food colorsbased on risk assessment process. Estimating color intakes based on the maximum use levels establishing in GSFA and found that the exposures of these color additives were below the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of each additive (ADI is the safety margin of exposure). It may be due to the exposures were estimated from several food categories that the maximum use levels have been adopted by CAC. These exposures were lower estimation because Thai FDA has allowed the use levels for some food categories that the maximum use levels are not adopted by CAC. Thus the exposures should be estimated from all food categories that use color additives based on the maximum use levels that are considering in all steps of Codex commodity committees and have been pronounced in food standards of different countries. The assessment in risk group of population (Thai population aged 3-5.9 years) indicated that the exposures of seven synthetic food colors, including Carmoisine, Ponceau 4R, Erythrosine, Riboflavins, Tartrazine, Sunset yellow and Indigotine were above the ADI. Thus, the maximum use levels of these color additives should be reduced in some food categories based on the health risk and technology justification. The maximum use levels recommended in this study were supported by the process of risk assessment to ensure safety for use in food without adverse effects on consumer health because the exposures will not over the ADI that advised by JECFA (the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives).
Editorial Board
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2011-01-24) Suleesa Suleesa
Preliminary studies on dermal toxicity effects of the mask product derived from the ethanolic extracts of Zingiber montanum (Koenig) Link ex. Dietr. and Morus alba L.
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2011-01-24) Sareeya Reungpatthanaphong
According to the Thai tradition medicine, the rhizome of Zingiber montanum (Koenig) Linkex. Dietr. (Syn. Z. cassumunar Roxb; in Thai “Phlai”; Fam. Zingiberaceae) has been therapeuticallyused as anti-inflammatory, analgesic drugs etc. Also Mulberry (Morus alba L.; in Thai “Mon”; Fam.Moraceae) leaves which are widely used in an oriental medicine, has been scientically proved asantioxidant, melanocyte inhibition and whitening agent. In this research, both of the ethanolicextracts of Phlai rhizome and mulberry leaves are active ingredients for the Mask Product (PM)which is proposed to be used as skin care commodity. The objective of this study was to estimate andestablish dermal toxicity effects of PM in animal models. The skin irritation, acute dermal toxicityand skin sensitization studied were conducted by following the Test Guidelines No. 404; AcuteDermal Irritation / Corrosion, No. 402; Acute Dermal Toxicity Test and No. 406; Skin Sensitizationof the OECD Guidelines for testing of chemical, in the rabbits, rats and guinea pigs, respectively.From the results, we concluded that the PM might cause mild skin irritation in rabbits but did notproduce skin sensitization (Buehler method) in guinea pigs. The dermal LD50 of the PM in Wistarrats was more than 2,000 mg/kg body weight.
Efficiency of some commercial herb extracts and fresh herb extracts on inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus growth
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2011-01-24) Subuntith Nimrat
The antibacterial activity of two commercial herb extracts (Curcuma (Curcuma longa Linn.)and Garlic (Allium sativum Linn.)) extract on 20 isolates of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA) and 20 isolates of Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) wasstudied and compared with six fresh herb extracts (Curcuma, Garlic, Ginger, Chinese ginger, Chilli,and Citrus leaf) macerated in 99.8% methanol at the proportion of 1:1 (w/v) of the test herb andmethanol. The extracts of each test herb were prepared at three concentrations of 20, 100 and 500mg/ml and then all dilutions were evaluated for efficiency on 20 isolates of MRSA and 20 isolates ofMSSA by disk diffusion method. Result showed that extract from Curcuma exhibited the bacterialactivity against MRSA and MSSA (10% of MRSA 20 isolates and 5% of MSSA 20 isolates,respectively). However, the effect of commercial herb extracts from Garlic and all of fresh herbextracts did not inhibit both test MRSA and MSSA. Therefore, the results suggested that commercialherb extract of Curcuma was able to inhibit some isolates of MRSA and MSSA.
Effect of Preparation and Temperature Treatments on Antimutagenicity against Urethane in Drosophila melanogaster and Antioxidant Activity of Three Allium Members
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2010-03-18) A. Aunanan; Kaew Kangsadalampai
We investigated whether the effects of preparations (pounding or chopping) and heat treatments (100\°C or 200\°C) modified the antimutagenicity of garlic, shallot and onion against urethane induced somatic mutation and recombination in\ Drosophila melanogaster. Three-day old trans-heterozygous larvae (mwh flr⁺/mwh TM3) were transferred to an experimental medium (containing a treated sample) that had 20 mM urethane. The wings of surviving flies were analyzed for occurrence of mutant spots. The results showed that all treated samples still had both antimutagenicity and antioxidant activity (determined using DPPH scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power) and phenolic compounds (determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent). Treating garlic with 100\°C and 200\°C before preparations slightly reduced its antimutagenicity. It was proposed that heat treatment slightly destroyed alliinase; thus, the formation of allicins and other organosulfur compounds (commonly turn to be alkylsulfides or allicin derivatives which are the inducers of phase 2 detoxification system) from alliin was reduced. On the other\ hand, pounding and chopping before applying heat treatments reduced the antimutagenicity of shallot and onion while heat\ treatment had lower effect if the samples still be a bulb or cut into large piece. It was proposed that the formation of sulfur containing compounds derived from isoalliin by alliinase during pounding and chopping were very labile to atmosphere during the 10 min standing at room temperature. Thus the effect of preparation and heat treatment unequally influenced on the antimutagenicity and the antioxidant activity including total phenolic compounds of three Allium members.
