Acta Medica International

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/157542

Chief Editor: Prof. S. K. Jain
ISSN (Print): 2349-0578 (Online): 2349-0896

Frequency: Biannual

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: www.actamedicainternational.com

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 359

Cytomorphometrical Analysis of Exfoliated Buccal Mucosal Cells: Effect of Smoking.
(2014-01) Babuta, Sumit; Garg, Rohin; Mogra, Khushboo; Dagal, Neha
Introduction: Exfoliative cytology is a non-aggressive, non-invasive procedure with higher patient compliance and is therefore, an attractive technique for the early diagnosis of oral lesions. Th e purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare cytological changes using morphometric analysis of the exfoliated buccal mucosal cells in smokers, with results obtained for non-smokers. Methods: Smears were collected from the clinically normal buccal mucosa of 120 individuals. Age range of subjects taken was 40-60 years. Smears were then stained with Papanicolaou stain. Results: Mean NA for smokers was signifi cantly elevated compared with the mean NA for non-smokers. Mean CA in smokers was decreased as compared to non-smokers but the diff erence was not signifi cant. Also, N/C ratio was signifi cantly elevated in smokers group. With increasing heavy exposure in duration of years, Cytomorphometric changes show signifi cant altered values for all three measured parameters (NA, CA and N/C ratio). Conclusion: Increase in NA and decreased CA as well as altered N/C ratio would appear to be due to smoking tobacco. Cytomorphometric analysis can be used regularly to detect these cell alterations. Th is method can also aid in motivating individuals to withdraw from adverse eff ects of tobacco smoking. Currently, use of exfoliative cytology has increased as an adjunct to screening of precancerous lesions and malignancies of the oral cavity.
Cytotherapy for Osteonecrosis of Hip.
(2014-01) Huda, Najmul; Iqbal, Asif; Pant, Ajay; qar, M Julfi; Agarwal, Nitin Kumar; Gupta, Pankaj
Osteonecrosis of hip is a pathological condition that leads to collapse of the femoral head, & the need for total hip replacement (THR). Research has shown that at the cellular level there is decrease in osteoblastic activity & the local mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) population that leads to osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH). Cellular therapy could thus be used to improve the local cellular environment. Th is can be achieved by implanting bone marrow, containing osteogenic precursors into the necrotic lesion of the femoral head.
Trial Women: Empower Women.
(2014-01) Jain, S K
Use of Airtraq Optical Laryngoscope for Naso-Tracheal Intubation in Anaesthetized Patients.
(2014-01) Malik, Sunny; Jamil, Shahin N; Malik, Shraddha; Varshney, Rohit
Reported is a case of successful Nasotracheal intubation using Airtraq optical laryngoscope in a patient of fracture zygomatic arch with cervical spine injury. Th e patient had predicted diffi cult direct laryngoscopy with restricted mouth opening.
Non-Invasive Diagnosis of H. Pylori Infection.
(2014-01) Hemnani, T J
Study of Socio-Demographic Factors among Injured Persons in a District of Western Uttar Pradesh – A Cross Sectional Study.
(2014-01) Sharma, M; Srivastava, A; Gupta, S C
Background: Injuries are becoming major public health problem worldwide and since India is also passing through a major socio-demographic, epidemiological and technological transition; injuries are coming up as an emerging health problem. Objectives: To fi nd out prevalence of “Injuries” and role of socio demographic factors related with injuries. Material & Methods: It is a type of observational study in rural & urban area of Agra district. Th e area to be surveyed was selected by multistage stratifi ed random sampling technique. A recall period of three months for minor injuries & one year for major injuries or deaths due to injury was used. A total of 4 villages covering 2439 population and in urban area 2 mohalla & 2 slums covering 2410 population were surveyed. Data collected was entered on Fox. Pro (vs. 2.6) and analyzed by SPSS (vs. 10). Results: A total of 93 persons in rural and 142 persons in urban had major while 147 peoples in rural and 200 peoples in urban had minor injuries during the recall period. It was found that as the age increases the number of minor injuries increased from 0-35 yrs while decreased after that and maximum major & minor injuries were found in 16-35 yr age group. Regarding socio-economic class maximum injuries both major & minor were found in class IV (lower middle). Conclusions: Considering the high morbidities due to injuries focusing health education eff orts based on local epidemiology and behavioral practices is needed.
Pulmonary Function Assessment in Young Female Medical Students Suffering from Anemia.
(2014-01) Jain, Sharad; Agarwal, J L
