Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology
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Editor-in-Chief: Dr Rachna Goswami
ISSN: 2347-212x
Frequency: Bimonthly
Language: English
Open Access Peer-reviewed journal
Web site: https://www.jabonline.in/
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Recent Submissions
Item Impact of diverse enterprises on productivity, profitability, employment creation, and energy management of integrated farming system under lowland conditions of Tamil Nadu, India(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-06) Arumugam, R; Sivalingam, R; Murugesan, S; Perumal, C; Manivelu, R; Subramaniam, A; Padmanaban, B; Natarajan, K; Arunagirinathan, I.A study was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, with different farming system models in a lowland ecosystem to find the most effective one. The goal was to see how combining various agricultural activities and resources impacts rice-based farming. The integrated farming system (IFS) with cropping alone (FS4), rice-based cropping system + desi poultry + fish + azolla + milch cow + goat + vermicompost + nutritional garden + fodder crop (FS1), rice-based cropping system + duck + fish + azolla + milch cow + goat + vermicompost + nutritional garden + fodder crop (FS2), rice-based cropping system + turkey + fish + azolla + milch cow + goat + vermicompost + nutritional garden + fodder crop (FS3) was carried out for 2 years during 2018–19 and 2019–2020 in non-replicated trial. Within the IFS, 0.90 hectares were dedicated to the following crop rotation: rice, followed by blackgram, and then maize. The remaining 0.10 hectares were allocated to various other agricultural activities. This 0.10 hectare was further divided as follows: fish pond unit 0.04 ha, dairy unit 0.012 ha, goat unit 0.008 ha, azolla 0.004 ha, vermicompost unit 0.004 ha, nutritional garden 0.004 ha and fodder crops 0.028 ha. The study evaluated the effectiveness of integrating various components into a rice-based cropping system. This integrated system significantly increased overall productivity, as measured by the rice grain equivalent yield. The IFS that combined cropping with ducks, fish, azolla, a milch cow, goat, vermicompost, a nutrition garden, and fodder crops (FS2) achieved the higher rice grain equivalent yield of 40,332 kg/ha, which is more than double the yield (18,569 kg/ha) achieved by the rice cropping system alone, highest net return reaching Rs. 434,554 per hectare. Additionally, the integrated FS2 system generated the highest daily return, reaching Rs. 1,191, the highest employment opportunity, offering 789 workdays per hectare per year and diverse elements led to the greatest overall energy output, energy efficiency, and improved nutritional value of the produce compared to other farming systems. For lowland farmers with 1 ha farms, research suggests that a combination of cropping systems and integrated components can significantly augment and sustain yield, monetary profits, employment generation, and soil health.Item Optimization of Bacillus subtilis PW12 biomass production using RSM: a preliminary study towards single-cell protein production for aquaculture(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-02) Gracious, M; Nandakumar, S.Bacillus subtilis strains are extensively integrated into aquafeeds, serving either as probiotics or single-cell proteins, due to their proven nutritional advantages for farmed fish. However, low biomass yields and high production costs limit their usefulness as microbial proteins in aquafeeds. Hence, a pioneering effort was made to statistically optimize the growth medium for enhancing the biomass production of a beneficial aquaculture probiotic bacterium, B. subtilis PW12, which holds potential for contributing to the production of high-value additives for aquaculture diets. Plackett- Burman Design was used for the primary screening of nutrient components and culture conditions. Four of the eleven variables investigated in the PBD, such as soya peptone, glucose, pH, and inoculum size, had a significant influence on the biomass production of the bacteria. These factors were further optimized by using the Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodologies. The predicted biomass yield was 14.19 g/L, whereas the obtained biomass yield as dry cell weight was 14.29 ± 0.23 g/L. A glucose and soya peptone-based medium demonstrated efficacy in promoting both growth and nutritional enrichment of the target bacteria. Furthermore, this optimized medium facilitated the attainment of high cell density, a critical factor for the future production of quality microbial products tailored for aquaculture applications.Item Azolla pinnata redefines its importance in rice fields as it alleviates aluminum toxicity and low pH