Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences

Permanent URI for this collection

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/226558

News

https://www.ijhsonline.com/index.php/IJHS/index

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 56

Knowledge and Attitude towards Computer-Aided Learning among Nursing, Pharmacy and Physiotherapy Students
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2024-12) Gurung, A; Saranya, S.
Background: High-quality medical treatment is made possible by the development of computer-aided learning. It also makes things simpler for students to learn using both technology and course materials. Objective: To estimate the knowledge and attitudes regarding the CAL among Nursing, Pharmacy and Physiotherapy students. Materials and Methods: A descriptive correlation design was used, and 334 samples were chosen using purposive sampling. The study was conducted among UG and PG nursing, pharmacy, and physiotherapy students in the Krupanidhi Group of Institutions. The data was collected with the help of baseline data, self-administered questionnaires, and an attitude scale. Result: The description of subjects showed that 60% (201) of subjects were in the age group 18-20 years; 63.2% (211) were female, and 64.1% (214) of the subjects were from the Nursing, Pharmacy and Physiotherapy departments. Most subjects, 56.9% (190), needed prior knowledge of computer-aided learning. In most subjects, 63.2% (211) had adequate knowledge; 58% (195) of subjects had positive attitudes towards computer-aided learning. The Karl Pearson test was applied to investigate the correlation between knowledge and attitude, and the results indicate a significant positive correlation between both variables (r=.198, p=0.001). In order to assess the association between the demographic variables as well as knowledge, the chi-square test was applied. Concerning demographic information, including age and prior knowledge, the range of expertise among students studying nursing, pharmacy and physiotherapy was statistically significant at 5% (p<0.05). Conclusion: Nursing, pharmacy, and physiotherapy students had sufficient computer knowledge and supported the inclusion of computer-aided learning in their education. This study emphasises that computer-aided learning is valuable for allied health science students. Its incorporation in the education curriculum can enhance knowledge acquisition, foster a positive attitude, and ultimately contribute to developing highly skilled professionals.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Antibiotics among Medical and Dental Students in Indian University: A Cross-Sectional Study
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2024-12) Kaushik, T; Setya, S.
Background : Inappropriate use of antibiotics contributes to global antimicrobial resistance. Evaluating knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among university students who are future prescribers can improve antibiotic use. Objectives : This study assesses the KAP of antibiotics among medical and dental students in India, aiming to identify educational gaps to better combat antimicrobial resistance. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 400 medical and dental university students, following the approval from Institutional Ethics Committee. Students willing to participate were included. Pilot study on 30 students ensured questionnaire's reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.82). Data were analyzed using SPSS with Pearson’s chi-square test for KAP factor relationships and Mann Whitney U test for comparing KAP between students. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results : 232 (58%) medical and 168 (42%) dental students participated. 80.49% medical students demonstrated significantly higher knowledge [median, Interquartile range 16(15,18)] than 73.9% dental students [median, Interquartile range 15(13,17)] (p:0.001, z:4.96). 82.29% medical and 80.72% dental students responded correctly to the attitude section, indicating strong awareness about responsible antibiotic use. Practice dimension showed correct responses from 72.34% (medical) and (72.12%) dental students, emphasizing the need to better apply knowledge and attitudes in practice. Overall, 77.2% of participants exhibited adequate knowledge, 81.5% displayed positive attitude and 72.23% engaged in good practices. Conclusions: These findings suggest revising curricula and implementing targeted programs, particularly for dental students, to enhance antibiotic knowledge. Practical, behavior-focused education, antimicrobial stewardship, and targeted interventions are essential for future prescribers. Further research with larger populations is needed to generalize these practices across healthcare.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Diabetic Retinopathy Lesion Detection: A Review
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2024-12) Lakshmi, KS; Sargunam, B.
