Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/151215

ISSN: 2321–7227

Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.sciencedomain.org/journal-home.php?id=23

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Accommodative Gain in Presbyopic Eye Using a New Procedure of Laser Scleral Softening (LSS): Part-II. Formulas for Volume Efficacy
(Sciencedomain International, 2022-07) Lin, J.-T.
Purpose: To derive and provide, for the first time, comprehensive analytic formulas for scleral softening volume efficacy (SVE) for accommodative gain (AG) via the increased space between ciliary body and lens (SCL) and mobility of the posterior vitreous zonules (PVZ).Study Design: To increase the AG of presbyopic eye by a new procedure, laser scleral softening (LSS).Place and Duration of Study: New Taipei City, Taiwan, between June 2022 and July 2022.Methodology: The SVE is calculated based on the time and spatial integral of the scleral temperature profiles, T(z,t), solutions of a heat diffusion equation. Analytic formulas for SVE is derived based on the covered area given by a triangle area. The SVE of a 3-D model is governed by the "volume" covered by the laser beam, or its spot size area, the effective penetration depth (z"), which is an increasing function of laser dose, but a decreasing function of the absorption coefficient (A), due to the Beer's law of laser intensity, I(z)=I0exp(-Az). The efficacy depth-range (dZ) and time-ranges (dT) are defined for efficient softening with T(z,t)>T*, where T* is the scleral softening threshold temperature.Results: The accommodative gain is proportional to the 3-D SVE given by: SEV(3D) = SEV(1D) x laser beam spot (2-D area) x total number of spots (N) acting on the sclera, which is proportional to the efficacy ranges dZ and dT, in which dZ is an increasing of laser irradiation time, whereas dT is a decreasing function of depth. Softening of the scleral tissue after a thermal laser leading to the increase of PVZ mobility and SCL. However, the actual relation of SVE and the PVZ and SCL changes require measured data.Conclusion: Safety and efficacy of scleral softening for presbyopia treatment depend upon the laser parameters (intensity, dose, spot size, wavelength) and the effective depths. The SVE is proportional to the efficacy depth-range (dZ) and time-range (dT), in which dZ is an increasing of laser irradiation time and dT is a decreasing function of depth. The AG is proportional to the SVE(in 3-D).
Accuracy of Toric Intraocular Lens Axis Alignment Using Manual Slit Lamp Method and CALLISTO Eye Image-Guided System
(Sciencedomain International, 2022-02) Riyanto, S. B; Ratna Sari, D. C; Gondhowiardjo, T. D; Suhardjo; Sasongko, M. B.
Aims: Image-guided systems are the gold standard for determining toric intraocular lens (IOL) axis alignment. However, their high cost prevents widespread use of these systems. As an alternative, a simpler and affordable method could be performed manually using a slit-lamp biomicroscope. This study aims to compare the accuracy of manual toric IOL axis marking using a slit-lamp compared to the CALLISTO eye image-guided system.Study Design: Prospective comparativeMethods: In this prospective study, toric IOL axis alignment of 42 eyes with cataract and coexisting corneal astigmatism were evaluated using manual slitlamp method and CALLISTO eye image-guided method. Preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, amount of spherical and astigmatic refractive errors, and postoperative IOL axis alignment were evaluated. Intraclass correlation of the manual method was calculated and the difference of IOL axis alignment to the image-guided method was compared.Results: Toric IOL implantation reduced the amount of astigmatic refractive error from -1.63 � 0.65 D to -0.50 � 0.19 D in the image-guided group and from -1.93 � -0.90 D to -0.87 � 0.26 D in the manual slitlamp group. As many as 90.5% of eyes in the image-guided group and 81.0% of eyes in the manual slitlamp group reached the target induced astigmatism (p=0.38). Manual axis marking showed intraclass correlation of 99.3%. However, when the manual method was compared to the image-guided method a mean difference in axis alignment of 10.98o (95% confidence interval: 9.32o - 12.63o) was observed.Conclusions: Alignment of toric IOL axis using the manual method demonstrated a consistent result; yet producing a considerable difference to the result of the image-guided method.
