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Item Access to Mass Media by Disabled Youths in the Greater Bangkok Area(Journal of Ratchasuda College for Research and Development of Persons with Disabilities, 2011-03-11) Thonggroy, MonruedeeThe objective of this study is to investigate: The situation regarding access to mass media by disabled youths in the greater Bangkok area; and problems encountered while accessing mass media. Fifty-five samples of this qualitative research were purposively selected, consisting of four groups of disabled youths: 16 youths with visual impartment from the Bangkok School for the Blind, 17 youths with hearing impairment from the Nonthaburi School for the Deaf, 15 youths with physical impairment from Srisangwal School in Nonthaburi province and seven teachers who took care of youths with intellectual disabilities at Panyanukul School in Chachoengsao province. Interview guidelines were used for data collection. An analytical-descriptive approach was used for data analysis. Results: (1) Youths with visual impairment reported access to radio, because radios provided the most details via voice, followed by television and the Internet. They accessed the Internet using the PPA Tatip software program, which transformed text into speech. Youths with hearing impairment reported access to the Internet via the Camfrog and MSN programs, followed by television and publications. Youths with physical impairment reported they accessed television, followed by the Internet, radio and publications. Youths with intellectual disabilities accessed televisions, followed by radio, the Internet and publications. (2) Youths with visual impairment had problems accessing television, due to unclear narration, as radio broadcasts were clearer; and problems with the Internet, due to a shortage of the PPA Tatip program. Youths with hearing impairment had problems with an absence of sign language and subtitles being too small and moving too quickly at the bottom of the screen. Youths with physical impairment lacked supplemental instruments for computer use. Youths with intellectual disabilities had different problems with access, depending on particular disability and perception problems.Item Access to Work Opportunity in Labour Markets of Persons with Physical Disabilities in Samutprakarn Province(Journal of Ratchasuda College for Research and Development of Persons with Disabilities, 2011-03-11) Siriwattanakul, Orawan; บริษัทลิ้งค์เกจ จำกัดThis research aims to study access to work opportunity, opinions on relevant factors of work opportunity and factors related to work opportunity. This quantitative research covered 398 persons with physical disabilities working in Samutprakarn Province according to the performance report of Ministerial Regulations on Employment (Disabled Persons) for the Year 2009 prepared by Samutprakarn Provincial Social Development and Human Security Office. With the Simple Random Sampling Method and Multi - Stage Sampling Method, the sample size was 196 as set by Krejcie and Morgan Table and classification lists by district and sub-district groups. It was found that knowledge on job application was at the low level; consultancy and job application was at the moderate level; and employment was at the low level. The first reason of employment was skills responding to employers needs, followed by opportunity provided by employers. The occupational training and different occupation analysis had relationships with consultancy. From this study, the recommendations are that, persons with disabilities should be supported to access various training services, employers employing persons with disabilities and recognizing their capability should provide information to employer associations in order to provide more work opportunity to persons with disabilities, families should encourage self reliance of children with disabilities to have jobs and incomes. Persons with disabilities should develop their occupational skill and knowledge to strengthen their capability to meet employers’ needs.Item Asbestos Exposure Monitoring in Worker Demolished Asbestos Contained Material Building and the Concentration in Environment(Journal of Public Health, 2010-04-04) Chaiyanun Tangtong; Wantanee PhanprasitThis research come from the study of air sampling analysis and exposure of asbestos from the demolition of Building which contained asbestos material (such as ceiling and roof) by using both of personal and environment air samples. The result of fiber concentration of personal air sample attached to the ones who work with asbestos material (eg. remove ceiling and roof) and the environment air sample inside the building were 0.1-0.4 fiber/mL. which were higher or close to that of ACGIH standard, 0.1 fiber/mL., that showed the potential of risk to impair health of workers. Workers should change their methods to lower the blow out of asbestos and also wear the appropriate PPE. However, the asbestos fiber content in air sample of the atmosphere outside the building was found to be lower than that of ACGIH standard. From