International Journal of Scientific Study

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/157719

Editor-in-Chief: Dr.Swapnil Bumb
ISSN (Print): 2321-6379 (Electronic): 2321-595X

Frequency: Monthly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.ijss-sn.com/

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Isolation Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus From Neonatal Sepsis At A Tertiary Care Hospital
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) Singh, Sudhir; Kumar, Sumit; Kumari, Pallavi
Introduction: Septicemia is the significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonates and is responsible for 30-50% of totalneonatal deaths .Each year in developing countries. It is estimated that 20% of all neonates develop sepsis and approximately1% die of sepsis related causes.In India, according to National Perinatal Database the incidence of neonatal septicemia has beenreported to be 30/1000 live births. The emergence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in neonatal patientsis increasing. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy of septicemia is of utmost importance to prevent morbidity and mortality.Aim and Study: It was to find out the bacteriological profile in neonatal sepsis and study their antimicrobial susceptibilitypattern including detection of MRSA.Methods: This study was conducted for a period of one year in the department of microbiology in a tertiary care hospital. A totalof 283 blood samples were collected using sterile precautions They were processed following standard laboratory protocol.Antibiogram was done using appropriate antibiotics by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Isolated of Staphylococcus aureuswere tested for methicillin resistance.Results : Blood from 283 neonates with the clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis were collected and samples were processed.Out of which 96 (33.92%) were culture positive.Total 53 (55.2%) Staphylococcus aureus were isolated out of which 27 (50.94%)were MRSA (Methicliin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus).Acinetobacter spp.was isolated in 15 (15.62%) cases.Klebsiella spp.was isolated in 13 (13.54%) cases. Psedomonas spp. was isolated in 3(3.12%) case . Antibiotic sensitivity test of MRSA wasdone and all MRSA isolates were sensitive to Vancomycin.Conclusion: Multidrug resistance among the isolates was common. Early diagnosis and institution of specific antibiotics afterstudying the sensitivity pattern will help in reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality and prevent emergence of drug resistantstrains. An effective infection-control programme, regular antibiotic susceptibility surveillance ,evaluation, and the enforcementand periodic review of the antibiotic policy of the hospital as well as the encouragement of rational antibiotic use will reducethe rates of development of bacterial resistance.
Efficacy Of Teneligliptin As Add-On Therapy In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Chronic Kidney Disease: A Real-World Experience
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) Kumar, Ram; Rathod, Ameet; Suryawanshi, Sachin; Barkate, Hanmant; Patil, Sujay
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is dreadful combination necessitatingadequate glycemic control to prevent further complications. Teneligliptin is found to be renal friendly antidiabetic agent whichcan provide effective glycemic control.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of teneligliptin as add-on to existing therapy in patients ofT2DM with CKD.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study where patients with T2DM and CKD who received teneligliptin wereincluded in the study. Changes in glycemic parameters such as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (%), fasting plasma glucose (FPG),and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) and change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analyzed.Results: In total, 66 patients were included in analysis. Mean age was 57.7 ± 14.0 years and 60.6% were males. BaselineHbA1c, FPG, and PPG levels were 7.8 ± 0.7%, 128.0 ± 25.5 mg/dl, and 214.0 ± 55.9 mg/dl, respectively. There was a significantreduction in HbA1c at 3 and 6 months (mean difference from baseline: −0.9 ± 0.5 and −1.2 ± 0.5 respectively, P < 0.001 forboth). Similarly, mean change in FPG (−28.4 ± 20.9 and −29.9 ± 24.3 mg/dl, respectively) and PPG (−70.5 ± 49.2 and −97.0 ±60.7 mg/dl, respectively) was also significant (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). The change in eGFR was significant at 3 months(P = 0.049) and 6 months (P = 0.014).Conclusion: Teneligliptin is effective in reducing glycemic burden in patients with T2DM and CKD and can be considered asbe considered among first choices for glycemic control in patients with renal impairment.