Diabetic retinopathy represents a significant microvascular complication associated with prolonged diabetes mellitus and serves as a leading cause of blindness, particularly in developing nations. For the patient's vision to be adequately preserved, early identification of DR is essential. In order to treat the disease, the patient must maintain his or her current level of vision since the disease is irreversible. The Clinical diagnosis demands significant time and the specialized knowledge of an experienced ophthalmologist and also identifying the disease features in images is also more challenging, particularly in the early stages of the disease when disease features are less noticeable. Therefore, deep learning algorithms have been used for the early diagnosis of DR in recent years, and medical image analysis utilising machine learning has demonstrated to be effective in evaluating retinal fundus images. This review's objective is to go over the numerous Deep learning techniques for automated computer-aided analysis of microaneurysms, haemorrhages, and exudates were also addressed, along with a knowledge gap in DR identification. As part of future research, this review seeks to systematize the available algorithms for ease of use and guidance by researchers.
Review of 3D Printing Applications in Biomedical Engineering: A Comprehensive Analysis
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2024-12) Singh, AK; Jain, T.
Three-dimensional printing (3DP), also known as additive manufacturing, has significantly impacted the biomedical field by enabling the creation of complex, patient-specific medical devices, implants, and tissues. The need for advanced medical solutions due to an aging population and increased reliance on electronic gadgets has driven research into 3DP application. This review focuses on the various biomedical applications of 3DP, including drug synthesis, medical device fabrication, bioprinting, and surgical planning. The review discusses key techniques such as bioprinting, which combines cells, growth factors, and biomaterials to create tissue-like structures, and the use of 3DP for patient-specific prostheses and orthoses. Additionally, the role of 3DP in tissue engineering, organ printing, and the development of bioactive and biodegradable scaffolds is explored. The findings highlight the versatility of 3DP in creating patient-specific medical devices, enhancing surgical outcomes, and advancing tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Different 3DP techniques discussed also shows promise in producing robust and biocompatible implants, while challenges remain in the widespread application of bio printed organs and tissues. 3DP has the potential to revolutionize the biomedical field by providing customized, efficient, and effective solutions for various medical challenges.
Effectiveness of Manual Soft Tissue Mobilization vs Mechanical Therapy on Postpartum Knee Joint Pain and Function: A Randomized Trial
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2024-12) Sharma, M; Chauhan, N; Kumari, M; Verma, P; Pradhan, DK.
Background: Postpartum knee joint pain is a prevalent issue among women, often exacerbated by physiological changes during and after pregnancy. Research indicates that knee pain affects many postpartum females, with various contributing factors. Research indicates that lower extremity pain, including knee pain, often begins during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, suggesting biomechanical factors play a significant role. Soft tissue mobilization therapy and mechanical or electrotherapy both have proven to be beneficial in improving pain and function. Objective: Hence the study aimed to compare the effect of soft tissue mobilization and mechanical therapy on postpartum knee pain and function. Materials & Methods: The study included 60 postpartum women (30 in each group). Both the group participants received 8 weeks of treatment as per the protocol following the random allocation. Results: The result revealed that both the mechanical therapy and soft tissue mobilization have significantly improved knee outcomes (KOOS) following the intervention (p < 0.05). however, the manual therapy treatment was superior to the mechanical therapy in terms of improving pain and function. Conclusion: The study concludes that manual therapy treatments can be chosen over mechanical treatments to improve knee joint function among postpartum women.
A Rare Case of Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2024-12) Hariharasubramanian, M; Rajashekar, TS; Suresh Kumar, K; Hanumanthayya, K.
A wide range of hereditary diseases affecting two or more ectodermally derived tissues together are referred to as ectodermal dysplasias (EDs). The most frequently impacted ectodermal derivatives are the teeth, nails, sweat glands, and hair. The mucous membranes of the mouth and nose, lips, eyes, ears, and other ectodermal structures could also be impacted. During embryonic development, the ectoderm forms the outermost layer of the primary germ layers that give rise to the several structures that are commonly affected in ED. As a result, depending on the array and severity of the anomaly, ED presents itself differently in each patient. This symptom is present in 1 in 50,000 people worldwide. Among these 150 unique syndromes, hypohidrotic (faulty sweat glands) and hidrotic (normal sweat glands) syndromes are the most prevalent. Moreover, there are many inheritance patterns associated with ED, with X-linked inheritance being by far the most prevalent. Here, we report on a seven-year-old boy's clinical case of hypohidrotic (anhidrotic) ED.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension Among Adults in Kamrup District, Guwahati, Assam: A Cross Sectional Study
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2024-12) Devi, AM; Kakoti, J; Chanu, KS; Alaska, L; Devi, NS; Salam, S; Devi, PS.
