Journal of Animal Research

Permanent URI for this collection

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/158085

Editor-in-Chief: Dr Neelesh Sharma
ISSN: (Print) 2249-5290 (Online) 2277-940X

Frequency: Half-yearly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://ndpublisher.in/ndpjournal.php?j=JAR

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Incidence of Postpartum Anoestrus and Oestrus Behavior and Gynecological Symptoms in Hormonal Treated Postpartum Anoestrus Buffaloes
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Kaurav, Pratipal Singh; Shukla, Suresh Prasad; Bajaj, Nitin Kumar; Manjhi, Vinay Kumar; Thakur, Ravi Kumar
The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the incidence of anoestrus in postpartum buffaloes and compare the intensity of oestrus in anoestrus and oestrus induced buffaloes. A total of 500 postpartum buffaloes were selected from different villages situated around Rewa (M.P.). Calving and breeding history of animals was recorded and Gynaeco-clinical examination. The incidence of anoestrus in postpartum buffaloes was recorded as 33.40 per cent. Out of 167 postpartum buffaloes found to be positive for anoestrus, 24 buffaloes were again randomly divided into three treatment (n=18) and control group (n=06). These treatment group animals were again divided into 03 groups on the basis of hormonal treatment protocols given to animals of groups. Ovsynch group, Heatsynch group, CIDR plus Heatsynch group while control group animals were left untreated. Oestrus intensity score of buffaloes ranged from 80-90, 68-72 and 46-52 in intense, moderate and weak oestrus intensities at induced oestrus respectively, with a mean weighed score of 84.88±1.30, 70.00±0.81 and 49.00±3.00, respectively. Thus it was concluded that the incidence of anoestrus recorded to be 33.40 per cent. Oestrus intensity score card pattern is a good tool to designate intensity of oestrus which has positive relationship with fertility
Study on Major Causes of Organs Condemnation and Financial Loss in Cattle Slaughtered at Hayik Municipal Abattoir
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Ahmed, Seid; Fentahun, Selamawit; Temesgen, Bihonegn; Tarekegn, Tintagu; Bethelhem, Alemu1; Nigussie, Yilak
A cross- sectional study was conducted from October, 2016 to April, 2017 to identify and determine the major diseases and pathological conditions of organ condemnation and to estimate the magnitude of the direct financial losses attributed to the condemned organs from cattle slaughtered in the Hayik municipal abattoir. From a total of 384 animals, 61(15.88%) of animals antemortem inspection showed some clinical sign that were assumed as minor and attention was paid at postmortem examination of these animals. During post postmortem examination from 384 slaughtered animal liver 72 (18.75%) followed by lung 25 (6.5%), heart 17(4.4%), kidneys 18(4.68%) and tongue 18(4.68%) were rejected due to various causes. The main causes of organ condemnation were fasciolosis 24(33.33%) followed by calcification, abscess and hydrated cyst 12(16.67%), 12(16.67%) and 9(12.5%) respectively. An attempt also made to estimate the direct financial losses due to condemnation of edible organs during meat inspection. Consequently, annual direct financial loss from organ condemnation was estimated to be 3,736,231.25 Ethiopian Birr. The study identified the parasitic disease as major causes of organ condemnation. Therefore, creation of awareness on animal attendants and/or cattle owners and abattoir workers about the effect of parasites and safe disposal of condemned organs must be made and recommended as the findings showed that the rate of organ condemnation at the abattoir is very high which signifies the need for rapid disease control programs to be implemented
Prevalence, Molecular Diagnosis and Management of Klebsiella species in Captive Sloth Bears (Melursus ursinus)
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Palanivelrajan, Muthusami; Attur, Shanmugam Arun; Jayathangaraj, Madurai Ganesan; Vijayarani, Kumanan; Latha, Bhaskaran Ravi; Sridevi, Purushothaman
Genus Klebsiella from faeces of sloth bears was screened by using culture morphology, Gram’s staining, biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed that out of 60 samples collected, 22 samples (36.67%) were cultured on Klebsiella Selective Agar Base with Klebsiella Selective Supplement and Gram’s stain revealed rod-shaped Gram-negative organism with purple-magenta colony - like colonies. The biochemical tests of cultured samples revealed negative to indole production and methyl red test, positive to Voges-Proskauer test, positive to Simmon citrate utilization test, negative to H2S production and that produced acid over acid reaction in TSI agar and positive to urea production in cultured samples. All Klebsiella species isolates were sensitive to azithromycin followed by enrofloxacin and resistant to clindamycin and methicillin. The gyrA gene was amplified by PCR for the genus Klebsiella and found to be positive of 36.67%. This study may provide information for developing strategies in the future in the control of Klebsiella species infections in sloth bears