Evaluation Of The Efficacy Of Tamsulosin And Deflazacort Versus Tamsulosin Alone In Expulsion Of Lower Ureteric Stones In A Tertiary Center
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) Sinha, Alok Ranjan; Siwach, Vikas
Introduction: Urolithiasis is a very common problem present. About 70% of all ureteric stones are found in the lower third ofureter. Many factors affect the modality of treatment such as setup available, type, size of stone and expertise of the surgeon.Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy and removal of stone are very effective, but they require the help ofanesthetist. Ureter is to be stented, and the stent has to be removed later on. They are very costly and not without complications.Many pharmacological agents have been used for the expulsion of ureteric stones, for example, diclofenac, alkalizers, ketorolac,nifedipine, deflazacort, prazosin, silodosin, and tamsulosin.Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Surgery Department at SGT MedicalCollege. A total of 100 patients of distal ureteric stones of sizes 4–10 mm were taken in this study, divided into two groups of50 patients each. Group I patients were given tamsulosin 0.4 mg and deflazacort 30 mg once in a day, Group II patients weregiven tamsulosin 0.4 mg once in a day. Treatment was for 10 days.Results: In Group I, the stones were expelled in 38 (76%) patients, while in Group II, 26 (52%) patients passed stones. Thisis statistically significant with P = 0.038. The median time for stone expulsion was 3 days in Group I and 11 days in Group IIwith P = 0.032.Conclusion: We have evaluated that medical expulsive therapy using tamsulosin alone is also effective and can be used inpatients where steroids are contraindicated, but by adding deflazacort, it becomes very effective for management of distalureteral calculi.
A Study Of Serum Magnesium Levels In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) PSV, Ramana Murthy; Karunakar, Palvai
Background and Objectives: Magnesium deficiency is proposed as a factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.Hypomagnesemia can be both a cause and a consequence of diabetic complications. The aim of our study was to know therelationship between magnesium levels and diabetes, association with level of control of diabetes, and magnesium levels inrelation to complications of diabetes.Method: This study was undertaken at MGM Hospital, Warangal from August 2014 to October 2015. Atotal of 75 cases of type 2diabetes mellitus were taken for the study after satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Furthermore, 35 non-diabeticpatients admitted during this period were also included in the study under the control group. All the patients were evaluated indetail, and serum magnesium levels were estimated using calmagite method.Results: The serum magnesium levels among cases and controls were 1.88 ± 0.28 mg/dl and 2.1 ± 0.29 mg/dl, respectively. Themean serum magnesium levels in patients with controlled diabetes were 2.04 mg/dl and 1.73 mg/dl in patients with uncontrolleddiabetes. Significant association was found between hypomagnesemia and diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. There was nosignificant association between magnesium levels and diabetic neuropathy, ischemic heart disease, and peripheral vascular disease.Conclusion: There was a significant reduction in serum magnesium levels in diabetics compared to the controls. There was asignificant correlation between magnesium levels and level of control of diabetes. Uncontrolled diabetics had a low of seriummagnesum. Low magnesium levels were mainly associated with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. Duration of diabetesand high levels of fasting blood sugar also had an association with low magnesium levels.
Clinicopathological Correlation Of Cervical Carcinoma: A Tertiary Hospital-Based Study
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) Patil, Narendra; Deshmukh, Varsha; Rathid, Archana; D, Jyoti; S, Chavan
Objectives: This study is conducted to assess the various predisposing factors for cancer cervix and to correlate the clinicaland pathological finding using cervix histopathology.Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women worldwide accounting for 9% of all female cancerand 9% death in female due to cervical cancer. We studied 150 cases of cervical carcinoma with different clinical presentationsand correlated them with histopathological findings in tertiary hospital in Aurangabad, Maharashtra.Materials and Methods: A total of 150 cases histopathologically diagnosed as cervical cancer over a period of 1 year wereconsidered for the study. Clinical details of the patient were noted with the help of semi-structured pro forma. The data wereanalyzed and P value calculated.Results: Of 150 patients, 88 had moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, 24 poorly differentiated, and 32 welldifferentiated. Adenocarcinoma numbered only six. 98 cases were in the age group of 40–59 years, 39 in the age group of 60–80years, and 13 in 20–39 years. All six cases of adenocarcinoma were seen in 40–59 years. 96 presented with white discharge,68 with bleeding per vagina, and 58 had constitutional symptoms. Most of the patients with adenocarcinoma presented withbleeding per vagina. 98 were in Stage 3B, 40 in Stage 2B, 5 in 4A, and 7 in Stage 1B.Conclusions: Screening of cervical cancer must be done in women with white discharge per vagina.
