Annals of International Medical and Dental Research
Permanent URI for this collection
Editor-in-Chief: Dr Rohit Varshney
ISSN (Print): 2395-2814 ISSN (Online): 2395-2822
Frequency: Quarterly
Language: English
Open Access Peer-reviewed journal
Web site: https://aimdrjournal.com/Default.aspx
Browse
Browsing Annals of International Medical and Dental Research by Issue Date
Now showing 1 - 20 of 1863
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Pandemic Influenza: Current disaster.(2015-04) Moinuddin, ArsalanItem Comparative Study of Histo-Pathological Effects of Mercury on Cerebrum, Cerebellum and Hippocampus of Adult Albino Rats.(2015-04) Ranjan, Brajesh; Husain, S M Dawar; Kumar, Kundan; Maheshwari, Tarun PrakashBackground: Previously it was thought that mercury sulphide in low dose shows good therapeutic effect without producing toxic effects in the human beings. Symptoms like ataxia, speech impairment, visual field constriction, deafness, tremors, mental retardation, coma and even death has been reported due to chronic use of this heavy metal. The aim of our present study is to compare histopathological changes in different parts of brain, so that clinical symptoms following mercury intoxication can be explained. Methods: Freshly prepared sterile solution of mercuric chloride in distilled water (0.33 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered daily to total number of 30 adult albino rats (15 males and 15 females) for a month. 3mm thick sections were taken from cerebrum, cerebellum and hippocampus parts. These sections were processed and then stained by haematoxylin & eosin to be observed in light microscope. Results: Histological pictures of all the three areas were suggestive of multiple foci of necrosis with gliosis. Marked congestion of vessels with perivascular necrosis was also noticed. Increased cellularity of granular layer and molecular layer in cerebellum and hippocampus were seen respectively. Conclusion: The histopathological examination revealed that normal cytoarchitecture of all the three areas of brain were distorted resulting in various neurological disorders.Item Timely Intervention Instead of the Type of Equipment Does Change the Outcome in a Life Threatening Condition: A Case Report.(2015-04) Batra, Vivek; Goel, Nitesh; Mittal, Amit; Malik, SunnyWe report a case of use of semi rigid intubating bougie to intubate a patient with large thyroid swelling in life threatening airway emergency in the absence of sophisticated equipments.Item A Comparative Study of Fentanyl and Dexmedetomidine in Attenuating Haemodynamic Response of Laryngoscopy and Intubation.(2015-04) Das, Bikramjit; Palaria, Urmila; Sinha, Ajay K; Kumar, Santosh; Pandey, VijitaBackground: Dexmedetomidine is a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist. In this study, we compared dexmedetomidine to fentanyl in attenuating sympathetic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Methods: Eighty ASA grade I-II patients requiring tracheal intubation were included in this prospective study and were randomly assigned to the dexmedetomidine (Group D) and fentanyl group (Group F) (40 patients in each group). Both the drugs were given at 1 μg/kg dose prior to laryngoscopy. We assessed heart rate, blood pressures and complications (bradycardia, hypotension and sedation). Results: The two groups were comparable in demographic parameters. The baseline mean heart rate (P=0.94) was not significantly different between Group F and Group D. Increase in heart rate after laryngoscopy and intubation was significantly lower in Group D compared to Group F (P=0.039). Mean heart rate remained lower at one minute after intubation in Group D but it was not statistically significant (94.64 s vs 86.28 sec). The difference in mean heart rate between two groups was comparable at three, five, ten and fifteen minutes after intubation. The baseline Mean arterial pressure was comparable between the groups (P=0.83) and remained similar throughout 15 minutes after intubation. Group D showed significant hypotension compared to Group F (P=0.03), whereas there was no significant bradycardia between these groups (P=0.19). Mean sedation score is higher in Group D compared to Group F. Conclusion: At 1 μg/kg dose, both dexmedetomidine and fentanyl cause partial attenuation of sympathetic response to laryngoscopy and intubation but dexmedetomidine blunts this response more effectively than fentanyl.Item A Prospective Study Comparing Single with Multiple Antibiotic Prophylaxis Dose in Elective Cholecystectomy.