Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology

Permanent URI for this collection

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/158071

Editor-in-Chief: Dr Rachna Goswami
ISSN: 2347-212x

Frequency: Bimonthly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.jabonline.in/

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 516

In vitro propagation of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) and assessment of genetic fidelity using random amplified polymorphic DNA and intersimple sequence repeat molecular markers
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-01) Yadav, Anita; Kothari, S L; Kachhwaha, Sumita; Joshi, Anuja
A well-organized micropropagation protocol has been designed for Salvia hispanica L., which bears high nutritional and medicinal value. Seeds of S. hispanica L. were germinated aseptically on half strength MS medium. Nodal explants obtained from in vitro germinated seedling were cultured on MS medium fortified with 6-benzyladenine (BAP) (1–5 mg/l) or Kinetin (Kin) (1–5 mg/l) individually or with α-naphthalene acetic acid (0.1–1 mg/l) and indole3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.1–1 mg/l) for clonal propagation. It was observed that maximum amount of shoots per explant (9.02 ± 2.65) was achieved on culture medium fortified with 3 mg/l BAP which was also optimum for subculturing of the regenerated shoots. Rooting was achieved on medium supplemented with 1 mg/l IBA. The rooted plantlets were acclimatized and transferred to field conditions, with 75% survival rate. Genetic fidelity studies were carried out on regenerated plantlets by 30 random amplified polymorphic DNA and 10 intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) as molecular markers
A review on biological activities of Gelam honey
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-01) Syed, Ahmad Tajudin Tuan Johari; Fatimah, Hashim; Wan, Iryani Wan Ismail; Abdul, Manaf Ali
Honey has been extensively researched on their chemical and biological properties. It’s revealed the ability and capability of honey in treating or preventing many diseases. As people concerned, a safer approach using natural based product is critically needed and honey as one of the potential agent to be consider. Therefore, the information on its biological activities has to be clarify to make society understand the benefit of honey especially Gelam honey.
Bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri: A novel application for PSP quantification
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-01) Blaghen, Mohamed; Abakar, Abdel-hamid Abdallah
Paralytic Shellfish Poison (PSP) are the most harmful neurotoxins create a serious public health problem. It is important to assess PSP in Shellfish destined for human consumption. However, recommended methods have some limitations for example in the case of Mouse Bioassay (MBA) showed a low sensitivity and reproducibility, and undesirability for ethical reasons; while physico-chemical techniques rest expensive and time-consuming. The main objective of this study, after discovered that PSP inhibited the luminescence of Vibrio fischeri, was the quantification of PSP by using Bioluminescence Inhibition Assay (BIA), and comparing the results obtained with those determined by MBA and LC-MS. Bivalve used were collected from Corniche Martil, Kabila and Oued Laou, along the Mediterranean coast of Morocco in Mars-2015. Results showed a weak correlation between LC-MS and MBA with r = 0.11, while, the correlation between LC-MS and BIA was very strong with r = 0.97, which suggests that, BIA could offer an interesting additional assessment of PSP risk. In addition, after seen its rapidity, ease, reliability, sensitivity, reproducibility and cost effectiveness, it would be eligible to use for monitoring in surveillance programs.