Intralesional Bleomycin For Lymphangioma: An Effective Alternative Non-Surgical Therapy
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) Prasad, Damisetti Kalyan Ravi; Reddy, Jeeru Bhaskar
Introduction: Conventionally, lymphangiomas have been managed by surgical excision which range from simple excision toextensive compartmental exenteration.With the advent of the usefulness of sclerotherapy, especially bleomycin, management ofextensive lymphangiomas which are hitherto considered inoperable cases has become very comfortable for patient and surgeon.Materials and Methods: A total of 28 patients were included in the study. Neck was the most common site of involvementfollowed by axilla; groin was involved in two cases. Injection bleomycin was reconstituted and diluted, a dose of 0.5 IU/Kg injectedintralesionally after aspirating an equal volume of fluid. Compression bandage was applied for 24 h. Cases were reviewed after3 weeks for assessing clinical and serological response.Results: Significant reduction of mass was noted in 68% of cases (n = 19). Surgery was required in 7% (n = 2), completeregression of mass was noted in the remaining 25% (n = 7) cases.Conclusion: This modality of treatment may be used safely as primary modality of treatment for select group of patients.
A Study On Clinical And Etiological Factors Of New-Onset Seizures In Adults
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) PSV, Ramana Murthy; Karunakar, Palvai
Introduction: Seizure has been recognized since antiquity and probably as old as man himself. Seizures are common disordersfound all over the world and are encountered frequently during medical practice in variety of settings.Materials and Methods: Patients presenting with a history of seizures were included in the study. Patient and eyewitness wereinterviewed regarding history, and clinical examination was done as mentioned in pro forma.Conclusion: Seizure being a medical emergency, its etiological determination is quite important in expediting the managementand helping in the prevention of seizures. Etiological spectrums of seizures vary from region to region which includesneuroinfection, CVA, tumor, metabolic, poisoning, and alcohol withdrawal.
Comparative Evaluation Of Pre-Operative Multidetector Computer Tomography Findings And Intraoperative Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Findings With Regard To Osteomeatal Complex In Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) Firoze, Reshma; J, Kiranjith; K, Sasikumar
Background and Objective: Background and objective of the study were to determine how well the pre-operative multidetectorrow computed tomography (MDCT) findings and intraoperative endoscopic sinus surgery findings correlate in patients withchronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and to assess the various anatomical variations of the osteomeatal complex in these patients.Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients falling within the inclusion criteria with diagnosed CRS who had given consentfor participating in this study were analyzed. The study period was from January 2016 to December 2016. In these patients, adetailed history and examination were done, counseled regarding the necessity of MDCT scan imaging of the nose and sinusesand further about the need for endoscopic evaluation and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Scans were evaluatedpreoperatively as per Lund–Mackay CT scan score and anatomic variants regarding OMC were noted. Later, intraoperativefindings were noted, and kappa statistics was used to analyze the agreement between MDCT and intraoperative endoscopicfindings.Results: Agger nasi, concha bullosa, medial and lateral deviation of the uncinate process and paradoxical middle turbinateshowed a very good correlation of agreement between pre-operative CT scan and operative findings. Excellent correlationwas found in case OMC obstruction, and there was a very good correlation of agreement between pre-operative CT scan andoperative findings.Conclusion: MDCT shows an increased sensitivity compared to routine CT in detecting OMC obstruction, and it had a verygood correlation with intraoperative findings. There was an excellent correlation between MDCT and intraoperative findingsin cases of all anatomic variants studied except concha bullosa. In conclusion, MDCT can help clinicians to better predict theOMC status pre-operatively and thereby guide FESS