(2015-04) Chaudhary, Rajesh; Sharma, Sanjeev; Chaudhary, Sudarshan; Thakur, Sunil; Shukla, Ankit; Sharma, ManjeetBackground: Cholecystectomy is one of the commonest, clean and contaminated surgery operations performed by the surgeons worldwide. Antibiotic prophylaxis in elective cholecystectomy is a controversial issue and our study was undertaken to evaluate the rate of infection and the usefulness and efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in elective cholecystectomies. Methods: The study comprised of 100 patients admitted for elective cholecystectomy. The first fifty patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy were given the prophylactic antibiotic outside the operation theater in the wards and the next fifty patients were given a single dose of injection cefuroxime (1.5 gm i.v). Results: In single dose antibiotic prophylaxis group 10.52% people developed surgical site infection in open cholecystectomy group while patients developed infection in laparoscopic cholecystectomy group but in multiple dose group 16.21% patients who underwent open cholecystectomy developed a surgical site infection while 10% developed an SSI in laparoscopic cholecystectomy group. In both the groups, results are statistically not significant. Conclusion: This study document that one single dose of prophylactic antibiotic, administered at induction of anaesthesia, is sufficient to prevent post-operative infective complications in patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy.Item Role of ‘Gokshuradi Yog’ in Early Symptomatic Relief in Urinary Tract Infection in Children.(2015-04) Verma, Narsingh; Kalpana; Verma, AjayBackground: Gokshuradi Yog used from for strengthening and functioning of genitourinary tract. The study aims to study the role of this Ayurvedic medicine along with antibiotic in early response to treatment of urinary tract infection in children. Methods: This study was conducted on 52 children (32 girls and 20 boys). They had symptomatic and culture proven urinary tract infection. They were randomly allotted the treatment group and control group. Patents in control were given the antibiotics for seven days and were evaluated every alternate day for symptomatic relief. Similarly the patients in treatment group were started the antibiotics along with preparation of ‘Gokshuradi Yog’ for seven days and were evaluated every alternate days. Repeat culture was performed on seventh day of treatment and the final result was evaluated. Results: The most common organism grown on culture was Escherichia coli in 39 patients (22 girls and 17 boys). Of the 28 children in treatment group 26 were asymptomatic in 2 days however they continued to be on therapy for seven days. Two patients were symptomatic even after four days, one of whom was culture positive even after 7 days of treatment and was put on intravenous antibiotics. Six out of 24 patients in control group were asymptomatic in two days; the 18 remaining patients were symptomatic even till day seven of treatment out of which two patients were culture positive. Conclusion: Patients when treated with ‘Gokshuradi Yog’ along with the antibiotics brings early symptomatic relief in children suffering from culture proven UTI.Item A Comparative Study Evaluating I-gel and Air-Q LMA for Ventilation in Anaesthetised and Paralysed Patients.(2015-04) Bhandari, Geeta; Mitra, Subhro; Shahi, K S; Chand, Gyan; Tyagi, AbhilashaBackground: The aim of study is to compare I-gel and Air-Q supraglottic airways in terms of - success rate of device insertion, number of attempts taken, haemodynamic parameters before and after device insertion, incidence of trauma and postoperative sore throat, dysphagia. Methods: This randomised single blind study was conducted on 90 patients of age 18-60 years, undergoing elective surgery requiring general anaesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated in two groups- Group I: I-gel (n= 45), Group II: Air-Q (n=45). After preoxygenation, induction and muscle relaxation appropriate size I-gel or Air-Q was inserted and all parameters were noted by an independent observer. For statistical analysis, Student t-test was employed to compare the means and Chi-square test was used for categorical variables. Complications were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Results: The demographic profile of patients in both groups was similar. In all patients supraglottic airway device was inserted within 3 attempts. Mean insertion time in first attempt for I-gel (25.85 ±1.7 sec) was found to be significantly lower than Air-Q (26.73±1.51 sec) [P=0.0128]. Conclusion: We conclude that I-gel is easier and safer than Air- Q when ventilation through LMA is intended during surgery.Item Alien Genes in Our Genome.(2015-04) Varshney, RohitItem Electric Current Causing Sigmoid Perforation: Case Report.(2015-04) Sharma, Manjeet; Kaundal, Pawan; Sharma, Parikshit; Chaudhary, RajeshPost electric burn sigmoid perforation is a rare but dreadful complication. It can lead to increased chances of mortality/morbidity if any delay is made during diagnosis or active management. We report a case of electric current burn on left hand, forearm, arm and shoulder with perforation of sigmoid colon with successful management by primary closure.Item Epidemiology of HIV in India and Scotland.(2015-04) Moinuddin, ArsalanItem Biodegradable Implants in Orthopaedics.