this result, it show that Thailand should do more research about the exposure of asbestos from demolition of old building to set proper control measures for safety of the workers.Item Attitudes toward and Problems in Providing Services to Persons with Disabilities of Taxi Drivers(Journal of Ratchasuda College for Research and Development of Persons with Disabilities, 2011-03-11) Mittanonsakul, KanjanaThe purposes of this study were to investigate attitude and problems of taxi drivers and to investigate the relationship between the taxi drivers’ attitude toward their personal information. The Attitude Toward Disable Person Scale (ATDPS) Form A was used as a research tool to find out its mean scores, standard deviation and percentage. A questionnaire was also used to find out and specify problems of taxi drivers while providing their service to disabilities persons. The sampling of this study consists of 100 taxi drivers in Bangkok metropolitan area. These data were completely collected in June 2010. The results of this study revealed taxi drivers’ attitude towards disabilities persons at medium level tending to high level of the scale. The problems of the taxi drivers while providing service to disabilities persons were specified as following: concerning about ability of disabilities persons to get on and get off a taxi; concerning about providing service to in congestion area; concerning about ability to give direction of disabilities persons; lack of knowledge for help and supporting disabilities persons to get on and get off a taxi; and also concerning about communication with deaf person. The recommendations of this study were: (1) giving knowledge and skills of help and supporting disabilities persons for taxi drivers is necessary to increase their confident and also motivate them to provide their service to disabilities persons; (2) supporting disabilities persons to increase their self-esteem and providing impression image of disabilities persons to public also necessary.Item Behavioral Modification Model for the Nutritional Status Improvement among Officers in a Public Health Academic Institute(Journal of Public Health, 2010-04-04) Warapone Satheannoppakao; Paradee Temcharoen; Rewadee Chongsuwat; Fuangfa Utrarachkij; Mandhana PradipasenA public health academic institute has played an important role in producing and supporting health professionals as well as being good health care role model. However, more than 50% of its officers suffered from overweight, obesity and hyperlipidemia. Thus, there is an urgent necessity to assist them to raise concern and activate their capacity to take good care of their own health. The objective was to develop a behavioral modification model for the nutritional status improvement among officers in the academic institute. The study design was a participatory action research constructed within the framework of both an ecological perspective and social cognitive theory. The study period was during 2006 and 2007 for a total of 14 months. Data collection consisted of anthropometric measurement, lipid profile examination, observation and interview. The findings illustrated that \> 70% of program participants had a decrease in body compositions, and \> 50% had a lipid profile reduction. It also found that problem analysis, context and situation analysis, and action planning as well as indicator determination were beneficial for process development of the behavioral modification model. Program administration was one critical factor leading to success. Strategies facilitating behavioral modification included building concern about the health problem, observational learning, behavioral capability enhancement, reinforcement, social support and self control. Desired healthy behavior leading to appropriate nutritional status will be established and maintained by political support that is tangible and continual.Item Biological Removal of Organic and TKN Using Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) Treating Swine Wastewater(Journal of Public Health, 2010-04-04) Apaporn Ruchirased; Sopa ChinwetkitvanichSwine wastewater usually contains a high concentration of organic and nutrients, especially nitrogen. Conventional anaerobic treatment is not able to remove TKN from the wastewater. Therefore, the present study modified the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) in order to simultaneously remove organic and TKN from swine wastewater. The ABR reactor used in this study had an effective volume of 10 liters with 8 compartments. The feed was synthesized from dry swine waste, diluted with tap water, to obtain COD concentration of 4,000 mg/l and TKN of 400 mg/l. Two experiments were conducted anaerobically, but one (named as ABR-1) was aerated in the sixth compartment, and another (named as ABR-2) in the seventh compartment, without sludge or nitrate recycle. The results showed that aeration only in one of eight compartments of the reactor was able to remove TKN with an efficiency of not less than 50 percent and COD with an efficiency of more than 90 percent. In