Introduction: Although hypertension is common, it can be dangerous if not treated promptly. Many people with the condition don't experience any symptoms. However, some may develop symptoms such as headaches, blurred vision, and chest pain. Regular check-ups are the best way to monitor blood pressure levels. According to the WHO, almost 46 % of adults are unaware that they have hypertension; nearly 63% of all deaths in India are caused by non-communicable diseases, with 27% attributed to CVD, which affects 45 % of individuals aged 40 to 69. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a 2-months period in May and June 2024. A convenience sampling technique was used to select a total of 545 participants. The data were collected and then entered for analysis. Bivariable regression analyses were performed. AOR with a 95% CI was used as a measure of association. Variables having a p-value < 0.05 were considered to have a significant association with the outcome. Result: The prevalence of hypertension among adult in this study was 71.7%. Age 40 – 59 [AOR: 0.409, 95% CI: 0.275, 0.610], Muslim [AOR = 1.628, 95% CI = 1.450, 1.830, p = 0.000], college/University [AOR: 0.185, 95% 0.109, 0.314, p=0], Daily labourer [AOR: 1.941, 95% CI: 0.921,4.093, p=0.040], Family history of hypertension [AOR: 0.509, 95% CI: 0.371,0.699, p=0.000], overweight [AOR = 0.448, 95% CI = 0.290, 0.695, p = 0.000 ], Tobacco used [AOR = 0.588, 95% CI = 0.415, 2.853, p = 0.000], Alcohol consumption [AOR = 0.295, 95% CI = 0.68, 0.520, p = 0.000] and used smoking [AOR = 0.333, 95% CI = 0.213, 0.523, p = 0.000] had a statistically significant association with having hypertension. Conclusion: There is a relatively high prevalence of hypertension among adults. Associated risk factors such as overweight, regular checking of blood pressure, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and current smoking status have a significant positive association with hypertension. It is important to provide proper training programs and essential services to healthcare professionals. Community-based hypertension screening programs should be developed to prevent this silent and deadly disease.
Applications of Hydroxyapatite in Healthcare Sectors – A Perspective Review
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2024-07) Sneha, S; Kanmani, C; Ajay, S; Surendar, S; Sivakumar, K.
Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) provides a promising prospect in the field of healthcare owing to its biocompatibility and resemblance to the mineral composition of genuine bone. Nevertheless, there are still obstacles to overcome in order to convert its potential into practical applications. An important challenge is to develop scalable and reproducible synthesis methods that guarantee constant quality of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). Ensuring precise control over particle size, shape, and purity is of utmost importance, as these parameters have a direct influence on the biocompatibility and effectiveness. Furthermore, it is necessary to conduct further research on the long-term stability and degradation rates in living organisms in order to ensure proper absorption of materials and minimize the risk of toxicity. Notwithstanding these difficulties, nHAp exhibits great potential. The capacity to function as a precise drug delivery system, namely for the treatment of bone disorders and cancer, is a highly intriguing field of study. Moreover, scaffolds built on nHAp exhibit promise in the field of bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. By integrating antibacterial compounds or altering the surface features of nHAp, there are possibilities for addressing infections and inflammation. Maximizing the complete capabilities of nHAp requires continuous research, namely in the areas of scalable synthesis, toxicity assessment, and clinical application. Successfully overcoming these obstacles will clear the path for nHAp to completely transform the healthcare industry and contribute to a new age of patient care.
Non Secretory Myeloma with Acute Renal Failure- A Case Report
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2024-07) Megalamane, S; Baburaj, S; Sriniramathi, RU; Dhanapal, D.