Real-time cellular analysis for skin toxicity testing of nanozeolites by using human cell culture model
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2011-01-24) Supatra Porasuphatana
Nanoparticles using in human must be fully assessed for their safety. Nanozeolites, analuminosilicate crystalline with a 3-dimensioned porous structure, is considered a good absorbentand ion exchanger which might be applied for use as a reservoir to entrap active ingredients ofcosmetic products. Aim of this study was to investigate cytotoxicity of nanozeolites on humanepidermoid carcinoma (A431) and human forehead fibroblast cell (HFF). Skin toxicity test ofnanozeolites was performed by using real-time xCELLigence impedance analysis. In this studynanozeolites was ultrasonically dispersed to obtain clear solution with various concentrations at 0.05,0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 % (w/v) and tested with A431 cells and HFF cells. Viable cells weremonitored during the period of 24-h exposure by using the xCELLigence. Following real-timeanalysis, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) determined based on dose-response curvesderived by xCELLigence measurement was found to be 0.08% (w/v). Results demonstrated theapplication of real time analysis for cellular viability and showed the IC50 value of nanozeolites at0.08 % (w/v). This leads to a safety zone determination of using nanozeolites as a particle carrier forpharmaceutical and/or cosmetic products.
Situation of Preservatives Used in Coconut Sap
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2010-03-18) Kangsadan Singsoong; Wenika Benjapong; Narissara Mongsrichan; Weeraya Karnpanit
Coconut sap is a raw material using for coconut sugar and sterilized coconut sap production. Traditionally, Payom or Khiem wood chips which are added to the collecting cylinder for preservation of the sap are antimicrobial properties. Production became modernized with the use of chemical preservatives to prevent the coconut sap deterioration. Unsuitable use of chemical preservatives could cause the problem in consumer health. This study investigated the use of chemical preservatives in coconut sap. The samples of coconut sap were collected from farmers in Samut Songkhram for analysis of types and levels of preservatives used in the samples. Samples were analyzed for sulfites by using a test kit for Sodium Hydrosulfite in Food (Bleaching agent) Products from the Department of Medical Sciences. Levels of sulfur dioxide were determined using the Optimized Monier-Williams method. The type and quantity of benzoic acid and sorbic acid were determined by Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography. Sulfur dioxide was found 39 samples of 100 samples at the level ranging from 11.01-2,106.94 mg/kg. The mean ±SD of sulfur dioxide was 377.29±456.68 mg/kg. Benzoic acid was found in 10 samples ranging from 31.37-1,384.45 mg/kg. The mean ±SD of benzoic acid was 286.608±415.68 mg/kg. Two coconut sap samples were found both sulfur dioxide and benzoic acid. Therefore, the potential misuse of these preservatives should be strictly controlled and suitably used in order to improve the safety of products made from coconut sap. Otherwise the production might need to be controlled by food sanitation and promote use of natural preservatives.
Assessment on Sanitation of Traditional Coconut Sugar Production in Samut Songkhram Province
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2010-03-18) Junchaiy Prakobsin; Wenika Benjapong; Narisara Moungsrichan; Weeraya Karnpanit
Coconut sugar is a product from the fresh coconut sap. The fresh coconut sap, tapping from the flower stalks of coconut palm’s spadix is boiled to evaporate the water until liquid become very sticky. Most production of coconut sugar is a traditional production which is small scale production, steps and methods relying on the experience or indigenous knowledge. As modernized production, the important aspects of the production process should be held to food safety standards. This study evaluated food safety issues in 30 small scale coconut sugar productions in 3 districts of Samut Songkram province, Thailand. This information would be useful for the control in ensuring food safety. The processes of coconut sugar production were analyzed starting with preparation of coconut sap, chewing and product packaging. The study found that some steps of coconut sugar production were not met food safety requirements in at least four ways. First, the production facilities were found to be in direct proximity to residences or animal pens. They lacked walls to protect against dust particles. Secondly, equipments used in production were inappropriate, such as plastic containers that could not endure heat. Also equipment that comes in contact with food was difficult to clean. Furthermore the mixer used in production was not designed for food production. Maintenance, cleaning and storage of equipment and containers were not sanitary. Clean equipment was stored together with equipment that had not been cleaned. In addition, the coconut sugar production producers exhibited unsanitary behaviors. Most producers directly contacted the heated coconut sugar with their unwashed hands. Finally, storage of the product prior to distribution was inadequate in some ways, such as lack of containment and placing product on the ground. The inadequate sanitation need to be corrected for good food sanitation resulting in food safety in coconut sugar products.