addition, aeration in either the sixth or the seventh compartment did not affect the COD and TKN removal efficiencies significantly. Moreover, this ABR reactor could retain sludge remarkably well and produce low SS effluent.Item Community Participation as a key element in Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Song Phi Nong District, Suphan Buri Province(Journal of Public Health, 2010-04-06) Pattama Suphunnakul; Tavorn MatonThe present study is an action research. The objectives were the comparisons the level of knowledge, attitudes, practices, self-efficacy, and the necessity for perception toward prevention and control of avian influenza (AI) before and after training program implementation and evaluation of participation and satisfaction among people in Vang-Ta-Ku Village, Song Phi Nong District, Suphan Buri Province. The samples were 24 key community stakeholders and 199 household representatives. The training program was based on participatory learning action for personal knowledge of AI prevention, farming protection, surveillance and report of disease occurrence, and a community campaign. Data collection was obtained by interviewing, during June-December 2005, with data analysis done by paired T-Test. The results found that, the KAP levels for AI, self-efficacy, and the necessity for perception of prevention and control after implementation were significantly higher than before the implementation (p-value \< 0.001). Householder satisfaction and participation in the activities had higher levels with the percentage of 98.3 and 75.9 respectively.Item Comparison of the Health status of Children between reared by Grandparent and Parent(Journal of Public Health, 2010-04-06) Sutham NanthamongkolchaiItem A Comparison of Work Load Determination between Oxygen Consumption Method and Energy Expenditure Table(Journal of Public Health, 2010-04-06) Pramuk Osiri; Preecha Loosereewanich; Dusit Sujirarath; Supaporn Meksawe; Yuthachai BunterngchitThe objective of this study was to compare the work load determination between energy expenditure table of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health and oxygen consumption method. Work load of eight tasks were determined using the oxygen consumption instrument, Cortex model; Metamax XR 3B and these tasks were also recorded with video camera. It showed two heavy works, three moderate works and three light works. The video records of eight workers were shown to 119 safety professionals to do the determination of work load using the energy expenditure table. The results revealed that the accuracy was between 13.4% and 71.4% and the average number of correct work load determination was 3.44 out of eight tasks (43%). The educational background and experiences in occupational health of safety professional showed no significant in work load determination. Thus, work load determination should be specified to get the accurate value, to be fair to employee and employer as required by the regulation. The oxygen consumption method should be applied according to its accuracy.Item Confrontation with Problems and Self Adjustment of The Final Stage Cancer Patients: A Qualitative Study(Journal of Public Health, 2010-04-04) Piyarat Jitpakdee; Kesorn Pongpanich; Sojirat PanjampeeThis qualitative study aimed to explore the confrontation with problems and self adjustment of the final stage by cancer patients. The nine patients diagnosed by the Chon Buri Cancer Center’s physicians as the final stage illness. They were take care of by relations or care givers at home in Chon Buri, Rayong, and Chachoengsao Provinces. Data were collected during March to May 2005. The research tool was an interview composed of five in-depth items: feelings acquired after knowing that they were in the final stage of cancer, changes affected by the diagnosis, what they had done for themselves or surrounding persons, things that they wanted to do but had not done in their life period and services expected from health providers. The voices of both data giver and interviewer were recorded on tape cassette and recorded to two main themes. The study found that confrontation with problems and the self adjustment of the patients in final stage can be categorized into two main themes. The first theme, namely, confronting the final stage, activates the denial phase which is the first phase: the patients felt despondence, worry, sorrow, fear, and hopelessness. For the second phase, the patients created their hopes in different ways depending on the status of their minds, environments, and beliefs. And in the third phases, most patients were able to accept the illness conditions. In the forth and last phase, most patients were able to accept the illness conditions, and things facilitating the confrontation. Confronting the final stage comprised the phases of denial, hope formation, fact-acceptance, and preparation for confronting the final stage. In the first phase, the denial phase, the patients felt despondence, worry, sorrow, fear, and hopeless. For the second theme, the patients created their hope in different