Amplitude of Accommodation in Young Caucasian Adults in Greece
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-07) Pateras, E; Chrysanthopoulos, ?.
Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of accommodation insufficiency among young Caucasian adults in Greece. Methods: Accommodation amplitude was assessed using the minus to blur method (PRA). Results were compared against Donder's and Hofstetter's values. Participants were categorized into "normal," "borderline," and "insufficient" based on deviations from expected values. Results: Over 50% of participants exhibited accommodation insufficiency. Men had significantly lower rates of normal accommodation amplitude compared to women. Further research is required to explore the impact of refractive errors on accommodation issues. Conclusions: Accommodation insufficiency is a significant issue among young adults, necessitating further studies and the establishment of standardized measurement methods. Investigating the role of the ciliary muscle in accommodation is also recommended.
Analysis of 74 Open Globe Injuries Requiring Vitreo-Retinal Intervention and Its Correlation with Ocular Trauma Score
(Sciencedomain International, 2022-07) A. Gadre, G; Bulchandani, P.
Aim: Retrospective study of 74 eyes with open globe injuries requiring V-R Intervention & its correlation with ocular trauma score.Results: Commonest cause of injury: Hammer-chisel/stone in 32.43% (24) & Thorn/wooden stick 27% (20). Average age-30.5yrs. Average interval between trauma & intervention was -10.04days (4hrs – 52days).Discussion: Delay of presentation to ophthalmologist has lot of significance,high incidence of endophthalmitis & retinal detachment compared to other studies. Surgical outcome shows lower incidence of NO Light Perception & Significant reduction in number of cases with 20/200. 60% of our cases had traumatic cataract, visual acuity may be underestimated in traumatic cataract. Faulty Projection of rays probably would be better criteria than RAPD. Extension of wound beyond pars plana, and aniridia (6.7%) are important risk factor.Conclusion: Modification of raw points is recommended in OTS criteria in Indian scenario.
Angioid Streaks and Systemic Pathologies: Is This Association Always There?
(Sciencedomain International, 2022-01) Miguel, T. S; Miguel, V. S; Costa, D. A. D; Pereira, M. B.
Aims :To describe Angioid Streaks and Systemic PathologiesPresentation of Case: T.A.N., male, 32 years old, lawyer, born in Rio de Janeiro, attends the routine ophthalmologic appointment without specific ophthalmologic complaints.In her previous pathological history, he claims not to have systemic comorbidities. Denies diabetes, eye trauma, previous eye surgeries and any eye pathologies. Denies previous ophthalmologic procedures, daily use of eye drops and family members with a history of glaucoma.Discussion: The patient in the report, up to the time of the consultation, claimed not to be aware of any systemic pathology and did not present any ocular complaints, not even knowing the findings of his fundus examination. Systemic associations should always be considered when diagnosing Angioid Streaks on funduscopy. Patients with Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum must have their follow-up done in parallel with the dermatology service. Patients with hemoglobinopathies should be immediately referred for diagnostic clarification with the medical clinic teamConclusions: It is essential that specialists are familiarized with the peculiar appearance , their potential to produce retinal and subretinal complications and, especially, remember that this finding in funduscopy can be unique without being associated with systemic diseases.
Antimicrobial and Immunostimulatory Effects of Senna occidentalis Ethanolic Extract against Aspergillus flavus-Induced Mycotic Keratitis: A Promising Therapeutic Approach
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-06) El-Badry, AS; El-Mowafy, EE; Amer, SM; El-Shourbagy, MS; Saad-Allah, KM
Background: Mycotic keratitis (MK) poses a significant risk as a severe and difficult-to-treat corneal infection with potentially life-threatening consequences. Fungi are commonly implicated as causative agents. Additionally, improper care of contact lenses increases the susceptibility to MK. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition and therapeutic potential of Senna occidentalis ethanolic leaf extract in the treatment of Aspergillus flavus-induced mycotic keratitis. Methodology: The selected plant extract was tested for antimicrobial activity, analyzed for active ingredients and evaluated in vivo for physiological (Kidney and liver functions), histological (corneal tissue healing rates) and immunological responses (IgM levels). Results: The GC/MS analysis revealed high levels of some active components, including o-methyl glucose, tetramethyl hexadecenol, hexadecenoic acid, and octadecatrienoic acid. The ethanolic extract of S. occidentalis demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against A. flavus in an albino rabbit model. Treatment with the extract at a concentration of 12.5 mg/ml resulted in a significant healing rate without any side effects, as evidenced by reduced levels of blood urea, creatinine, AST, and ALT in infected rabbits. Moreover, S. occidentalis extract effectively stimulated the immune system, as indicated by increased levels of IgM in both infected and non-infected rabbits. Histopathological analysis of the eye cornea further confirmed the complete disappearance of inflammation and restoration of normal tissue appearance and layer arrangement. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of S. occidentalis extract as a safe, affordable, and easily accessible treatment for A. flavus-induced mycotic keratitis, owing to its rich content of safe and bioactive phytochemicals.