Effect of Estradiol-17ß on Embryonic Tolerance, Growth, and Muscular compactness of Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-01) Pakdeenarong, Noppakun
Effects of estradiol-17β on the giant freshwater prawn were observed in case of the embryonic tolerance, growth, development, survival rate, yolk adsorption, eye appearance, and muscular compactness. The methods were designed in two steps; those were the tolerance and the growth. In the two hours after spawning, embryos were immersed in 10, 50, 100, or 150 µg/ml estradiol-17β solution for two days, and the controls were treated with 15% artificial seawater. The tolerance was monitored in a separate experiment; they were immersed in 10, 50, 100, or 150 µg/ml estradiol-17β solutions showed that the mortality rate at 150 µg/ml estradiol-17β was 31.66%. The growth represented by yolk adsorption, hatching rate, and eye appearance. The results showed that the eyes appeared earlier than those of the controls. The survival rates were investigated in other experiments. The results showed that the highest survival rate was 48.16%, observed in the 50 µg/ml estradiol-17β treatment. Therefore, estradiol might accelerate the growth as indicated by the number of days for eye appearance being shorter period than in the control treatment. The eyes of the embryos treated with 50, 100, and 150 µg/ml estradiol-17β appeared on day 10, whereas those in the control were observed on day 16. Hatching rate was tending to high in 150 µg/ml estradiol-17β but those were not significance with the control. Yolk adsorption was found in treated embryo rather than those of the controls. The pattern of yolk cluster distribution was differing from the control. The muscle tissue was observed on day 20 after the histological process. The results showed that the bundles muscle cells were more compactness and were larger, denser, and stronger with increasing concentrations of estradiol-17β than that the controls. Therefore, estradiol-17β should be applied to stimulate growth and might be introduced with the feed to the prawn industry and manufacturing
Computational-based approaches in epigenetic research: Insights from computational tools, mathematical models, and machine learning methods
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-01) Ghorbani, Roghayeh; Reza, Shokri-Gharelo
Understudying epigenetics underlying mechanisms is essential. Studies have indicated functional roles of epigenetic events, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, in human disease, stem cell growth and development, aging, response to environmental stresses, and species evolution. High-throughput sequencing techniques alongside routine experimental approaches have rapidly produced a bulk of data that the major part of them remained unprocessed. To analyze, interpret, and process of these data, availability of efficient computational methods is critical. Epigenetic data analysis is complex and difficult because these data contain a multi-layer set of information. The methods implemented for this purpose must be able to handle massive data of experimental works and process the epigenetic layers. Furthermore, the methods must be capable of integrating multiple modifications and their combination effects on chromatin conformational structure and consequently the expression network of genes. In this study, we briefly reviewed challenges in the way of the computational epigenetics, the latest reported methods, and significant biological results derived from applying computational-based methods on epigenetic data.
Purification and characterization of tannase from the local isolate of Aspergillus niger
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-01) Al-Mraai, Saja Taha Yaseen; Dhia, Falih Al-Fekaiki; Alaa, Jabbar Abd Al-Manhel
Fungi of genus Aspergillus are active producers of extracellular tannase, and characteristics of enzyme production by local Aspergillus species have been well studied. The aim of this experimental study is isolation and partial purification of tannase enzyme from the Aspergillus niger fungus species. The purification was achieved by applying respectively ammonium sulfate (50-70%), dialysis with a specific activity 1227.08 (unit/mg protein), then passed the enzymatic extract through superdex 200 column in the gel filtration chromatography by using ÄKTA Pure 25 apparatus, the activity and the specific activity reached to 525.12 (unit/ml) and 2917.33 (unit/mg protein) respectively, with purification fold of 11.629 and yield 18.40%. One peak was obtained from an enzyme purity, which diagnosed by the absence of denaturation substances for protein SDS. Characteristics of pure enzyme showed that the molecular weight of the pure enzyme was determined, and it was found that the weight of enzyme was 95.49 KDa by using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the enzyme was active in pH range 3 to 6 and temperature of 20 to 50°C. The optimum pH and the temperature for tannase activity were recorded to be pH 5 and 35°C, respectively. Moreover, the tannase activity was inhibited by Cu, Fe and Hg ions while increased by Mg and K ions when added at 1 and 5 mM
Morphological Trait, Molecular Genetic Evidence and Proteomic Determination of Different Chickens (Gallus gallus) Breeds
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-01) Likittrakulwong, Wirot; Pisit, Poolprasert; Sittiruk, Roytrakul
The phenotypic characterization, genetic variation and proteomic analysis of three main male chicken (Gallus gallus) breeds were investigated. These included hybrid red jungle fowl with the native chicken breed (KaiTor), white tail yellow chicken (WTYC) and commercial layer hen (HL). A phenetic analysis found that two major clades were observed in which the first two clades of Kai-Tor (clade A) and HL (clade B) were related. Meanwhile, WTYC was distinctly separated from the others. In terms of genetic diversity, three haplotypes were observed with 0.343 ± 0.097 of haplotypes diversity (Hd). The nucleotide diversity (Pi) of all samples was 0.00057 which conformed to low genetic diversity. In terms of protein characterization, two potential protein biomarkers were found in Kai-Tor serum samples namely 1) ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX34 (DHX34; Accession number: XP_015128539.1) and 2) histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETDB1 isoform X6 (SETDB1; Accession number: XP_015135538.1). Only one biomarker peptide was detected in HL (Cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase; CDC7; Accession number: XP_422347.5) as well as in WTYC (Bloom syndrome protein; BLM; Accession number: Q9I920).