ways depending on the mind status, environments, and beliefs. In the third phase, most patients were able to accept the illness conditions. In the fourth and last phase, most patients were able to accept their illness conditions. During second theme, things helping patients to cope with the conditions included their families, strength of mind, thinking patterns, problem solving skills, and the health service system who examined. Most patients received support from their families, did not feel despondent, and felt that their lives were valuable. The patients required mental care more than physical care from medical personnel team. Suggestions supported by this study include studying about stress placed upon caregivers because they usually confront the emotion and stress of the final stage patients. If caregivers could not deal with their emotion, a direct deleterious effect on patients and caregivers would occure.Item Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Hypertensive Elderly Service: Outpatient Department and Primary Care Unit of Hua Hin Hospital in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand(Journal of Public Health, 2010-04-06) Sasithorn Suratannon; Pirudee Pavananunt; Sukhontha Kongsin; Sukhum JiamtonThis study aims to analyze the cost-effectiveness of Hypertensive Elderly Service in the OPD and the PCU of Hua Hin Hospital, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province. The 12 weeks cohort study from June to September 2007 was designed to evaluate the outcome of hypertensive elderly services at the two settings. By purposive selection of new hypertensive elderly patients age 60 years and above, the study included 54 patients from the OPD and 36 from the PCU. Both provider and patient perspective of cost analysis were taken into account. The provider costs data was collected from hospital records while the patient costs data was collected by interview and structured questionnaire. The effectiveness was measured as the average reduction in the systolic blood pressure. Both cost and outcome data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. The results showed that hypertensive elderly service at PCU was more cost-effective than the OPD of Hua Hin Hospital. The cost-effectiveness ratio was 75.05 Bt/mmHg for the hypertensive elderly service in the OPD and 32.60 Bt/mmHg for the PCU. The total costs of the OPD were 1,223.27 Baht while the total costs of the PCU was only 444.69 Baht. The sensitivity analysis of the service costs indicated that unit costs vary with the time used for the stage of patient screening. The study suggested that it is necessary to strengthening the capability of PCU in providing chronic care service in order to reduce the burden of costs to the hospital and to the patients. Health promotion and prevention programs should be encouraged and implemented to people of all ages though there is costs incurred from health promotion programs but it is worth in the long run in term of quality of life and reduction in the costs of treatment.Item Developing Ability of Muscle Ties Big for Person with Physical Impairment or Movement Health Problem by Coconut Shell Treats(Journal of Ratchasuda College for Research and Development of Persons with Disabilities, 2011-03-11) Suwan, Rangsiwut; ศูนย์การศึกษาพิเศษประจำจังหวัดสระแก้วThe purpose of this research is to made and developing coconut shell treats and study ability of muscle ties big for person with physical impairment or movement health problem after coconut shell treats. Sample was person with physical impairment or movement health problem 3- 10 year do not be crippled person overlaps. Register take serve from zero special provincial Srakaew education, the academic year is 2550-2551 were 11 person by Purposive Sampling. The instrument was the coconut shell treats and observes the behaviour. The data were analyzed by using percentage, mean, standard deviation and t-test. The findings were as follows: 1. group trains muscle skill ties big, group coconut shell name treats, that design go up effective E1/E2 70.27/70.91 2. Ability of muscle ties big for person with physical impairment or movement health problem by coconut shell treats 3-10 years after, have train stand, walk, stand on tiptoe foot had Ability of muscle ties big higher had different by statistical significant .05 3. Affect satisfaction of parent and participant relates Developing Ability of muscle ties big for person with physical impairment or movement health problem by coconut shell treats valuable share between 3.84 - 4.11 stay in most levels. Average most is the safety of coconut shell group treats and time devoting of parent next participating participatory of parent in the helping develops the muscle ties big.Item Development of Pork Ball Enriched with Straw Mushroom(Journal of Public Health, 2010-04-06) Piyarach Kullamethee; Nareerat Meetha; Ratchayanee Sinao; Supab DeephaiThe purpose of this research was to develop pork ball enriched with straw mushroom. The basic formula of pork ball was improved by using Ratio Profile Test technique, and