Annals of International Medical and Dental Research

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/158082

Editor-in-Chief: Dr Rohit Varshney
ISSN (Print): 2395-2814 ISSN (Online): 2395-2822

Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://aimdrjournal.com/Default.aspx

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 1863

2X4 Appliance: Effective Treatment Modality for Anterior Crossbite
(Society for Health Care & Research Development, 2019-09) Gawali, Pritesh; Jadhav, Geetanjali; Shigli, Anand; Vaidya, Priyanka
The 2x4 appliance consists of bands on the first permanent maxillary molars, bonded brackets on the maxillary incisors, and a continuous archwire inserted into buccal tubes of the molar bands. It provides total control of anterior tooth position, allows precise and rapid positioning of the teeth, does not require any adjustment and is very well accepted by the patient, and. This case report presents correction of anterior crossbite at early mixed dentition stage with the help of 2x4 appliances. The results achieved, satisfied the esthetic demands of the patients as well as parents.
Abdominal Sonography: Evaluation of Image Quality in Patients with Varying BMI Using Tissue Harmonic Imaging and Standard Sonography
(Society for Health Care & Research Development, 2018-07) Sharma, Rajat Kumar; Nema, Devendra
Background: The study was conducted at the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Army Base Hospital Delhi Cantt on 200 patients (114 females, 86 males) with varying age and BMI (Body Mass Index) from year 2005 to 2009. Methods: Abdominal sonography was done using standard B mode using HDI 5000 (Philips/ATL) system. This equipment awarded a U.S. patent for Tissue Harmonic Imaging (THI).The study was done using broadband curvilinear 2 to 5 MHz (C 5-2) transducer. This transducer can be used for both standard conventional B-mode (CUSS) and tissue harmonic imaging (THI). Results: Correlation was done for BMI of the study population and was found that greater percentage of lesionswere seen better THI in patients having BMI >25. The p value was < 0.05 (significant). Conclusion: Out of the 258 positive findings assessed for total image quality in THI in comparison to CUSS the p value was < 0.001 (significant).
ABO and Rhesus (D) Blood Group Distribution among Blood Donors in Rural South Haryana (Mewat-Region): A 5 Years Retrospective Study
(Society for Health Care & Research Development, 2018-05) Singh, Sudheer; Mishra, Shailesh Kumar; Kalhan, Shivani; Sharma, Puja; Satarkar, Rahul N; Singh, Pawan; Singh, Nand Kishore
Background: In India, geographical distribution of blood groups and Rhesus (D) factor varies across the country. The aim of this study is to examine the distribution of these groups among voluntary blood donors at a large academic medical centre; SHKM which is situated in a rural, most backward, least literate, remote pocket of south (Mewat-region) Haryana state in India. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using 5 year data (August 2013–December 2017) from a regional blood bank in rural south (Mewat-region) Haryana of India. Records of 16,121 voluntary blood donors were reviewed. Results: The distribution of ABO blood group was; blood group O (29.69%); blood group A (22.37%); blood group B (37.72%) and blood group AB (10.22%). A significantly higher proportion of Rhesus (D) positive than Rhesus (D) negative in blood group A and AB (respective p-values are .018 and .089). Conclusion: The sequence of ABO distribution among the rural population in south (Mewat- region) Haryana of India is; B > O > A > AB, with males as the predominant donors.
ABO Blood Group & Periodontitis: Correlation or No- Relation.
(2016-01) Patel, Rushit; Patel, Karan M; Patel, Harsh N; Shah, Harsh G
Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there was a relationship between periodontal diseases and ABO blood groups. Methods: This epidemiological study was carried out on 300 subjects who were randomly selected from individuals referred to the periodontics of Ahmedabad Dental College & Hospital for periodontal treatment or for other reasons regarding dental health. The study based on periodontal condition, blood group. The effects of blood subgroups on periodontal health, gingivitis and Periodontitis were investigated separately. Results: The findings of our study revealed that subject’s blood group “O” and “B”, Rh positive had a greater propensity for periodontitis followed by blood group A and least prevalent is blood group AB. Conclusions: ABO blood subgroups and Rh factor may constitute a risk factor on the development of periodontal disease.