Effect of different culture media on growth of Chlorella sorokiniana and the influence of microalgal effluents on the germination of lettuce seeds
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-01) Ribeiro, Dagon Manoel; Zanetti, Géssica Tais; Maria, Heloisa Moreno Julião; Tathiana, Elisa Masetto; Jane, Mary Lafayette Neves Gelinski; Gustavo, Graciano Fonseca
Increased use of microalgae as food additives, biofuels, pharmaceuticals and in waste treatment increases effluent production. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different culture media on growth of Chlorella sorokiniana and the influence of the cultural refuse on seed germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The microalga was grown in different media for 27 days. The maximum specific growth rate (µmax) during mixotrophic growth phase was obtained in the novel medium composed of 50% NPK medium and 50% Bold Basal medium supplemented with glucose (1 g L-1). Cell proliferation in Bold Basal and NPK media presented a very close µmax values, indicating that NPK may be a good option for low-cost microalgal production. The effluents from the microalgal culture failed to induce any marked variation in the germination of lettuce seeds. This clearly shows that the microalgal effluent does not cause any toxicity to germinating lettuce seeds. Thus C. sorokiniana cultivation combined with horticulture can be utilized as a feasible productive integrated system.
Comparative analysis of metagenomic DNA extraction methods from gut microbiota of zebrafish (Danio rerio) for downstream next-generation sequencing
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-01) D'Rose, Venetia; Johny, Tina Kollannoor; Bhat, Sarita
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) being a well-established model system can provide significant understanding about interactions between gut microbiota and host system. Gut bacterial diversity may be unraveled only by analyzing metagenomic DNA from diverse higher organisms which helps to identify gut microbes beneficial to the host. Isolation and standardization of metagenomic DNA from zebrafish gut are an inconsequential, but demanding process, as most microbes in the gastrointestinal tract are unculturable. A variety of commercial kits and modified protocols is used for bacterial metagenomic DNA extraction. However, only few methods are reported for the effective isolation of community DNA from zebrafish. The present work portrays an augmented method for gut metagenomic DNA isolation from zebrafish gut, focused on obtaining effective yield and purity. Three methods using kit were evaluated, of which the modified kit method was an affordable and feasible method for isolation of metagenomic DNA from zebrafish. The modified protocol can be used for isolating quality DNA which is an important parameter for downstream applications such as polymerase chain reaction, cloning, next-generation sequencing, and others.
A study of endophytic fungi Neofusicoccum ribis from Gandaria (Bouea macrophylla Griffith) as enzyme inhibitor, antibacterial, and antioxidant
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-01) Anindyawati, Trisanti; Praptiwi
This study aims to evaluate the potential of endophytic fungi isolated from Gandaria (Bouea macrophylla Griffith) as sources of enzyme inhibitor, antibacterial, and antioxidant and identify the chemical compounds of active extract. The endophytic fungi were identified as fungi closely related to the genus Neofusicoccum ribis based on sequence analysis of the 28S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer region. N. ribis was cultured on potato dextrose broth and extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and partition between methanol and ethyl acetate, respectively. Bioactivity screenings as enzyme inhibitor (acetylcholinesterase/acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChE) and β-glucosidase), antibacterial, and antioxidant were conducted by thin-layer chromatography-bioautography method. The chemical compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the ethyl acetate extract of N. ribis had the activity as enzyme inhibitor for AChE and β-glucosidase. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of N. ribis extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were in the range of 512–>512 µg/mL. Hexane extract had better antioxidant activity (IC50 = 479.66 µg/mL) than ethyl acetate extract (IC50 = 928.09–1102.60 µ g/mL). The GC-MS analysis showed that 12 identified chemical compounds were found in the ethyl acetate extract of N. ribis.