Asian Blepharoplasty with Concurrent Ptosis Correction by Lps Plication: Our Experiences in Northeast India
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-04) Ete, N; Darang, K; Gongo, T.
Background: Asian blepharoplasty is one of the most performed facial cosmetic procedures in northeastern India. Undiagnosed ptosis often goes unnoticed in many Asian blepharoplasty patients. To achieve proper symmetry, its essential to address ptosis simuntaneously during Asian blepharoplasty. In this study, the author discuss ten cases of Asian blepharoplasty in which simultaneous ptosis correction was performed by lps plication.
Assessment of Risk Factors for Primary Open-angle Glaucoma
(Sciencedomain International, 2023-06) Mhadi , M. E; Ouafi, A. E.
Introduction: primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a chronic and progressive anterior optic neuropathy characterized by perimetric alterations and pathological excavation of the optic disc in the absence of other ocular pathologies or congenital anomalies. It is usually accompanied by an increase in intraocular pressure. Gonioscopic examination confirms that the iridocorneal angle is open. The term "risk factor" is defined as a condition statistically leading to an increased risk of occurrence of an event. The purpose of our work is to list the main risk factors of POAG.Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out in our ophthalmology department over a period of 4 years between January 2018 and December 2021, involving one hundred patients with POAG followed in glaucoma consultation.Results: These are 100 cases, with an average age of 64.27, with a male predominance. The most found risk factors in our series are: age, intraocular hypertension (IOH), thin cornea, arterial hypertension, diabetes and family history of glaucoma.Conclusion: The identification of the main risk factors of POAG at the individual level is a major data of the management. Knowing these factors helps to monitor patients at risk more carefully and to adjust the treatment more appropriately in patients likely to develop glaucoma or to aggravate already known glaucoma. More efforts are required for early screening and education on POAG in communities, especially in a POAG high-risk population
Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome: Case Report
(Sciencedomain International, 2022-03) Dinalli Francisco, A; Sande Miguel, T; Luiza Mansur Souto, A; Almeida da Costa, D; Bastos Pereira, M.
Aims:To describe a Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome.Presentation of Case: MCL, 7 years old, female, brown, was taken to the ophthalmology outpatient clinic of the Hospital Universit醨io Ant鬾io Pedro, Brazil by her parents, complaining of low visual acuity and malformation of the pupil perceived since birth.Discussion: Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome is a rare and hereditary disease. Clinically, Axenfeld's anomaly is characterized by the presence of posterior embryotoxon, and there may be adherence of iridian tissue in its periphery. In addition to Rieger's anomaly, posterior embryotoxon is added to iris hypoplasia and iris thickness defects, uveal ectropion and pupillary alterations, such as corectopia. Rieger's syndrome is associated with extraocular changes, of which hypodontia, myicrodontia, maxillary hypoplasia, telecanthus, hypertelorism and hypospadias stand out.Conclusions: Therefore, the importance of early diagnosis, follow-up and adequate treatment becomes evident in order to preserve the visual function of patients and thus avoid an unfavorable evolution.
The Beneficial Effects of Photobiomodulation to Reduce Intraocular Pressure in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
(Sciencedomain International, 2023-05) Boudghene , A. C; Ahmed , T. I. B; Belbachir , K; Ghalia, H. B.