stress(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-02) Agarwal, K; Markkandan, G.Monoculture of rice seedlings or Azolla pinnata was challenged with different aluminum stress conditions, and both species showed significantly reduced total biomass, chlorophyll, root, and leaf length. Mixed cultures showed no stress phenotypes and notably enhanced growth parameters under low and moderate aluminum stress (10 and 30 ?M). Discretely, Azolla plants failed to survive when grown at >30 ?M aluminum treatment (pH 4.75) but sustained well when grown with rice plants. Importantly, both species accumulated less aluminum and more root exudates in mixed cultures of Azolla and rice plants. Furthermore, expression of Sensitive To Proton rhizotoxicity1 (ApSTOP1 and OsART1) in both species declined significantly in mixed cultures than in monocultures. Ammonium transporter 1 (ApAMT1 and OsAMT1.1) expressed significantly more in heterogeneous cultures, indicating that ammonium transport is unaffected. Our observations conclude that aluminum accumulation and stress effects significantly decreased in heterogeneous cultures when compared with homogenous cultures.Item Mutational enhancement of Aspergillus niger Tiegh. for higher cellulase production comparable to Trichoderma species in solid-state fermentation(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-06) Singh, H; Janiyani, K; Gangawane, A.The present study aimed to obtain a fungal isolate and enhance its cellulolytic activity through various mutational techniques, focusing on achieving results comparable to those obtained from extensively researched isolates of Trichoderma sp. An Aspergillus niger Tiegh. strain was obtained from environmental samples collected in Vadodara, Gujarat, and its cellulolytic-enzyme production was assessed and found to be akin to Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma reesei. Utilizing rice straw in solid-state fermentation (SSF), this research evaluated optimal conditions for enzyme activity at diverse pH and temperatures for both wild-type and mutant strains modified employing NTG (Methylnitronitrosoguanidine), EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulphonate), and UV radiation treatments. NTG-induced mutations significantly enhanced enzyme yields, particularly at pH 5 and 27°C. The NTG-treated A. niger mutants exhibited remarkable increases in endoglucanase activity, achieving 30.36 Units/mL, which corresponds to an increase of 22.91 Units/mL (4.12-fold) compared to the untreated strain. Similarly, T. viride and T. reesei showed significant increases to 29.18 and 25.58 Units/mL, respectively. Also, A. niger NTG-treated mutants showed avicelase activity of 245.73 ± 14.9 Units/mLat pH 5 and 27°C, compared to untreated strains with 85.62 Units/mL, representing a 2.43-fold increase. Moreover, the addition of cellulose significantly boosted enzymatic activity, increasing endoglucanase activity in A. niger from 4.76 Units/mL to 6.29 Units/mL.The findings of this study highlight the capacity of NTG-mutagenesis to enhance the production of cellulase. This opens up encouraging prospects for optimizing the utilization of enzymes in industrial settings and promoting sustainable waste management via bioconversion technologies.Item Bioconversion of brewer’s rice into ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae using commercial amylases(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-06) Banoth, C; Bhukya, B.This study proposes a circular economy strategy for turning brewer’s rice, a cheap byproduct of the rice milling sector, into ethanol. The liquefied starch polymer is employed with alpha-amylase and then followed by gluco- amylase to act on, which resulted in 81%–94% hydrolysis by single digestion primarily. In the second approach called double digestion, both the alpha-Amylase and Gluco-Amylase were added in a single step which resulted in 52%–72% hydrolysis. When comparing S1 and S2 enzymes, S1 has led to 20%–22% more saccharification than S2. The glucose thus formed was optimally utilized (95%–98%) by two yeast strains OBC14 and NCIM3640. The percentage of glucose utilization was 96% and 99% for 24 and 36 hours, respectively. The fermentation efficiency of NCIM 3640 (GSR) strain showed an ethanol yield of 89% which resulted in 40.72 g/l with 0.45 g/g when employed with S1 and 96% with S2 which resulted in 34.59 g/l ethanol with 0.4 g/g. The fermentation efficiency of OBC14 strain showed an ethanol yield of 98% efficiency with 30.75 g/l, 0.50 g/g using S1, and 96% which resulted in 25.25 g/l with 0.49 g/g when employed with S2.Item Multivariate ecological assessment of ten Indigenous IUCN threatened and near threatened freshwater fishes from South-West Regions of West Bengal, India(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-06) Chini, DS; Mondal, N; Singh, S; Ghosh, P; Patra, P; Mandal, B; Ghorai, SK; Bisai, D; Patra, BC.The