then the developed pork ball enriched with straw mushroom was selected according to the optimum formula. The Mixture Design method with three variables, pork meat (0-85%), tapioca starch (5-10%) and straw mushroom (10-30%) were experimented. The product was analysed by sensory qualities, chemical properties, physical properties and microbial test. The results showed that the ratio of pork meat: tapioca starch : straw mushroom were 85:5:10. So the suitable formulae of pork ball enriched with straw mushroom composed of 70.82% pork meat, 4.17% tapioca starch, 8.33% straw mushroom, 13.40% ice, 1.45% salt, 0.67% garlic, 0.36% sodium tripoly-phosphate, 0.32% sugar, 0.32% pepper, 0.16% monosodium glutamate. While the amount of straw mushroom was increased, the firmness, toughness and sensory taste were decreased. Consumers acceptibilities for pork ball enriched with straw mushroom product were tested, they presented moderate preference. Characteristics of product were water activity = 0.958, hardness = 196.89 newton, protein = 17.10%, fat = 32.83% and fiber = 2.87%. The total microbial count was less than 1 \× 10⁴ CFU/g.Item The Development on Home Visit Model of Family Nurses in Public Health Centers, the Health Department of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration(Journal of Public Health, 2010-04-04) Srivanna Tunsiri; Woraporn Chaosaungareon; Voranut NeatphisarnwanishThe purposes of this participatory action research were to study and to develop a home visit model of family nurses, to experiment using the model, to conclude and to evaluate and to present this model. The research method was comprised of 3 steps. First step was to create co-operation among 176 family nurses, Nurse Administrators, expert family and community nurses via brain-storming, small group discussions, observations, interviews and issues conclusions. All this was for the purpose of conducting experiments on the prototype in 10 pilot BMA Public Health Centers, which were repeated 3 times after some improvement and quality checks from 11 Nurses experts. Then, the collection tools were tested using Cronbach’s alpha method and the reliability values were 0.81, 0.94, 0.92, 0.95 respectively. The second step was initiated when the trial projects were implemented in 68 Public Health Centers between October 2006 - September 2007. The third step was to conclude and evaluate the home visit activities, survey home visiting services’ client satisfactions and health providers and, lastly, identify family nurses opinions about the model. The statistics were frequency, percentage, mean, and t-test. From analysis of the 3 components (Home visit components, methods, and activities) the results demonstrate an improvement on the home visit model. They show that most Bangkok residences have an increase level of household healthcare services. To illustrate, 83.0% of Bangkok population received health surveys and assessment, 62.7% received home visits for health promotion and prevention at home. The total number of chronically-ill persons and families who received home health care nursing was in 8,469 communities; another 917 projects received cures for their health problems. 100% of BMA Public Health Centers were qualified for the standard of promoting and preventing communities in year 2007. 6,150 clients, 321 family nurses and 231 Health workers were highly satisfied with this model and the number of satisfied clients and health workers were statistically and significantly higher than before the implementation at 0.05 level. The opinions of family nurses about the developed home visit model indicated that they were highly satisfied and found the implementation of this new model suitable and effective. There were suggestions on using the developed home visit model of family nurse in all BMA public health centers as well as developing knowledge of home visit teams continually, sharing, learning, and supporting home visit networking.Item Dibetes: Unstable Health of Thai Population(Journal of Public Health, 2010-04-04) Chatpawee JarachvarawatDibetes is an important non-infectious disease problem in Thailand in 1985-2005, trends of The Public Health Statistic Data show patients and mortality numbers of dibetes disease was notably higher than any other non-infectious disease. In 2005, the report of Ministry of Public Health in Thailand showed 28 provinces from 76 provinces that have patients with diabetes. The provinces which have high level of morbidity rate of diabetes patients was 2,834.57 2,824.19 and 2,648.00 per 100,000 population in Kanchanaburi, Ang Thong and Nonthaburi province, respectively. Most of the patients were over 60 years old and the percentage of patients sex was 68.8% female and 31.2% male,which was indicates female patients have a higher rate than male patients. Moreover, the diabetes patients often have a complicating disease such as coronary artery disease which was 29,562 cases from 64,545 cases, which is 45.8% of patients with complications. In the long term, diabetes patients will receive negative health affects, which are the