Purpose: The aim of this trail was to study the efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) treatment to reduce the intraocular pressure in subjects with primary open angle glaucoma disease.Methods: Twenty eyes suffering from open angle glaucoma with high IOP level were selected, examined and treated with Thera-RED light diode system. The subjects were divided into two groups (n=10); treated and placebo group respectively; this system provide two lights (red at 660n.m continue and Near IR light micro-pulsed at 850 n.m), the patients received two series of treatment (ten per month within three months between every series of sessions) over five months and follow up taking ocular pressure measurements after every diode delivery session.Results: A significant decrease in IOP has been observed from the first month of the treatment compared to the placebo group (from 22.6mmHg before treatment to 15 mmHg after the tenth session) this amelioration has been also remarked during the second session of treatment (fifth month) to attempt 14.2 mmHg. Conclusion: Thera-RED light diode system treatment shows a significant decrease of IOP and remained to be stable under 14.2 mmHg in all the follow up, which confirm that photobiomodulation help in reducing the intraocular pressure in glaucomatous patients .
Bird Migration with Visual Avian Navigation & Nest Nidification: The Spatial Linear Geometries Georeferencing Functionality
(Sciencedomain International, 2022-10) Basdekidou, C.
Problem: Bird migration (eye): Georeferencing procedure with clues, rules, functionalities, and restrictions, for avian navigation and nest nidification.Literature Knowledge: Computer vision (sensor): Robot self-referencing with the Perspective-n- Point pose estimation technique.Aim: Hypothesis introduction and proving (“The birds also follow the same georeferencing procedure like robots in avian navigation and nest nidification”).Methodology: (a) Reference data, images, and photography acquisition and 4-means layering (eBird dataset, Flickr imagery, CORINE land covering, and Volunteered Geographic Information);(b) Image processing; and (c) GIS spatial overlay analysis.Results: Statistical spatial analysis using data of the GIS overlays (the 4 layers). Correlation matrix (Avian navigation and nest nidification in low-density urban areas as these are affected by spatial linear geometries and land cover types).Conclusion: A statistically satisfactory approach to the introduced hypothesis.Potential Applications: Human spatial cognition and movement behavior; Children’s motor control and coordination.
Butterfly-shaped Pattern Dystrophy : Findings of Retinal Imaging
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-02) Bezza, H; Mounsif, A; Algouti, Z; Bennouk, Y; Lhaj, HA; Kriet, M; Elasri, F.
Butterfly shaped pattern dystophy (BPD) is a inherited macular disease which is characterized by the accumulation of pigment/lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium, it might be misdiagnosed as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Retinal imaging is a useful tool for the differential diagnosis of pattern dystrophy. In this report, we describe a 64 year old man presented metamorphopsia and reduced visual acuity in both eyes. Fundus examination showed an area of depigmentation delimited resembling a butterfly. The OCT revealed a subfoveal hyperreflective deposit above the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) while fundus autofluorescence (FAF) shows hypoautofluorescent areas outlined by a lipofuscin deposits as hyperautofluorescent Finally, fluoroscein angiography (FFA) revealed early macular hyperfluorescence.
A Case Report on IRVAN Syndrome
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-03) Bezza, H; Adrari, AE; Mansouri, OE; Zaoui, K; Lhaj, LA; Kriet, M; Elasri, F.
Idiopathic retinal vasculitis, arteriolar macroaneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) is a rare condition predominantly affecting young, healthy females without systemic disease. We present the case of a 35-year-old female who presented with a 3-month history of decreased visual acuity without associated symptoms. Ophthalmological examination revealed reduced visual acuity in both eyes, papillary oedema, stellate macular oedema, and haemorrhages bilaterally. Retinal imaging confirmed IRVAN syndrome. Treatment included pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) and intravitreal bevacizumab injections, resulting in macular oedema regression.
Cases of Orbital Cellulitis Revealing Neglected Intraocular Foreign Bodies
(Sciencedomain International, 2023-01) Abounaceur, A; Elhaj, J. A; El-Hamraoui, K; Mchachi, A; Benhmidoune, L; Rachid, R; El-Belhadji, M.