Clinicopathological Study Of Pancytopenia
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) YSN, Srinivas; Lakinena, Praveen Kumar
Background and Objectives: Pancytopenia is an important hematological entity. It is a disorder in which all three major formedelements of blood are decreased in number. The present study has been undertaken to find out various causes of pancytopeniaby evaluation of bone marrow findings so that the data will help the clinician in better management of patients.Materials and Methods: It was a prospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology in King George Hospital,Visakhapatnam, a teaching institute and tertiary hospital in over a period of 1 year. Patients were referred to pathology from thedepartments of medicine and pediatrics for investigations on suspicion of pancytopenia. The patients were evaluated clinicallyalong with hematological parameters and bone marrow aspiration biopsy. It was carried out in 68 patients from November 2016to December 2017. Hemogram was obtained using five-part automated analyzer. Bone marrow aspiration was performed usingSalah needle from the posterior superior iliac crest and from the medial aspect of tibial tuberosity in children <4 years. Bonemarrow aspiration smears were stained using Leishman’s stain and Giemsa stain.Results: Among the 68 patients studied, the age of the patients varied from 3 years to 76 years with a male predominance. Most ofthe patients presented with fever and generalized weakness. The most common physical finding was pallor. Dimorphic anemia wasthe predominant blood picture. The most common bone marrow finding was erythroid hyperplasia with megaloblastic maturation. Themost common cause of pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia (64.7% of cases) followed by hypersplenism (10.2% of cases). Othercauses include aplastic anemia, leukemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, tuberculosis, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.Conclusion: Detailed clinical history and physical examination along with hematological investigations and bone marrowaspiration biopsy are helpful for understanding the disease process and to diagnose the cause of pancytopenia. Identificationof correct cause will help in implementing appropriate therapy. This study helps in identifying the incidence of various causesof pancytopenia.
Study Of Incidence, Occurrence, Origin, And Histological Types Of Eyelid Tumors At Tertiary Care Hospital In Ahmedabad
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) Patel, Mehul; Chavda, Bipin H; Shah, Yesha; Bhavsar, Masum
Background: The aim of the study was to know occurrence, incidence, and various histopathological variants of eyelid tumors.It is incidence with respect to age and to analyse the distribution of tumors in various age group at new civil Hospital, Asarwa,Ahmedabad.Materials and Methods: A total of 100 cases of eyelid tumors were analyzed retrospectively in a period from May 2008to November 2010. Cases were studied in detail about general information of the patient including age and sex and grossexamination and histological features.Result: Of 100 tumors, 56 (56%) were benign and 44 (44%) were malignant. Of 56 benign lesions, 41 were in pediatric agegroup (<18 years) and 15 were in adult patients (>18 years). The common benign lesion seen was nevi (21%) followed bysquamous papilloma (12%). The common malignant lesion seen was meibomian gland carcinoma (22%) followed by basal cellcarcinoma (12%). Distribution of tumor based on origin on descending order was epithelial origin (33%), adnexal origin (23%),melanocytic origin (22%), and mesenchymal origin (22%).Conclusion: As eyelid skin is the thinnest and most sensitive skin in our body, it is often the first area in body to show changesoccur from sun damage and aging. Skin cancer of the eyelids is relatively common and of several types. Overall, the incidenceof benign tumors (56%) was more than malignant tumors (44%) in the present study. Benign tumors were more common inadolescent and young adults. Mean age of benign tumors was 33.83 years. Malignant tumors were more common in elderly. Meanage of malignant tumors was 61.40 years. Overall, sex distribution of benign and malignant tumors is equal in both the sexes.