Acceptability of Latch Breastfeeding Assessment Tool as a Predictor of Breastfeeding Duration
(Society for Health Care & Research Development, 2018-09) Mukherjee, Ranajit; Munian, Dinesh; Basu, Abhishek
Background: This study aims to test the validity of LATCH tool to check if it can predict breastfeeding duration at 6 weeks postpartum. Methods: Mother-infant dyads were evaluated using LATCH breastfeeding assessment tool within 36 to 72 hours postpartum. Participants are healthy newborns at term gestation, birth weight ≥2500gm, born by vaginal delivery or C-section, rooming with their mothers. After 6 weeks postpartum, participants were followed up and were asked their experience of breastfeeding. Results: Total 130 mother-infant dyads participated; among which 122 attended follow up at 6 weeks. 108 infants were on breastfeeding and 14 mothers had reported they had stopped breastfeeding. LATCH score of the mother-infant dyads who continued breastfeeding for 6 weeks postpartum was 8.4±1.2 and those who stopped breastfeeding had LATCH score 8.5±0.9. ROC curve does not show any acceptable cut off to predict breastfeeding at 6 weeks. Conclusion: Early breastfeeding assessment using LATCH tool within 36 to 72 hours postpartum could not predict breastfeeding duration. Further studies with large sample size are warranted.
Accuracy of Cytological Analysis in Metastatic Lymphadenopathy; a Retrospective Study.
(2016-01) Agarwal, Deepti; Awasthi, Seema; Dutta, Shyamoli
Background: Presently, fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is the preliminary, non-invasive test for diagnosis of suspected lymphadenopathy. Apart from its diagnostic yield, it helps identifying the origin, grading and typing of the metastatic lesions in many cases. Methods: In the present study, data of 369 patients with suspected neoplastic lymphadenopathy presenting to the surgical and medical outpatient department of our institute over a period of 3 years was collected. FNA biopsy was performed on the most prominently visible and palpable lymph node. The use of special stains was performed in selected cases. Results: Of 369 cases studied, cytological diagnosis was offered in 358 cases, while unsatisfactory smears were reported in 11 cases. Of these 358 cases where a cytological diagnosis of either primary or metastatic lymphadenopathy was given, 244 were males and 114 were females. Metastatic tumors in the lymph nodes were reported in 307 cases and lymphoma in 51 cases. The distribution of lymphadenopathy revealed involvement of cervical group in 222 cases, axillary group in 57 cases, supraclavicular in 28 cases & inguinal in 24 cases. The commonest primary tumor, metastasizing to lymph nodes was squamous cell carcinoma (52.44%). Conclusion: In our study, FNA biopsy proved to be a safe and non-expensive technique that provided a high diagnostic accuracy with zero false positive results, confirmed the presence of secondaries where primary tumor was evident and guided the response to medical treatment.
Acidogenic and Erosive Potential of Paediatric Liquid Medications- A SEM Based Study
(Society for Health Care & Research Development, 2019-11) Singh, Rahul Kumar; Pranav; Imran, Md.; Khan, Ajla; Kalita, Kongkana; Pandey, Vijayendra
Background: Dental erosion is a complex pathology of multifactorial etiology in which chemical, biological and behavioural factors influence the erosive process. The etiology has been related to the regular use of products with low endogenous pH and high acidity including liquid medicaments. Aim: To investigate the endogenous erosive potential of commonly used pediatric liquid medicaments. Methods: Endogenous pH and titratable acidity of eight commonly used pediatric liquid medicaments were measured using a digital pHmeter. 54 exfoliated or extracted primary and permanent teeth without any carious lesion, maintained in pediatric liquid medicaments were observed under SEM after 1 minute and 10 minutes of time intervals. Results: Most of the medicaments showed etched prism pattern on primary teeth and crater formation whereas etched prism pattern was seen on all permanent enamel surfaces. Conclusion: Evidence of dental erosion was observed on both primary and permanent enamel.