Introduction: Anemia is common problem in people of high socioeconomic status of all age group. Th is is usually seen with reduced work capacity, early fatigability, mental irritation, dyspnea etc. Despite of good and easy availability of food, young girls of high socioeconomic status still remain anemic mainly due to lack of self care in terms of nutritional diet, somewhat hate for green leafy vegetables, charm of junk foods devoid of nutritional substances including iron, inadequate physical exercise. Present study was conducted to assess the pulmonary functions in young anemic female medical students belonging to high socioeconomic status. Methods: Based on Hemoglobin level subjects were divided in to 2 groups. Group 1 comprised of obese students (Hb>12 gm/dl) and group 2 comprised of anemic students (Hb<12gm/dl). Age, height and weight, of all subjects were noted. Body mass index was calculated by dividing weight (in Kg) with height in meter2. Data obtained were analyzed using t-test. Result: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Peak expiratory fl ow rate (PEFR), FEV1 and Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) in anemic group subjects were signifi cantly lower in comparison to control group. However FEV1/FVC did not show any signifi cant diff erence. Conclusion: Anemia leads to decreased pulmonary functions which further hampers the oxygenation of the tissue and may worsen the physical and mental capabilities.
A Huge Mucinous Cystadenoma Complicating Third Trimester of Pregnancy with Previous Two Caesarean Sections.
(2014-01) Pangtey, Nirmal; Chauhan, Priyanka; Rawat, Usha; Jain, Geeta
The incidence of ovarian tumor complicating caesarean section was about 1 in 200 caesarean births while ovarian tumors complicated termination of pregnancy in 1 of 594 procedures. Any type of Ovarian mass can be encountered during pregnancy, but the most common are cystic. Because pregnant women are usually young, malignant tumors are relatively uncommon. A patient third gravida with previous 2 caesarean sections presented in an emergency with complaints of persistent pain in abdomen for last 7 days with gestational age of 35 weeks and 3 days. Emergency Caesarean section was done to deliver an alive male baby of 2.25 Kg with good Apgar score. Intraoperative finding was suggestive of a huge multiloculated left ovarian mass of approximately. 40×30×15 cm weighing 20 Kg with straw coloured mucinous fluid. Up to 3 liters of fl uid aspirated before delivering the cyst out of the abdomen. Left salpingoopherectomy was done and specimen sent for histopathological examination that showed Mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary. Post operative period remain uneventful.
Localized Urticaria with Intravenous Ondansetron: A Case Report.
(2014-01) Varshney, Rohit; Jain, Gaurav
Ondansetron is an eff ective antiemetic agent widely used to control nausea and vomiting associated with malignancy and surgery. Although hypersenstivity reactions have been reported with ondansetron in connection with emetogenic chemotherapy, it has been rarely addressed under perioperative settings. Th is case highlights the need of increased awareness among anaesthesiologists regarding the allergic potential of ondansetron and emphasize for judicious administration of this drug with adequate emergency backup.
Pseudotumour Cerebri: A Side-Effect of Nalidixic Acid.
(2014-01) A K, Simalti
Review of Various Indicators for Assessment of Zinc Requirement and Effectiveness.
(2014-01) Bharadwaj, Manisha Naithani Jyoti; Darbari, Anshuman
Zinc (Zn) has been shown to be an essential micronutrient for all organisms including plants, animals and human beings. Deprivation of zinc arrests growth and development and produces multiple system dysfunctions in all these organisms. Because of the involvement of this micronutrient in so many core areas of metabolism, it is common that the features of zinc defi ciency in humans are nonspecifi c with a wide range including growth retardation, alopecia, diarrhea, delayed sexual maturation and impotence, eye and skin lesions and even impaired appetite. Clinical features and laboratory criteria are not always consistent. Th is inconsistency poses a major diffi culty in the search to reliable yet sensitive clinical or functional indicator of zinc status for validation. Further, it has become clear now that the homeostatic mechanisms fall short of perfection and clinically important features of zinc defi ciency can occur with only modest degrees of zinc defi ciency. In this review article we try to look critically at the available tests and various indicators for assessment of zinc’s level for potential requirement and eff ectiveness and try to conclude about the effi cacy of each.
Pattern of Orthopaedic Injuries Among Patients Attending the Emergency Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital – An Analytical Study.
(2014-01) Huda, Najmul; Gupta, Pankaj; Pant, Ajay; Iqbal, Asif; qar, M Julfi; Khan, Mohd Zahid; Agrawal, Nitin Kumar
Introduction: Th is study was aimed at analyzing the pattern of Orthopaedic injuries among patients attending the Emergency department in a tertiary care hospital. Retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College & Research Centre. Methods: Th e record analysis of injured patients seen at the emergency department over a 12 months period from June 2012 to may 2013 was done. Th e data was analyzed with special reference tothepattern of Orthopaedic injuries. Results: A total of 1110 records of injured patients that attended the emergency department were analyzed. Study showed that themajority of victims were in the age group of 11-44 years (n=909, 81.89 percent). 