Multiple myeloma, a cancer of plasma cell. They are usually two types; most common one is secretory type which is accounting to 95-97% & second one is non secretory type making up to 1-5%. Peripheral smear and Immunoglobulin levels will aid in diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Non secretory myeloma is a rare type, and all the definitive diagnostic features will be negative and poses diagnostic challenge. Non secretory myeloma has plasma cells that does not secrete immunoglobulins which is evaluated with immunofluorescence or immunoperoxide studies hence the symptoms like anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, infection recurrence, end organ damage fails to exhibit, which makes the diagnosis difficult.
Relationship Between Functional Movement Screen, Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test and Physical Performance Tests in Athletes
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2024-07) Pachava, SR; Bisht, K.
Context: The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and lower quarter Y-Balance Test (LQ-YBT) are examples of functional screening tools used to identify physical dysfunction or functional asymmetries. Limitations in flexibility, agility and power may also have negative consequences on performance in fundamental movements in sport. Due to the time constraints of physical therapists and athletic trainers providing care towards athletes during rehabilitation and treatment hours, it is not possible to perform multiple screening tests/tools prior to an athletic season to determine if athletes have poor mobility and fundamental movements that may alter sport performance. Understanding associations between movement performance and global screening tools (FMS and LQ-YBT) could provide a foundation for prevention programs and performance enhancement for athletes. Therefore, this study was performed to identify how FMS composite score and LQ-YBT relate to the measures of physical performance (flexibility, agility, and jump) in athletes. Settings and Design: A Cross-sectional study conducted on university athletes. Methods and Material: Demographic and Anthropometric data of 50 athletes (32 males,18 females) in the age group of 18 – 30 years were collected at the beginning of the test after obtaining informed consent. The seven FMS tasks, LQ-YBT, Sit and Reach Test, ProAgility Test and Standing Long Jump were performed sequentially in the order. A total of 3 trials were performed in each test and the average of three trials were recorded for statistical analysis. Statistical analysis used: Pearson correlation was used to assess the association between FMS C.S, LQ-YBT and other physical performance measures and p < 0.05 was utilized for statistical significance. Results: FMS CS and LQ-YBT showed significant positive correlation with standing long jump performance (p<0.05) but not with agility. LQ-YBT correlated significantly with sit and reach test (p<0.05). Conclusions: In athletes, the observed significant correlation between the FMS composite score (FMS CS) and the Lower Quarter Y Balance Test (LQ-YBT) with standing long jump performance suggests their potential utility in predicting jump capabilities. However, their lack of correlation with agility indicates limited applicability in that domain. Notably, the LQ-YBT's significant correlation with the sit and reach test underscores its potential as an indicator of flexibility. Key message: Utilizing the FMS or LQ-YBT autonomously or in pair might help sports medicine and strength and conditioning experts in their capacity to recognize people with an expanded gamble of injury during sports participation through distinguishing proof of physical or functional movement deficiencies.
Assessment of Dietary Fiber Intake in Adults: Consideration of Gender and Age Disparities
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2024-07) Sreemathy, V; Triveni, K.
Background: Many studies have focused on the health effects of dietary fibre. Despite the advice of numerous experts to increase fibre consumption, many population groups have failed to meet the recommended daily average intake, which may lead to the development of various chronic diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to gain insight into the dietary fibre intake of adults in the Indian population. Methods and Materials: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on 800 adults. A structured questionnaire containing 12 questions was used to collect data from the study participants. Data were analysed using statistical methods, and the outcomes were presented and interpreted. Results: A total of 800 participants (621 females and 179 males) were surveyed. A significant association was found between daily fruit intake and age (p=0.000) and gender (p=0.009). A significant association was observed between the consumption of daily 2 cups of vegetables and age (p=0.000) and gender (p=0.289). The majority of participants (57.61%) had fruits in the evening between lunch and dinner. The majority of females (281) had two cups of vegetables daily, followed by males (73). Approximately 32% of the participants consumed green leafy vegetables 2 times a week, and 27% consumed vegetables once a week. Of the 800 participants, 11% experienced constipation, 62% used digestive biscuits, and 85% did not use fibre supplements to relieve constipation. Conclusion: The findings showed age and gender differences in adult fibre consumption, highlighting the critical role that dietary fibre plays in maintaining good health and well-being.
