International Journal of Physiotherapy
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Editor-in-Chief: Dr Srinivas Mondam
ISSN (P) 2349-5987 (O) 2348-8336
Frequency: Once in two months
Language: English
Open Access Peer-reviewed journal
Web site: https://www.ijphy.org/about-ijphy.php
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Item Identify Barriers And Their Association With Adherence To Physiotherapy Treatment Among Rural And Urban Geriatric Population In Patiala District(Vasinformatics, 2019-02) Anjum, F.; Sonia, S.Background: Adherence with the treatment has been identified as an essential factor that influences the success and outcomes of treatment. Undetected nonadherence is recognized as a reason for altered treatment programs and has been suggested as a reason for nonsignificant research outcomes. Methods: A total of 150 subjects (urban-30 females and 47 males, rural- 36 females and 37 males) were surveyed for information using structured self-questionnaire from outpatient physiotherapy centers, Punjabi University Patiala. Results: More than 95% (77 urban and 73 rural) of the elderly population. About 93.3% urban and 97.6% rural females were nonadherent whereas 91.4% urban and 100% rural males were nonadherent. Observations suggested a statistically significant relationship of barriers with adherence to physiotherapy treatment with location (p=0.0001*), physical therapy centre accessibility (p=0.0235*), difficulty travelling to physical therapy centre (p=0.0020*), paying expenses (p=0.0001*), longer treatment duration (p=0.0004*), less encouragement from family/spouse for exercise (p=0.0106*). A non-significant relationship was found with confidence to return to exercises once stopped (p=0.0998NS), difficulty in remembering exercises (p=0.7928NS), other medical condition (OA, incontinence) (p=0.0796NS), anxiety and depression (p=0.2860NS), ability to perform ADL/IDL (p=0.0888NS). Conclusion: The findings indicate that a very low level of adherence was observed among the elderly population to physical therapy treatment (6.6% urban, 2.7% rural females) and (8.5% urban, 0% of rural males). Elderly residing in rural areas are comparatively less adherent than urban elderly to physiotherapy treatment.Item The Effects Of Lumbar Stabilization Exercises On A Swiss Ball In Patients With Mechanical Low Back Pain(Vasinformatics, 2019-02) Khokhawala , A. M.; Gaurav , R.Background: Mechanical low back pain is one of the most common causes of discomfort amongst people all over. There are various exercises to reduce low back pain. Swiss ball exercises are one of the dynamic exercises which increase muscle strength, endurance, balance, and flexibility of the trunk while the individual leans on a swiss ball. Therefore the purpose of this study was to check the effects of lumbar stabilization exercises on a swiss ball in patients with mechanical low back pain. Methods: Forty participants out of which 30 were females and 10 were males who were suffering from mechanical low back pain between the age group of 20 to 60 years were included. They were divided into two groups, with each group having 20 subjects. One group was taught floor exercises, and the other was taught swiss ball exercises for two weeks thrice a week,i.e., six days. The pain and disability were checked with the Numeric Rating Scale, and Roland Morris Questionnaire scores respectively pre and post-intervention. Results: On comparison of the difference between both the groups the mean difference in the NRS and RMQ scores for floor group was one ± 1 and 0.75 ± 1.6(p<0.05). The mean difference in the NRS and RMQ scores for swiss ball group was 2.6 ± 0.5 and 3.7 ± 1.26(p<0.05). Conclusion: We can conclude that lumbar stabilization exercises on a swiss ball are effective in reducing mechanical low back pain compared to exercises done on the static surface.Item Association Of Non-Specific Low Back Pain And Disability Index With Lower Extremity Alignment Factors(Vasinformatics, 2019-02) Bagwe, S.; Varghese, A.Background: An array of risk factors contributes to non-specific low back pain. Apart from age, female gender, low educational status, obesity, occupation, and psychological factors, postural variations (including variations in the lower extremity) play a significant role in predisposing an individual to low back pain. Hence, while evaluating/examining a patient with back pain, the alignment of the lower extremity should be taken into consideration rather than restricting the evaluation to the lumbosacral region. Methods: 36 subjects (12 Males, 24 Females) with non-specific low