International Journal of Anatomy and Research

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/158097

Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Ravindra Kumar Boddeti
ISSN: (Print)2321-8967 (Online) 2321-4287

Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.ijmhr.org/ijar.htm

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 944

High division abdominal aorta with tortuous iliac arteries.
(2013-04) Boddeti, Ravindra Kumar; Murudkar, Pradeep Kumar H
An accessory right hepatic artery arising from superior mesenteric artery and its clinical significance.
(2013-04) Yalakurthy, Srinivasarao; Vishnumukkala, Thirupathi rao; Srikanth, Polavarapu
Background: Knowledge of hepatic arterial vascularization and its variations have a significant relevance for the daily practice of hepato-biliary surgeon as well as radiologists and anatomists. The right hepatic artery normally arises from the hepatic artery proper, the continuation of the common hepatic artery which is a branch of celiac trunk. Sometimes the anatomical arterial variations are also very common in human beings especially in hepatic region. During routine dissections for undergraduate medical students at Department of Anatomy, in a 75 -year-old male cadaver, we found the right accessory hepatic artery arises from the superior mesenteric artery which supplied the right lobe of the liver along with normal right hepatic artery. In addition, a direct branch to the left lobe of the liver was seen arising from common hepatic artery. The arterial anomaly can be enlightened by embryonic development. The knowledge of existence of aberrant hepatic arteries, either accessory or replacing, is important because they may influence surgical and interventional radiological procedures.
Anatomy curriculum delivery-traditional vs modular (integrated) basis.
(2013-04) Boddeti, Dr Ravindra Kumar
Background: The main objective to introduce the anatomy in the medical profession is aims at providing comprehensive knowledge of the gross and microscopic structure and development of human body and to provide a basis for understanding the clinical correlation of organs or structures involved and the anatomical basis for the disease presentations. Since the decades right from the birth of medicine to till now anatomy is considered as a core subject and its knowledge is very essential to get into the medical profession.As per the very recent updates in medical curriculum, tremendous changes were taken place in the delivery of anatomy curriculum especially to the undergraduate students, curriculum delivery gradually changing towards the traditional (Regional) to the modular basis (Integrated).This paper aims to differentiate the various fit falls in the traditional and modular delivery of the curriculum especially in relation to anatomy.
INAUGURAL WELCOME NOTE.
(2013-04) Boddeti, Dr Ravindra Kumar
An anomalous origin of obturator artery and its clinical importance in humans.
(2013-04) Vishnumukkala, Thirupathi rao; Yalakurthy, Srinivasarao; Raj, Swayam Jothi Dorai
Background: Obturator artery is one of the medium sized parietal branches of the anterior division of internal iliac artery and it supplies the medial side of the thigh. It is the most variable vessel among the branches of the internal iliac artery. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on a total of 45 pelvic halves had been studied. The material consisted of adult subjects between the ages of forty and eighty five, from the dissection hall of department of anatomy of Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru, and Andhra Pradesh. The findings were observed and recorded. Results: Origin of obturator artery was most frequently a direct branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery, in 16 specimens (35.55%). It was arising from the inferior epigastric artery in 12 specimens (26.66%). It arose from the common trunk of inferior gluteal and internal pudendal artery in 6 specimens (13.33%) etc. Conclusion: The variations in obturator artery may lead to surgical complications during pelvic surgeries requiring suturing along the pelvic brim. The anomalies affecting the arterial patterns of the limbs are based on unusual selection of channels from primary capillaries. The most appropriate channel enlarges, whilst the others retract and disappear, thereby establishing the final arterial pattern and resulting in variations in the origin. Prior knowledge of the anatomical variations may be beneficial for vascular surgeons ligating the internal iliac artery or its branches and the radiologists interpreting angiograms of the pelvic region.
An Anatomical study on Dorsalis Pedis Artery.
(2013-07) Rajeshwari, M S; Roshankumar, B N; Vijayakumar
Background:The study of Dorsalis pedis artery and variations in its branching pattern has been reported sporadically. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the arterial supply on the dorsum of the foot. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on forty two dissected limbs of unknown sex and age from the department of Anatomy,BMCRI,Bangalore. Results and Discussion:The incidence of classical text book description was found to be very less in the present study. In 16.67% of cases the arcuate artery was completely absent, which was compensated by two large lateral tarsal arteries that provided the dorsal metatarsal arteries. In 9.52% of cases the dorsalis pedis artery was absent. Conclusion:The findings suggest that the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the foot has a poor nourishment.