Mystery of the Treatment of Syphilis
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2023-04) Rajashekar, TS; Suresh Kumar, K; Meghana, E; Pavithra, TR; Deepthi Chowdary, Y; Hanumanthayya, K.
Syphilis is the commonest sexually transmitted disease (STD) affecting humans globally. On 12.10.1492, Christopher Columbus with his crew landed in Haiti (America) and returned to Spain (Europe) on 15th March 1493. Historians believe that, he and his crew members spread the disease syphilis in Europe, which he and his crew members had contracted in Haiti. The migration of people due to war (soldiers and mercenaries), merchants and slave trade contributed to the rapid spread of the disease and it became a pandemic. Initially, syphilis was highly contagious and virulent, affecting millions of people with very high mortality. Hence, the physicians of that time left no stone unturned for finding a cure. They tried mostly ineffective and harmful methods to treat syphilis. The drugs proved to be more harmful than curative. The fatality due to drugs itself was very significant. Alexander Fleming, a Scottish physician discovered penicillin in 1928 as a crude extract from Penicillium rubens. Eagle H and his coworkers in 1940, found that, penicillin at a relatively low dosage used over a prolonged period of four weeks cured syphilis. The discovery of penicillin enabled to transform a disease with high mortality to a manageable disease.
Dermatology Photo Quiz 2
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2023-01) Rajashekar, TS; Suresh Kumar, K; Vaishnavi, BV; Anjana, G; Shiva Saadhvi, M; Harihara, SM; Hanumanthayya, K.
40-year-old male, married, and sexually active gentleman, had un-protected sex with other woman, after 5 days, he noticed painful ulcers on his penis. He came to hospital, examination revealed, painful ulcers on glans penis and inner layer of prepuce, with regional lymph node enlargement. Routine and specific investigations were done. Treatment was given, after 10 days, ulcers healed. Genital hygiene and counselling were done, and asked the gentleman to come for regular check-up.
Unpacking the Influence: Social Media’s Impact on Maternal Attachment and Anxiety: A Scoping Review
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2024-07) Rajput, A; Chadha, L; Kulpooja.
The scoping review explores the multifaceted influence of social media on maternal attachment and anxiety, crucial components of maternal mental health and child development. Maternal attachment, defined as the emotional bond between mother and child, and maternal anxiety, encompassing stress related to parenting responsibilities, are examined in light of contemporary digital media use. Ten studies included in this review encompassing various research methodologies—quantitative, qualitative, longitudinal, and experimental—were systematically reviewed. Findings highlight social media's dual role: while it provides valuable support and resources, it also poses risks by potentially exacerbating maternal anxiety and influencing attachment patterns. Notably, digital platforms facilitate social support networks and information exchange among mothers, yet studies reveal nuanced impacts on attachment dynamics and anxiety levels. Geographically diverse studies underscore global relevance, though language bias limits inclusivity. This synthesis underscores the need for nuanced, culturally sensitive research to guide interventions promoting healthy maternal well-being amidst digital media use.
Effectiveness of Tailored Exercise Protocol on Functional Independence in Post Laminectomy Induced Paraparesis – A Case Study
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2023-01) Krishna, A; Kavitha, RN.