back pain were assessed for pain and disability using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The measurements for lower extremity alignment factors (Pelvic angle, Angle of torsion of the femur, Quadriceps angle, Tibial torsion, and Navicular drop) were recorded bilaterally Results: There was a positive correlation of non-specific low back pain and disability index with the right pelvic angle (p=0.0012, r=0.51, and p=0.0003, r=0.56 respectively). Non-specific low back pain and disability index had no correlation with left pelvic angle (p=0.9101, r=0.01 and p=0.9794, r=0.00 respectively). Non-specific low back pain and disability index had a positive correlation with angle of torsion (AOT) of femur (Rt: p=0.0027, r=0.48, Lt: p=0.0084, r=0.43 and Rt: p=0.0039, r=0.46, Lt: p=0.0023, r=0.49 respectively), quadriceps angle (Q-angle) (Rt: p=0.0020, r=0.49, Lt: p=0.0014, r=0.51 and Rt: p=0.0019, r=0.49, Lt: p=0.0024, r=0.49 respectively) and navicular drop (Rt: p=<0.0001, r=0.61, Lt: p=0.0053, r=0.45 and Rt: p=0.0002, r=0.58, Lt: p=0.0048, r=0.46 respectively) bilaterally. Non-specific low back pain had no correlation with right tibial torsion (p=0.9269, r=0.01). Disability index had a positive correlation (not significant) with right tibial torsion (p=0.2427, r=0.19). There was a positive correlation (not significant) of non-specific low back pain and disability with left tibial torsion (p=0.1757, r=0.23 and p=0.0703, r=0.30 respectively). Conclusion: There was an association of non-specific low back pain and disability index with lower extremity alignment factors.Item Efficacy Of Muscle Energy Techniques As An Adjunct With Mulligans Mobilization In Adhesive Capsulitis Of Shoulder(Vasinformatics, 2019-04) Jaiswal, N.; Saketa, J.; Rajsekhar, H.Background: Adhesive Capsulitis most commonly referred to as ”Frozen Shoulder” is an insidious Painful Condition with progressive and gradual restriction of all planes of movement in the glenohumeral joint. Evidence shows Mulligan's mobilization with movement (MWM) mobilization technique is more effective than muscle energy techniques (MET) and conventional therapy in improving shoulder function. Therefore the present study intends to determine the efficacy of muscle energy techniques along with Mulligan’s mobilization with movement, in adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint. Methods: The present randomized controlled trial was conducted among 30 subjects including both sex groups aged between 40-60 years diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. They were randomly assigned into two groups with 15 subjects each. Group A received Mulligan’s mobilization alone, and Group B received Mulligan’s mobilization along with MET. Both the groups received the treatment protocol six times a week for three weeks. Pre and post evaluation of pain was done by using the short-form McGill pain questionnaire, range of motion by the Universal Goniometer and the functional disability by using Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Results: There was a significant improvement (P<0.05) in pre and post-intervention levels in both groups. Between groups analysis, the results are: a range of motion improved 30%, and the values are flexion with a p-value of 0.010, for abduction, internal and external rotations with a p-value of 0.000 except for extension with a p-value of 0.109. On comparison of SPADI using Mann Whitney U test, it showed 50% improvement with a significant difference with a p-value of 0.001 and McGill improved for more than 70% with a p-value of 0.000. Conclusion: Mulligan’s mobilization along with Muscle Energy Technique is found to be more effective in improving quality of life among subjects with adhesive capsulitis of shoulder than Mulligan’s mobilization alone.Item Comparative Analysis On The Efficacy Of Aerobic Capacity In Cardiac Rehabilitation Obese And Non-Obese Phase Ii Patient(Vasinformatics, 2019-04) Naqvi, M.; Khan, M. S.; Perwaiz, S.; Ibrahim, Q.; Khan, M. W.; Khan, T. Y.Background: Aerobic Exercise is a host of health benefits to reduce vigor risk and maintain body weight. The purpose of the present investigation is to determine the influence of aerobic exercises on body weight and Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) activity among cardiac rehabilitation phase II patients. The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of obesity on the efficacy of aerobic capacity. Methods: Fifteen obese (ten males, five females) and fifteen non-obese (eleven males, four females) participants of phase II cardiac rehabilitation were selected