freshwater fish diversity is significant in the food chain and is a nutrient source. Our study sites are home to diversified freshwater fishes due to their varied geography. For the first time, length–weight relationships of ten Indigenous International Union for Conservation of Nature-threatened fish species (were collected from the different sites from November 2019 to December 2022 in 3-month intervals. There were various types of nets with varying sizes of mesh, including gill net (0.5 to 4 cm), scoop net (0.3 × 0.3 to 0.5 × 0.5 cm), and cast net (up to 1 × 1 cm in a mesh up to 3.0 m2 coverage). The “b” values range from 2.615 (Wallago attu) to 3.287 (Channa orientalis), and the correlation coefficient (r2) is ?0.90. In contrast, native fishes have negative allometric growth, and the condition factor (Kn) of these species’ ranges (mean value ±SD) from 0.138 ± 0.04 (Anguilla bengalensis) to 0.793 ± 0.09 (Clarius magur). A new TLmax of Parambassis lala has been found (4.2 cm). Depending on the species available in this region, the species distribution modeling and non-metric dimensional scaling have been prepared, which will help build an area-specific conservation policy to restore the vulnerability. We also established a conservation strategy to develop sustainable fishery management guidelines based on the results.Item Plant growth-promoting potential of Diaporthe osmanthi COFS1, an endophyte of Coleus forskohlii(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-06) Dutta, R; Banerjee, D.Fungal endophytes are beneficial plant counterparts and potent producers of bioactive plant growth-promoting metabolites. This study focuses on the isolation and screening of fungal endophytes with strong plant growth- promoting activities from the ethnomedicinal plant Coleus forskohlii (Willd.), Briq., collected from West Bengal, India, and characterization of the cell-free culture extracts. Out of the 13 major isolates, Diaporthe osmanthi COFS1 is the most effective producer of Indole acetic acid (31.72 ± 0.04 ?g ml-1), and also synthesized ammonia, siderophore, and solubilized phosphate (31.40 ± 0.28 ?g ml-1). The Indole-3-acetic acid production was confirmed by UV-VIS, TLC, FTIR, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, HRMS, and H1-nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed putative PGP metabolites, including phenylethyl alcohol, 1-methylene-1H-indene, Indole-3-acetic acid, tryptophol, Indole-6-carboxaldehyde, and 2H-1-Benzopyran-2- one. The maximum IAA production was observed in Czapek Dox Broth (CDB) amended with 0.5 mg ml-1 of L-tryptophan, pH 6.5, 30 g l-1 sucrose, on the seventh day of the incubation period. The plant growth-promoting effects of fungal metabolites on the in vivo growth of Triticum aestivum L was evaluated. The application of 50% fungal extract resulted in a significant increase in the overall growth attributes compared with the uninoculated control plants, indicating its potential as a strong plant growth promoter.Item An overview of ichthyofaunal diversity in Nun River: A preliminary survey(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-06) Radha; Singh, D; Rana, D; Chaudhary, D; Bisht, N; Ch, Sangma, T; Rana, JS; Chauhan, P; Singh, S.This study aims to investigate and document the ichthyofaunal diversity of the Nun River, a previously unexplored tributary of the River Tons in the District of Dehradun, to assess its ichthyofaunal diversity and identify potential conservation needs. Fish samples were collected from several sampling locations with the help of local fishermen, who are regularly engage in fishing activities at these locations, using a variety of fishing nets (mesh size: 20–40 mm) and traditional equipment. However, some fish were also procured from the local fishermen at different sampling sites. Over the course of the study period (August 2022?April 2023), the fish fauna of the Nun River was investigated. Overall, a total of 12 species belonging to 4 orders, 6 families, and 12 genera were recorded. Several anthropogenic stressors such as pollution from agricultural sources, human settlements, and sewage cause severe threats to the fish fauna and aquatic diversity of rivers. Nun River has not been explored earlier for its fish fauna. This is the first attempt made to explore the fish faunal diversity of Nun River. Since this small study area is rich in aquatic faunal diversity, hence its conservation must be given priority.Item Effects of abiotic and biotic stresses on antagonistic activities of symbiotic bacterial strains isolated from Adenosma bracteosum(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-06) Nguyen, TD; Duong, HN; Nguyen, PT; Pham, TT; Nguyen, HH; Nguyen, TP; Nguyen, HT.Adenosma bracteosum Bonati has been widely used in traditional and modern Vietnamese medicine for treating hepatitis and lung diseases. Endophytic bacteria, which reside within the cells of medicinal plants, play a vital role in enhancing host plant growth and survival through the production of unique secondary metabolites. These metabolites are significant for both fundamental and applied research, particularly in sustainable agriculture. This study identified the Bacillus velezensis strain SB1R13.2, isolated from A. bracteosum, as a producer of extracellular antibacterial compounds when exposed to pathogenic bacteria. However, abiotic factors such as culture medium composition, pH, and temperature did not induce similar production in this strain. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the cell-free extract identified at least eight compounds, including putative antibacterial agents. These findings highlight the potential of strain SB1R13.2 as a promising antibacterial agent, offering resistance against diverse pathogens. These results highlight the potential of B. velezensis SB1R13.2 as a valuable source of antibacterial compounds, with potential applications in combating a broad range of pathogenic bacteria and advancing both medical therapies and sustainable agricultural practices.Item Optimized protocol for high-efficiency micropropagation of banana varieties G9 and Malbhog(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-06) Kumari, A; Kumar, VB.This research focuses on developing and improving micropropagation techniques for banana shoot tip culture, specifically aimed at enhancing cultivar production. Micropropagation allows for the rapid propagation of plants by cultivating small shoot sections in a controlled laboratory environment. The study investigates various factors, including media compositions, growth regulators, sterilization techniques, and environmental conditions, to optimize the success rate and efficiency of banana shoot tip culture. This work focused on two widely grown banana varieties in Bihar, India—G9 and Malbhog. Researchers adapted the standard Murashige and Skoog basal medium by adding carefully measured concentrations of plant growth regulators. This optimized approach was used to initiate shoot development, promote multiplication, and enhance root formation in the banana plantlets. The protocol also included an effective acclimatization and hardening process using a potting mix of soil. This optimized method resulted in high shoot proliferation rates. The findings contribute to advancing banana cultivar propagation techniques, supporting agricultural efforts to meet the growing demand for bananas, and facilitating the large-scale production of quality banana plants with desirable traits.Item Gumghatti-based composite coating improves postharvest quality and nutritional value of black plums(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-02) Rao, TVR; Dave, PK; Payal, A; Pandya, JB; Patel, PR; Pareek, N.Functional materials, along with plasticizers, surfactants, and other additives, dissolved in the right proportions in : various solvents form edible coatings play a significant role in the extension of fresh produce’s shelf-life. The aim of the study was to improve the quality of black plum during storage (Prunus salicina Lindl.) using gumghatti and lipid-based composite edible coatings. Different concentrations of gumghatti in combination with oils (coconut oil, jojoba oil, and chamomile oil) were coated onto plum fruits and stored at a temperature of 24 ± 5°C for 16 days. The physicochemical and biochemical changes occurring during the ripening of treated and untreated black plums were analyzed. Untreated plum fruits exhibited higher activity of cell wall softening enzymes compared with those treated with gumghatti alone and other formulations. Fruits treated with gumghatti and chamomile oil retained firmness better (6 lb) throughout the storage period. Treatment of plums with gumghatti in combination with chamomile oil and jojoba oil showed a significant impact on the retention of bioactive compounds like antioxidants, ascorbic acid, phenols, and anthocyanins. The findings offer suggestions for an economical and convenient alternative to maintain the keeping quality of black plum fruits stored at room temperature.Item Quorum quenching of virulence traits expression in human and plant pathogens by Isoxazolone and its molecular docking studies(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-06) Salkar, KS; Charya, LS; Naik, MM; Kadam, HK; Chari, V.Inhibiting quorum sensing (QS) to hinder extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production and biofilm formation in pathogenic bacteria was studied as an efficient alternative for controlling the infections caused by multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. In