functional loss and failure of organs in such as eyes, liver and nervous system. In the foreigner, the prevalence of diabetes disease was 2.9%, 8.0%,10.1% and 8.4% in Europe, in Maori in New Zealand, in the Pacific and Asia, which indicates patients as Maori descent in New Zealand and Pacific have risk behavior to diabetes disease higher than in Europe. Risk factors associate with diabetes disease are obesity, no exercise, no insulin and failure of metabolism in the organism. Therefore control and prevention programs emphasizing primary prevention to apply in risk areas are very important. Because it will be use to the patient have knowledge and understanding that to change their risk behavior in lifestyle.Item Dog Heart Worm: Silent Epidemic for Urban Population(Journal of Public Health, 2010-04-04) Tawee Saiwichai; Sirintip ChaichalotornkulHeart worm is a major potentially life-threatening disease of dogs in Thailand, spread through mosquito biting. Because of Thailand is located in tropical zone, mosquitoes proliferate easily. All dogs living in a heavily populated mosquito area are at risk. It is possible that most dogs in endemic foci could be at risk for heartworm new infection and reinfection every year. Dogs may not show signs of illness until the disease is severe. Through surveys, the high prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection has been shown be evident in the stray and pet dogs. Humans are accidental and deadend hosts of dirofilariae because adults worms do not reach maturity in the heart. Most infective larvae injected into humans are thought to perish; therefore, infected individuals usually are not microfilaremic. Human disease is amicrofilaremic; although, because human disease is an accidental event, only one degenerate immature larva or young adult worm usually is isolated from an ectopic position of the body. Human infection presents with either subcutaneous nodules or lung parenchymal disease that may be asymptomatic. The significance of infection in humans is that pulmonary lesions and some subcutaneous lesions are commonly labeled malignant tumors, requiring invasive investigation and surgery before a correct diagnosis is made. The interruption of the transmission cycle and the reduction of mosquitos’ population play an important role in the controlling of dirofilariasis. More over, a final line of defense for this disease is the prevention of mosquito bites in both human beings and animals.Item Early Retire Government Officer: Way of Life in Health, Problem and Adaptation(Journal of Public Health, 2010-04-04) Sutham Nanthamongkolchai; Udomlux Pasapun; Phitaya Charrupoonphol; Chokchai MunsawaengsubThe qualitative study aimed to study the way of life including the problems on the adaptation of the early retire government officer. The data was collected through in dept interviewed of 16 early retirees who lived in Nonthaburi Province during December 6th, 2004 to January 22nd, 2005 and analyzed by content analysis. The study has found that all the 16 early retirees could run their normal life activities, and take care of physical hygiene, dressing, eating, body movement and also recognized necessary self health care. But nearly half of them (7 from 16 persons) had a chronic disease under continuous treatment. Early retirees could adjust themselves as how to spend the leisure time by means of living with their families and doing more daily activities together. They planned to reduce family expenses due to their reduced income, and needed an extra job to earn more money. All retirees had social adaptation by the way of participating in religious activity, in social support work and satisfy with the given contribution and were always supported by their friends and society. But the primary things they needed from the state were the monthly income taxes reduction and the state has to pay more monthly pension corresponding to their higher cost of living. The study has suggested that the state should encourage the early retirees to participate more in the social activities and also add up the appropriate monthly income.Item Efficiency of Zeolite Temephos on Mosquito Larvae Control in Water-Use Containers(Journal of Public Health, 2010-04-04) Kwantavee Mungmetongyu; Naiyana BoontaveeyuwatIn Huaykamin District, Nong khae Subprovince, Saraburi Province, Thailand, health volunteers are responsible for Aedes mosquito larvae control by applying Zeolite Temephos as a larvicide offered from Huaykamin Health Center. However, larvae are always found in household water-use containers. This study aims to investigate the larvicide use correction of 30 health volunteers. Daily household water-use volume was surveyed in 79 households. Lasting efficiency of Zeolite Temephos on mosquito larvae control in the water-use container was experimented. The results showed that the health volunteers incorrectly practice the larvicide proportional use by container sizes. Two household water-use container sizes, 130, 1,500-2,000 L observed in the community. The average proportion of daily household water use