from a tertiary care hospital by their Body Mass Index (BMI). They were divided into two groups by simple random technique. Aerobic exercises were given for 12 weeks for post-CABG cardiac rehabilitation phase II obese and non-obese (healthy and overweight) patients. BMI and the Metabolic equivalent of task activity of cardiac rehabilitation phase II patients are measured by enrolling a patient in 12 weeks of aerobic exercises program. Results: The aerobic exercise shows a positive result in both obese and non-obese patients. Aerobic exercises improved metabolic equivalent of task in both obese(4.6667+_0.65134 ;< 0.05) and non-obese patients (4.6923+_.48038 ;< 0.05) significantly.But aerobic exercises were more effective in enhancing the efficacy of aerobic capacity in obese patients. Conclusion: It is evident that aerobic exercises are more effective for obese patients to maintain or reduces weight. Higher MET activity was observed in obese patients.Item Sonographic Evaluation Of Plantar Fascia Following Low-Level Laser Therapy In Plantar Fasciitis(Vasinformatics, 2019-04) Rubella, D. H.; Aseer , P. A. L.; Dev , B.; Jambu, N.Background: Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of inferior heel pain resulted from repeated trauma leading to a microscopic tear in the plantar fascia. There is a need to study the non-invasive nature of low-level laser therapy in reducing pain and enhance healing. Therefore the study aimed to find out the efficacy of low-level laser therapy in plantar fasciitis. Methods: The study design is a pre-post experimental design. Thirty patients(21 females & 9 males) with plantar fasciitis who fulfilled the inclusion criteria participated in the study. Baseline parameters using musculoskeletal ultrasonogram of the plantar fascia, numerical pain rating scale, ankle joint mobility testing and foot and ankle ability measure questionnaire were recorded. Subjects in the control group received ultrasonic therapy, while the experimental group received irradiation of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) for two weeks comprising 12 sessions and the above-specified outcome measures were re-evaluated after two weeks. Results: The results showed significant improvement in pain severity (p<0.04) and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (p<0.00) and ankle ability measure but no significant change in plantar fascia thickness following low-level laser therapy was observed. A positive correlation (r=0.9) was found between plantar fascia thickness and post foot and ankle ability measure-ADL scores (p=0.02). Conclusion: The findings suggest that low-level laser therapy helps in pain reduction and improving range of motion in plantar fasciitis with minimal effect on the thickness of plantar fascia.Item Effectiveness Of Retrowalking And Forward Walking Treadmill Training On Level Of C-Reactive Protein And Abdominal Adiposity In Untrained Young Adults: Protocol For A Comparative Study(Vasinformatics, 2019-04) Soman , A.; Kallidukkil , M. N.; Chandy, S.; Santhakumar , H.; Scaria, B.Background: Retro walking has been shown to require increased metabolic cost and cardiopulmonary demand compared with forward walking at the same speeds. Levels of C reactive protein and abdominal adiposity are related directly to the risk of cardiovascular disease. The study aims to compare the effect of retro walking treadmill training and that of forward walking treadmill training on C-reactive protein levels and abdominal adiposity in untrained young adults. Methods: In this comparative experimental study, 250 participants will be recruited by using purposive sampling and allocated randomly to two groups. One group will undergo retro walking treadmill training for five sessions a week for six weeks, and the other group will undergo forward walking treadmill training for the same period. The waist-hip ratio will be calculated, and blood samples to measure CRP levels will be taken before and after the 6-week intervention. Results: The data will be tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis, by the paired and unpaired t-tests and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Conclusion: To our knowledge, it is the first experimental study to compare the effect of retro walking treadmill training and forward walking treadmill training on C-reactive protein levels and abdominal adiposity in untrained young adults. The results of the study will throw light on which type of training, to what extent, might help lower cardiovascular4risk in young adults.Item Reading And Texting While Walking: Effect On Gait Indices