the present study, the isoxazolone derivative (4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)- 3-methylisoxazol-5(4H)-one) was tested for its ability to inhibit EPS production and biofilm formation in human as well as plant pathogenic bacteria. The binding affinity of the derivative to the quorum sensing regulatory proteins (AgrA and LasR) was investigated by carrying out molecular docking studies. The derivative was capable of substantially inhibiting EPS production and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Erwinia carotovora, and Ralstonia solanacearum at subinhibitory concentrations. Furthermore, molecular docking studies confirmed our results with notable binding affinity ?7.5 kcal/mol to transcriptional activator protein LasR and binding affinity ?6.8 kcal/mol to AgrA (transcription factor), both controlling expression of virulence factors in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. This is a first report that proves that isoxazolone derivatives have quorum quenching potential (QQ) against both human and plant pathogens, which can be applied in medical and agricultural fields.Item Studies on component of genetic variance, combining ability and heterotic response for yield and yield components in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-06) Bubuche, TS; Shrivastav, SP.The research was conducted at three locations during the Rabi seasons of 2022–2023 and 2023–2024 with the objective of finding out the effects of general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and heterotic response on various yield and yield component traits in wheat. In Phase I, 45 hybrids were generated through the hybridization of 15 lines with three testers. Phase II involved the use of a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, and the data were analyzed statistically. The best lines with high GCA were DH-3086, PBW- 757, and tester PBW ZN1. Thus, GCA results can be used to improve yield; parent selection, and broad adaptability. High estimates of SCA were found in genotypes PBW-677 × PBW-343, PBW-822 × PBW ZN1 as well as DH-3086 × PBW-343 in traits such as grain yield/plant, harvest index, and spike length. This indicates that SCA results can be used for the identification of best crosses. Heterosis for better parent and standard varieties was identified (best genotypes were PBW-822 × PBW ZN1 and DH-3086 × PBW ZN1) that can be used for exploitation of heterosis for wheat improvement. Thus, research provides valuable insights into inheritance patterns for yield-related traits that underpin the development of advanced breeding techniques, including hybrid breeding and selection of superior parents that aimed at improving wheat production to ensure resilience against environmental stresses.Item Optimizing growth and pigment content of promising green microalgae and application of living microalgal cells as a sole practical diet for white shrimp larvae(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-06) Khumngern, T; Cheirsilp, B; Maneechote, W; Srinuanpan, S.Microalgae are promising feed sources for aquaculture species as they contain high levels of pigments, which can help develop proper coloration. This study aimed to economically produce living microalgal cells and apply them as practical diets for white shrimp larvae. Among the strains screened, a halotolerant Chlorella sp. SHP isolated from shrimp culture pond was selected, as it contains the highest chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of 11.14 ± 1.15 and 4.89 ± 0.21 mg/g-cell, respectively. To reduce production costs, cheap fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) was utilized as a nutrient source for microalgae cultivation. The optimal ratio of NPK fertilizer for microalgae cultivation was 1:0.25:0.25. Optimization using response surface methodology revealed that the optimal nitrogen and salt concentrations were 1.75 g/l and 1%, respectively. The optimal light intensity was 3,000 lux. The maximum microalgal biomass obtained was 1.45 ± 0.01 g/l with improved chlorophyll and carotenoid contents up to 24.51 ± 0.03 and 11.29 ± 0.28 mg/g-cell, respectively. Scaling up the process in an 8-l tank photobioreactor with the optimal aeration rate of 0.1 air volume per liquid volume per min (vvm) increased the biomass production up to 1.72 ± 0.06 g/l. The use of living microalgal cells as a practical diet for shrimp larvae not only improved the color of the shrimp but also increased dissolved oxygen and reduced sediments in the shrimp culture pond. These strategies may contribute greatly to the aquaculture sector as they are cost-effective and can help promote ecosystem balance and minimize waste.Item The influence of light-emitting diodes and sulfur–silica on the growth, yield, and biochemical content in lettuce Influence of LEDs and