Litter Performance of Large White Yorkshire Sows Raised in Different Farrowing House Systems in Tropical Climate
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Ram, D. Magesh; Kannan, A.; K., George Sherin; M.K., Muhammad Aslam; George, Sabin
Preweaning piglet mortality, mainly due to crushing is an important concern in pig production systems adversely affecting the profit from the farm and welfare of the animals. The present study compared three different systems of farrowing houses viz. conventional farrowing house with guard rail and one-third slated floor (T1), farrowing house with guard rail and floor level ventilation (T2), and farrowing houses with farrowing crates (T3) to identify the best system to minimize the farrowing house stress and mortality. There were no changes in average daily feed intake, serum cortisol levels and maternal behaviour of the sows in different groups. The litter size and litter weight at birth were more or less similar in all treatment groups, whereas litter size and litter weight at weaning was higher (P < 0.05) in T3 compared to other groups. There was significant reduction in piglet mortality in houses with farrowing crates (T3) compared to other two groups (P < 0.05). Cost of production per kilogram live weight of piglets on housing cost basis was also observed to be lower in system with farrowing crates. The payback period required to meet the housing cost for T3, T2 and T1were calculated as 1.63, 2.94 and 3.11 years, respectively. The results of present study identified that farrowing houses with farrowing crates significantly reduced piglet mortality, thereby increasing the profitability of swine husbandry without any adverse effect on the performance of sows
Conservation of Indigenous Cattle Breed
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Srivastava, A.K.; Patel, J.B.; K.J., Ankuya; Chauhan, H.D.; Pawar, M.M.; Gupta, J.P.
India, one of the twelve mega biodiversity countries in the world, is home to large diversified cattle genetic resources, having 190.9 M cattle and so far 43 registered native cattle breeds. These cattle breeds are specially adapted to different agro-climatic conditions of India and their genetic diversity is due to the process of domestication over the centuries. There is decrease of 4.10% in cattle population and 3.14% in cattle genetic resources of India as compared to the quinquennial livestock census. The exotic / crossbred population has been increased by 20.18% during the period of last census while population of indigenous cattle has been decreased by 8.94% during the same duration. The reasons for depletion of native breeds includes crossbreeding with exotic breeds, economically less viable, loosing utility, reduction in herd size and the large scale mechanization of agricultural operation. The native breeds need to be conserved for genetic insurance in future, scientific study, as a part of our ecosystem, cultural and ethical requirements and for energy sources in future. The indigenous breeds of cattle posses various unique characteristics such as the presence of unique genetic variation in HSP70 gene family, carry a ‘thermometer gene’ and presence of A2 allelic variant in cow milk, which makes them well adapted to the tropical climate. The conservation includes the preservation along with up-gradation (improvement) of the genetic potential and management of a breed for use in future. The effective management of indigenous cattle resources includes identification, characterization, evaluation, documentation and conservation. The future strategy should be to combine genetic improvement and conservation. Establishment of regional gene banks and people’s participation by involving breeders, communities, gaushalas, NGOs and other relevant stakeholders in conservation programs. For more effective conservation measures, proper coordination and integration among various agencies (ICAR, SAHD, SAUs, SVUs and Research Institutes) is highly needed. “National Consortium of Partners’ comprising different stakeholders should be formulated for conservation of indigenous breed resources with a holistic approach.