Acupuncture Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in a Specialized Acupuncture Center in Dhaka Bangladesh: A Case Report
(Scholars Publisher, 2022-04) Islam, S.M. Shahidul; Li, Huihui; Alim, S.M. Abdul; Yasmin, Sabina
Background: Two recognized antibodies, Rheumatoid Factor (RF) and Anti-Citrullinated Peptide Antibody (ACPA), are produced in rheumatoid arthritis to target common autoantigens that are expressed in and around the joints. Tobacco and microorganisms, as well as the relationship between genetics and environment, play a critical role in the progression of the illness (e.g. Porphyromonas gingivalis). Rheumatoid arthritis is visualized as a Th1 and Th17 illness in the first stages of the disease. There is a significant role for inflammatory cytokines in the hierarchy of RA processes. Additionally, RA-related joint degradation is mediated by the Wnt system and osteoprotegerin抯 impact on osteoclasts, as well as the matrix synthesis dysregulation that causes cartilage degeneration. Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which both innate and adaptive immunity have been shown to play a key role, thanks to the development of effective therapies for TNF-, IL-6 receptor, IL-1, CD20 B cells, and T-cell/Dendritic cell interactions.
Acute Delirium after Injectable Tramadol
(Society for Health Care & Research Development, 2018-03) Lal, Manu Mathew; Shah, Manhar; Rajpal, Deepali; Baviskar, Ajit
ntroduction: Delirium and confusional states are among the most common mental disorders encountered in patients with acute medical illness, particularly among those who are older. We report a case of tramadol induced acute delirium in a patient admitted in the emergency ward which was managed by stoppage of the offending drug. Case report: A 62 year old male presented to the emergency ward with complaints of acute abdominal pain and ultrasonography revealed cholithiasis. All other investigations were unremarkable and the patients was put on conservative management including tramadol for pain relief. Few hours later, the patient developed confusion, violent behavior, and started talking irrelevantly, which subsided after he was sedated with lorazepam. Next morning, after receiving another dose of injectable tramadol, the patient again developed delirium with similar symptoms as the night before. After thorough psychiatric consultation he was diagnosed with tramadol induced delirium. As a result, tramadol was discontinued and the patient recovered completely. Conclusion: Tramadol, a commonly used analgesic in emergency and surgical settings, can lead to delirium. It is important for emergency physicians to have a high index of suspicion so that they can promptly identify the offending drug and take corrective measures.
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) as a Cause of Unfortunate Maternal Fetal Demise during the Japanese Encephalitis Epidemic - A Case Report.
(2016-03) Khandaker, Shamim; Munshi, Shabana
Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is defined as the acute-onset of fever with change in mental status and often with new onset of seizures. Japanese encephalitis has been considered as the leading cause of AES in India. JE with pregnancy causes diagnostic dilemma especially in 3rd trimester if the patient presents with convulsion and altered sensorium; as in our case. It is often confused with eclampsia. But careful history and clinical investigation is helpful towards correct diagnosis
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy: A Case Report
(Society for Health Care & Research Development, 2018-03) Patil, Sonal; Rao, Bhushan; Moray, Arun
Diagnosing the aetiology of jaundice is extremely important in pregnant patients as certain conditions like Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP), HELLP syndrome and intra-hepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) may require early termination of pregnancy even in the presence of jaundice and or coagulation failure. Once diagnosed, prompt delivery is associated with a significantly improved outcome. A 20 years old primigravida patient with 34 weeks pregnancy presented to outpatient department of obstetrics and gynecology department of SBH Government Medical College, Dhule, with nausea, vomiting, jaundice, ascites and coagulopathy. The patient was subjected to detailed work-up including laboratory investigations and radiological examinations. A diagnosis of acute fatty liver of pregnancy was made based on the Swansea criteria. The labour was induced with delivery of live male fetus of 2.1 kg in good condition. The case of AFLP was managed using supportive treatment in intensive care unit with blood products, careful fluid management and prevention of hypoglycaemia. Careful history and physical examination in conjunction with compatible laboratory and imaging results are often sufficient to make the diagnosis and liver biopsy is rarely indicated.