Rapid Multiplication Technique for Production of High-Quality Seed Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Tubers
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-01) Awati, Ravindra; Bhattacharya, Anjanabha; Char, Bharat
Potato farmers in India and other developing countries lack timely availability of healthy and good quality potato seed tubers. This is mainly due to conventional seed multiplication techniques which, has suffered inherently from low multiplication rates. The soil medium is generally used for seed tuber production. In order to overcome bottlenecks, a study was conducted to evaluate mini-tuber production potential for selected baskets of potato varieties in different soil-less solid media types compared with soil as a control. Soil-less media technique would also assist in planning for economical and rapid seed multiplication program, along with pathogen-free seed tubers, which will increase production of good quality reliable seed material in the country. This will finally ensure increased productivity of potato crop. With these objectives, an experiment was conducted during the years, 2015–2016 and 2016–2017. Three different soil-less solid propagation media (kalpeat plus, soilrite mix and soilrite mix TC) were tested against control (soil:sand 3:1); for five different varieties (1001, 1002, 1003, 1004 and 1005). Plantlets grown on soilrite mix performed better with higher mini-tuber yield of 548.58 gm/ container (1/2 m²), while for other propagation media, 283.39 gm/container (1/2 m²), 96.08 gm/container (1/2 m²), and 52.61 gm/container (1/2 m²) respectively, were observed for kalpeat plus, soilrite mix TC and control (soil:sand 3:1). Among the varieties tested, viz., 1005 and 1004 produced maximum mini-tubers, between 9 tubers/plant and 5 tubers/plant respectively. Soilrite mix increased the number and size of mini-tubers. Thus, this study concluded that soil-less solid media induced seed potato multiplication is better than traditional soil-based techniques
Consequence of chromium-tainted soil on physical and biochemical responses of Vigna radiata L.
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-01) Rath, Bibhu Prasad; Hota, Sujata; Subhadarshini, Subhra; Dash, Debasis; Das, Prabhu Kaibalya
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is one of the important leguminous plants of India, with shorter growing season. In this work, the intention was to correlate the effects of chromium on physical and biochemical responses of V. radiata L. Mung bean seeds were germinated and grown under controlled treatment, with different concentrations of waste soil mixed with garden soil. Physical parameters such as shoot length, root length, and fresh weight were found highest in control soil and 25% of contaminated soil, whereas 50% and pure contaminated soil showed poor growth stage and poor quality physical parameters. Biochemical parameters such as total chlorophyll content, protein content, and starch content were found highest in control soil and 25% contaminated soil, but these parameters were found to be less in 50% and pure contaminated soil. It was observed that physical and chemical parameters were declining with increasing chromium contamination.
Influence of silver nitrate and glutamine on in vitro organogenesis of Lota Bhot (Capsicum chinense Jacq.), an indigenous pungent pepper variety of Assam
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-01) Bora, Geetashree; Gogoi, Hemanta Kumar; Handique, Pratap Jyoti
Northeast India including Assam is one of the richest centers of pepper diversity. Chilli peppers are valued commercially owing to their pungency ingredient, capsaicin. Capsicum chinense variety Lota Bhot is an extremely pungent chilli pepper indigenous to Assam with tremendous potential for pharmaceutical applications. An attempt was made to standardize an efficient micropropagation protocol using silver nitrate (AgNO3 ) and glutamine as the key components alongside other plant hormones. In vitro propagation was carried out with seed and shoot tip explants. MS medium supplemented with different combinations of plant growth hormones (BAP, GA3 , NAA, and IBA), fortified with AgNO3 and glutamine was used for regeneration of Lota Bhot. Addition of AgNO3 and glutamine into the culture medium greatly improved proliferation in selected In vitro plantlets. A maximum number of multiple shots was recorded in plantlets derived from shoot tips. The process of flower induction and fruit formation In vitro were found to be more productive when treated with AgNO3 along with GA3 . IBA generated better results in the process of root initiation than NAA. The response of shoot tip explants towards In vitro processes was better than seed explants. Sterile soil enriched with vermicompost upgraded the chances of acclimatization of In vitro raised healthy plantlets.