Gastrointestinal Helminths of Local and Exotic Domestic Fowls in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Olufemi, Moses Agbolade; Oladunni, Nimota Adekunle; Wunmi, Anthonia Abimbola-Okuneye; Joseph, Akintunde Adeleye; Anuoluwapo, Dawodu
Chicken remains the most intensively reared domesticated poultry species in the animal production industry in Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to November 2016 in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal and malaria parasites of local and exotic domestic fowls. A total of 620 domestic fowls were examined for gastrointestinal parasites in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria, using the flotation technique. Another 16 (10 exotic and six local) domestic fowls were examined for Plasmodium infection and Packed Cell Volume (PCV). Five species of parasites were identified from the domestic fowls which included Ascaridia galli (54.2%), Heterakis gallinarum (15.5%), Capillaria sp. (8.2%), Raillietina sp. (20.8%) and Syngamus trachea (1.4%). Ascaridia galli had the highest prevalence in both the local (male = 50%, female = 48.5%) and exotic domestic fowls (male = 62.5%, female = 55.7%), followed by Raillietina sp., Heterakis gallinarum, Capillaria sp. and Syngamus trachea respectively. Plasmodium sp. was detected in two (33.3%) out of six local domestic fowls and two (20%) out of 10 exotic domestic fowls. The relationship between the PCV and malaria parasite prevalence level in both local and exotic domestic fowls were negative and not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, the relationship between the PCV and malaria parasite prevalence was stronger in the local domestic fowls (R = 0.207) than in the exotic domestic fowls (R = 0.172). It is necessary that public awareness scheme, and prevention and control measures with better management system be introduced in the study area.
Optimization of Dietary Protein and Energy Requirement of Kadaknath Chicken During the Starter Phase
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Kamble, Priyanka; Kadam, Mukund; Khose, Kakasaheb; Patil, Archana; Rathod, Pratik
The 300 day old Kadaknath chicks were randomly distributed into five treatment groups A, B, C, D and E with three replicates having 20 birds in each and reared up to 6th weeks. The treatment groups were viz., control group A: birds fed diet CP 18%, ME 2700 kcal/kg, Methionine 0.38%, Lysine 0.85%; B: diet CP 19%, ME 2800 kcal/kg, Methionine 0.40%, Lysine 0.90%; C: diet CP 20%, ME 2900 kcal/kg, Methionine 0.48%, Lysine 1.00%; D: diet CP 21%, ME- 3000 kcal/kg, Methionine 0.45%, Lysine 1.10%; E: diet CP 22%, ME 3100 kcal/kg, Methionine 0.50%, Lysine 1.20 %. The body weights and weight gain in group D were significantly (P<0.01) higher than other treatment groups except group B at 6th week. The significantly lower feed intake was observed in group D compared to control group at 1st and 3rd weeks. The feed conversion ratio was significantly (P<0.01) better in groups B (3.74±0.06), D (3.70±0.10) and E (4.18 ±0.13) compared to control group (4.70±0.25). The antibody titres against Ranikhet disease were non-significant in all treatments at 3rd and 6th weeks. The cost of production in rupees per kg live weight was recorded lowest in group D (217.56) followed by groups B (218.62), C (255.39), E (256.23) and A (261.11). It may be concluded that the rearing of Kadaknath chickens under intensive system fed starter diet containing ME 3000 kcal/kg, CP 21%, Lysine 1.10% and Methionine 0.45% recorded best growth performance, better immune response and lowest cost of production at the end of 6th week
The Spleen Morphology of the African Giant Pouch Rat (Cricetomys gambianus-Waterhouse, 1840) from Eastern Nigeri
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Ikpegbu, E; Ibe, C.S; Nlebedum, U.C; Nnadozie, O