High division of brachial artery with superficial course of radial and ulnar artery in left forearm.
(2013-07) Jayasabarinathan, M; Ratnasamy, S; Elizabeth, K Smitha; Hasna, A P
Background: Variations in the vascular pattern of the upper limb are common in Indian population. Brachial artery is a continuation of axillary artery, it divides into its terminal branches namely radial and ulnar arteries at the level of neck of radius in the cubital fossa. In the present case, brachial artery bifurcated at its commencement below the lower border of teres major. Both the terminal branches, ulnar and radial artery had superficial course along the medial aspect of biceps brachii. In the cubital fossa, radial artery gave off common interosseous artery. In the forearm, radial artery had more superficial course than ulnar artery. Knowledge of these variations is important during vascular and re-constructive surgery and also in evaluation of angiographic images. Superficial position of ulnar and radial artery makes it more vulnerable to trauma and more accessible to cannulation.
Bilateral multiple variations in the formation of the brachial plexus and its terminal nerves: A case report.
(2013-07) Mchonde, Gabriel J; Fabian, Flora M; Nondoli, Hortensia G
Background: Variations in formation of brachial plexus roots, trunks, divisions and cords are not uncommon and maybe of important in regional anaesthesia involving the upper limb. However, in the present case we are reporting a rare bilateral multiple variations observed during routine dissection on a 77-years-old embalmed male cadaver on left and right brachial plexus. Understanding the anatomical variations involving brachial plexus is important and might benefit the physicians, surgeons, anaesthesiologists and neuroanatomists during their routine procedures involving the cervical, axillary and the upper limb regions.
Editorial.
(2013-07) Boddeti, Ravindra Kumar
Unusual presentation of spermatic cord cyst in an adult cadaver.
(2013-07) Mahajan, Arpita; Mishra, Sabita
There are many lesions found in the inguinoscrotal region. The awareness and histopathological confirmation of masses in the inguinal scrotal region is necessary as some of them have prolonged clinical course with late recurrences. During routine dissection of the inguinal region of undergraduate teaching in Department of Anatomy a lump was found on the spermatic cord of a 45-50 year old male cadaver. This lump was found close to the left superficial inguinal ring, after dissection it was seen as protruding out of superficial inguinal ring and was attached to the spermatic cord which was thicker than those seen during routine dissection.
The gem in gastrocnemius: the fabella -Anatomical and radiological perspective.
(2013-07) Hassan, Ashfaq Ul; Hassan, Ghulam
Background: Sesamoid bones are small seed like bones which can be found in the hand, knee, and foot. Their unique structure works to protect the tendon, and to increase its mechanical effect. Examples of sesamoid bones include the os acromiale, os styloideum, metacarpal and hallux sesamoids, patella, os trigonum, os calcaneus secundarius, accessory navicular, os peroneum, and os intermetatarseum. The Sesamoid bones are so named because they resemble a sesame seed. WE present a brief description about Fabella , a small Sesamoid bone occasionally found in the lateral head of Gastrocnemius muscle, its surgical and medicl importance. Presence of Fabella can be confused with certain Orthopedic Problems.
Morphological features and morphometric parameters of human fetal vermiform appendix at different gestational ages.
(2013-07) Mohammad, Reshma; Velichety, Subhadra Devi; Thyagaraju, K; Azharuddin, M D; Jyothirmayi, K
Background: Vermiform appendix is a vestigial organ of variable position in the abdomen. Its location, size and shape are subject to alterations with the race of the population and limited information is available on developmental morphology and morphometry of fetal appendix. Materials and Methods: In the present study 60 appendix specimens from aborted human fetuses of 17-40 weeks gestational age and both sexes were studied by dissection method for age related morphological features and morphometric parameters. The morphological parameters observed include its location in relation to abdominal region, caecum and ileum, clock position, position of base in relation to caecal wall and direction of tip of appendix. The morphometric parameters of length, diameter and distance between ileo-caecal orifice and appendicular orifice were measured. Results: The location of appendix in relation to abdominal region presented higher incidence of sub-hepatic position in less than 30 weeks fetuses and right iliac fossa location in more than 30 weeks fetuses. Discussion: in comparision with the literature available on adult vermiform appendix the observations in the present study are in favor of influence of developmental processes on the localization of appendix including its base, ileo-caecal orifice, direction of tip, distance from McBurney’s point. Conclusion: Results of this work suggests variability in localization of appendix during prenatal development and the influence of gestational age, sex, size, growth of caecum and gut on its final position and was different from that of adults. There is increase in the morphometric parameters of appendix with increase in gestational age. Both morphological and morphometric parameters were different between sexes.