Dental Management Of Children With Special Health Care Needs
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) Gupta, Ruchi; Tomer, Anil K; Midhun, Ramachandran; John, Ashvin G; Aleemuddin, Mohammad; Bhatheja, Arvind; Raina, Afnan Ajaz
The management of children with health care needs creates hesitation and anxiety among health professionals includingdentists. There has been general agreement that disabled population has a higher prevalence of dental caries, poor oralhygiene, and compromised gingival and periodontal health than healthy population. Oral healthcare professionals requirespecialized knowledge acquired through special training and increased awareness. The purpose of this article is to describethe characteristics of some common developmental disabilities and medically compromised states and the challenges of theseissues present to the oral healthcare professionals.
Outcome Of Type 1 Tympanoplasty With Cartilage-Perichondrium Graft In Comparison With Temporalis Fascia
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) AM, Aneesa; Pillai, Archana; KB, Rajamma
OBJECTIVE: To compared the outcome of Type 1 tympanoplasty with cartilage-perichondrium graft in comparison with temporalisfascia graft in terms of post-operative graft take-up and hearing results.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective observational study among 80 patients between 15 and 60 years of age satisfyingthe inclusion criteria with complaints of ear discharge and hearing loss due to COM - mucosal type was conducted. Patientswere grouped in two groups of 40 patients each. Group A patients underwent Type 1 tympanoplasty with temporalis fasciaand Group B with cartilage-perichondrium graft. Patients were followed up for graft uptake, hearing improvement and rate offailure are compared for both the grafts. Graft uptake was assessed at the end of the 1st month, 3rd month, and 6th month,and hearing was assessed at the end of the 6th month with pure tone audiometry.RESULTS: Patients with temporalis fascia graft showed a take-up rate of 80% and cartilage-perichondrium graft of 92.5% by6 months. Among the fascia group, graft failure was seen in 20% (8). One patient had failed take-up of graft and four patientsshowed reperforation. In cartilage group, three patients showed failure of take-up of graft during the 1st month. No patient hadreperforation or retraction. Air-bone gap in fascia group showed a closure to 10 dB in 17.5% (7). In the cartilage group, 10 dBin 25% (10 patient s). In our short-term follow-up of 6 months, we found that cartilage-perichondrial graft reduces the chanceof reperforation and retraction even with variation in middle ear pressure due to eustachian tube catarrh. It gives good takeup rate and comparable hearing result as that of the fascia graft. It does not affect the sound conduction when thinned outto appropriate thickness. It is available from the same surgical field and in sufficient quantity for the closure of the TM defect.Cartilage-perichondrium graft for Type 1 tympanoplasty could be a successful replacement for temporalis fascia giving goodresult with neotympanum.
Corneal Complications After Manual Small-Incision Cataract Surgery – A Clinical Study In A Tertiary-Based Hospital
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) Gupta, Vijayta; Nanda, Ridham
Aims and Objectives: The aim is to study the different corneal complications after manual small-incision cataract surgery(MSICS) and their implication on the final visual outcome in the patients.Design: It is a prospective, hospital-based observational study.Materials and Methods: The present study was done among 100 patients who underwent MSICS with implantation of posteriorchamber intraocular lens implantation. Study was conducted over a period of 3 months between March 2018 and May 2018 inGovernment Medical College, Jammu. All patients with clinically significant visual cataract admitted in Ophthalmology Departmentof Government Medical College, Jammu, during the study period were included. The post-operative corneal complications andbest corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the enrolled patients were reviewed on the 1st, 7th, 15th, 30th, and 45th post-operative day.Results: 100 eyes of 100 patients consisting of 69 males and 31 females who underwent MSICS with intraocular lens implantationin the Department of Ophthalmology were studied. Majority of the patients belonged to the 60–69 years age group whichconstitutes 35 of the total patients. Out of 100 patients, 26 had corneal complications. 24 patients had striate keratopathy – outof whom 16 patients had mild grade striate keratopathy (<10 Descemet’s membrane folds [DMF]) and 8 patients had severegrade striate keratopathy (>10 DMF). 1 patient had microcystic corneal edema, and 1 patient had Descemet’s membranedetachment. After 6 weeks of post-cataract surgery, it was found that 89 patients achieved a BCVA of 6/9 or better.Conclusions: Corneal complications such as striate keratopathy are transient and resolve usually by the end of 2 weeks.Therefore, it was concluded that detailed pre-operative planning and careful surgery can prevent most of these complications.