71.09 percent (n=789) were males and 28.9 percent (n=321) were females. Road traffi c accident was the most common cause of injuries being responsible for 59.72 percent, (n=663) followed by fall from height (22.5 percent, n=247). Study revealed that the most common presentation of injuries was fracture (68.64 percent, n=762) and the most common site was lower limbs in 48.16 percent cases, (n=367). Next most common site was upper limbs (28.08 percent, n=214) followed by pelvic fracture (10.01 percent, n=77), spine fractures (8.26 percent, n=63), facial fracture (2.88 percent, n=22) & Ribs fracture (2.49 percent, n=19). Th ere were 71.65 percent cases (n=546) of simple fracture and 28.34 percent cases (n=216) ofthecompound fracture. Th ere were 3.87 percent cases (n=43), of various dislocations, shoulder dislocation being the most common. Crush injury was seen in 7.5 percent cases. Most commonly associated visceral injury wasthehead injury in 17.20 percent cases (n=191). Conclusion: Fractures were the most common pattern of Orthopaedic injuries, frequently associated with head injuries. Research in to appropriate strategies for prevention of injuries, especially RTA is required in tertiary care hospitals.
Supraorbital Foramen - Morphometric Study and Clinical Implications in Adult Indian Skulls.
(2014-01) Sharma, Nidhi; Varshney, Rohit; Faruqi, Nafis Ahmad; Ghaus, Farah
Introduction: Supraorbital foramen is an important site for various surgical and anesthetic procedures. Accurate localization of the foramen holds the key to success, although racial variations exist in various population groups. Th e study included the morphometry of supraorbital foramen and its location with respect to nearby anatomical landmarks. Methods: A total of 100 dry skulls (60 male and 40 female) were collected and observed for the study. Various parameters in the sagittal and transverse planes were noted from supraorbital foramen on both sides, together with its vertical and horizontal dimensions. In addition, the location of supraorbital foramen with respect to midline and frontozygomatic suture were noted. Results: Th e study of 100 adult skulls revealed that the SON (71% on right and 70% on left) was found more frequently than the SOF (29% on right and 30% on left).Th e distance between centre of SOF/SON and midline was found to be statistically signifi cant on right and left sides. Conclusions: Th is study makes possible the identifi cation of exact position of supraorbital foramen and also discuss its racial variation.
The Study of Different Presentations of Breast Lumps in Radiographic Imaging.
(2014-01) Saraswat, Shalini; Kumar, Amit
Introduction: Breast USG is an established and accurate tool for the primary evaluation of breast lumps and pathology. It also compliments X- ray mammography in further evaluation and characterization of breast masses and thus avoids surgeries in benign breast diseases and pathology. Method: For USG examination of the breast lumps, a linear-array transducer of 5-7 MHz frequency is required with a good resolution machine. Results: We present a pictorial essay on the role of USG in evaluation and characterization of various breast lumps and pathology. Conclusion: Breast sonography considerably improves the visualization and evaluation of lumps in mammographically radiodense breasts and helpful in the characterization of it, either as solid or cystic lesion. It also improves the specifi city of X-ray mammography when used as an adjunct to it. It is also helpful in guiding FNAC/biopsy from the breast masses.
Osteoscopic Assessment of Sexual Dimorphism in Hip Bone.
(2014-01) Chaudhary, Alok Kumar; Jain, Sanjeev Kumar
Introduction: Th e pelvis is most sexually dimorphic and is the fi rst bone assessed in sex determination because it is the skeletal element most aff ected by reproduction and parturition.1 Th e assessment of the pelvis is made through metric measurements as well as through the visual analysis of non-metric traits; both important aspects of the analysis. Th e best methods for determining sex from adult skeletal remains involve measurement and inspection of the hip bone that presents a number of gender-related anatomical diff erences.2 Most osteologists visually (stereoscopic) evaluate these diff erences and integrate this subjective assessment ofhip bonemorphology into their sex determinations. Th e aim of thepresent study is to visually evaluate sexual diff erences in hip bone and comparing its effi cacy with metric assessment. Methods: Th is study is done on 46 hip bones of adult individuals of known sex from museum of department of anatomy of SGRRIM&HS Dehradun and TMMC&RC Moradabad, India. All these hip bones were visually examined and under mentioned fi ve characters of the hip bone were used, (A) aspects of the preauricular surface, (B) aspects of the greater sciatic notch, (C) the form of the composite arch, (D) the morphology of the inferior pelvis, and (E) ischiopubic proportions. Results: In this study traits of the group (A) were most sexually dimorphic while traits of the group (E) were least sexually dimorphic. Conclusion: Diagnostic accuracy is excellent when the complete hip bone is available. Hip bone features used for sex determination by visual assessment seem to be fairly stable.
Dietary Pattern and Anaemia Among Female Adolescent Garment Workers in Bangladesh.
(2014-07) Saha, Shampa; Farzana, Sadia; Begum, Afroza