An unusual pancreatic arterial pattern: A case report.
(2013-07) Motwani, Rohini; Jain, Puja
Back ground: Pancreas is an important digestive gland in our body with wide range of both exocrine and endocrine functions. Pancreas has a rich vascular supply from the celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery. The superior pancreatico-duodenal artery (from gastro-duodenal artery) and the inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery (from superior mesenteric artery) runs in the groove between the pancreas and the duodenum to supply the head of pancreas. Pancreas also derives its blood supply from splenic artery which supplies its head, body and tail region. Profuse vascular supply makes it prone for haemorrhage and that may be the reason that pancreatic blood supply has always been an area of constant interest. In depth knowledge of the variations of blood vessels in this region is utmost important for the successful accomplishment of complex surgical procedures like resection of head of pancreas. The present case report brings in light abnormal pattern of vascularisation in the head region of pancreas and an unusual pancreatic branch from the junction of superior and inferior pancreatic arteries.
Cranial Anthropometry in 600 North Indian Adults.
(2013-07) Gupta, Sanjay; Gopichand, Patnaik V V; Kaushal, Subhash; Chhabra, Sudha; Garsa, Vipin
The present study was conducted on 600 adults, comprising of equal number of males and females, within the age group of 18 year and above and of North Indian origin. The purpose of study was to access the head length, head width and to find out the relationship of these parameters with each other. Cephalic Index was calculated. The data so obtained was compiled and analysed statistically to observe baseline data and then compared with previous available data. This data can be useful for experts in forensic and allied surgical branches. The average head breadth and head length found in study were 139.51 mm, 186.88 mm respectively in males and 136.19 mm, 177.74 mm respectively in females. On the basis this study it was concluded that North Indian males have dolichocephalic type of head and females have mesocephalic type of head.
Dicephalic parapagus – tribrachius – A case study.
(2013-07) Amrish, Tiwari; D C, Naik; P G, Khanwalkar; Meghana, Mishra
Background: Conjoined twinning is the most fascinating condition that affects human being as well as animals1,2,3. Their images have been found in cave drawings and carvings many centuries back. Like all monozygotic twins, conjoined twins are always of same sex. It is a fairly rare occurrence, exact statistics are not known, but are estimated to be 1 in 200,000 live births4 with a higher incidence in India and Africa. It is estimated that about 70 percent of conjoined twins are females. Approximately 40 to 60 percent of conjoined twins are stillborn, and about 35 percent survive only one day. The overall survival rate of conjoined twins is between 5 to 25 percent.
Fifth lumbar vertebra associated with absence of spinous process, laminae and inferior articular processes – A case report.
(2013-07) Kumar, Prathap; Kulkarni, Roopa
Background: The vertebral disorders are the ones which lead to disability and lot of health problems. Since the lumbar part of the vertebral column is the main weight bearing and weight transmitting region, if there is a defective development, the area for muscle attachment and the strong bony structure for the transmission of weight would be missing leading to instability at an early age. In the present case dry and processed fifth lumbar vertebra, of unknown sex which presented the features with absence of spinous process, laminae and the inferior articular processes on both sides which were obtained for teaching the medical undergraduate students in M.S.Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore. There was absence of spinous process, laminae and the inferior articular processes of fifth lumbar vertebra leading to a wide spina bifida with absence of laminae, inferior articular processes on both sides and spinous process of fifth lumbar vertebra which could be a developmental anomaly.
Mind Maps as learning tool in Anatomy.