Molecular detection and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridium perfringens isolated from diabetic patients and bullet wounds
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-01) Hmood, Aliaa Mohamed; Maysa, S M Al-Shukri; Alaa, H Al-Charrakh
Clostridium perfringens is a major cause of gas gangrene. The morbidity of C. perfringens is connected with producing toxins. This cross-sectional study was designed to isolate, genetically diagnose, and study the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of C. perfringens isolated from clinical samples. Different wound swabs (from diabetic patients, cellulitis, and bullet wounds) were taken from 140 patients. For isolation of anaerobic bacteria, samples (in thioglycolate broth) were immediately incubated anaerobically then identified according to the cultural properties and biochemical tests. DNA was extracted from all specimens. Polymerase chain reaction was applied for detection of 16SrRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes of C. perfringens. The susceptibility of bacterial isolates to different antibiotics was determined using Vitek 2 system and disk diffusion test. Out of 140 clinical samples collected during this study, 3 (2.14%) C. perfringens isolates were recovered of which 2 isolates (1.43%) obtained from diabetic patients and one (0.71%) from bullet wounds. Results also showed that only 7 isolates (5%) were detected by a molecular method using specific primers 16S rRNA and ITS genes of C. perfringens. Results of antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that all isolates were highly susceptible to penicillins and β-lactamase inhibitors, metronidazole, and aminoglycosides. On the other hand, all isolates were highly resistant to tetracycline, levofloxacin, and erythromycin. The susceptibility patterns of C. perfringens isolates showed that all isolates were multidrug resistance. Using the amplification of ITS gene increases specificity and sensitivity (by reducing non-specific annealing and primer dimer formation) which increases the probability of detection of suspected C. perfringens isolates.
The effects of diet and temperature on enzymes, hormones, and fecundity of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-03) Waleed, Abdul-Aziz A. Al-Deghayem; Suliman, El Amin Mohamed
The aim of this study was to check the effect of multiple temperatures and various protein diet formulas on liverenzymes, gonadotropins, and growth hormone (GH) using African catfish Clarias gariepinus. C. gariepinus wasexposed to multiple temperatures (T24°C, T28°C, and T32°C) and various protein diet formulas: D1 (fishmeal-baseddiet), D2 (soymeal-based diet), and D3 (pea-meal based diet). Tilapia commercial feed (D4) was used as reference diet.A total of 720 individuals with an average weight (101–104 g) were stocked at a density of 20 individual fish per tankin 12 tanks of three replicates. Liver enzymes, gonadotropins, GH, and fish fecundity were measured after 16 weeks.The results revealed that liver enzyme like glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase was significantly (P < 0.05)lowered at T28°C: D2 diet, while glutamic pyruvic acid transaminase was lowered by T28°C: D4 diet. However,no effect was observed on creatinine (P > 0.05) at any experimental condition. Follicle-stimulating hormone andluteinizing hormone were significantly (P < 0.05) increased at T28°C: D1 diet and T32°C: D1 diet, respectively. GH wassignificantly (P < 0.05) increased by T28°C: D1. The relative weight of the ovary of C. gariepinus was significantly (P< 0.05) increase at T32°C: D1, while the testis relative weight was increased with T24°C: D3. The result from this studyrevealed that there is a direct relationship of temperature on fish fecundity, enzymes, and reproductive hormonesin C. gariepinus. The temperature of 28°C along with fishmeal or soy-meal positively improved the fecundity andhealth of fish.
Laccase production by Myrothecium gramineum and its optimization under solid state fermentation using cowpea pod as substrate
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-03) Gnanasalomi, V. Daphne Vivienne; Gnanadoss, J. Joel
The present study highlights the utilization of wastes such as cowpea outer pod generated from agro industries forlaccase production using Myrothecium gramineum LCJ177 under solid-state fermentation. Conventional methodswere used to optimize the process parameters. The classical one-factor-at-a-time method showed that the optimalstarch concentration was 1 g/L, peptone concentration was 0.5 g/L, copper sulfate concentration was 0.6 mM, andpyrogallol concentration was 0.8 mM. Likewise, the suitable physical conditions were an initial pH of five of theculture medium, the temperature of 30°C and moisture content of 60%. Utilization of dried cowpea outer pod as asubstrate reduces the pollution levels by converting agro-wastes as useful by-products.
Weeds in Gwalior and nearby regions and their medicinal properties: A case study
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-03) Kondalkar, Sapna; Kondalkar, Avinash; Kumar, Vijay; Mangal, Anupam K; Prakash, Om
Weeds are normally unwanted plants at wrong place. From the perspective of crop protection, they may have anegative effect on cultivated crop, and thus, their effective management is necessary. From a medicinal perspective,they may be useful in disease management due to their secondary metabolites, affordability, inexpensiveness,accessibility, and use by native peoples. The present study reviews the literature available on weeds of MadhyaPradesh, India (Gwalior and nearby region), with their occurrence in changing environment and reported uses indisease management. A comprehensive literature search was done to get the thorough information on the versatileweeds of Gwalior and nearby regions. Amaranthaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Asteraceae are found tobe the most prevalent families with plants to treat Prameha, Sandhi sula, Udara sula, and Tvaka roga. The reviewsummarizes the weed plants available in the area under the study with their reported uses, which could be furthervalidated scientifically and could be important from the ethnopharmacological and socioeconomic perspective. Thiscould be the best use of a waste and promote utilization of available resources for the management and treatment ofprevalent diseases in the specific area.