In Healthy Young Females(Vasinformatics, 2019-04) Shaikh, A. A.; Shah, K.Background: Mobile phones are becoming one of the necessities now a day. Divided attention leads to affected performance in one or both tasks. Effects of such dual tasking using mobile while walking needs to be explored as the use of mobile phones during walking/stair climbing etc. are very common. Methods: 132 female students of age 18 yrs to 21 yrs were made for walking under three conditions (walking, walking and reading on mobile, walking and texting). Gait indices (step and stride length, toe out angle) were compared in all conditions using the paired t-test. Results: Step length, stride length reduced and angle of toe out increased significantly in reading during walking and texting during walking as compared to only walking (p<0.0001). Parameters during texting while walking showed maximum affection. Conclusion: Reading or texting during walking can affect walking performance adversely. You are texting while walking is most deleterious in the above three conditions.Item Anthropometric Characteristics And Physical Fitness Of Urban And Rural 8-10 Years Old School Girls Of Bahawalpur, Pakistan(Vasinformatics, 2019-04) Haq, M. Z. ul; Iqbal, A.; Afzal, A.; Ahmad , H.; Abbas, S.; Yaqoob , M.Background: The assessment of anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness assist the researcher in comparing the growth and health status of urban and rural school girls. Purpose of this research was to examine anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness of urban and rural school girls of district Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Methods: The participants were government primary schoolgirls (urban = 200), and (rural = 200), within the age of 8-10 years. The selected anthropometric and physical fitness variables were stature, body mass, skinfolds, girths, breadths, lengths, speed, standing broad jump, agility, ball throw, handgrip strength, endurance, and flexibility. A student t-test was applied to assess the difference between urban and rural school girls in their anthropometric and physical fitness measures. Results: Results showed the urban school girl was significantly superior in body mass, iliac-crest skinfold(P< .04), abdominal skinfold(P< .04), waist girth (P< .04), hip girth (P< .01), thigh girth(P< .01), arm length, and hand length. In contrast, the rural school girls were significantly higher in speed(P< .02), agility(P< .02), ball throw (P< .02), flexibility( P< .03), run and walk (P< .04) than the urban school girls. Conclusion: It is concluded the urban school girls were higher in skin folds and girths, indicate high body fats than rural school girls. As a result, urban school girls were lower in fitness capacity than rural because higher body fat reduces fitness performance. It is suggested the parents and school administration focus to provide such activities to improve physical fitness and reduce body fats of urban school girls. The future study focusses on investigating the effects of food intake on the anthropometric characteristics, and physical fitness of urban and rural school children.Item The Effects Of Smartphone Addiction On Childrens Cervical Posture And Range Of Motion(Vasinformatics, 2019-04) Alonazi, A.; Daher, N.; Alismail, A.; Nelson, R.; Almutairi, W.; Bains, G.Background: This study examined the effects of smartphones addiction on cervical posture, and compared the cervical range of motion (ROM) between addicted and non-addicted boys and girls 8 to 13 years of age. Methods: Twenty-four boys and 26 girls were assigned to 2 groups; addicted group (score > 32, n=32) and non-addicted group (score ≤ to 32, n=18). Craniovertebral Angle (CVA) was assessed using side view photographs, forward head posture (FHP) was measured using ImageJ 64 software, and cervical ROM in each direction was measured using a cervical (CROM) device. Results: A forward multiple regression showed that addiction score and body mass index (BMI) were significant predictors of CVA (R2 =0.31, p<0.001). Twenty-three percent of the variability in CVA was related to addiction score. A forward logistic regression showed that addiction to smartphone use and BMI were significant predictors of having FHP, and participants who were addicted were more than four times as likely to have FHP than those who were not: Odds Ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI)=4.5 (1.2, 10.7), p= 0.03. A significant reduction was found in mean cervical angle in addicted versus non-addicted boys (49.4±6.7 vs. 55.5±7.6,η2=0.5, p=0.03) and girls (47.3±6.3 