Journal of the Indian Society of Toxicology

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/134840

Editor: Dr V V Pillay

ISSN: 0973-3558 (Print)

Frequency: Semi-annual

Language: English

Published by The Indian Society of Toxicology

Peer-reviewed open access journal indexed in Index Medicus

Web site: https://indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:jist&type=home

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Browsing Journal of the Indian Society of Toxicology by Author "Afzal, M"

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    Protective role of Ocimum sanctum infusion against norethynodrel-induced genotoxic damage in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
    (2006-07) Siddique, Y H; Ara, G; Beg, T; Shahi, MH; Afzal, M
    Synthetic progestins have wide spread use in medicine, but their side effects are often debatable. Norethynodrel is a synthetic progestin used either as single entity drug, or in combination with an estrogen such as ethinylestradiol in oral contraceptives. It induces chromosomal aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), and inhibits lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of metabolic activation (S9 mix) in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The genotoxic effects of steroids can be reduced by the use of various antioxidants and natural plant products. Aqueous extract of Ocimum sanctum L. (Sacred Basil) leaves have been used for the treatment of a variety of conditions since ancient times. Pharmacological evidence shows that Sacred Basil possesses immunomodulating, hepatoprotective, chemopreventive, anticancer, antioxidant, antimutagenic and antigenotoxic properties. Infusion concentrations of 1.075x10−4, 2.127x10−4 and 3.15x10−4 g/ml of culture medium were tested against 60 mg/ml of norethynodrel, separately in the presence of S9 mix. Aqueous plant infusion resulted in the reduction of the genotoxic damage by norethynodrel. Our study on other synthetic progestins such as ethynodioldiacetate, lynestrenol, and medroxy-progesterone acetate showed genotoxic effects only in the presence of S9 mix. Estrogens such as estradiol-17b and ethinylestradiol undergoes aromatic hydroxylation by cytochrome P450 and generates various forms of quinones. Quinones, via redox cycling in the presence of NADP generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pharmacologically active compounds of O. sanctum L. like eugenol, rosmarinic acid and epigenin are excellent antioxidants. Flavonoids, orientin and vicenin have shown a protective effect against radiation induced genotoxic damage in cultured human lymphocytes by scavenging free radicals. Infusion of medicinal plants can modulate DNA damage when combined with other substances.
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    A selective method for the qualitative determination of paroxetine in forensic biological samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
    (2008-07) Mishra, Vindresh; Sri Chainulu, Chaitanya; Afzal, M; Kaur, Sukhminder; Shukla, S K; Sarma, P N; Sharma, J D
    Paroxetine is a schedule H antidepressant drug. It has occasionally been implicated in lethal overdoses. To identify and estimate the level of this drug in toxicological samples is a forensic challenge. Attempts have been made in the past to extract and detect paroxetine in blood samples by using a variety of techniques such as gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high pressure liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, etc. However, no studies have been reported in other biological samples. In this study, an attempt has been made to identify paroxetine in biological samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode at 330.15192.11. The product ion spectra proved to be very helpful in identification of the drug. Furthermore, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) enhances the reliability and specificity of the method. The use of modified mobile phase produces good quality of qualifier ions. This method appears to be simple, sensitive, specific, and reliable.