Acute Painful Peripheral Diabetic Neuropathy: A Life Limiting Morbidity and it’s Treatment
(Society for Health Care & Research Development, 2019-05) Athwal, Pal Satyajit Singh; Aakriti, Soni; Nijjar, Shahbaz Singh; Fonseca, Maria Beatriz; Kumar, Chandan
Diabetes is a pandemic disease and the painful neuropathy is one of the most debilitating complications. It is characterized by constant, sudden onset burning pain along with paresthesia and intermittent sharp, shooting pain, usually involving the extremities. It handicaps the daily activities of the patient, interferes with sleep and also affects the mood. Case: We report the case of a 30-year-old male, with Type 1 DM who presented with complaints of painful neuropathy in the lower extremities. Conclusion: Painful neuropathy is an increasing threat and is often not detected or misdiagnosed due to inconsistent definitions and lack of diagnostic criteria. The knowledge of this condition in very important not only to diagnose it but also to appropriately manage a case, from the widely available pharmacological options.
Acute Phase Response and its Effect on Short Term Outcome of Bangladeshi patients after On-Pump Cardiac Surgery
(Scholars Publisher, 2022-04) Khan, Omar Sadeque; Hoque, Rezwanul; Rahman, Md. Mostafizur; Morshed, Jesmeen; Saha, Heemel; Imtiaz, Nasif
Background: Throughout any surgical procedure, the immune system is generally activated as a physiological response to the surgical trauma. Cardiopulmonary bypass can trigger the inflammatory response in three ways: direct contact activation of the immune system due to exposer of blood to foreign surfaces, ischaemia-reperfusion injury to vital organs as a result of aortic cross clamping, and splanchnic hypoperfusion. Objective: The aim of the study was to observe the acute phase response variables in Bangladeshi patients and to assess the acute phase response and morbidity of the patients after prolonged bypass surgery.Methods:This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, BSMMU from January 2009 to December 2010. Fifty patients were selected for the study and were divided into 2 groups on the basis of cardiopulmonary bypass time. Group I was cardiopulmonary bypass time less than 90 minutes and Group II was more than 90 minutes. Data were stored and analyzed with standard computer software (SPSS-15). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The mean duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time (55.76�.8 in group I, 131�.35 in group II; P<0.001) and Aortic cross clamp time (28.48�31 in group I, 83.48�.99 in group II; P<0.001) was higher in group II than group I. Analysis of outcome variables showed that mean postoperative ventilation time was 6.24�20 in group I and 9.16�33 in group II. There was significant difference in the ventilation time between two groups (P<0.001). This study showed that there is a definite relationship of wound infection with the prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time (P<0.001) and also persistently rising CRP increases the chance of wound infection.Conclusions:We may conclude that prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time is associated with increased acute phase response and morbidity of Bangladeshi patients.
Acute Pulmonary Embolism - A Clinical Review.
(2017-01) Manitha, K; Ravindra, G
Acute pulmonary embolism is a life threatening condition with a high mortality rate. If diagnosed early, the patient outcome is better. Therefore, early assessment, diagnosis and appropriate treatment are a key to successful management of the patient. This article discusses two (2) cases of acute pulmonary embolism of different aetiologies and also undertakes a review of the literature with regards to classification systems, risk stratification, diagnostic tools and recent advances in management of pulmonary embolism.
Acute renal failure in pregnancy at a tertiary level hospital in Mumbai: An epidemiological profile.