vs. 52.9±6.1,η2=0.9, p=0.02). A significantly more limited cervical ROM found in most neck movements in addicted participants with FHP compared to participants without FHP. Conclusion: Children who are addicted to smartphones may develop faulty habitual posture due to constant neck flexion downward, which may place them at high risk of spine abnormalities.Item Effectiveness Of Neuro-Muscular Electrical Stimulations (NMES) In Reducing Subluxation Of The Shoulder After Stroke: Randomized Controlled Experimental Study(Vasinformatics, 2019-04) Haritha, A.; Kumari, S.Background: Shoulder subluxation in stroke is one of the most common and challenging squeals. Shoulder subluxation limits the patient’s daily activities, and it may lead to permanent disability. NMES (NeuroMuscular Electrical Stimulation) had been studied widely on shoulder subluxation with controversial results, but no evidence is reported of its effectiveness in shoulder subluxation. As NMES helps in producing strong contraction and thereby helps in improving the strength of the muscles and as it also helps in learning to contract appropriate muscles, this study was made to examine the Effectiveness of Electrical Stimulations in reducing Subluxation of the Shoulder after Stroke. Method: Study design, A Randomized control experimental design of 30 subjects. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups, experimental (NMES group) and control (Non-NMES group) with 15 subjects in each group. Outcome measures were taken before and after the intervention on both the groups by using ‘Pain Estimation Scale’ (PES), 'Subluxation Grading’ by X-rays (AP view) and upper arm section of ‘Motor Assessment Scale’(MAS). Experimental group electrodes were placed over posterior deltoid and supraspinatus. Treatment time was 30 mints two times a day for five days in a week and six weeks. Results: Comparison of electrical stimulation with non-electrical stimulation was done by considering the differences of pre and post treatments in both groups and significance is observed by using independent sample t-test. Statistical analysis proved that there was significant (p<0.05) improvement using NMES compared to NON-NMES in all the three parameters. Conclusion: Electrical stimulation has shown significant improvement in reducing shoulder subluxation, pain and increased motor recovery of the arm in stroke patients compared to the patient's given non-electrical stimulation training.Item Analysis Of Prevalence And Factors Influencing Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Among School Students In Thiruvallur District(Vasinformatics, 2019-06) R, J.; Ramachandran, A.; S, D.Background: The occurrence of AIS is on a high, which necessitates preventive measures at the earliest for which screening is essential at the school level. Prevalence of AIS around the world is 0.4- 5.2 %. Scoliosis leads to problems such as cosmetic deformity, quality of life, visible disability, backache, personal growth, autonomy, and reduced respiratory function. These problems can be prevented if scoliosis is diagnosed and treated earlier. To screen for AIS among selected schools and to analyze factors influencing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: A total of 3250 Students between age 11 to 15 years were screened for AIS from Thiruvallur district. The screening was performed at two levels using Adam’s forward bend test and scoliometer, respectively. A detailed analysis was performed on symptomatic AIS subjects (n=58) for various influencing factors and determinants. Results: The prevalence of AIS from 11- 15 years was 0.27%, 0.30%, 0.49%, 0.36% and 0.33% respectively. AIS-affected thoracic region (50%) of females (58%) with a predominant right sided curvature (55%). Bag type and weight, sitting posture in a classroom, study posture was found to influence AIS. Conclusion: This study emphasizes early screening of AIS for school children at the age of 11- 15 years based upon the high prevalence rates compared to global standards. Parents and teachers should be aware of the bag type and weight, sitting and studying posture for early prevention of AIS.Item Descriptive Study Of Hand Grip Strength And Factors Associated With It In A Group Of Young Undergraduate Students In University Of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Who Are Not Participating In Regular Physical Training(Vasinformatics, 2019-06) Nakandala, P; Manchanayake, J; Narampanawa, J; Neeraja, T; Sivanolipathan, P; Mafahir, M; Dissanayake, JBackground: Handgrip strength (HGS) not only reflects the strength of the upper limb muscles; it also reflects the overall strength of the skeletal muscles and physical fitness. Further, it is being used as an indicator of nutritional status too. Undergraduate students have been described as having low physical fitness due to their sedentary lifestyle in many studies. Therefore, this study describes the HGS and its association with gender, hand dominance, Body Mass Index (BMI), hand and forearm anthropometries in a group of young undergraduate students of the University who do not participate in regular physical training. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, and was conducted among healthy first-year residential undergraduate student population (n= 524, 350 females, 174 males, mean age= 21.31 ± 0.93). Main outcome measures were HGS, gender, hand dominance, BMI, hand length, hand span, handbreadth, forearm length, forearm girth, and wrist circumference. Results: HGS of the dominant hand of male students was 35.27 ± 5.91 kg, which is significantly higher (p< 0.05) than that of the females (19.52 ± 4.34 kg). However, it has a significant but weakly positive correlation with other variables measured except for forearm length. Conclusion: This study has provided an insight into the association of low HGS with physical inactivity in an academically oriented group where the BMI is within the normal range and the association of higher HGS with hand dominance and male gender.Item Effectiveness Of Cervical Stabilization Exercises With Feedback On Respiratory Status In Chronic Neck Pain Patients With Forward Head Posture(Vasinformatics, 2019-06) Pawaria, S; Sudan, D. S.; Kalra, S.; Yadav, J.Background: Chronic neck pain is observed to be commonly kindred with forward head posture (FHP). Rib cage mechanics is found to be altered that decreases thoracic mobility. This reduced mobility of thorax reduces the effectiveness of diaphragm, intercostals, and abdominal muscles in terms of ventilation. Therefore this study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of exercises meant for enhancing the stability of the neck with feedback on neck stabilization exercises with feedback in improving the respiratory status. Methods: This was an experimental study. Based on inclusion & exclusion criteria, 100 subjects (54 males and 46 females) enrolled for the study, which was further allotted into Experimental and Control groups. The experimental group was given Cervical Stabilization Exercise with feedback in addition to routine Physiotherapy treatment. Control group was given only regular Physiotherapy treatment for six weeks. The digital camera assessed the FHP by measuring of Craniovertebral Angle (CVA). Spirometry assessed pulmonary function (FEV1) and Micro RPM assessed inspiratory muscle strength (PImax). All measurements were taken on the day of study, on 3rd and 6th week Results: Significant reduction in forward head posture measured by improvement in Craniovertebral angle, improvement in Inspiratory muscle strength (PIMax) and pulmonary functions (FEV1) were found in the group that received cervical stabilization exercises with feedback along with the conventional Physiotherapy (p< 0.05). Therefore it is suggested that cervical stabilization exercises correct the head posture and helps to improve the biomechanics of respiratory muscles. Conclusion: Cervical stabilization exercise is an effective approach to correct the forward head posture, and it should be included in the intervention measures of patients with forward head posture.Item Leisure Time Activities And Mental Health Among Iran Older People: A Population-Based Study In Tehran(Vasinformatics, 2019-06) Zare, SMH; Tajvar, M; Nayeri, ND; Foroshani, AR; Kamrani, AAA; Sadr, AS; Pourreza, ABackground: Leisure activity helps the elderly to improve their physical and mental health. The purpose of this study is to determine the interlink between leisure activity and mental health in older people. Methods: We select 413 people over 60 years old(213 female and 200male).We collected data using GHQ 15-question survey, Nagi questionnaire, and a new reliable and validated the designed questionnaire. We analyzed our data utilizing spearman correlation, and regression analysis in SPSS21. Results: We report a relationship between recreational and religious activities in the absence of confounding factors but only religious activities were associated with mental health in the presence of confounding factors(p-value <0/0001). Among the confounding factors, physical health imposed the most significant effect. Conclusion: Considering the determinative effect of physical health on the types