Surface Ultrastructure of Antenna and Distribution of Sensilla in the Leptogenys chinensis (Mayr) (Fabricus) (Formicidae: Hymenoptera)
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-03) Barsagade, Deepak D.; Nagarkar, Dewashree A.; Kirsan, Jitendra R.
Ants have a well-developed pair of antenna with sensory system used in chemical communication for sociallives. The antennae comprise of two parts scape and funiculus. Funiculus contains single segmented pediceland ten segmented flagellum. The surface micro-morphology of the antennal sensilla of Leptogenys chinensisworker showsthe presence of various types ofsensilla viz.sensilla trichodea, sensilla trichodea curvata,sensillabasiconica,sensilla coeloconica,sensilla chaetica,sensilla coelocapitular. Sensilla trichodea is distributed on allparts of the antenna. Sensilla trichodea curvata type III is typically present on flagellar segments only. Sensillabasiconica with arrowhead present on scape ball is slightly different than the sensilla basiconica with roundedhead present on the flagellar tip. Sensilla coelocapitularis observed only on the flagellar tip. On the joint ofscapeball and pedicilar shaft, three types of sensilla trichodea are present on the ball ridge while sensilla basiconicadistributed on the dorso-lateral margin of the ball..
Bioconversion of sugarcane molasses to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate) by endophytic Bacillus cereus RCL 02
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-03) Das, Rituparna; Pal, Arundhati; Paul, Amal Kanti
Sugarcane molasses, the by-product of sugar industry are rich in nutrients, growth factors and minerals and areefficiently utilized by the microorganisms for growth and production of primary as well as secondary metabolitesof commercial importance. In this communication, we report the utilization of sugarcane molasses as the solesource of carbon for the production of copolymers of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with improved materialproperties. The endophytic bacterium Bacillus cereus RCL 02 (MCC 3436) produced 7.8 g/L of PHA whengrown in MS medium with 4% (w/v) sugarcane molasses under batch cultivation. Proton nuclear magneticresonance (1H NMR) analysis revealed that the copolymer so produced contain 12.4 mol% 3-hydroxyvalerate(3HV) along with 87.6 mol% 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB). The copolyester, P(3HB-co-12.4 mol%-3HV)has been isolated and purified following standard solvent extraction method and partially characterized byFourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanningcalorimetric (DSC) analysis. The material and thermal properties of the copolyester so produced indicated itspotential for industrial application.
The effect of fresh stem juice extract of Costus afer on the cytohistomorphology of the kidney in aspirin-treated Wistar rats
(Open Science Publishers LLP, 2019-03) Idorenyin, U Umoh; AN, Aquaisua; NM, Udo
The effect of fresh stem juice extract of Costus afer on cytohistomorphology of the kidney in aspirin-treated Wistarrats was evaluated. 25 rats weighing 150–180 g used for the study were divided into five groups with five rats in eachgroup. Group 1 served as control while Group 2 was administered 150 mg/kg bw of aspirin daily for 28 days, Group 3received 67.08 mg/kg bw of the extract of C. afer for 28 days, Group 4 was administered 150 mg/kg of aspirin and67.08 mg/kg of the extract for 28 days while Group 5 was administered 150 mg/kg of aspirin for 14 days and then67.08 mg/kg of the extract for another 14 days. Kidneys were harvested for histological studies. The results revealedthat Group 1 showed normal histological features, Group 2 showed tubular necrosis, collapsed urinary space, anddistorted glomerulus, Group 3 presented near normal features, Group 4 showed enlarged urinary space, inflamedtubular cells and reduced podocytes in the glomerulus compared to Group 2, and Group 5 revealed regeneration ofcellular features already destroyed by aspirin. In conclusion, fresh stem juice extract of C. afer has ameliorative andprotective potentials on nephrotoxicity of aspirin in albino Wistar rats.

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