(2016-09) Pandey, Dharmendra; Redkar, Neelam
Background: To study the clinical profile of pregnancy related acute renal failure, management and outcome in terms of cure, maternal morbidity and maternal – fetal mortality. Methods: This is a prospective observational study carried out on hospitalized patients in our hospital over a period of fourteen months (August 2007 – September 2008) after approval from the ethical clearance committee. Results: A total of 41 patients, with age ranging between 15 – 45 years. The majority of the patients 25 (60.98%) were multigravida and 16 (39.02%) were primigravida. The bimodal frequency pattern were also observed in our study, first between 19 to 24 weeks of gestation and second around 31 to 36 weeks of gestation. The incidence of PR-ARF was about 1 in 270 pregnancies. Sepsis was the commonest cause of PR-ARF (46.34 %) followed by Toxaemia of Pregnancy (31.69%) and Haemorrhage (14.62%). The incidence of septic abortion as a cause of PR-ARF has declined to 7.31%. Oliguria was the commonest symptom (58.53%). Fluid overload was the most common complication encountered (33.33%). Conclusion: Incidence of PR-ARF is still high in our country as compared to western countries. Multigravidas were more commonly affected than primigravidas. Sepsis was the commonest cause of PR-ARF followed by toxaemia of pregnancy and haemorrhage. Maternal and fetal mortality were high , 17.07 % and 2.43 % respectively.
Acute subdural haematoma and its various aspects; A Clinical study
(Society for Health Care & Research Development, 2019-05) Sabharwal, Sudhir; Jamwal, Narita
Acute subdural hematoma is one of the most common types of intra cranial hematoma caused by trauma accounting for more than 20% severe head injuries and resulting in highest mortality. Various studies have been made to understand the consequences and surgical outcomes of SDH patients. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the clinical spectrum and assess the outcome of surgery in SDH patients. Methods: Present study included 50 patients of both sexes from 1 to 70 years age group with head injury, diagnosed to have traumatic subdural haemorrhage. Clinical examination included pupillary anisocoria, hemodynamic status, extent of hematoma either focal or diffuse, midline shift, GCS, status of basal cisterns, blood pressure. All the patients included in the study underwent surgical procedure for the removal of haematoma. Results: There was 100% mortality rate in patients with bilaterally dilated pupils. Whereas, there was 24.13% and 5.5% mortality rate respectively in unilateral dilated and normal pupil patients. Most of the patient had GCS <8 (40%), followed by GCS 9-12 (34%) and GCS 13-15 (26%) at the time of admission in the hospital. Further, GCS <8, GCS 9-12and GCS 13-15 were found in 32%, 40% and 28% correspondingly in patients after resuscitation. Conclusion: Findings of present study showed that there was an inverse relation between interval between injury and surgery with prognosis, Greater the interval poor will be outcome of surgery. Basal cistern obliteration is a reliable marker of increased intra cranial pressure which is responsible for poor outcome. Further, hypotension is also one of the important factors affecting the outcome of surgery in SDH patients.
Adenoma Malignum of Cervix – How Useful is Clinico- Radiological Diagnosis.
(2017-01) Sharma, B B; Bhardwaj, Naveen; Dewan, Sakshi; Aziz, Mir Rizwan
Adenoma malignum (AM) is a rare type of variant of cervical cancer. The entity remains silent because of common complaints of erratic menstrual cycles and leucorrhea in peri-menopausal age group of females. The imaging modalities play a great role in clinching the diagnosis before the final confirmation by histopathological examination. We present 60- years old post menopausal woman who reported to gynecology outpatient department with complaints of per vaginum bleeding and watery discharge of six months duration .She was evaluated by cross imaging modalities of ultrasound (US) ,color flow imaging(CFI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with working diagnosis of adenoma malignum of cervix..This was subsequently confirmed in histopathological examination. The importance of the case lies because of the early diagnosis by clinic-radiological evaluation in the light of poor prognosis and early dissemination of this entity.