The subacute toxicity test of biodiesel from Jatropha seed oil in rats
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2011-01-24) Parkpoom Siriarchavatana
Sa-boo-dam tree or Jatropha curcas L. is known as a toxic plant especially its seeds. Jatrophaseeds can be a promising source for biodiesel production. The objective of this study is to evaluatethe safety of biodiesel from Jatropha seed oil as a renewable energy. The oral subacute toxicity test(30 days) of biodiesel from Jatropha seed oil was conducted in six groups of Wistar rats (n = 120).Biodiesel that made from Jatropha seed oil was prepared by process No.1 of Thailand Institute ofScientific and Technological Research (TISTR). The results demonstrated that after oraladministration of test substance at dose 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg for 30 days, the test substancedid not affect body weight gain, behavior or general health of the animals It did not producecumulative toxic signs and fatal effects. The hematological and clinical blood chemistry profiles ofall animal were in normal range. Test substance did not cause any histopathological alteration of thevisceral organs in any group of rats. In conclusion, the biodiesel from Jatropha seed oil produced byprocess No.1 of TISTR has provided a safety tendency for using as a future alternative energy
Toxicology and Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2010-03-18) Srisak Soonthonchai
Abstract not available
DNA Extraction from Buccal Cells for Determination of Nucleotide Polymorphism at rs 1800497 Position in Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2010-03-18) Pitsinee Inthi; Manit Srisuraphanont; Surinporn Likhitsatien; Lertlakana Bhoopat; Tanin Bhoopat
Substance use disorder is influenced by complex genetic and environmental factors. Many studies found that genetics may play an important role in the development of alcohol dependence. Twin and family history studies revealed that genetics affect a heritability of alcoholism approximately 50-60%. The neurotransmitter in brain especially dopamine may associate with rewarding system that might increase risk in alcohol dependence. The dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) allelic status may influence on development of alcohol dependence due to the change in number of receptor. This study aimed to demonstrate that buccal cells could be used as an alternative source of DNA for PCR-RFLP based method to determine the allelic status of DRD2. The DNA samples were extracted from buccal cells using proteinase K and 5% chelex solution, then amplified by PCR method with some modification of the primer sequence. The optimization for annealing temperature was performed. Our PCR system using an annealing temperature at 56°C yielded the most specific amplified DNA of approximately 200 ng/μl. The PCR product was digested with TaqI restriction enzyme at 65°C overnight. The digested product was separated in 8.5% polyacrylamide gel elctrophoresis for genotyping.
Nitrite Levels in Fresh Fermented Pork Sausage, Grilled Fermented Pork Sausage, Minced Pork Sausage, Chinese-Style Sausage and Sour Pork-Rice Sausage in Markets of Chiang Mai
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2010-03-18) N. Patarawan; N. Chokethaworn
Nitrite is an important precursor in the formation of nitrosamines, it was commonly used as food additive for several meat products. In this research, determinations of nitrite in 5 types of meat products namely fresh fermented pork sausage, grilled fermented pork sausage, minced pork sausage, Chinese-style sausage and sour pork-rice sausage, were analyzed for nitrite levels by using spectrophotometer. Results demonstrated that the averages of nitrite in fresh fermented pork sausage, grilled fermented pork sausage, minced pork sausage, Chinese-style sausage and sour pork-rice sausage were 82 (range from 14 to 173), 184 (range from 129 to 252), 66 (range from 29 to 101), 154 (range from 65 to 238), and 29 (range from 14 to 51) mg/kg, respectively. The maximum level of sodium nitrite limited by Thai Food Regulations (Ministry of Public Health, Thailand) is 125 mg/kg of nitrite for meat products. In conclusion, nitrite levels in grilled fermented pork sausage and some samples of Chinese-style sausage and fresh fermented pork sausage were higher than maximum allowable concentration, while sour pork-rice sausage and minced pork sausage were lower and safe.
Instructions to Authors
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2011-01-24) Suleeporn Sangrajrang
Toxicological and clastogenic evaluation of pinocembrin and pinostrobin isolated from Boesenbergia pandurata in Wistar rats
(Thai Journal of Toxicology - วารสารพิษวิทยาไทย, 2011-01-24) Rawiwan Wongpoomchai
Pinocembrin (5, 7-dihydroxyflavanone) and pinostrobin (5-hydroxy-7-methoxy flavanone)are flavanones present in some natural products including the rhizome of Boesenbergia pandurata.Many reports showed their in vitro biological benefits without safety indication. The toxicity andmutagenicity of both flavanones in male Wistar rats were examined. There were no deaths observedfollowing a single oral administration of 500 mg/kg of both compounds. Body weight, vital organweights and blood biochemistry values of treated rats were not significantly different compared withthose of the control group. The mutagenicity of both flavanones using liver micronuclei in maleWistar rats was assessed. After feeding rats with 1-100 mg/kg for 7 days, the liver micronucleusformation and mitotic cells in hepatocytes were analyzed. Neither phytochemical affectedmicronucleus formation or mitotic index. Our results indicated that pinocembrin and pinostrobin arenon toxic and are not mutagenic to male Wistar rats within the 1-100 mg/kg interval.

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