(2015-04) Vatchha, Sharookh P; Kohli, Amit; Tripathi, Sanjay Kumar; Nanda, Saurav Narayan; Pradhan, Prasant; Shiraz, Shaikh MuzammilBioabsorbable materials are more commonly used now days in orthopaedic surgeries. Bioabsorbable implants for fracture fixation, and meniscal repair. These implants provide the advantages of gradual load transfer to the healing tissue, reduced need for implant removal, and radiolucency, which facilitates postoperative radiographic evaluation and no hinderance in second surgery. These also carries disadvantages like, more expensive, having less strength than metals, tissue reactions including mild fluid accumulation, painful erythematous fluctuating papule, sterile sinus tract formation, osteolysis, synovitis, and hypertrophic fibrous encapsulation. We advocate more researches to be carried out for the best suitability of these materials in orthopaedic surgeries.Item An Experience with a Different Conservative Management of Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor.(2015-04) Goyal, Arun Kumar; Vishal; Khan, Mohsin; Kumar, Ashish; Srivastava, ApoorvBackground: The aim of our study is to share our experience with conservative management of odontogenic keratocyst, and also to study the role of carnoy’s solution in prevention of recurrence of small keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KCOT). Methods: 29 consecutive patients with 30 KCOT treated in department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery in Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental college, Moradabad, UP. Initial biopsy was carried out in all patients and the OKCs were diagnosed after histological examination by the Oral Pathology Department. Out of 26 KCOT which were treated with enucleation alone, 14 patients were subjected to additional burning of cyst epithelium by carnoy’s solution. 4 large OKC which might undergone pathological fracture were treated by two stage surgery marsupialization followed by enucleation. Results: The majority of the lesions (17 patients, 56.7%) occurred in the mandibular third molar region. Recurrence occurred in 4 patients, in which 3 of them were from enucleation group and one of marsuplization and enucleation group.All the caseswere monitored continuously with panoramic radiographies and clinical evaluations.curettage of the remaining lesion. The average follow-up was 15 months. Conclusion: Use of carnoy’s solution with enucleation has definite advantage over the conventional enucleation. Further large KCOT can be conservatively treated with low morbidity with Marsupilization followed by enucleation successfully. The systematic and long-term post-surgical follow-up is considered to be a key element for successful results.Item Spontaneous Thrombosis of above knee perforator veins of the lower limb: A Case Report.(2015-04) Ali, Adil Mahmud; Sinha, Shanker Prasad; Sharma, Subhash ChandraVaricose veins have troubled mankind for thousands of years, and their various treatments and complications have been documented from the times of Hippocrates. Although thrombophlebitis is a relatively common condition in the superficial veins of the upper or lower limbs, it usually follows some intravenous intervention or trauma. Thrombosis followed by thrombophlebitis in varicose veins has seldom been reported in literature but the occurrence of spontaneous thrombosis in only the above knee perforator veins of the lower limb has been seldom mentioned. We report the case of a patient with long standing varicose veins of the left lower limb presenting with spontaneous thrombosis of only the above knee perforators and our subsequent management.Item Morphometric and radiological evaluation of the stylohyoid complex in man.(2015-07) Haroun, Heshmat S WStyloid process is a long & slender part of temporal bone. It measures 2 to 3 cms in length and lies antero-medial to the mastoid process. An elongated and abnormally angulated styloid process can compress the vital vessels and nerves close to it .This can lead to pain, foreign body sensation in the pharyngeal region, compression dysphagia, cervical pain, Eagle’s syndrome. Eagle’s syndrome is often misdiagnosed due to its vague symptomatology. The diagnosis relies on detail history taking, palpation of styloid process in tonsillar fossa and imaging modalities. The awareness of the embryological cause and the clinical implications of an elongated styloid process are important for accurate diagnosis and treatment.Item Single Anomalous Pulmonary Vein Opening in the Left Atrium.(2015-07) Kumar, SushilThe four pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. They are the only veins in the post-fetal human body that carry oxygenated blood. They commence in a capillary network upon the walls of the air sacs, and join together form one vessel for each lobule. These vessels unite successively and form a single trunk for each lobe (three for right and two for left lung). The vein from middle lobe of the right lung generally unites with that from the upper lobe, so that ultimately two trunks from each lung are formed. They open separately into the upper and back part of the left atrium. Occasionally, three veins on the right side remain separate, and not infrequently the two left pulmonary veins end by a common opening into the left atrium. The number of pulmonary veins opening into the left atrium can vary between three and five in the healthy population. Here we are discussing single anomalous pulmonary vein opening in the left atrium.Item Congenital Renal Aneurysmal Arterio-Venous Malformation, mimicking Hydronephrosis; Doppler USG and MDCT Features.