The spleen morphology of the African Giant pouch rat from the rainforest vegetative region of Nigeria was investigated to establish is basic biology as there dearth of information on it from available literature. Grossly, the spleen was shaped like an elongated triangle, with the two ventral sides of the triangle forming a hilus at the apex of their both convergence. This hilus served as the site of entry and exist of blood vessels and nerves. Microscopically, the spleen was covered by a capsule of connective tissue. The parenchyma was composed mainly of red pulp and isolated areas of white pulp. The red pulp contained splenic cords, sinusoids and other vessels. The white pulp contained the periarteriolar lymphatic sheath which presented a germinal centre, marginal zone and eccentrically located artery surrounded by small lymphocytes. The microanatomy of the spleen revealed an organ involved in blood storage, blood purification and body immune response. This paper will fill the knowledge gap and serve as baseline data for further investigative research
Bacterial Investigation and Antibiogram in Corneal Ulcers in Dogs
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Sharma, Ankur; Gupta, Ajay Kumar; Singh, Maninder; Dwivedi, Dinesh Kumar
Corneal ulcers in dogs usually have a traumatic origin. They cause a break in the continuity of underlying corneal stroma and become rapidly contaminated with bacteria. Twenty eight clinical samples were obtained from corneal ulcer affected dogs for bacterial isolation and anti-microbial susceptibility. Bacterial growth was observed in 100% of the samples (n=28) and Staphylococcus spp. was isolated and characterized by culture, gram staining and various biochemical tests. Antibiogram pattern revealed that gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin antibiotics were found to be highly effective in the treatment of corneal ulcers in dogs. Corneal culture and sensitivity testing provided useful information for the diagnosis, determination of appropriate treatment and antimicrobial therapy for corneal diseases in dogs
Differential Expression of Serum Lysozyme Allelic Variants in Muzaffarnagri Sheep
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Dayal, Shanker; Kumar, Pushpendra; Sharma, Arjava; Bhattacharya, Tarun Kumar
Lysozyme degrades the bacterial cell walls and gives rise to degradation product that stimulates and activates the immune system. Several gram positive and gram negative bacteria were found to be susceptible to different degree of purified lysozyme. Variation in promoter region may regulate the expression of a particular gene. Hence, considering lysozyme gene a potential marker for general immune response, expression pattern of various genotypes on the basis of variations in promoter region is investigated in Muzaffarnagri sheep. A 268 bp fragment spanning partial promoter, exon 1 and partial intron 1 of serum lysozyme gene were amplified and sequenced. Sequencing revealed five genotypes AA, AB, AC, BB and CC and consequently three alleles A, B and C in Muzaffarnagri sheep. Differential expression study of various genotypes by real time pcr revealed significant difference (P≤0.05) in the serum lysozyme expression in animals having different genotypes. Animals having AA genotype showed higher expression of serum lysozyme than the animals having AB, AC and BB genotype.
Cross Sectional Study on Bovine Tuberculosis Status in the Selected North-Eastern Agro-Climatic Zone of Tamil Nadu
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Kumar, M. Asok; G., Selvaraju; S., Manoharan; K.G., Tirumurugaan; V., Maroudamand; M., Vijayabharathi
A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the dynamic prevalence of bovine tuberculosis amongst bovine using single intra dermal cervical comparable test (SICCT or CIDT) in North-Eastern agro-climatic zone of Tamil Nadu. In the present study, Out of 1119 blood samples tested from four selected districts of North-Eastern agro-climatic zone of Tamil Nadu, the overall prevalence of M. bovis infection in North-Eastern agro-climatic zones of Tamil Nadu was found to be 8.46 per cent by CIDT and highest prevalence was noticed in Vellore (10.86%) district followed by Kancheepuram (8.20%), Thiruvallur (7.92%) and Chennai (6.86%) districts, which shows the potential to increase the incidence as well as prevalence of the disease since the “test and slaughter” or “culling policy” are yet to be strengthened intensively or warranting the calf-hood immunization against tuberculosis
Quantification of Sexual Behaviour Traits in Presence of Teaser Male in Relation to Libido and Semen Quality in Buffalo Bull
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Singh, Khushpreet; kumar, Ajeet; Honparkhe, M.; Singh, A.K.