sulfur–silica on lettuce(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-06) Slameto; Fahrudin, DE; Asetya, DR; Saputra, MW; Baek, N-Y; Shin, C-W; Lee, D-K; Kang, W-W.Soilless cultivation with artificial lighting has the potential to augment vegetable crop production, particularly lettuce, but yields are lower compared to natural sunlight, especially in monochromatic light technologies. Research suggests that color blending with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can enhance production, yet many overlook the importance of nutrient management. The use of sulfur–silica fertilizer, known for enhancing plant growth in low-light stress conditions, supports this assertion. The study employed a randomized complete block design with two factors, each repeated four times. The treatments included three LED light colors: white LED (L1), blue LED (L2), and red LED (L3). Two fertilizer treatments were applied: absence of sulfur–silica fertilizer (P1) and presence of sulfur–silica fertilizer (P2). The study finds that optimal growth of lettuce plants is achieved through the utilization of both red and white LED lights, with red LED yielding the highest fresh leaf weight. The red LED treatments outperform other LED colors in terms of protein, carbohydrate, and total energy production. Introducing sulfur–silica fertilizer can promote superior lettuce growth, albeit at the cost of reduced fresh leaf weight. The application of sulfur–silica fertilizer leads to decreased protein and carbohydrate levels but enhances the overall energy content of the lettuce.Item Rhizobium as a potential biofertilizer and its quality control analysis for sustainable agriculture(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-06) Bahuguna, V; Matura, R; Farswan, AS; Naqvi, SS; Sharma, N; Chaudhary, M.Biofertilizer can be defined as bioformulation containing living organisms. They are known to play a similar role as chemical fertilizers resulting in increased soil fertility and crop production. The application of chemical fertilizer causes massive harm to the environment thus focus of various stakeholders is on alternatives and biofertilizer is one of them. The quality of biofertilizer is most important for its end-user and has to be monitored at various stages. One such biofertilizer is Rhizobium of the Rhizobiaceae family which infects the root nodules of leguminous plants and reduces atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia to make it available for the plants. The shelf-life studies of Rhizobium containing biofertilizer are important to track the quality of formulated biofertilizer. There are several methods to find the shelf life but the most suitable are the serial dilution and plating method. The viability of cells within the biofertilizer can be determined by the colony-forming unit count of the plate at different time intervals. The quality checks on Rhizobium biofertilizer include pre-culture test, broth test, and peat test. This review highlights the application and benefits of Rhizobium as a biofertilizer.Item Screening and optimization of high-efficiency H2-producing Chlorella strains(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-06) Supakriangkrai, T; Phunpruch, S.Hydrogen (H2) is a promising clean energy carrier that can be produced from green algae. By screening H2-producing Chlorella species, Chlorella sp. ChiW1, isolated from a rice paddy field in Chai Nat province, Thailand, exhibited the highest H2 production rate and yield. The mid-logarithmic phase cells of Chlorella sp. ChiW1 demonstrated the highest H2 production. Nitrogen deprivation doubled the H2 production compared to normal conditions, due to increased hydrogenase activity resulting from reduced O2 evolution. Furthermore, a high concentration of acetic acid in Tris-acetate phosphate medium, combined with increased light intensity, significantly enhanced H2 production. Under optimal conditions, nitrogen-deprived Chlorella sp. ChiW achieved a maximum H2 production rate of 31.28 ± 1.73 ?mol H2 mg chl?1 h?1 and a total H2 production yield of 925.32 ± 19.95 ?mol H2 mg chl?1 after 96 hours of light anaerobic incubation. Compared to other reported Chlorella strains, Chlorella sp. ChiW exhibited significantly higher H2 production, underscoring its potential for efficient biohydrogen production.Item Expression of late blight resistance gene markers in potato varieties and wild Solanum species(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-06) Sokolova, E; Beketova, M; Kazakov, O; Martynov, V.DNA markers are increasingly used in potato breeding for resistance to late blight. Such markers are generally based on polymerase chain reaction amplification of sequences of resistance genes introduced into cultivated potato varieties from wild tuber-bearing Solanum species. However, if