(2015-07) Kumar, M KrishnaRenal Arteriovenous malformations are very rare and accurate diagnosis ensures proper treatment of the patients. We report a 24 year young female patient of large AVM, presenting with pain in right lumbar region, detected on ultrasound and Multidetector computed tomography.Item Wake Up and Non-Wake up stroke: A comparative Hospital Based Study.(2015-07) Akram, Mohamad; Goel, Deepak; Mittal, ManishBackground: Almost 25% of all acute ischemic strokes occur during sleep with the patients or relatives become aware of the neurological deficits as they wake up. The present study was conducted with an aim to find out the prevalence of wakeup stroke along with clinical profile and outcome of wake up stroke as compared to non-wake up stroke. Methods: All patients of age group 18 years or more presenting with stroke during the 12-month study period were included. Data was compared with non-wakeup stroke by applying Chi square test, Fischer exact test and Yates corrections was used to evaluate the association between the variables defining the clinical profile and outcome. Results: Patients of non wake-up stroke were higher (63%) as compared to wake-up stroke (37%). Out of 37 wake-up stroke patients, ischemic stroke was found in 23(62.16%) and hemorrhagic stroke in 14(37.83%) patients. Out of 14(37.83%) wakeup strokes; in 8(57.14%) patients lesion was parenchymal and in 5(35.71%) multiple lesions were present. Higher incidence of diabetes mellitus in wake up strokes was found. Atherothrombotic and cardioembolic strokes contribute to majority of the cases of ischemic stroke. Conclusions: The incidence of stroke increases dramatically with advancing age irrespective of gender. .Diabetes mellitus emerged as the main risk factor in wake-up stroke. In wake up hemorrhagic stroke, the higher percentage of thalamic bleed was found. Improvement was appreciated more in non wake-up stroke as compared to wake-up stroke.Item Severe laryngospasm following LMA removal: Questionable role of symptomatic treatment for Upper Respiratory Infection: A case report.(2015-07) Haleem, Shahla; Tauheed, Nazia; Bari, Nigar; Sinha, Awantika; Ansari, M MWe present a case of life threatening laryngospasm following LMA removal in an asymptomatic infant with past history of watery nasal discharge, relieved of his symptoms by nasal drops. Child was operated for hernia under general anaesthesia with spontaneous ventilation on LMA with an uneventful intra-operative course.Item Diagnostic value of Plain Abdominal Radiograph, Ultrasonography and Clinical impression of the surgeon in acute peritonitis.(2015-07) Shukla, Ankit; Bharti, Ramesh; Chaudhary, Rajesh; Sharma, ManjeetBackground: Exact pre-operative diagnosis of peritonitis remains challenging despite proper history taking and clinical examination, as well as advancement in new imaging techniques. The objective of this study was to highlight the diagnostic value of radiological investigations and clinical impression of the surgeon in acute peritonitis. Methods: We enrolled 50 patients with clinical features suggestive of acute peritonitis, which required surgery, were included. Evaluation of patients was done by detailed history, clinical examination, plain abdominal radiography, ultrasonography examination and final diagnosis on surgery after stabilizing the patient. Pre-operative diagnosis based on history, clinical examination and radiological investigations was compared with the operative diagnosis based on the operative findings. Results: The age of these patients varied from 5 years to 73 years with the mean age of 40.7 years. The commonest cause of acute peritonitis was perforated duodenal ulcer. Based upon history and examination accurate diagnosis of acute peritonitis with its underlying cause could be made in 94% of patients. Accurate diagnosis of perforated duodenal ulcer peritonitis could be made in 92.59% of cases based on history and clinical findings. Clinically acute appendicitis and perforated appendix was diagnosed with the clinical accuracy of 91.66%. On plain abdominal X-ray in standing position free gas under the right dome of the diaphragm was seen in 64% of the cases. The left lateral decubitus X-ray revealed free gas in peritoneal cavity in 70% cases. In our study with the help of ultrasonography of the abdomen we were able to diagnose 85.71% cases of acute appendicitis and 75% of perforated appendix. Free fluid in the peritoneal cavity on ultrasound of the abdomen was present in 70% of patients. Conclusion: In majority of cases of acute peritonitis, clinical impression of the surgeon plays a vital role in reaching the diagnosis if detailed history and meticulous clinical examination is carried out. However detailed history and meticulous clinical examination and radiological investigations may not be a foolproof diagnostic in all cases of peritonitis and the particular issue is settled on laparotomy.Item Microorganisms governing genetic makeup of mosquitoes; Threat to Human life.(2015-07) Varshney, Rohit