in a period of morning-midday-evening is 30-11-41 and 4-1-5% of 130 L and 1,500-2,000 L containers. The trail test of Zeolite Temephos treatment in 20 L experimental containers filled with tap water with 30 larvae showed 100% mortality within 24 hours. Follow-up was performed daily to observe larvae in the containers which removed water out and filled water up in the same volume as water use proportion time period in a day. The result of experiment showed that the larvicide residue prevented larvae recurrence by 4 wks and 10 wks in the containers simulated with water-use volume as 130 L and 1,500-2,000 L containers while that by 14 wks in the control containers. It is concluded that the higher percent of daily water use volume, the shorter is the lasting efficiency of Zeolite Temephos.Item Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in South-East Asia Region(Journal of Public Health, 2010-04-06) Chatpawee JarachvarawatTuberculosis is an airbone infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most of epidemiologic tuberculosis found in South-East Asia Region. In 2006, trends of The World Health Organization reported decrease of tuberculosis patients and Timor-Leste country in South-East Asia Region reported the highest incidence rate, prevalence rate and mortality rate of tuberculosis was 556, 789 and 98 cases per 100,000 population, respectively. Ratio of male/female was 2:1. Most of the patients were between 25-44 years old and the percentage was 23. Epidemiologic tuberculosis in each country was composed of number population, geography, habitation and socioeconomic. Sources of epidemiologic tuberculosis such as unsanitary conditions, crowded communities and patients number area. Recently found highly human immunodeficiency virus patients affect to be tuberculosis patients which accustomed to decrease tuberculosis have distribute very much. This Mycobacterium tuberculosis affects lungs in human. In current of tuberculosis problem is the irregular anti TB drug taking that caused the Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to the drugs, so it will be disseminated to other organs and impair immunity of the patient which may lead to death. Then the knowleding and understanding about prevention and control method that it will be help decrease size of problem and severity of tuberculosis.Item Evaluation of a Research and Development Project on Integrated Network for Health and Quality of Life Development among Thachene-Maklong Basins Communities: An Area-based Study of Samut Sakhon Province, 2003-2006(Journal of Public Health, 2010-04-04) Kanittha Chamroonsawasdi; Wirin Kittipichai; Jarueyporn Suparp; Somchai DurongdejThis study is aimed at evaluating a research and development project on integrated network for health and quality of life development among Thachene-Maklong Basins communities, focused on an area-based study of Samut Sakhon Province during 2003-2006. Input, process and outcome evaluation was conducted by using secondary sources of data and focused group discussion with community stakeholders. Input evaluation indicated that Mahidol University had an effective research strategy on an area-based study. The research network consisted of a researcher team from Mahidol University, community leaders, local authorities and local organizations. The goal, objectives and plan were set up under the vision of “Healthy Amphang”. Community people are involved in problem identification and given suggestions through public hearing approach, but are found only among a limited group. Process evaluation revealed that clear objectives were given for community preparation. Community strengthening and capacity building was conducted by training, seminar and study visit to help the area-based research networks to apply their knowledge and experiences for community development. Village broadcasting was used to disseminate information to community people to realize and to participate in the program. Weaknesses of the project implementation included low community involvement and a limited number of personnel with high workload. Strengths of the program were willingness of community people to work for the others, more consensus agreement, and development of a network to share and exchange knowledge and ideas between community and the research team. Supervision, monitoring and evaluation of the program were conducted by local authorities using a Tambol Administrative Organization (TAO) as a focal point. Outcome evaluation showed application of knowledge and experiences of the local network from training, seminar and study visit was performed by a group facilitator and healthy community development. The local communities were capable to conduct a health promoting program themselves by establishing regular public hearing and by setting up a plan together. Community people changed their health behaviors and improved through this better environment. The research team gained more experiences which they will apply in future work based on the plan and will aim for sustainability development of a healthy community.