nonfunctional homologues of resistance genes are being revealed with DNA markers, there will be no association between plant resistance and the occurrence/ absence of these markers. In order to increase the reliability of such DNA markers, it would be desirable to test the functionality of the genetic targets used to develop these markers. It makes sense to begin testing functionality by assessing the expression of these genetic targets, because the absence of expression will clearly indicate the absence of function, and this, in turn, will make it possible to immediately reject markers of inactive homologues of resistance (R) genes. The present study is dedicated to the examination of expression of 10 R genes: R1, R2, Rpi- blb3, R3a, R3b, Rpi-blb1, Rpi-sto1, Rpi-blb2, Rpi-vnt1.3, and Rpi-chc1, detected using 11 sequence-characterized amplified region markers of these genes in wild Solanum species and potato cultivars. As a result of this study, most markers were shown to be associated with expressed R genes, and these markers can be recommended for further use in marker-assisted selection for resistance to late blight. On the other hand, the revealed homologues of the R3a and Rpi-blb2 genes seem to be inactive outside the species in which these genes were originally discovered, and the Rpi-sto1 gene has both expressed and non-expressed variants.Item Antifungal potential of Streptomyces sp. CNXK31.2 against strawberry leaf spot pathogen Mucor sp. MD7(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-06) Nguyen, NA; Quach, BBT; Nguyen, HTD; Pham, TV.Control of fungal plant diseases using antagonistic microorganisms is a promising strategy. This study aimed to identify and characterize an antagonistic microorganism effective against Mucor sp. MD7, a newly confirmed causative agent of leaf spot disease in strawberry in Da Lat, Vietnam. Koch’s postulate was used to confirm Mucor sp. MD7 as the causative agent. Antifungal activity screening was conducted through co-culture of 30 actinomycete strains with Mucor sp. MD7. The most potent strain was identified using macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, and 16S rRNA sequencing. Enzyme production, antifungal activity under various conditions, and in situ tests on strawberry leaves were performed to evaluate the antagonistic potential. Eighteen out of 30 tested actinomycete strains showed antagonistic activity, with Actinomycete CNXK31.2 being the most potent. This strain was identified as Streptomyces sp. CNXK31.2, showing 100% identity to Streptomyces fungicidicus. It produced chitinase, protease, and cellulase, causing swelling and degradation of Mucor sp. MD7 mycelia. The culture supernatant maintained antifungal activity at up to 80°C and pH 3.0–10.0. In situ tests demonstrated effective control of leaf spot disease. The findings of this study not only highlight the potential of Streptomyces sp. CNXK31.2 as an effective biocontrol agent but also contribute to achieving sustainable development objectives by promoting eco-friendly agricultural practices, safeguarding biodiversity, and enhancing food security.Item Improvement of sweet corn resistance to northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) and downy mildew (DM) through breeding program in Thailand(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2025-06) Mongkol, W; Jompuk, C; Jompuk, P; Laosatit, K; Bunkoed, W; Phruetthithep, C; Kerdsri, C.This study aimed to improve the resistance to two major sweet corn diseases in Thailand: northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) and downy mildew (DM). Two sweet corn lines resistant to NCLB (PopHX75C1 and PopCH66C1) were crossed with two waxy corn inbred lines resistant to DM (F4305 and AGWX001) resulting in two hybrid groups: PopHX75C1 × F4305 (group X) and PopCH66C1 × AGWX001 (group C). Self-pollinated progenies from these groups were selected for resistance to both NCLB and DM and further self-pollinated to advanced generations. Disease resistance was evaluated under natural and artificial infection conditions. In the S6 generation, the 14 selected hybrids were assessed for ear yield and agronomic traits. Nine parental lines resisted both NCLB and DM, with the hybrid X3 × C6 demonstrating the highest ear yield of 14.67 tons ha?1. This hybrid also exhibited good eating quality and agronomic characteristics comparable to those of commercial varieties, with a 19% infection rate for NCLB and 7% for DM—lower than those of the commercial hybrids. These results indicate that the selected sweet corn lines with dual resistance to NCLB and DM have the potential as valuable parental lines for future breeding programs. These lines can be used to develop high-yield, disease-resistant hybrids, thereby improving the sustainability and productivity of sweet corn cultivation in Thailand.