The compression and decompression junction are a potential site for spinal cord distortion. Cord compression could result from the changed cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics. Para paresis will occur due to direct trauma sustained during surgery or postoperative hematomas and there is 16% of secondary disease, because of non-traumatic injuries and 84% of spinal cord injury are due to trauma and 2 to 5 times the individuals will die prematurely due to spinal cord injury. Case report of a patient, having D8-L1 wedge compression fracture undergone surgical laminectomy, for which specific exercise protocol designed to improve muscle strength, activities of daily living and reduce clonus. post-operatively patient complained of weakness in bilateral lower limb, and he was dependent on others for his daily life activities, so our aim was to make the patient independent and he should be able to transfer from bed to wheelchair and reduce clonus. Tailored protocol was designed for patient’s functional independence by bed mobility, transfer skills, muscle strengthening by using different scales, and he was trained five sessions in a week for three months. After implementing the exercise program like strengthening exercises for bilateral upper limbs, bed mobility training, stretching of bilateral lower limb muscles for clonus and transfer skills using tailored protocol for twelve weeks there was improvement in all parameters.
Social Phobia and Procrastination as the Predictors of Perceived Stress among the School Children of Kolar Post COVID 19 Pandemic - A Cross-sectional S tudy
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2023-04) Anandu, S; Prasanna Kamath, BT; Pradeep, TS.
The WHO defines a pandemic as spread of certain disease worldwide or across international borders, influencing many people. COVID-19 is recently found infectious coronavirus that is transmitted from person to person via droplets. Multiple studies indicating an increase in schoolchildren's procrastination can be attributable to pandemic's increased uncertainty level. To find out whether Social Phobia and Procrastination can be predictors of Perceived Stress among school children of Kolar post-COVID-19 pandemic. Data collection was from the high school children of selected schools in Kolar Taluk. Data collection was conducted using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. “Simple random sampling” was done to select the participant schools. 2 Schools each were selected in the rural and urban areas. The design of the research was Cross-sectional and was done among students of co-education high schools in Kolar taluk. All the students in the selected schools belonging to 8th, 9th, and 10th classes were involved. The analysis tools used are the PSS-10 scale for perceived stress, Social Phobia Scale (SPS) for social phobia, and The Lay’s Procrastination Scale for measuring procrastination. The study duration was from 30th November 2022 to 31st December 2022. Assuming the stress prevalence in school children to be 50% considered as prevalence (p), “error of 5% with a 95% confidence interval, the sample size” determined was 400 [estimated by Open Epi version 3.01]. Simple Random sampling was used. All data will be put into a Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed with SPSS v 22. (IBM Corp). The perceived stress scores are positively associated with social phobia scores and procrastination scores and this relationship was observed to be statistically significant. Both social phobia and procrastination were able to predict 89.7% of changes in the perceived stress levels among the participants. Social phobia and procrastination are the predictors of perceived stress and any intervention for stress should also consider these factors into consideration.
Adenosquamous Cell Carcinoma Secondary to Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Tibia - Rare Case Report
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2024-04) Anil, KP; Nagakumar, JS.
Osteomyelitis is an infection with progressive destruction of bone tissue involving the bone and articular cartilage with its medullary canal. Chronic osteo-myelitis treatment is challenge for the orthopaedician. The bone microscopic anatomy and also the microorganism biofilms and their ability to adapt to their surrounding environment. It’s tough for the antibiotics and disinfectants to breach the biofilm barrier and kill these microorganism colonies. Cutaneous neoplasm are a rare complication developing after a chronic bone infection. The incidence and prevalence of these cutaneous tumor/neoplasm following chronic bone infection continues to increase despite the increasing awareness to the disease process, and medical advances in early diagnosis and early treatment. Most common neoplasm after a chronic bone infection are squamous cell carcinoma and rarely sarcoma or lymphoma. 1 In our study we report adenosquamous cell carcinoma arising from chronic osteomyelitis of tibia for which above knee amputation was done.
Concept of Electroconvulsive Therapy in India: A Narrative Review
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2023-01) Rajkumar, MG; Reddy, PS; Harish, R.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the pivotal treatment modalities used in modern psychiatry. This treatment modality involves applying electrical stimulus with the help of an electrical device to induce a seizure. The induced seizure is used as the vital element for curative effect. This paper reviews the ECT research published in various journals, majority of these articles have focused on establishing the efficacy in different disorders. Significant numbers of papers describe the ECT procedure, ECT machine, adverse effects of ECT and amendments in mental health laws. Majority of papers from India focus on legal aspects of ECT and long term follow-up of ECT-treated patients. Despite the strict legislations made, ECT is considered as one of the most beneficial treatment procedure for depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. ECT continues to be a debatable treatment modality in modern psychiatry in context of its ethical caveats.