(2013-07) Deshatty, Deepali D; Mokashi, Varsha
Aim of the study: A medical student has to read vast portion of anatomy in short time period. Mind maps are multi-sensory tool that may help medical students organize, integrate and retain information. The purpose of this study is first to see how mind mapping as a note-taking strategy facilitates medical students to learn anatomy better. Whether a relationship existed between mind-mapping and recall of information was assessed. Materials and Methods: First year medical students (2011 batch) of VIMS &RC, Bangalore were divided in 2 groups. Each group was having 50 students. One group was standard note-taking (SNT) and other was mind map group (MM). Same gross Anatomy topics were assigned for both groups. MM group was given training for mind mapping and asked them to study topic with mind maps. Theory exam was conducted on the given topic for both groups. Marks scored in the exam were compared. After exam a questionnaire was given to MM group to assess their opinion to mind maps. Result: Students belonging to MM group scored better than SNT group. Majority of students of MM group opinion was mind map as a better learning tool in gross Anatomy. Conclusion: Mind maps helped medical students in learning Anatomy. It should be encouraged as a learning tool in gross Anatomy along with standard note-taking method.
Crossed renal ectopia associated with malrotation of intestine- A rare case report.
(2013-07) Kulkarni, Roopa; Appaji, Ashwini C; Kulkarni, R N
Background: Kidneys and ureters demonstrate a wide range of anomalies due to its complex development. One such anomaly would be the crossed renal ectopia which is fusion of both kidneys on to one side and malpositioned at the pelvis. The occurrence of these anomalies, though rare, is due to multifactorial reasons. The renal anomaly was observed in a formalin fixed adult cadaver during the undergraduate medical dissection. The abdominal cavity, on opening, revealed malrotation of the gut with the large intestine on the left side and the small intestinal loops on the right side. The left renal fossa was empty due to fusion of the left kidney with the right kidney forming a lump kidney. The ureter of the left kidney was draining in to its normal position into the urinary bladder. The position of the lump kidney was in the right iliac fossa. It was having arterial feeders from the abdominal aorta and the common iliac arteries and was draining into the inferior vena cava and the right common iliac veins by 5 renal veins. Crossed renal ectopia rarely may be associated with malrotation of the gut. Awareness of such anomalies could be due to incidental finding and helps the surgeons and radiologists in their diagnosis and planning and preventing postoperative complications.
A study of neuronal profile of inferior olivary nuclear complex in foetal and adult human medulla.
(2013-07) Rao, B Narasinga; Padmini, M Pramila
Introduction: ION receives proprioceptive impulses from spino-olivary tract and conveys the fibers to the cerebellum through olivo-cerebellar tract. There is paucity of data in human olivary complex, hence the present study is done. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted with 15 adult brains and 25 fetuses of different gestations were perfused with 10% formalin and processed for histological examination. Obeservations: Rounded cells have been seen infiltrating the entire field. at 16 weeks of gestation. Segregation of neurons into principal, medial, and dorsal accessory olivary nuclei at 20 wks gestation. Discussion: Neuron differentiation into oval, round, multipolar types has begun at 40 wks gestation. Neurons in the olivary subdivisions are grouped in separate clusters as per Ramon y Cajal,1909; Scheibel and Scheibel, 1955, Bowman and King, 1973. Multipolar neurons dominated in adult inferior olivary nucleus. Conclusion: The greater development of neurons is a consequence of finer regulation of various movements of hands and finger associated with movement of head and eyes.
An unusual case of Synostosis of first and second rib.
(2013-07) Anupama, K; Kumar, Prathap J; Radhika, P M
Introduction: Congenital anomalies of the ribs are not so common but they are usually discovered as an incidental finding on routine radiography. Bicipital rib results due to fusion of cervical rib with the first rib or the first rib with the second. Its occurrence is not uncommon and more frequently unilateral. Observation: During routine course of osteology teaching we observed that the first rib had fused with the superior surface of second rib, on the left side. Fusion between the ribs had occurred 3cms from the tubercle of the first rib obliterating the first intercostal space anteriorly. Conclusion: The incidence of synostosis of ribs is 0.3% of the population. It is usually asymptomatic but they may cause musculoskeletal pain or intercostal nerve entrapment. Involvement of the 1st rib is one of the causes of thoracic outlet syndrome. A rib anomaly usually indicates an underlying systemic disease and might need surgical intervention. Hence the present paper is an attempt to highlight its morphological implications and clinical significance

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