Adenomatoid Tumor of Epididymis: A Rare Case Report
(Society for Health Care & Research Development, 2018-01) Kaur, Simrat Jit; Rani, Shilp; Prabhjot; Kundal, Ramesh Kumar; Vikram
Adenomatoid tumors are rare benign neoplasms of the paratesticular region, most commonly occurring at the tail of the epididymis. We present a case of adenomatoid tumor in a 65 year old male, known case of prostatic adenocarcinoma, who presented in Urology OPD with painless swelling in testis. Bilateral orchidectomy was done with clinical suspicion of testicular carcinoma. On histopathology, diagnosis of adenomatoid tumor of epididymis was made. Due to its rarity, it is important for the physician and pathologist to be aware of this interesting entity in order to make a correct diagnosis.
Adenosine Deaminase as a Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Tubercular Pleural Effusion
(Society for Health Care & Research Development, 2018-05) Agarawal, YB; Garg, Nita; Shukla, Jyoti
Background:The aim of our study was to study and compare the levels of Adenosine deaminase, total proteins and glucose levels in tubercular and non tubercular Pleural Effusion patients, and simultaneously to establish the diagnostic utility of Pleural fluid adenosine deaminase activity in tubercular pleural effusion. Study Design: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted on patients attending the Out Patient Department or admitted in Medicine or Pulmonary Ward of SMIH, Dehradun (UK) for a period of 6 months from Aug2017 to Jan 2018. 56 cases of tubercular pleural effusion above 15years were selected randomly for the study. The control group consists of 54 subjects of non tubercular pleural effusion. Exclusion criteria was age below 14 years & those who were not willing to participate. Inclusion criteria was age above 14 years, Pleural fluid smear positive for AFB or fluid culture positive for mycobacteria tuberculosis, positive sputum culture, positive pleural biopsy. All the cases and controls were subjected to complete history, clinical examination and pleural fluid estimation for ADA, protein and glucose. Material & Method: Both the cases and controls were subjected to complete history taking, clinical examination and pleural fluid estimation for ADA, protein and glucose. The pleural fluid sample was processed on Vitros 250 for glucose & protein and on semi autoanalyzer (Erba chem) for ADA.Results & Conclusion: In the test group the Mean ± SD of ADA activity was 103.29±61.26 IU/l whereas in control group it was25.0±18.2 IU/l. Thus the activity of ADA in the test group was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.0001). In the test group, the Mean ± SD of glucose level was 65.80±29.27 mg/dl and in the control group was 123.1±79.9 mg/dl. Thus the level of glucose in the control group was higher than the test group (p<0.0001). Similarly the mean values of protein were found to be much higher in test group (4.69±0.97 gm/dl) as compared to the control group (3.2±1.0 gm/dl), which was found to be highly significant (p<0.001).
Adenotonsillectomy Operation in Children is Effective to Improve Otitis Media with Effusion
(Scholars Publisher, 2022-04) Bhuiyan, Md. Mostafa Kamal Hossain; Hossain, Salma; Hossain, Mohammad Amzad; Haque, Mohammad Anamul
Background: OME usually present because of the associated hearing impairment, defective speech and sometimes with a preceding history of fever and otalgia consequent on an episode of acute otitis media. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate adenotonsillectomy operation in children is effective to improve otitis media with effusion.Material & Methods:This was a clinical study done in the otolaryngology department of medical college for women and hospital, Uttara, Dhaka from January 2003 to December 2005 for three years. Children with 4 to 15 years of age admitted with chronic tonsillitis and enlarged adenoid having otitis media with effusion were included in the study. Statistical analysis of the results was obtained by using window-based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-22).Results:All of these patients underwent adenotonsillectomy operation and were followed up for up to six months. The overall success rate of resolution of middle ear effusion was 81% at six months post operatively.Conclusions:Our findings demonstrated that adenotonsillectomy operation is effective for the treatment of persistent otitis media with effusion due to chronic tonsillitis with enlarged adenoid.

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