of leisure activity, and the significant relationship between the types of the elderly’s leisure activity and their mental health, having comprehensive planning in the physical health in older people is necessary.Item Efficacy Of Endurance Training On Deep Cervical Flexor Muscles Using Pressure Feedback In Mechanical Neck Pain(Vasinformatics, 2019-06) Karthi, M; Gopalswami, A D; Aseer, ALBackground: Mechanical neck pain is most prevalent in middle age and a common condition affecting 22 % to 70% of the general population. While the exact aetiology of the pain is unknown, most of the mechanical pain is due to mechanical factors such as sprains and strains of the neck muscles or ligaments. Methods: 60 subjects (male 33, female 27) with mechanical neck pain who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were chosen. After baseline evaluation of history, NPRS, cervical range of motion and Deep Cervical Flexor Endurance (DCF), the subjects were allocated into three groups which received DCF training by modifying the use of pressure biofeedback. Group 1 received DCF Training with Visual Pressure Biofeedback 10 repetition for three sets. Group 2 received DCF training without Visual Pressure Biofeedback 10 repetition three sets. And Group 3 received DCF training with Pressure Biofeedback (without visual input) 3 set of 10 repetitions. After 15 days of intervention, post-intervention measures of the variables were obtained. Results: Data were analyzed using SPSS 1 version. Between-group analyses showed that subjects in Group 1 have a statistically and clinically significant improvement (p-value< .005), pain (NPRS), cervical ROM, DCF endurance and Neck Disability Index when compared to the Group 2 and 3. The pre and post values for all the three groups within the group analysis showed a statistical and clinically significant difference. Conclusion: Deep Cervical Flexor Training with Visual Pressure Biofeedback provides better clinical improvement in terms of pain reduction, cervical flexion and extension ROM, DCF endurance, and Neck Disability Index score.Item Outcomes Of Physical Fitness For Young Males With Type Ii Diabetes In Ksa(Vasinformatics, 2019-08) Seyam, MK; Seyam, M KBackground: Diabetes mellitus is one of the common public problems that its prevalence increase incredibly in the last three decades in KSA. The purpose of this work is to investigate the physical fitness of young male subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus in KSA. Also, study the reliability of ALPHA-FIT test battery as easy, quick physical tools to test the physical fitness among Saudi society patients. Methods: Thirty males with type 2 diabetic were participated in the study and compared with thirty healthy volunteers represent the control group. The participants were investigated for their physical fitness by the ALPHA-FIT test battery. The seven categories of the test battery that forming the essential physical fitness for adults health and function. Results: The results of the study showed that there was a significant reduction in the physical fitness of the diabetic group compared with the control group. The cardiorespiratory fitness, the hand-grip is showing muscular strength, jump-to-reach indicating lower limbs power and strength, modified push-up owing to the trunk and upper limbs muscular endurance, standing on one-leg referring to balance state all results showing p-value < 0.05. In comparing both groups, there were no significant differences between diabetic and control groups regarding body mass index and waist circumference measures p-value > 0.05. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory fitness were significantly lowered in patients with diabetes compared to age matching people. Health awareness and early physical intervention are recommended to prevent this reduction of fitness.Item Effects Of The Exercise And Diet Programs On Body Mass Index And Fasting Blood Glucose Level In Overweight And Obese Subjects(Vasinformatics, 2019-08) ASLAN, D; MUAMMER, R; KURTULMUŞ, BA; DEVELİ, EBackground: Being overweight is a risk factor in developing many chronic diseases, and globally, the frequency of obesity rapidly increases. Our study aims to investigate the effects of an exercise program on Body Mass Index (BMI) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level in overweight and obese subjects who have a diet program. Methods: 61 overweight and obese women subjects were included in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The Control Group (CG) was included 32 women and received only a diet program. And, Experimental