Background: Orbital cellulitis is defined as acute inflammatory orbital swelling of infectious origin. Most often secondary to sinusitis. Intraocular foreign bodies neglected because of their small size, or sometimes radio-transparent nature, can be difficult to diagnose even with radiology and be responsible for orbital cellulitis. We demonstrate the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties.Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study of patients with unilateral orbital cellulitis revealing neglected intraocular foreign bodies, conducted in the Department of Adult Ophthalmology, Hospital August 20, 1953, involving 58 patients, from January 2015 until December 2020.Results: The average age of the patients was 38.5 years. The most affected age group was between 21 and 30 years with a clear male predominance. A decrease in visual acuity was found in all patients (unilateral blindness 43%) and a cellulitis complicated by a purulent melt (43%). All patients received medical treatment, including intravitreal injections of antibiotics in 71% of cases, and surgical treatment consisting of extraction of the foreign body and immediate evisceration of the eyeball in 25% of cases.Conclusion: Orbital cellulitis, although mostly secondary to sinusitis, can reveal various etiologies such as intra-orbital foreign bodies that can go unnoticed and be life-threatening and functionally damaging, especially when the diagnosis is made late and management is inappropriate. The presence of an intraocular foreign body must be suspected in all cases of orbital trauma associated with a palpebral wound, even if it is minimal, or in the presence of a clinical aggravation. Any delay in diagnosis and/or treatment can lead to serious complications that can affect the functional and even vital prognosis. The surgical treatment consists of the extraction of the foreign body. The recourse to evisceration in our context unfortunately continues to persist at high rates; because of the delay of consultation and thus of the management.
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion as a Presenting Feature Caused by Hypertensive Crisis Secondary to IgA Nephropathy
(Sciencedomain International, 2022-07) Tekade, P; Bulchandani, P; Wairagade, N.
We present a case of Ischemic Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) caused by hypertension secondary to renal failure in IgA nephropathy. A 17 year old male came with chief complaints of sudden painless diminution of vision in RE since 15 days. On examination the Right eye showed multiple superficial retinal haemorrhages in all 4 quadrents with dilated veins and cystoid macular edema suggestive of CRVO and Left eye showed superficial flame shaped haemorrhage suggestive of grade 3 hypertensive changes.
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Secondary to Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
(Sciencedomain International, 2022-05) Miguel, T. S; Filho, E. R. M; Miguel, B. S; Costa, D. A. da, Pereira, M. B.
Aims: To describe a Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Secondary to Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria.Presentation of Case: A 25 years old, male, student, in regular follow-up in the Hematology sector due to Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria in regular use of Eculizumab. He reports a month ago that he suddenly noticed, upon waking up in the morning, blurring and decreased visual acuity in her left eye.Discussion: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired disorder characterized by hemolysis, thrombosis, and bone marrow failure caused by defective expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored (GPI-anchored) complement inhibitors. Most commonly, PNH is caused by the loss of PIGA function, which is necessary for GPI biosynthesis.Conclusions: Patients with hemolytic anemia, unexplained thrombosis, especially in uncommon sites, cytopenias and bone marrow failure syndromes, dysphagia, and unexplained abdominal pain should be screened for PNH. PNH patients can benefit greatly from the treatments available, with a reduction in the risk of serious sequelae and a considerable improvement in their quality of life. So that the patient continues to be followed up in the ophthalmology department, with decreased visual acuity ipsilateral to the lesion, with a relative afferent pupillary defect on that side.
Chemical Injury Due to Pain Balm: Case Series
(Sciencedomain International, 2022-08) Namdeo, N; Wairagade, N; Tekade, P.
Ocular chemical injuries accounts for 11.5% to 22.1% of ocular injuries. Ocular chemical burns are an ophthalmic emergency and requires immediate treatment. We report a series of three cases of chemical injury secondary to accidental exposure to red balm used as local application for headache. In our cases menthol, cajuput oil and capsaicin might have contributed to chemical injury and nerve damage. Nerve damage might have lead to delayed epithelial healing. All three patients improved completely within 1 to 3 week.