Screening and selecting bulls for desirable reproductive traits and high libido is known to improve the reproductive performance of the herd. Evaluation of sexual behaviour and semiogram is very useful in demarcating the high fertility bulls. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to quantify the sexual behaviour in presence of male teaser in relation to semen quality in buffalo bulls. Bulls were categorized into two groups (high and low libido) on the basis of reaction time. The average duration of first licking of prepucial area was significantly (p<0.05) lower in high libido bulls as compared to low libido bulls. The average frequency and overall duration of licking of prepucial area until ejaculation in high libido buffalo bulls was significantly (p<0.05) lower as compared to low libido bulls. The average time lag to show flehmen response following sniffing and licking the prepucial area and urine of teaser male was similar (p>0.05) in high and low libido buffalo bulls. The average chin resting time were similar (p>0.05) in high and low libido buffalo bulls. Individual sperm motility (%) and viability (%) was found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) in high than the low libido bulls. Sperm abnormality (%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in low libido bulls. Therefore, it can be concluded that breeding buffalo bulls can be demarcated for high libido based on quantification of sexual behaviour traits in relation to semen picture
Molecular Characterization of Diarrhoegenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Neonatal Goat-Kids
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Mishra, Anil Kumar; Singh, Desh Deepak; Kumarsen, Gururaj; Kumar, Ashok; Dixit, Akriti; Shrama, Nitika; Gupta, Geetika; Yadav, Shalini
Faecal samples (n=300) from diarrhoeic neonatal goat-kids of different livestock sheds of ICAR-CIRG, Makhdoom, and field goat-kids of Mathura, UP were aseptically collected, and used for E. coli isolation. On the basis of cultural, morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics, a total of 193 E. coli isolates were identified from 300 fecal samples. Out of 140 E. coli isolates, only 90 isolates could be serotyped at National Salmonella and Escherichia Centre, Central Research Institute, Kasauli, and the most common serogroups responsible for neonatal diarrhoea were found as O88 (n=11), O22 (n=10), O11 (n=8) and O83 (n=7). Congo red dye agar test was done to determine invasiveness of the isolates, and 77.20% (149/193)E. coli isolates showed Congo red binding activity. Identification of shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) was done by PCR amplification of its stx-1 gene, and 5.69% (11/193) isolates were identified as STEC. Pathotype specific primers were used to amplify bundle forming pilus (bfpA) gene of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and 35.23% (68/193) isolates were identified as EPEC. A multiplex PCR was performed to detect labile toxin producing enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC-lt), stable toxin producing enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC-st) and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and 24.35% (47/193), 2.59% (5/193) and 2.07% (4/193) isolates were determined as ETEC-st, ETEC-lt and EIEC, respectively. EPEC and ETEC-st were found as the most prevalent pathotypes associated with neonatal diarrhoea in goat-kids whereas; O88 and O22 were observed as the most common serogroups in causing diarrhoea in the neonatal goat-kids.
SSR based Characterization of Indigenous Harnai Sheep Breed of Balochistan
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Khan, Muhammad Ali; Mohammad, Tariq Massod; Nadeem, Rashid; Zia, Ud-Din; Saadullah, Jan; Mohammad, Din; Mohammad, Rahim; Basir, Kamran
This study was on the molecular characterization of Harnai sheep breed in Balochistan. A set of (n=16) ovine specific SSR markers, recommended by FAO, was used on (n=50) blood samples from unrelated animals of Harnai sheep breed from their breeding tract. Various genetic parameters were observed using Pop gene software. A total of 74 alleles were found on 13 loci. The finding values for observed number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne) and Shannon’s Information index (I) the average values were found along with standard deviation to be 2.448±0.869, 1.7050.604 and 0.5890.357 respectively, further more, the mean values of observed heterozygosity (Obs_Het) expected homozygosity (Exp._Hom), expected heterozygosity (Exp_Het), effective number of allele (Ne) average Heterozygosity (Ave Het) were found to be 0.598±0.299, 0.366±0.284, 0.602±0.238, 0.363±0.219, 0.347±0.209 and 0.347±0.209, respectively. The value of F-statistic ranged from 0.2851 to 0.9132 for different microsatellite markers with an average of 0.515±0.021. Majority of the markers showed higher than average expected reduction in heterozygosity. The standard errors were generally low, which indicated that homozygosity prevails in the population under study. This might be due to intense inbreeding in this flock of Harnai sheep.
Changes in Biochemical Profile of Superovulated Sahiwal Cows through Hormonal Manipulation at Mid Luteal Phase of Estrous Cycle
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Sheetal, S.K.; Prasad, Shiv; Gupta, H.P.