Transforming Birth Experiences: Effect of Child Birth Preparedness Programme on Intrapartum Coping Behaviour Among Primigravida Mothers
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2024-07) Renu; Deepak; Akoijam, MD; Sonam, KM.
Background: Childbirth is a significant life event often associated with various physiological and psychological challenges, particularly for primigravida mothers, who undergo the process for the first time. Intrapartum coping behavior, encompassing psychological responses and coping strategies during labor and delivery, profoundly influences maternal well-being and birth outcomes. Child Birth Preparedness Programme (CBPP) aim to equip expectant mothers with essential knowledge and skills to navigate the birthing process effectively. Objective: The primary objective was to determine the effect of the CBPP on intrapartum coping behavior among primigravida mothers. Methods: A quantitative research approach was adopted, utilizing a quasi-experimental design. The study population comprised primigravida mothers at 38 weeks of gestation in the MCH wards of SGT Hospital. Purposive sampling was used to select 60 participants, with 30 in the control and experimental groups each. Data were collected using a standardized labor coping scale and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The CBPP significantly improved coping behavior among primigravida mothers, with the experimental group exhibiting higher coping scores compared to the control group (mean score: 4.07 vs. 2.53, p < 0.05). Demographic variables such as education, husband's education, occupation, and knowledge regarding CBPP were associated with coping behavior. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the positive impact of CBPP on intrapartum coping behavior among primigravida mothers. Educational interventions and enhancing knowledge about CBPP can further improve coping strategies during childbirth. These findings underscore the importance of tailored childbirth preparation programs in promoting maternal well-being during labor and delivery.
Evaluation of the Ameliorative Effects of Persea americana Seeds on the Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Type 2 Diabetic Rats
(Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, 2024-07) Mukasa, Y.
Background : Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic hyperglycemic condition with various types, however, Type 2 DM or Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) accounts for 90% of all DM cases. Type 2 DM thus poses the biggest burden, necessitating a search for sustainable alternatives to its costly conventional management. Medicinal plant extracts are key to addressing the cost management related challenges, especially for resource limited settings. We studied the effects of Persea americana seed extracts on biochemical and hematological indices because these get deranged in NIDDM, indicative of a worsening prognosis. Studies on seed extracts of P. americana showed beneficial effects in NIDDM, however, these focused majorly on Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) and lipids. We further explored the effects of the methanolic (ME) and total crude (TCE) extracts on the hematological indices in NIDDM rats. Materials and Methods : Type 2 DM was induced in the study animals using streptozotocin. The diabetic control and glibenclamide (GLB) groups orally received water and 10mg/kg B.W.T of GLB respectively, whereas other groups orally received either 200mg or 400mg doses of both extracts per kg B.W.T. Results : Only the higher dose of the TCE (TCE400) had a comparable FBG lowering effect to GLB (p=0.309), however, all extract groups except ME200 had ameliorative effects (p=0.09, 1.00 and 0.01 for ME400, TCE200 and TCE400 respectively). The effects of all extracts on total cholesterol (TC) and LDL unlike on triglycerides and HDL were significantly (p<0.05) better than glibenclamide’s. Only the TCEs had ameliorative effects on TC levels (p=0.18 and 0.48 for TCE200 and TCE400 respectively). All extracts except ME200, had significantly (p<0.05) better activity on mean MCH and MCV levels in comparison to GLB. Only TCE400 caused a more significant improvement in the mean RBC than GLB (p=0.004) and only TCE400 and ME400 had more significant improvement in Hct levels than GLB (p=0.04). Conclusion: Total crude extracts of Persea americana seed at doses of about 400mg/kg body weight can improve the treatment outcomes of DM in diabetic animals.

Browse

Recent Submissions