Clinical Insights into Bardet-biedl Syndrome and Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Case Report
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-04) Z., Hazil; N., Tebay; I., Hasnaoui; Y., Akannour; L., Serghini; Z., Hajji; B., Ouazzani; E., Abdellah
Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by learning impairments, obesity, post-axial polydactyly, retinal dystrophy, and hypogonadism. Numerous related minor characteristics are crucial for the clinical management of BBS and can aid in the diagnosing process. In 80% of patients, sequencing known disease-causing genes can confirm the diagnosis, which is based on clinical symptoms. BBS genes encode proteins involved in cilia biogenesis and function that localize to the basal body and cilia. Defective cilia resulting from mutations partially explain the pleiotropic effects seen in BBS. We report the case of a 23-year-old patient referred to the nephrology department for progressive bilateral visual acuity loss.
Clinical Outcomes of Surgery for Age-related Cataract with Intraocular Lens Implantation in Two Hospitals in North-Central Nigeria
(Sciencedomain International, 2023-06) Jeneral, A. R.
Aims: The study aimed to assess the post-operative presenting visual acuity (PVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from six weeks and above post-surgery, of patients operated for age-related cataract with biometry-calculated IOL power and available IOL power implantation, in two hospitals in Jos, Nigeria.Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional survey.Place and Duration of Study: Eye units of two mission Hospitals in Jos namely; Bingham University Teaching Hospital and the Faith Alive foundation Hospital, between June and August 2021.Methodology: Patients aged 40 years and above, who had undergone surgery for age-related cataract in the preceding 18 months in two hospitals in Jos and were six weeks or more post-surgery were consecutively enrolled into the study, after obtaining informed consent. Socio-demographic data and surgical history were obtained from patients and their surgical records. The PVA and BCVA were assessed and categorized based on World Health Organization guidelines. Results: A total of 87 patients were examined within the study period. Post-operative PVA was good (?6/18) in 32 (36.8%), borderline (<6/18-6/60) in 41 (47.1%) and poor (<6/60) in 14 (16.1%) participants. After refraction, the proportion of good outcomes increased to 78.2% with only 8.1% of outcomes remaining poor. Biometry-calculated IOL power and available IOL power use did not significantly influence visual outcome (P=.645 and P=.146 for PVA and BCVA respectively).Conclusion: Majority of participants had post-operative PVA in the borderline category with residual uncorrected refractive error as the principal cause. Regardless of the IOL power implanted, surgery for age-related cataract enhanced patients’ vision. This study has shown that the presence of biometry is a guarantee of refractive success. Hence, refractive outcome audits are essential.
Clinical Profile of Ocular Trauma at a Tertiary Care Hospital
(Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-07) Bhaskar, A; Gupta, RK.
Background: Ocular trauma is preventable and one of the leading causes of ocular morbidity and blindness. Approximately 6 million people are blind from eye injuries, 2.3 million with bilateral visual impairment and 19 million with unilateral visual loss worldwide. In developing countries like ours the incidence of eye injuries is very high. This study has been conducted in the view of public health importance to provide information on magnitude, clinical and epidemiological profile of ocular injuries. Methods: A hospital based, cross sectional observational study, conducted during September 2014 - March 2016 in tertiary care center in Jharkhand, all cases of ocular trauma were included in the study. Demographic profile (age, sex, locality, occupation), nature and cause of injury was recorded. Detailed ophthalmological examination including visual acuity, slit lamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy, B-scan, intraocular pressure measurement, gonioscopy, computed tomography brain with orbit, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, X-Ray were done in relevant cases. Results: Total of 948 patients of ocular trauma were included. Most patients belong to the age group 21-40 years (60.87%), with mean age of 29.79 + 16.47 years. Males were affected more (73.52%) than females (26.47%). Closed globe injuries were more (75%) than open globe injuries (25%). Anterior segment was involved in (94.30%) and posterior segment in (8.86%). Work-related ocular injuries formed the commonest mode of injury (41.8%) followed by road traffic accident (30.37%). Conclusion: Ocular trauma is one of the most common causes of unilateral blindness. Targeting groups most at risk with health education, providing effective eye protection and strict implementation of traffic rules may decrease the occurrence of ocular injuries.

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