Group (EG) was included 29 women and received both diet and exercise program. A dietitian recorded weight, height, and BMI, and fasting blood glucose levels were recorded by blood test asking from subjects before and after program. Results: There was statistically significant decrease in BMI in both groups (p<0,05). When the CG and the EG group were compared, there was more decrease in the EG group. Fasting blood glucose level decreased statistically significantly in the exercise and diet groups (p <0.05). When the mean changes between the groups were compared, the difference in the FBG level in the exercise and diet groups was not statistically found even though it was higher than the dietary group. Conclusion: The 6-week exercise program which was applied in addition to diet programs for overweight and obese people led to improvement in BMI and FBG level, we think that a multidisciplinary team should follow these people.Item Efficacy Of Perturbation Training In Improving Balance And Function In The Management Of Knee Osteoarthritis(Vasinformatics, 2019-08) Bhaskar, B; Jimshad, T U; Solomen, SBackground: Subjects who are suffering from osteoarthritis of the knee will have problems including progressive loss of function, depending on walking, climbing stairs, and it may affect lower extremity functions. Balance is a major component required for the activities of daily living and functions. The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of perturbation training and conventional physiotherapy in improving balance and function in the rehabilitation of knee osteoarthritis. Method: Study design was an experimental study. Thirty subjects (16 males and 14 females) suffering from knee osteoarthritis were randomized into a control group and experimental group. Fifteen subjects in the control group were treated with traditional methods like ultrasound, stretching and strengthening, and fifteen subjects in the experimental group were given perturbation training along with the conventional method. Outcome measures used were Timed get up and go test score (TUG) and Functional reach test score (FRT) scales, pre-assessed on Day 1. Each group received 14 sessions of treatment, after which post-assessment of outcome measures was done. Results: Timed get up and go test score was reduced in both groups after training, which was statistically significant (p<.05). The functional reach test score was increased after training in both groups, which was statistically significant (p<.05). However, comparing between groups, the experimental group showed more reduction in TUG score and improvement in the FRT score, which was statistically significant (p<.05). Conclusion: Perturbation training given with conventional treatment was found to have a significantly better effect in improving the function of the lower extremity in OA knee subjects. However, a well-designed trial, including a larger sample size with repeated measurements, is needed to find out the effectiveness of training with perturbation in the management of knee osteoarthritis and generalize it in a larger population.Item Types And Risk Factors Of First Time Stroke: A Saudi Hospital- Based Study(Vasinformatics, 2019-08) Al-Shenqiti, A. M.Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the stroke types and the risk factors of the first-time stroke in the holy city of Madinah Munawarah. Methods: A prospective hospital-based research study was carried out over the year of 2014. The patients with the diagnosis of the cerebrovascular accident were enrolled in the study. The details of patients’ history, demographic data, stroke type, and risk factors were collected. Results: First-time stroke were determined in 164 patients (91 male and 73 female) during the entire periods of this study with a mean age of 67.52 ± 2.31 years. The prevalence of types of stroke was ischaemic strokes in 133 patients (% 81.1), intercerebral hemorrhage in 24 patients (14.63%), and subarachnoid hemorrhage in one patient (0.6%). The most common risk factors recorded were hypertension (86.6%), diabetes mellitus (63.4%), and ischaemic heart disease (41.5%). There was no significant relationship between the frequency of ischaemic stroke and intercerebral hemorrhage stroke ( p> 0.05). Conclusion: The study indicates that hypertension, diabetes, and ischaemic heart disease are critical risk factors for developing stroke and fairly commensurate with the global reported risk factors. Further research is needed to investigate stroke patterns and other possible risk factors concurrently with Saudi national prevention programs.