Oral Ferric Pyrophosphate Formulation Utilization Surveillance Study To Assess Clinical Impact On Hemoglobin Levels: Maxiim-Hemoglobin Study
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) Parkar, Vinita; Mahajan, Harshal; Dhoot, Dhiraj; Barkate, Hanmant
After hemorrhage, anemia is the most common cause of maternal mortality and leading cause of maternal morbidity in India. Theprevalence rates of anemia in pregnancy in India is estimated to be >50%. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most commontype of anemia in pregnancy in India, which I can be as high as 80–90%.Aims and Objectives: The present survey was initiated in pursuit of analyzing the effectiveness and safety of oral ferricpyrophosphate (FPP) formulation given once to twice daily for treatment and prophylaxis of IDA in pregnancy.Materials and Methods: This was a questionnaire-based retrospective survey. Each gynecologist was given this survey bookletcontaining questionnaire. Clinical response was assessed by measuring rise in mean hemoglobin (Hb) levels at baseline, week4, and week 8, after giving oral FPP formulation for 8 weeks.Results: A total of 60 gynecologists participated and completed the survey, which involved 1073 pregnant subjects and patientssuffering from IDA (864 patients, i.e., 80%). Mean Hb level at baseline was found to be 8.98 g/dl, 10.03 at week 4, and 10.99 atweek 8. Thus, rise of Hb from baseline to week 8 was found to be 2.01 g/dl. Adverse events were reported in only 10 patients(<0.09%), none requiring discontinuation of therapy. 98% of the participants agreed good acceptability of oral FPP formulation.Conclusion: Findings of the present survey suggests that oral FPP formulation therapy can serve as potent choice of therapyfor IDA in pregnancy, both therapeutically and prophylactically
Changes In The Tear Film After Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery – A Prospective Study
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) Gupta, Vijayta; Kour, Vijender
Purpose: The purpose was to study dry eye following manual small-incision cataract surgery (SICS) by analyzing the changesin tear film and diagnostic tear film tests following cataract surgery.Study Design: This is a prospective study.Material and Methods: The present study is a hospital-based study which was carried out over a period of 1 year starting fromApril 2018 to March 2019. In this study, 50 patients of age group 31–80 years, who were diagnosed with senile cataract wereobserved. All underwent uncomplicated manual SICS and followed up for the period of 3 months. All selected patients werestudied for any abnormalities in tear film before and after manual SICS. The various tear film tests done were tear meniscusheight (TMH), tear film breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer’s test 1 (ST1), and rose bengal staining (RB). The tests were done onall the patients 1 day before and 1 day, 1 month, and 3 months post-cataract surgery.Results: In the present study, majority (50%) of the study participants were aged between 61 and 70 (years) and 18%were aged between 71 and 80 (years). In the present study, 70% of the participants were males and 30% were females. Alldry eye test values were significantly worse post-cataract surgery in the 3-month follow-up period; TMH analysis showedthat 22 (44%), 38 (76%), and 31 (62%) had low TMH at post-operative 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months, respectively,which was statistically significant. The TBUT analysis showed that at post-operative 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months,18 (36%), 23 (46%), and 18 (36%) had low TBUT values. 21 (42%), 26 (52%), and 9 (18%) had low ST1 values at postoperative 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months, respectively. RB stain analysis showed at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months,post-operatively 21 (42%), 26 (52%), and 9 (18%), respectively, patients had abnormal value. Statistically significantdifference in TMH, ST1, TBUT, and RB staining between pre-operative, post-operative 1 week, 1 month, and 3 monthshas been seen.Conclusion: Manual SICS is capable of inducing dry eye, and patients should be educated about the dry eyes after cataractsurgery and be assessed for dry eyes pre-operatively
High-Resolution Computed Tomography Lung Spectrum In Symptomatic Adult Hiv-Positive Patients In Correlation With Cd-4 Count
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) Ujjaliya, Mayank Kumar