Introduction: In Bangladesh, many adolescents work in garment sector which is an important contributor to the country’s economy. This study aimed to investigate the dietary pattern and haemoglobin level of the adolescent female garment workers in Bangladesh. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in a peri-urban area in Bangladesh in 2008. The food intake pattern was assessed by food frequency questionnaire and level of haemoglobin was estimated by haemoglobin colour scale (HbCS). Anaemia was defined as the haemoglobin level of <12 g/dl.1 Results: Among 108 participants, 104 (96%) were muslim, 83 (77%) were unmarried and 54 (50%) had a primary level of education. Most of their parents were illiterate. Sixty six (61%) respondents had a large family (>5 family members, mean 5.2, SD±2.1). The mean age at menarche was 12.91±1.37 years. Majority of them worked for >12 hours (55, 51%), did not watch television (77, 71%) and had just three meals with no snacks in between the meals (97, 90%) in last seven days. Fish, pulse and fruits/vegetables were consumed for >6 times in a week by 59 (55%), 56 (52%) and 68 (63%) respondents, respectively. Majority of the participants did not consume milk (65, 60%) and meat (62, 57%) in last seven days. Prevalence of anaemia was 92% (99); 54% (58) were moderately anaemic and 38% (41) were mildly anaemic. Discussion: Prevalence of anaemia among adolescent female garment workers is extremely high. They also consume inadequate food. Immediate steps should be taken to improve nutritional status of these girls.
Self-Medicating in Mental Illness, Substance Abuse & Addiction- The Challenges of Dual Diagnosis.
(2014-07) Bembalkar, Gireesh
12th June 2014, Dawn Gonzalez Writes.
(2014-07) Gonzalez, Dawn
Anxiety and Depression in Tuberculosis Can Create Impact on Quality of Life of Patient.
(2014-07) Rubeen, Rukhsana; Zareen, Nusrat; Zameer, Sambreen; Rasool, Anum Ghulam; Naqvi, S Sawaira Nasim; Iqbal, Jouhar
Objective: Despite TB being a major burden in terms of nation’s health, social life and economy and growth, it has to be considered for the psychological effects that it bears on individual life. The resulting drastic consequences showing as poor treatment compliance, increasing Mycobacterium strain resistance to first line anti TB drugs, declining health outcome etc. Our study had determined to take a step in revealing a more competent approach in getting a world free of tuberculosis, by estimating the prevalence of psychiatric co morbidities in patients with TB and to comprehend their effects on patient’s quality of life. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety in tuberculosis and its influence on individual perception of well being in patients attending outpatient clinic in Karachi, Pakistan. Method: A total of 140 subjects were addressed, 70 of each TB and control. “Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale” (HAD) and “Flanagan Quality of Life scale” was used to assess anxiety and depression and quality of life in these two populations respectively. Result: About 37.1% patients diagnosed with TB were labeled as having anxiety and depression according to HAD scale. However the study has shown that the area of an individual life that experienced dramatic effects included perception towards health, relationship with partner, parents, sibling, friends, work as in job or in home, participation in society, attitude towards learning and increasing awareness, understanding about one’s strength and weaknesses and expressing oneself creatively. Conclusion: Parameters of quality of life that do play a key role in establishing quality including perception relating to health, relationships with spouse, siblings or friend, occupational role and recreation both participatory as well as passive; were found to be dramatically influenced by TB. This entirely enlightens the significance of timely counseling and health education in TB control program for alleviation of mental and social suffering seen in such a high rise.
Vitamin D and Diabetes: A New Horizon.
(2014-07) Amit, Varma; Vandana, Koran; Kumar, Neerajga; Kothiyal, Preeti
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease which is caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency, and the prevalence rate of Type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing among Indians as well as through worldwide. Various risk factors play a role in the aetiopathogenesis and in the glycemic control among the type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, identification of environmental and easily modified risk factors is urgently needed to prevent development of T2DM. One of various such risk factors, vitamin D3 level & therefore serum calcium levels are reported to alter the glycemic control. The major and most well-known function of vitamin D is to maintain calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and promote bone mineralization. However, recent evidence suggests that vitamin D and calcium homeostasis may also be important for a variety of non-skeletal diseases including T2DM. Based on basic and animal studies, vitamin D and calcium have also been suspected as modifiers of diabetes risk. The systemic review was carried out to evaluate the evidences as well as limitation in respect of vitamin D3 and serum calcium level regarding the glycemic control in T2DM. This paper seeks to examine the consistently reported relationship between glycemic control in T2DM and altered vitamin D3 & serum calcium concentrations, with reference to the possible underlying mechanisms. So the status of above two parameters is considered as an important factor in T2DM patients. Its role in present scenario should be understood both as an etiological concept & also as a therapeutic option.

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