In the present study, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) administered during mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle and effect on biochemical profiles of Sahiwal donor cows was noted. Altogether eighteen cows (n=18) were selected and divided into 3 groups; control (n=6, untreated), T-I (n=6, Insulin-treated) and T-II (n=6, IGF-I treated). Superovulatory treatment was started on day 9th of the estrous cycle. With the 6th dose of FSH, prostaglandin was injected to induce superovulatory estrus. The superovulated cows were bred and superovulatory response of each animal was recorded. The collections of embryos were done non-surgically on the 7th day of superovulatory estrus. About 15 ml blood without anticoagulant was collected on days 5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19 and 21st or day of embryo recovery where day 0 of estrous cycle was taken as the day of estrus. Serum was separated, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes and transferred into sterilized serum vials. All samples were stored at -20 oC till analysis. Serum glucose, cholesterol, total protein, urea, and creatinine were estimated by Span Diagnostic Kits. The concentration of serum glucose increased significantly in insulin-treated and IGF-1 treated Sahiwal donor cows. It may be concluded that exogenous insulin and IGF-1 administration during mid-luteal phase may be helpful in follicular and embryonic development by increasing the level of serum glucose. The concentration of serum cholesterol, total protein, urea, and creatinine remains unaffected
External Fixation using Acrylic versus Epoxy as a Connecting bar for Repair of Compound Fracture in Goat
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Nagar, Sandeep; Singh, Randhir; Shahi, Apra; Vaish, Rakhi
The study was conducted on 10 goats, aged between 10 months to 5 years, brought to T.V.C.C, Jabalpur for the treatment of compound fracture in metacarpal and tibia. The animals were selected irrespective of their age, sex, breed and body weight. The animals were randomly divided into two equal groups. In group I, external skeletal fixation using Acrylic as the connecting bar was applied whereas in group II, Epoxy putty was used as the connecting bar. Wound area at fracture site decreased significantly at 30th day as compared to 0 day. The mean radiographic score increased significantly at 30th day and was highest at 60th day. Weight bearing score improved on 15th day and complete weight bearing was observed on 12th to 30th days in all goats. Pin loosening, pin tract drainage and inflammation were observed post-operatively
Replacement of Synthetic Choline Chloride by Herbal Choline in Diets on Liver Function Enzymes, Carcass Traits and Economics of Broilers
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Khose, Kakasaheb; Manwar, Satish; Gole, Mayura; Ingole, Ranjeet; Rathod, Pravin
The present study was conducted to evaluate the replacement of synthetic choline chloride by herbal choline in diets on liver function enzymes, carcass traits and economics of broiler production. Three hundred straight-run Cobb-400 day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed into five treatment groups having three replicates having 20 chicks in each and reared up to 6 weeks. The treatment group T1 (control) offered basal diet (BIS, 2007), T2 offered basal diet with choline chloride-60% @ 1 kg/ton of feed, groups T3, T4 and T5 offered basal diets with herbal choline @ 0.25, 0.35 and 0.50 kg/ton of feed, respectively. The SGPT, SGOT and ALP were significantly (P<0.01) reduced in treatment group T5 as compared to control group. There was non-significant difference for blood loss, feather loss, edible carcass yield and abdominal fat percent in all treatment groups. The net profit expressed in terms of rupees per kg live weight in treatment groups was increased by 18.35% (T2), 14.37% (T3), 21.05% (T4), and 38.55% (T5) over the control group (T1). It may be concluded that the herbal choline supplemented at dose levels of 0.35 kg/ton and 0.5 kg/ton of feed was found to be useful to improve the overall performance due to better growth resulting into increase in profit margin of broiler production replacing synthetic choline chloride (1kg/ton) in broiler diets. Moreover, the supplementation of herbal choline at 0.5 kg/ton of feed was more beneficial in terms of improved liver protection, carcass traits and economics of broiler production
In-vivo Analgesic and In-vitro Cytoprotective Potential of Various Leaf Extracts of Pongamia pinnata
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Sagar, Rashmi; Dumka, Vinod. K.; Kaur, Rajdeep; Lonare, Milind K.
Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre is a medium sized glabrous, perennial tree which grows in the littoral regions of South Eastern Asia and Australia. In the Indian Ayurvedic medicine, different parts of the plant have been used for pain relief in various disorders. The present study investigated the potential of different leaf extracts of Pongamia pinnata as an analgesic agent in rodents and our aim was also to study in-vitro cytoprotective effects of the various extracts from leaves of the plant. Different leaf extracts of Pongamia pinnata i.e. aqueous, alcoholic, acetone and chloroform were investigated for analgesic activity at the dose rate of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg in Wistar rats. For the assessment of analgesic activity, tail flick method was used. In-vitro cytoprotective activity of various leaf extracts (at concentrations of 5% and 10%) was evaluated in ATCC acquired MDBK cell lines and for this study, cytotoxicity was induced by thiomethoxam. It was observed that almost all the extracts demonstrated the dose dependent analgesic activity with maximum response in the aqueous extract group @ 100 mg/kg when compared to control. For cytoprotective study, oxidative stress parameters- catalase, LPO, SOD and GPx were determined. Study on analgesic activity revealed the presence of dose dependent effect in all extracts with highest effect in aqueous extract of Pongamia pinnata. We believe that triterpene alkaloids and steroidal principles present in the plant products might be responsible for the analgesic effect
Effect of Feeding Rice Based Distillers Dried Grains Solubles with and without Enzymes on Haemato-biochemical profile of Broiler Chickens
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Dinani, Om Prakash; Tyagi, Pramod Kumar; Mandal, Asit Baran; Tyagi, Praveen Kumar; Kumar, Faneshwar; Tiwari, Sita Prasad
A biological experiment of 42 days duration was undertaken in which 384 day old chicks were divided into 12 dietary treatments as per 3×4 factorial design having 4 replicates per treatment with 8 birds in each. Twelve experimental diets were prepared by incorporating control (maize-soya based), two different levels of rice Distillers Dried Grains (rDDGS) 12.5 and 15%, without and with three different types of enzymes (xylanase, protease and multienzymes). The inclusion of rice based distillers dried grains with solubles (rDDGS), enzyme supplementation and their interaction revealed no significant (P>0.05) difference on the haematological parameters of broiler chicken. The serum cholesterol decreased significantly (P<0.01) at 15% rDDGS level as compared to control and 12.5% rDDGS level. The serum triglyceride decreased significantly (P<0.01) at 12.5 and 15% rDDGS levels compared to control diet. The serum glucose significantly (P<0.05) increased by multienzymes supplementation compared to xylanase and control diet. The serum total protein, albumin and globulin significantly (P<0.01) increased in protease supplemented groups as compared to control and other enzyme supplemented groups. The interaction of rDDGS levels and enzyme supplementation revealed no significant (P>0.05) effect on any of the serum parameters. Thus, it may be concluded that feeding of (rDDGS) up to 15% and soybean meal based diets without or with protease, xylanase and multienzymes in broiler chickens did not have any adverse effect on haematological and serological parameters. Protease supplementation has beneficial effect on serum biochemistry in DDGS diet.
Effects of Supplemental Threonine on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Haemato-biochemical Profile of Commercial Broilers in Sub-Tropics
(Association of Mastitis, 2019-02) Debnath, Bikas Ch.; Biswas, Purnendu; Pakhira, Manik Ch.; Roy, Barun
Present study was aimed at investigating the effects of threonine supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activities and haemato-biochemical profile of commercial broilers in sub-tropics. Three hundred thirty -day old straight run commercial broiler chicks (Vencobb-400) with initial average body weight of 44.04±0.42g were allocated into five experimental groups, in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 42 days experiment. Groups were formed according to the dose of supplemental L-threonine in various rations i.e. NRC specification, 100% of Vencobb-400 strain specification, 110% of Vencobb-400 specification, 120% of Vencobb-400 specification and 130% of Vencobb-400 specification group. The mean serum GSH-Px and serum catalase concentration increased linearly {(p=0.001) and (p=0.04), respectively} whereas the mean serum SOD level increased both linearly (p=0.002) and quadratically (p=0.04) with the increasing levels of supplemental L-threonine. Among the hematological parameters of blood, the H:L ratio decreased linearly (p=0.02) with the increasing levels of threonine. The serum glucose and total protein concentration increased linearly (p=0.002) with the increasing levels of supplemental L-threonine. There was a linear increment (P<0.001) in serum globulin level with a linear decrease (p<0.05) in albumin: globulin ratio on increased levels of supplemental L-threonine in the ration. There was a linear decrease (p<0.001) in cholesterol and VLDL level with the increasing levels of supplemental L-threonine, however, a linear increment (p=0.04) in the serum HDL level was noticed. It may be concluded that L-threonine supplementation at 130% threonine (of Vencobb-400 specification) has a better antioxidant function and better haemato-biochemical profile

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