Context: Pulmonary disease accounts for 30–40% of the acute hospitalizations of HIV-positive patients. The CD4 count, anindicator of the severity of immune compromise, is of paramount importance for rendering an appropriate differential diagnosis.High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of lung provides detailed visualization of lung parenchyma and can characterizediseases according to pattern and distribution which can help in formulating a differential diagnosis.Aims: The aims of this study were as follows: (1) To identify the radiological appearance/pattern of HIV-associated infections.(2) To correlate the radiological findings with CD4 count.Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional study using sample size of 100 HIV-infected patients conducted at theDepartment of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Gandhi Medical College and Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal.Materials and Methods: A total of 100 adult HIV-infected patients were scanned with HRCT chest and findings were documentedand correlated with their CD4+ counts.Statistical Analysis Used: Data analysis was done using SPSS 21.0. Two-tailed P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: TB (70%) was the most common infection followed by bacterial pneumonia (14%) and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia(6%). Tuberculosis was found in 29% of advance CD4 count patients and 27% of severe CD4 count patients. Consolidation,airspace nodules, miliary nodules, diffuse ground-glass opacity, and pleural effusion showed significant correlation with CD4counts.Conclusions: Incidence of all these manifestations fairly correlates with the decline of CD4 counts. Early and proper diagnosisof these pulmonary complications in patients with HIV infection and lower CD4 counts will help clinicians to develop a focusedtherapeutic approach in their management.
Evaluation Of Quality Of Life In Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based On Eortc Qlq-H And N35 And Karnofsky Scale In Adam Malik General Hospital Medan
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) Fasyah; AR, Saragih; YHR, Herwanto
Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial cell that lines the nasopharyngeal surface and is aneck head malignancy that has received much attention due to the relatively high mortality rate. Evaluating the quality of lifefor patients with malignancies is important as an “end-point” for treatment and an indicator of patient monitors.Method: This study is an analytical study with cross-sectional research design by analyzing the EORTC QLQ-H and N35 andKarnofsky Scale on 60 NPC patients.Results: Most NPC patients were male, most in Stages III and IV. The most histopathological type is non crystallizing SCC.Based on EORTC QLQ-H and N35, the most complaints of patients with NPC were found to be weight loss and the use ofpainkillers Karnofsky scores of NPC patients who were assessed as having a mean of 70.33.Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between EORTC QLQ - H and N35 with Karnofsky scores (r = −0.612; P = 0.000).The greater the Karnofsky value, the smaller the value of EORTC QLQ - H and N35 means that the quality of life of the patientis getting better, and vice versa
Effect Of Teneligliptin On Qt Interval In Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Retrospective Evaluation
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) S, Sengupta; Rathod, Ameet; S, Suryawanshi; H, Barkate; A, Pethare
Background and Aim: According to a strict QT/QTc evaluation study and clinical studies for type 2 diabetes conducted in Japanand other countries, NO AEs related to QT prolongation were detected with 40 mg/day of teneligliptin, which is the maximaldosage used in clinical practice. So far, there are no data regarding the safety of teneligliptin in Indian type 2 diabetic patientswith respect to QTc prolongation. Therefore, the study was conducted to evaluate the safety of teneligliptin in type 2 diabeticpatients with respect to QT prolongation.Methods: A retrospective data were collected from type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with electrocardiogram (ECG) recordswho were treated with teneligliptin along with ongoing treatment. Primary endpoint was to compare the change in the ECGat 3 months from the baseline from the collected data. Mean daily dose (MDD) of antidiabetic drugs, HbA1c, fasting plasmaglucose (FPG), and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) was also analyzed.Results: A total of 49 patients’ data were collected and analyzed with a mean age of 55.5 years and mean duration ofdiabetes 9.3 years. Hypertension was the most common comorbid disease (63.3%) along with diabetes for a mean durationof 10.0 years. Metformin plus glimepiride were the most prescribed dual drugs (63.3%) along with teneligliptin with an overallMDD of metformin (1065.2 mg) and glimepiride (2.1 mg). From the collected data, there was significant reduction in FPG andPPG at 3 months which were 49.6 mg/dL (P < 0.0001) and 100.5 mg/dL (P < 0.0001) reduction observed from the baseline,respectively. Significant changes were observed in the HbA1c from the baseline to 3 months (0.9%, P < 0.0001). There wasno significant increase in the mean QTc interval from baseline to 3 months. No serious adverse events or hypoglycemiawere reported.Conclusion: Teneligliptin was well tolerated with no significant change in QTc prolongation and significantly effective in reducingthe FPG, PPG, and HbA1c at 3 months from the baseline with no adverse events. There was no increase in the mean QT interval.
Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology In Palpable As Well As In Non-Palpable Breast Lesions: A Study Of 430 Cases
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) Goyal, Vinita; Patel, Himani; Bhalodia, Jignasa
Background: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an established, highly accurate, and cost-effective method for diagnosinglesions in different organs including the breast. The method is minimally invasive without unwanted side effects. At present,accurate diagnosis of breast lesions depends on a triple assessment approach that is combined clinical, radiological, andpathological diagnosis. FNAC is widely adopted for pathological diagnosis of different types of the breast lesions. In developingcountries, like India, malignant causes as well as non-malignant causes are the most common causes of breast lump. FNACproves to be a valuable tool in diagnosing these cases.Aims: This study intended to look the frequencies and various cytomorphological presentations of different lesions on FNACof breast lump.Materials and Methods: In a study period of January 2015–December 2017, in the Pathology Department, GMERS MedicalCollege, Ahmedabad, 430 patients of breast lesions for FNAC came. Those were subjected to cytological evaluation withhematoxylin and eosin, Giemsa, Papanicolaou, and Ziehl–Neelsen stained smears. We assessed the age of the patients, lesionsize, site, type of lesion, and axillary lymph node metastasis in case of malignancies. In addition, the ultrasonography/mammographyof these patients with the clinical presentation was also studied.Results: Age ranges from 13 to 100 years with a mean age of 38 years. Among the lesions, 31.86% fibroadenoma, 23.02%malignant lesions, 11.81% fibrocystic changes, and 20.23% inflammatory lesions were identified. Mean lesion size was3.37 ± 2.08 cm. 12 (12.12%) of malignant lesion cases showed metastasis in axillary lymph nodes.Conclusion: FNAC serves as a safe, rapid, economical, requiring minimal instrumentation, and highly sensitive tool forthe diagnosis of different kind of the breast lesions and ductal carcinoma. The cytomorphological examination of theselesions before operation or treatment serves as an important diagnostic modality. The sensitivity can be further increased bycomplementing with radiological and clinical findings.
Foramen Magnum: Morphometry, Possible Variation In The Shape And Its Clinical Implication
(International Research Organization for Life & Health Sciences (IROLHS), 2019-01) Sharma, Anshu; Kaur, Ramandeep; Sharma, Mahesh Kumar
Introduction: Foramen magnum is midline opening in the occipital bone in the floor of posterior cranial fossa. Morphometryof cranium also helps in establishing the origin of various neurological and skeletal pathologies and also designing varioussurgical procedures and approaches.Methods: We conducted a study on 50 dry skull bones in the Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College and Hospital,Chandigarh. The foramen magnum was analyzed for its shape, anteroposterior (AP) diameter, width/transverse diameter (TD),area, perimeter, and FM index. All the measurements were taken with Vernier caliper and were statistically evaluated.Results: The common shape observed was hexagonal in 45% of cases. The mean of AP and TD was found to be 34.44 mmand 30.46 mm. AP diameter was more than TD. FM index and perimeter were found to be 98.91 mm and 88.44. However, areaof foramen magnum was observed to be 745.727 mm2.

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